[HN Gopher] Where did the long tail go?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Where did the long tail go?
        
       Author : jger15
       Score  : 228 points
       Date   : 2022-06-26 12:06 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (tedgioia.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (tedgioia.substack.com)
        
       | agnosticmantis wrote:
       | For those curious about terminology who like me may not know, the
       | tail in 'long tail' does not refer to tail of a probability
       | density/mass function, but rather the tail of a rank-size
       | distribution which is closer to a (reversed) quantile function:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank%E2%80%93size_distribution
        
       | fweimer wrote:
       | It's curious to bring up Amazon and AWS in this context, without
       | noticing the myriad of SKUs that AWS offers. One could argue that
       | all of them are virtual, so they don't really matter, but there
       | is certainly a certain paralysis of choice when it comes to
       | instance types, and it must also make it more difficult for AWS
       | to schedule customer workloads efficiently.
        
       | cudgy wrote:
       | "Not only has Netflix sharply reduced the number of movies it
       | offers on its streaming platform, but now has a lot of
       | competitors (Disney, Apple, Paramount, etc.) that are also
       | tightly managing the titles they feature."
       | 
       | Doesn't this explain why much of Netflix content has been
       | removed. Owners of that content removing it from Netflix to
       | feature it on their new streaming networks? The content is still
       | available just not through a single massive aggregator like
       | Netflix was in the past.
        
       | hoseja wrote:
       | Here's a guy restoring vintage mechanical watches as a hobby,
       | with over 600 patrons:
       | https://www.youtube.com/c/WristwatchRevival
        
       | dixego wrote:
       | Some people have already mentioned several problems with the
       | article, but there's a thing that's not really discussed that I'd
       | like to know more about: how many of the people on the "creation"
       | side of the Long Tail i.e. the movie makers, the musicians, the
       | writers, are actually making a living out of finding their own
       | small niche? I have to imagine there can't be that many.
        
         | rossdavidh wrote:
         | I think the crux of the matter is, how many creators were
         | making a living before? Also not that many. We're comparing one
         | business model that was broken (for the vast majority of
         | creators) to another that is also broken.
         | 
         | It seems abundantly clear to me that there are way more TV
         | shows and music acts with global audience than there were
         | before. This doesn't mean they make a decent living.
        
       | mikewarot wrote:
       | Old person (58) perspective -- You don't remember what it was
       | like before the internet. We had a (1) local newspaper, Channels
       | 2,5,7,9,11 and 32 on the TV. The most artistic things available
       | on TV were William Alexander, Julia Child, and The Woodwright's
       | shop.
       | 
       | There was an explosion of things when VHS and Cable TV showed up,
       | but still... the variety wasn't that great because they had to
       | satisfy mass audiences.
       | 
       | We've now got the long tail. If you want to watch a person clear
       | out plugged drains for amusement, there's Post10. If you want to
       | watch the machining of metal, there's MrPete222, ThisOldTony,
       | ClickSpring, etc. If you want to learn about math, 3Blue1Brown,
       | Mathologer, etc. There's PeriodicVideos, etc.
       | 
       | And the Podcasts... so many podcasts. The tail is long and wild
       | and wonderful.
       | 
       | If there's something you're interested in, there's a niche
       | somewhere exploring it.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Bob Ross and some old German guy painting on PBS would
         | challenge Roy Underhill's Dad Jokes any day.
         | 
         | If you want to watch someone swear about power tools, using
         | swears you didn't even know existed, AvE. And if that's not
         | weird enough for you, watch an ex-felon with a _deep_ Chicago
         | accent talk about plants on Crime Pays But Botany Doesn't.
        
           | mikewarot wrote:
           | AvE is awesome... I have zero idea why he ends with keep your
           | * in a vice, though.
        
         | mikewarot wrote:
         | One thing does suck, though... the elimination of social
         | sharing of bookmarks, music, videos, etc. For example, when
         | Napster was a thing, I started buying 2-5 CDs per payday
         | because I was discovering so much great stuff. They they (the
         | record companies) started comparing the sharing of music with
         | Piracy of Ships on the High Sea, and suing customers... and
         | things imploded. F*ck the record companies!
         | 
         | Delicio.us was a social bookmarking site - it was an awesome
         | way to discover interesting things because people actually
         | shared their bookmarks, and discovered new ones... then it got
         | killed
         | 
         | This trend repeats over and over as too much capital seeks too
         | few resources. 8(
        
           | 0898 wrote:
           | I'm always surprised and intrigued when people recall
           | discovering music through Napster. All I remember is using it
           | as a pirate search engine for songs that I already knew I
           | wanted.
           | 
           | How did Napster work as a music discovery tool? Obviously
           | there was some aspect I was missing out on.
        
             | mikewarot wrote:
             | Before it got weird, you could look and see all the music a
             | given person was sharing.... and that's how I found some
             | amazing stuff I'd never heard on the mainstream radio
             | stations.
             | 
             | I figured it was the right thing to do to actually buy the
             | music, so I was doing that. Somewhere I've got a few
             | hundred CDs on spindles that I bought retail at full price.
        
           | tomcam wrote:
           | > when Napster was a thing, I started buying 2-5 CDs per
           | payday
           | 
           | You and no one else. Lars Ulrich was right.
           | 
           | Practically speaking it could be that bands' doing it all
           | themselves may be an actual improvement, or may be a wash.
           | Hard to tell. at least they have better control over their
           | intellectual property.
        
             | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
             | _> Lars Ulrich was right_
             | 
             | Which reminds me of this classic:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LeKX2bNP7QM
             | 
             | In my case, I didn't buy CDs, but I _did_ buy _lots_ of
             | singles. I was probably one of the earlier iTunes
             | customers, and LimeWire and RantRadio were where I found my
             | music.
        
           | nindalf wrote:
           | Are you looking for a site where people share interesting
           | links on a variety of subjects? Perhaps we could make it even
           | better if we had high quality discussion of those links. But
           | of course, we should have good moderation of the submissions
           | and comments so folks stay on topic. Maybe we could bootstrap
           | the site by appealing to a small subculture, like "news for
           | hackers".
           | 
           | Yes, if only there was a site like this.
        
             | redmen wrote:
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | >Delicio.us was a social bookmarking site - it was an awesome
           | way to discover interesting things because people actually
           | shared their bookmarks, and discovered new ones... then it
           | got killed
           | 
           | There are still social bookmarking sites. However:
           | 
           | 1. Relatively speaking, very few people use them
           | 
           | 2. Even those of us who have been using them since delicio.us
           | mostly don't bother sharing
           | 
           | The sharing is probably mostly on Twitter these days.
        
           | kristopolous wrote:
           | It's a different model of consumption.
           | 
           | Systems based on votes are based inherently on popularity.
           | 
           | Whether that's direct or whether it's a FoaF operation, such
           | as "those who like x also enjoy y" - it's still a popularity
           | system.
           | 
           | All popularity systems centralize and are extremely hostile
           | to divergences and counterintuitive things.
           | 
           | It'd be like if you asked the bedeviling Monty Hall problem,
           | took a survey of the most common answer and only presented
           | that one while the correct one gets hidden and downvoted. The
           | centralizing feedback loop is because you're now reinforcing
           | the most common wrong answer as the right one and thus the
           | noise becomes the signal.
           | 
           | The failure of these systems is it only recognizes and pushes
           | up those who knows how to be popular and not experts or
           | creators. It regurgitates commonality.
           | 
           | There's other ways. You can for instance, find a movie you
           | like then see what studio made it, the director involved, the
           | whatever - sound engineer, then browse out from there. It's a
           | version of the Monty Hall problem where you go "let's only
           | pay attention to what most _mathematicians_ say "
           | 
           | My favorite analogy for this is if you went to a beginner's
           | karate/yoga/physical therapy class on the first day and took
           | a survey of a proper punch/movement and considered the
           | instructor's opinion as an equal vote with the 20 other first
           | day people and ? went with whatever the plurality was. Or you
           | went to the doctor's office and along with the doctor,
           | surveyed the patients in the waiting room what their opinion
           | of your ailment was. Or a foreign language class and had the
           | other students guess on a translation and assign the fluent
           | instructor's answer the same weight.
           | 
           | No really, that's how we've structured most content curation
           | on the internet. Exactly like that.
           | 
           | It's fine for general purposes but completely fails for the
           | narrowband - naive equal democracy and systems weighted in
           | popularity are terrible institutions where specialized
           | expertise is desired because it occludes expert knowledge
           | systems and networks and swaps it out for popularity systems
           | and tribes
        
         | seanp2k2 wrote:
         | If you want to build your own keyboard, now there are a billion
         | parts easily available and tons of instructional videos on it.
         | When I was a kid, model aircraft were fun, but you'd either go
         | to the local hobby store or look through the Tower Hobby
         | catalog. People built kits or sometimes made things themselves,
         | and a lot of really interesting techniques were passed down
         | through clubs and mailing lists. Now with the drone scene,
         | there are many many more parts to choose from, all kinds of
         | simulators and flight assist technology to almost completely
         | avoid the expensive and time-consuming build-fly-crash loop,
         | tons of resources in forums, videos, discord servers (I guess
         | we did have IRC back in the day which is part of how I learned
         | programming).
         | 
         | The long tail has been growing since the 90s, but consumerism
         | has been growing even faster.
        
         | ge96 wrote:
         | A weird one is watching people fix the hooves on horses,
         | something about is captivating.
        
         | addicted wrote:
         | How was live music and entertainment though?
         | 
         | I mean, stuff that wasn't available because the technology
         | didn't exist was obviously not as good.
         | 
         | And none of the channels you've mentioned are counter culture.
         | 3blue1brown, Mathologer, etc are a combination of being able to
         | do stuff because animation is easy and cheap to do, but they
         | are hardly long tail at this point.
        
         | majormajor wrote:
         | Yeah, look at the US population share of pre-cable, pre-
         | internet things like I Love Lucy or Elvis. Nothing these days
         | is even _close_ to dominating pop culture in the same way.
         | 
         | The author doesn't see it because they're swimming in it (even
         | Substack is part of it) and it's so common that it's no longer
         | noteworthy. They pay attention just to what's happening
         | _inside_ tentpole motion pictures that they ignore how much
         | bigger the world of content outside of them has gotten. There
         | 's no monolithic "counterculture" because there's now thousands
         | of them.
        
         | Gimpei wrote:
         | Agreed! Television is so much better. Comics are better.
         | Obscure music from all over the world is readily available
         | rather than being stuck with top 40, solid gold, American
         | bandstand. Board games are more variegated; beer culture has
         | exploded; coffee tastes good. Pretty much everything that was
         | dull and bland in my youth now has a rich fan culture. Kids
         | today don't know how good they've got it.
        
           | cs137 wrote:
           | _Pretty much everything that was dull and bland in my youth
           | now has a rich fan culture. Kids today don't know how good
           | they've got it._
           | 
           | If only they had the gumption to time travel and get cushy
           | BoomerJobs instead of gig-economy nightmare labor under tight
           | quotas and constant surveillance, they'd even have the time
           | and money to enjoy it.
        
         | ithkuil wrote:
         | Human perception adapts to everything and turns everything into
         | "normal".
         | 
         | Today all those things you mentioned are "mainstream", thus
         | where are the counter culture things we used to have?
        
         | cheriot wrote:
         | 100% agreed
         | 
         | > I'm not saying that all those 'underground fringes' that
         | Anderson celebrated have disappeared--I'm merely claiming that
         | they have less cultural impact than at almost any point in
         | modern history.
         | 
         | The author seems to think about counter culture in terms of
         | large groups like the bohemians and beatniks. Instead, we have
         | an unlimited supply of niche communities people can join. Seems
         | pretty great to me.
        
           | soderfoo wrote:
           | The author alludes to something that resonated with me. I
           | think the point he is trying to make is that even a lot of
           | independent art is homogenized and tired because its
           | underpinnings are more tied to a hustle-culture mindset than
           | to actually asking something of the experiencer.
        
           | Dan_Sylveste wrote:
           | >Instead, we have an unlimited supply of niche communities
           | people can join. Seems pretty great to me.
           | 
           | I think the issue is with the discoverability of those
           | communities. When they're so small and niche and there are so
           | many of them, discoverability suffers. There's a curation
           | element that's missing and that algorithms driven by /
           | manipulated by commercial pressure don't provide.
           | 
           | I don't think we have a modern day replacement for John Peel,
           | for example. We have tons of content (soundcloud etc) but the
           | few people sorting the wheat from the chaff don't seem to be
           | able to muster an audience. The art/talent of curation is
           | much undervalued.
        
         | twiceaday wrote:
         | I spend hours every week watching a British man solve sudoku
         | variation puzzles, as do his half a million subscribers. Hard
         | to imagine this happening before.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/ejhtYYvUs5M?t=241
        
           | wrp wrote:
           | During the Rubik's Cube craze of the early 1980s, people
           | would gather round to watch a skilled person solve one. I
           | seem to recall even seeing it on TV. Behavior is the same,
           | technology has just allowed a change in scale.
        
           | YeezyMode wrote:
           | This is beautiful.
        
       | ghaff wrote:
       | >It pains me to say this--because the Long Tail was sold to us as
       | an economic law that not only predicted a more inclusive era of
       | prosperity, but would especially help creative people.
       | 
       | My recollection is that Chris Anderson's "Long Tail" never
       | particularly promoted prosperity for those _in_ the long tail but
       | rather for the aggregators of the long tail. And that seems to
       | have happened to a large degree.
       | 
       | Here's part of the blurb for Anderson's book:
       | 
       |  _Wired editor Anderson declares the death of "common culture"--
       | and insists that it's for the best. Why don't we all watch the
       | same TV shows, like we used to? Because not long ago, "we had
       | fewer alternatives to compete for our screen attention," he
       | writes. Smash hits have existed largely because of scarcity: with
       | a finite number of bookstore shelves and theaters and Wal-Mart CD
       | racks, "it's only sensible to fill them with the titles that will
       | sell best." Today, Web sites and online retailers offer seemingly
       | infinite inventory, and the result is the "shattering of the
       | mainstream into a zillion different cultural shards." These
       | "countless niches" are market opportunities for those who cast a
       | wide net and de-emphasize the search for blockbusters._
       | 
       | That actually seems pretty accurate. Amazon and YouTube have done
       | just fine by the long tail. And the variety of streaming services
       | have pretty much fractured primetime network viewing and Top 40
       | radio. Power laws are still in effect and small-time artists are
       | often doing even worse financially than they used to, and even
       | some of the aggregators (e.g. Netflix) have their own struggles.
        
         | incrudible wrote:
         | Even if Amazon was profitable selling goods (it is not), its
         | approach is to let marketplace sellers figure out which
         | products sell well, then it starts sells those items itself.
         | Amazon is chasing the short tail.
         | 
         | Streaming services are fractured, but individually almost all
         | of their revenue comes from blockbusters. Attempts at original
         | content are killed quickly when they fail to deliver bigly.
         | Netflix is particularly guilty of this.
         | 
         | The prediction in the book does not pan out. Today _more than
         | ever_ , the money goes to the top.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | There is a long tail and consumers get a lot of value from
           | that long tail. But I don't wholly disagree that--in addition
           | to the creators in the long tail not making much--the
           | aggregators can make relatively little from it either
           | compared to the blockbusters on the left hand side of the
           | curve.
           | 
           | So I think the observation that a long tail exists was
           | absolutely correct but the claim of financial value from it
           | is a mixed bag. (Anderson was also largely incorrect in his
           | claims about the end of theory.
           | https://www.wired.com/2008/06/pb-theory/ )
        
         | mattmanser wrote:
         | He actually explicitly mentions Amazon and Netflix as counter
         | examples of what you've said.
         | 
         | Amazon - he says a lot of pundits claim their retail arm is not
         | and will never be profitable, they have been saved by aws
         | 
         | Netflix - has cut the number of movies on offer dramatically,
         | cutting out the long tail, and adopted a strategy of chasing
         | blockbuster TV shows
         | 
         | It's worth reading the whole article, it is pretty good.
         | 
         | As for a 'fracturing',everyone's talking about stranger things
         | and obi-wan. Kate Bush is top of the charts because of stranger
         | things. Remember everyone talking about Tiger King or GoT?
         | Certainly doesn't feel fractured to me.
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | > As for a 'fracturing',everyone's talking about stranger
           | things and obi-wan. Kate Bush is top of the charts because of
           | stranger things. Remember everyone talking about Tiger King
           | or GoT? Certainly doesn't feel fractured to me.
           | 
           | It's also losing sight of books. There's so, so many books
           | out there, it could be called even more fractured than modern
           | TV/streaming, and yet big hits happened. When I was in school
           | in the late 90s/early 2000s, everyone at least knew of (if
           | not was a fan of) Animorphs, Goosebumps, Redwall, Harry
           | Potter (before the movies), etc.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Of course things are much more fractured than they used to
           | be. The audience for Stranger Things or GoT is minuscule
           | compared to something like "Must See TV" on NBC Thursdays in
           | the past. I think you might be surprised at the number of
           | people who haven't heard of Stranger Things and certainly
           | haven't watched.
           | 
           | It's fair that Netflix doesn't really carry long tail content
           | --never did carry the longest tail stuff and now that content
           | owners want more money in general and there's a lot more
           | competition for subscribers it doesn't make sense to pay for
           | back catalog stuff that others own. YouTube and TikTok are
           | better examples.
           | 
           | It seems obvious that there _is_ a long tail. But neither
           | Anderson or most anyone else claimed that being in the long
           | tail was a path to riches. And while I 'm not sure it's valid
           | to write off Amazon, eBay, Alibaba, etc., it's probably fair
           | to say that the long tail has mostly not been a pile of gold
           | for the aggregators either. But it does exist.
        
             | jamiek88 wrote:
             | The long long tail of tv is now the likes of PlutoTV and
             | Tubi etc. free streaming with channels dedicated to for
             | example, the Beverley hillbillies !
        
           | mcv wrote:
           | Yeah, but wasn't Squid Game Netflix's last blockbuster?
           | That's certainly not your standard Hollywood-style
           | blockbuster. So that means it does offer a way for weird
           | niche stuff to get really big.
        
             | moate wrote:
             | IDK that you can say Squid Games isn't part of a trend when
             | Korean pop culture and arts are having a pretty big moment
             | around the world (K-pop is massive, Parasite kicked ass at
             | the Oscars) and EVERYONE wants a dystopia story because of
             | how the shitty the world feels.
             | 
             | Squid Game doesn't feel like it came out of nowhere, and is
             | actually pretty derivative (go re-watch Running Man or
             | Battle Royale).
        
           | sitkack wrote:
           | > claim their retail arm is not and will never be profitable
           | 
           | If this is true, then isn't the retail side effectively
           | removing all the oxygen from the ecosystem? This sounds
           | massively stagnating, the combination of not-profitable and
           | extremely efficient.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Even before Amazon a fair number of big box chains removed
             | a lot of oxygen from the retail ecosystem. No small number
             | of those chains themselves went out of business--yes, in
             | part because of Amazon. (Also Walmart.)
             | 
             | I don't really buy the "will never be profitable" part
             | although perhaps less so than AWS.
        
               | tgflynn wrote:
               | If AWS is as profitable as he says there must be a huge
               | opportunity in offering lower cost cloud infrastructure.
        
               | fweimer wrote:
               | I find it curious that the other two top-brand public
               | clouds do not undercut AWS significantly in areas like
               | network bandwidth charges, when other operators can offer
               | similar service it vastly reduced cost. This does look
               | like a market failure, and I don't know why we are in
               | this situation. Maybe the top brands are just very, very
               | strong?
        
           | encoderer wrote:
           | I think you underestimate the scale of how "short tailed"
           | everything used to be.
           | 
           | Yes yes tiger king, stranger things, etc. these things are
           | popular.
           | 
           | In 1983 over 50% of the entire United States watched the last
           | episode of MASH live as it aired on NBC. And people talked
           | about it for 10+ years.
        
             | kristianc wrote:
             | Not only that, but the long tail has been much much more
             | representative than the days of the short tail ever was.
             | 
             | Everyone knew that there was a huge audience for hip hop,
             | but we've only seen how huge that audience was since it
             | came to dominate streaming charts.
        
             | fourthark wrote:
             | Mid tail
        
             | mikewarot wrote:
             | I thought it was great when Klinger got married.
             | 
             | This nightmare of Hawkeye's is something I'll never forget.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XO3_iRh2Ryk
        
           | simonebrunozzi wrote:
           | > Amazon - he says a lot of pundits claim their retail arm is
           | not and will never be profitable
           | 
           | Far, far from reality. Amazon retail can be very profitable -
           | the amount of data, arbitrage, and scale is just unmatched by
           | any other company.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | > even some of the aggregators (e.g. Netflix) have their own
         | struggles.
         | 
         | Netflix's stock price is still pretty high considering their
         | product.
         | 
         | Disney market cap is $180B, Comcast is $180B, Netflix is $85B,
         | Warner Bros Discovery is $35B. Fox/Viacom/Paramount are in the
         | $15B to $20B range. Everyone else is much smaller.
         | 
         | Disney and Comcast have other businesses than selling media,
         | and Disney has particularly strong brands. Netflix's content
         | does not seem much more compelling than HBO's (Warner Bros
         | Discovery), but it does have global presence.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | Netflix might be overvalued, but those other companies aren't
           | in great places.
           | 
           | Disney for example is in a tough place in terms of growth
           | which really hurts their market cap.
           | 
           | Take say their parks, they can't significantly expand, open
           | up new locations, or significantly raise prices and those
           | parks have the risk of another shutdown etc. ESPN similarly
           | dominates their niche but as a middle man they could lose
           | major contracts. Again profitable but not a lot of room for
           | growth. Disney+ is what their 3rd streaming service and eats
           | into existing profits. Why buy an MCU blue-ray when 3 months
           | of streaming costs the same.
           | 
           | They executed their purchases of Pixar, Marvel, and Star Wars
           | reasonably well but audiences are getting saturated and there
           | isn't a lot of franchises like that to keep buying. Worse
           | they can't seem to get new franchises off the ground. Frozen
           | for example was a big hit but they ran it and other promising
           | IP into the ground.
        
             | samatman wrote:
             | Objectively they've bungled Star Wars, it remains to be
             | seen if they can get out of the woods with the amount of
             | hostility they've created. Without the Mandalorian the
             | situation would be dire.
             | 
             | Pixar literally didn't miss for the entire independent era,
             | the occasional lackluster movie isn't going to alienate
             | their core demographic, which is parents. Marvel is of
             | course printing money with no end in sight, but this is a
             | two out of three thing imho.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | I agree Disney's handling of the Star Wars was a dumpster
               | fire from a story standpoint.
               | 
               | However, the Star Wars acquisition has been extremely
               | profitable financially and the IP is still quite
               | valuable. 2.1% of the company + 2.21 Billion was easily
               | worth it. Theme park attractions, toys, etc just let them
               | leverage IP in ways few companies can match in the short
               | term.
        
               | fshbbdssbbgdd wrote:
               | People keep showing up to spend a billion dollars at the
               | box office for Star Wars movies. Internet discourse isn't
               | necessarily a good indicator for the success of
               | mainstream movies.
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | The discourse surrounding Marvel is ten times as grumpy,
               | Star Wars is simply underperforming. The Mandalorian was
               | a decent save, but they're out of films that a bunch of
               | people will go see no matter what, now that the core
               | storyline is told.
               | 
               | There's time to turn the ship around, but if the next two
               | cinema releases are duds the franchise is in real
               | trouble. Marvel can blow a movie any time they like.
               | 
               | It's Disney, I expect they'll squeeze profit out of the
               | IP for a long time to come, but that might end up
               | dominated by short animated series aimed squarely at
               | kids. Hard to say, Favreau understands what Star Wars is
               | and hopefully they see that and scale it.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | I agree, I do not know if any media sellers have
             | sufficiently high and resilient cash flow to be worth
             | $100B+, or even close to it.
             | 
             | Well, except Apple and Amazon, but that is not because of
             | the media.
        
       | soneca wrote:
       | > _" I'm merely claiming that they have less cultural impact than
       | at almost any point in modern history. To operate on the fringe
       | is almost akin to wearing an invisibility cloak from one of those
       | Harry Potter stories."_
       | 
       | Despite this being the central claim of the article, the author
       | doesn't make any effort to defend, explain, or even list examples
       | of that claim. They state it as a fact. And I disagree with that
       | central foundation, so the article is kind of useless to me. I
       | learned nothing from it. I still think the long tail of creators
       | and artists have more influence in the society than they had in
       | the 2000s and before.
       | 
       | The article is a long effort to brag that the author was right
       | about something a long time ago. But, without the premise above,
       | I think they are wrong. The blockbuster being dead prediction was
       | grossly wrong, but that along doesn't support the claim above.
       | Neither noticing that Amazon, Netflix, and Spotify earn more
       | money from the big things. That doesn't necessarily mean that the
       | small creator earns less money. The article also ignore about
       | small creators earning money and reach from Substack, Patreon,
       | Kickstarter, Twitch, YouTube, etc.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | >I still think the long tail of creators and artists have more
         | influence in the society than they had in the 2000s and before.
         | 
         | Yes, even if discovery of things in the long tail, much less
         | creators profiting from it, is difficult, it's hard to accept
         | the claim that it's _more_ fringe today than it was 25 years
         | ago when it might not have been created at all or would only
         | have been shared with a small, local audience.
        
       | zuminator wrote:
       | At the very least this essay is disingenuous. Gioia claims,"The
       | Hollywood studios are even more obsessed with the Short Tail than
       | the streaming platforms. Back in 2006, Anderson predicted the
       | _End of the Blockbuster_ --but what has happened since then? "
       | 
       | What Anderson actually wrote: "For _music_ , at least, this looks
       | like the end of the blockbuster era." [my italics]
       | 
       | Music and film are entirely different. For one thing, a newly
       | released song on Spotify is entirely identical, bar recency, to a
       | 30 year old song, they're both 4Mb aac files or whatever. Whereas
       | the theatrical release at a cinema is qualitatively a much
       | different experience to streaming on your iPad, even if the
       | underlying media is identical. Anyway by their nature, just
       | looking at contemporary theatrical releases in isolation doesn't
       | work, because the long tail argument is about the back catalog
       | and niche releases. If you include the back catalog, i.e.
       | theatrical releases + streaming movies + DVDs purchases/rentals,
       | then long tail still holds, and you can see that by the steadily
       | decreasing share of revenue that the theater has versus all
       | outlets. The North American domestic box office has plummeted
       | since COVID, but taking the last normal year, 2019, it stood at
       | $11 billion. Compare that with Netflix revenue of $20 billion.
       | Not apples to apples, since Netflix is global, it has its own
       | blockbusters, and its catalog is increasingly non-theatrical in
       | appeal. But there are also plenty of other streaming services.
       | All things considered, I think it's fair to still conclude that
       | that smaller, niche product and back catalog continues to eat
       | away at an increasing share of total revenue.
       | 
       | Parenthetically, I just have to say I'm annoyed by Gioia's whole
       | "Honest Broker" shtick. A true straight shooter doesn't have to
       | advertise their honesty, they just speak their minds and others
       | will see the truth for themselves. It feels a bit astroturfy how
       | much play this guy gets on HN. For hot takes on a 16 year old
       | book?
        
       | Apocryphon wrote:
       | One thing absent from this discussion is all of these platforms-
       | Amazon, Netflix, YouTube, TikTok, _can choose to foster the long
       | tail or not._ Meaning, they are so vast and full of content that
       | they must internally promote their content via internal ads,
       | product spotlights, deals, and the almighty algorithm.
       | 
       | So perhaps that's worth examining. These aren't neutral
       | marketplaces. They can actively promote the short tail
       | blockbuster content, or reach into the long tail and highlight
       | obscure choices.
        
       | mindvirus wrote:
       | I hear what the author is trying to say, and I might be missing
       | the point, but it seems counter to what I've seen. In agreement
       | that it's important though. Blockbuster movies by definition
       | aren't the long tail.
       | 
       | There are tons of examples of it:
       | 
       | - music, as the author points out. Kpop popularity in the west is
       | probably a big example, but also artists getting famous on
       | SoundCloud.
       | 
       | - video games are another place where there are a ton of indie
       | studios doing their thing. The other day there was a post about
       | Zachtronics.
       | 
       | - Books, we've seen several self publishing success stories on
       | Kindle and others. Amazon claims more and more people are making
       | over $50K on KDP.
       | 
       | - products, we see tons of success on Kickstarter and similar
       | places. Pebble or Remarkable are two examples that come to mind.
       | 
       | My take, maybe counter to the author, is that the long tail is
       | there but it's huge, but any individual thing - product, game,
       | etc - seems small, unless it's a hit in which case it's not the
       | tail anymore.
        
         | zumu wrote:
         | I generally agree, but with one caveat.
         | 
         | > music, as the author points out. Kpop popularity in the west
         | is probably a big example, but also artists getting famous on
         | SoundCloud.
         | 
         | Kpop is manufactured to formula by record labels and is being
         | aggressively marketed worldwide. It is very big business and
         | increasingly mainstream. It is analogous to 'blockbuster
         | movies', demonstrating the consolidation of content providers
         | and world interests. Soundcloud artists on the other hand are
         | very long tail.
         | 
         | This is a good example of the dichotomy I see going on. The
         | long tail is still alive and well, but there's a bit of
         | consolidation in the traditional media industries, Hollywood,
         | the big music labels, AAA games, etc. While, self publishing
         | platforms like YouTube, SoundCloud, Patreon, Steam, etc. are
         | where the long tail thrives.
        
         | wongarsu wrote:
         | The last one or two decades really solved a lot of distribution
         | problems of the long tail. You can not make a decent living
         | playing live medieval tavern music on Twitch (and supplement
         | with income from Spotify). Or make a living drawing fanart with
         | DeviantArt and Patreon, publish your indie game on Steam and
         | consoles with relative ease, get books printed in runs of 100
         | copies, instead of tens of thousands.
         | 
         | The thing the author misses is that they are looking at what
         | big companies are doing. But big companies aren't well suited
         | for serving the long tail, because there are fewer economies of
         | scale in doing that. The vast majority of supply in the long
         | tail comes from individuals or small companies, often people
         | who start it as a hobby and notice there's enough money to do
         | it full time.
         | 
         | And the economics work out, because the more underserved a
         | niche the higher the prices that are acceptable. A teddy bear
         | at the corner shop is $10, but plushies in fandoms where little
         | official merchandise exists go for ten to fifty times that.
        
           | syntheweave wrote:
           | I agree and see the long tail primarily as a "phase shift"
           | from firms back to individuals.
           | 
           | Niche works used to be indulged by media corporations as
           | gambles. They would let the whole thing be fully produced
           | right from the beginning, though often compromising authorial
           | vision in the process or pulling the plug early. Then
           | audiences would gamble with cash to view the work.
           | Occasionally one broke through and you had a surprise
           | blockbuster.
           | 
           | Now much more is in the hands of the actual creator, and more
           | stuff is "view for free" and payment is more often driven by
           | secondary merchandising, creating community space or other
           | elements that are ancillary to the work. The average
           | production quality is lower and the medium is often platform
           | defined(social media engagement is now a major component of
           | audience building), but as a creator you have a gamut of
           | choices to stitch together into some business - often one
           | that bypasses gatekeepers. While blockbusters still exist,
           | they're "hollowed out" because most of their good ideas have
           | to be borrowed now.
           | 
           | The actual market for the content only became bigger to the
           | extent that we can saturate our eyeballs.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | > You can not make a decent living playing live medieval
           | tavern music on Twitch
           | 
           | Typo? Did you mean "now" rather than "not"?
        
         | olalonde wrote:
         | To add to your examples, there are now a bunch of independent
         | content creators making a living from platforms like YouTube,
         | Twitch, OnlyFans, etc.
        
         | XCSme wrote:
         | I feel the same: the long tail is there but it's too long, so
         | it becomes very thin. There are A LOT more content creatores
         | today than 10 or 20 years ago.
        
           | api wrote:
           | This is the reality. The tail is much longer and thinner.
           | 
           | I get the feeling that the author is mourning the great late
           | 20th century counterculture movements. They are worth missing
           | as they did produce a ton of creativity, but the thing is
           | that there were never many of them.
           | 
           | There were maybe a dozen tops: hippies, hip hop, goth, rave,
           | punk, a few smaller or shorter lived ones.
           | 
           | Today there are thousands. There is no identifiable
           | counterculture because there are too many to count and they
           | are always popping up and dying off. I guess you could say
           | there is one counterculture and it's the long tail itself.
           | 
           | As usual William Gibson, the single most prophetic sci-fi
           | writer, got the feel of it (but not the specifics):
           | 
           | "Summer in the Sprawl, the mall crowds swaying like wind
           | blown grass, a field of flesh shot through with sudden eddies
           | of need and gratification." - William Gibson, Neuromancer
           | 
           | There's a dozen more quotes like that. That's the first one
           | that came to mind.
        
       | jrmg wrote:
       | The irony of writing an article about the long tail being a myth
       | on a niche substack blog...
        
       | hamiltonians wrote:
       | same for:
       | 
       | 10,000 hours
       | 
       | grit/growth mindset
       | 
       | 1000 true fans
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | bryanlarsen wrote:
       | Netflix and Disney are the head. TikTok and YouTube are the tail.
       | The head may be bigger, but the tail is certainly thriving.
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
       | Most of the early internet pop culture ideas were very wrong.
       | 
       | They had zero grounding in the reality around them.
       | 
       | The subculture of saying the Internet is what they wanted it to
       | be was what everyone worshipped. Clay and Cory and co.
       | 
       | Dreams like the Semantic web and "The Internet Perceives
       | Censorship as Damage and Routes Around It"
       | 
       | Long tail being wrong is an interesting call.
       | 
       | I'd say probably correct. It went mid tail.
       | 
       | I have a "Birds aren't real tshirt" (I couldn't get a Red Dwarf
       | t-shirt pre internet) but zero t-shirts of local businesses.
       | 
       | Don't care about bands down the road anymore but listen to
       | African hackers songs about 411.
       | 
       | This topic needs more thought. It still might go from mid to long
       | tail.
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | 419?
        
           | aaron695 wrote:
        
         | njharman wrote:
         | > "The Internet Perceives Censorship as Damage and Routes
         | Around It"
         | 
         | That's true and actually happened. What was (and still is)
         | naive is people believe technology some how trumps "power".
         | That those in power won't use their power to remain in power.
         | 
         | "Power perceives challenge to that power as damage and routes
         | around it"
         | 
         | E.g. abuse copyright to silence, manipulate public outrage to
         | force social media to censor themselves, to enact "blue
         | checkmarks" and "trusted news sources", to clear cut our rights
         | in the name of "protecting" us from pedophiles or terrorism.
        
       | tharne wrote:
       | Fear not, the long tail is alive and well. It's just not where
       | the author is looking for it. This has to do with the flippening
       | that has taken place in recent history and has not been widely
       | acknowledged.
       | 
       | For decades practically everything counter culture came from the
       | left, while the right represented the establishment. So much so
       | that we came to believe that the left _was_ by it 's very nature
       | counter-cultural, and the right _was_ by _it 's_ very nature pro-
       | establishment.
       | 
       | But something funny happened along the way. The left become
       | dominant in virtually every cultural power center in America: the
       | media, music, film and TV, the tech giants, publishing, etc. The
       | problem is neither the left nor the right have genuinely digested
       | this change. You see high-powered attorney's and corporate execs
       | driving their 6-figure Telsa SUV's with "Resist" stickers on the
       | back, as if they were some sort of scrappy underdog sticking it
       | to "the man".
       | 
       | There is a vibrant counter culture in America right now, it's
       | just mostly on the cultural and political right. Think of the
       | "intellectual dark web", or the fact that small indie right-wing
       | publishers have popped up and conservatives are trying to create
       | an alternative to big tech with things like Gab, Parler, and
       | Truth Social. A lot these things have, or will, fail, but some
       | will not. A lot of these things are also downright awful and
       | generally offensive, but they _are_ counter-cultural and designed
       | to appeal to the long part of the tail.
       | 
       | There are even whole series of children's books designed for
       | conservatives. If a children's book about Amy Coney Barret isn't
       | the definition of a long-tail product, then I don't know what is.
       | 
       | The author's mistake is that he doesn't realize that he and
       | people like him, _are_ the establishment so they don 't see a lot
       | of the stuff in the long tail, simply because it's not meant for
       | them and others living in the short tail of things. There's
       | nothing wrong with being part of the establishment, it's just
       | never been considered very cool, so everyone wants to think
       | they're counter cultural.
        
       | crmd wrote:
       | The long tail would be lucrative to middle class artists if my
       | monthly $9.99 (minus Spotify's profit) was divided evenly amongst
       | the tracks I streamed last month. But that is not how it works.
       | Instead, those artists get fractions of a penny so Spotify can do
       | 8-10 figure business development deals with top 20 artists and
       | their labels in order to get the blockbuster content.
        
       | hamstergene wrote:
       | The author has oversimplified complex world into something
       | simple, as simple as possible, and wrong.
       | 
       | It costs almost nothing for a music service to add a niche album.
       | That's why they do it: if you type a search query in a foreign
       | language into US streaming account, you will find bands
       | irrelevant to 99.995% of US users. This music may have less
       | "groomed" metadata than the Short Tail, but there is little
       | reason for a streaming service to not want it.
       | 
       | The same could be true for movies, but it's not. Maybe because
       | production costs a lot regardless of the movie will be successful
       | or not. Or because movies are for one-time consumption, unlike
       | music. Also copyright owners try to steal subscribers from
       | Netflix to their own app, which is easier to pull with several
       | studios than with millions of artists.
       | 
       | YouTube, Twitch, TikTok, OnlyFans are examples of alive and
       | prospering Long Tail.
       | 
       | I really doubt that Kindle store will ever start charging more
       | for publishing books that target less than two dozens of readers.
       | 
       | Whatever is going on, it is most definitely not as trivial as
       | "living in the world of Short Tail".
        
       | lumost wrote:
       | The challenge is that any mechanism to pay for failures is
       | quickly disappearing for the knowledge economy.
       | 
       | If you have an unpredictable hit/win rate, the historically best
       | strategy was to bulk up more hits/wins into a larger entity with
       | predictable returns. Many business models today either capitalize
       | on the transaction volume ala app stores or focus on lock in via
       | branding like the MCU.
       | 
       | If you make an OK movie or app these days the value is
       | effectively 0.
        
       | anothernewdude wrote:
       | This is largely why I don't watch movies, TV or listen to new
       | music anymore.
       | 
       | Everything seems either lazily targeted to some large group of
       | viewers, and the rest of production doesn't matter anymore. I'm
       | not even sure some of the creators of these things know why
       | people would like the paints their algorithms are telling them to
       | paint in the numbered areas.
        
         | oneoff786 wrote:
         | This takeaway is pretty much the exact opposite of what's going
         | on. The algorithmic content chases mass appeal and large
         | demographics. The long tail is niche independent artists doing
         | their own thing and is, for them, commercially really small.
        
           | mola wrote:
           | I'm not sure that's true. The short circuit between
           | production and feedback (YouTube studio analytics, etc) are
           | causing a lot of the small creators to optimize for whatever
           | fluke that got them famous, and then replicate it again and
           | again and again. It feels like what happened is that the
           | tools the big shots were using (test audiences etc) were
           | democratized and now most of the long tail is playing the
           | same game. Optimizing for some (local) lowest common
           | denominator and treating their creations as a commodities and
           | not as art.
        
       | abetusk wrote:
       | I think there's an interesting question (and answer) in this
       | article but the author doesn't make it.
       | 
       | Here's what I believe to be the fundamental error the author is
       | making as highlighted by this throwaway line:
       | 
       | """ ... The distribution is not quite that precise. Sometimes you
       | will see a 90/10 relationship or a 75/25 split. But the key
       | finding is that every activity is concentrated among heavy users
       | and popular products. """
       | 
       | If the split goes down to 60/40 (40% sales lead to 60% profits),
       | this starts getting into "real" money in terms of trying to
       | capture the other 40% of the profits. Any overhead in terms of
       | distribution, discovery, labor, rent, etc. will eat into that
       | profit pushing it towards more of a 80/20 rule, or even 90/10.
       | 
       | The talk of "long tail" in this context is noticing that iTunes,
       | Netflix and Amazon don't need brick and mortar real estate, don't
       | need warehouses of inventory (in some cases), don't need
       | expensive distribution channels, etc. All those extra costs
       | diminish profits. If the marginal costs of storage and
       | distribution drop drastically this effectively changies the 80/20
       | rule into a 60/40 one, allowing them to not only reduce the
       | reliance on "superstar" sellers by changing the proportion but
       | also access the remaining tail of consumers.
       | 
       | To further highlight the author's misread, here's another
       | excerpt:
       | 
       | """ The digital world hardly changes this equation. Even if
       | Amazon doesn't operate stores, it still has expenses (rent,
       | labor, etc.), not much different than a bookstore. """
       | 
       | I'm not sure Borders or Barnes and Nobles ever broke double digit
       | billions of worth. Amazon is values at over a trillion dollars.
       | 
       | It's not that the author is incorrect, the equation is the same,
       | but the generalization of the equation and it's realization seems
       | to be lost on the author. The 80/20 rule can actually be 60/40.
       | To say that Amazon is not much different than a bookstore is like
       | saying a solar system is not much different than a galaxy. Yes,
       | they still obey rules of physics but the scale and scope of
       | relevant details are vastly different.
       | 
       | But, this is all a guess on my part. I think it's easy enough to
       | debunk the article on various aspects. Mostly this can come down
       | to what a good definition of "long tail" is and what you're
       | actually trying to point out.
       | 
       | I do think there is a question underlying the article that should
       | be answered. I think the better question is "Is the 80/20 rule a
       | convergent rule, or can it go down to 60/40 (say) and what are
       | the conditions in which this rule manifests?".
       | 
       | There's also the question of how much resources to devote to
       | providing "long tail" access to whatever product you're selling
       | or market you're in and even if the ratio can be changed from
       | 80/20 to 60/40, say.
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | I don't agree with his interpretation. As I understand it, the
       | long tail as applied to business just means that there is a
       | significant chunk of the market made up of a big number of small
       | items. You wouldn't try to disprove this by showing that
       | blockbuster movie releases make up a huge portion of the movie
       | industry, or that Spotify is a big player in the music industry,
       | or that Amazon is a big player in the retail space, because the
       | long tail doesn't preclude those things.
       | 
       | If you wanted to argue against the existence of a long tail,
       | you'd say something like "if Netflix got rid of everything except
       | a few, very successful movies, their subscription revenue
       | wouldn't change much", or "most people who pay for Spotify would
       | keep paying even if the least popular 95% of the artists left" or
       | "people don't value the fact that they can buy pretty much
       | anything they can think of on Amazon," all of which seem like
       | obviously incorrect statements (with no data on my part to back
       | that up).
       | 
       | The existence of aggregators doesn't disprove the long tail, you
       | just have to talk about the long tail in terms of what people do
       | inside those aggregators.
        
       | iandanforth wrote:
       | I regularly watch economically prosperous content on youtube that
       | would have had zero chance of distribution 10 years ago. I also
       | watch available but not prosperous content that would never have
       | left people's imaginations or living-rooms. I have access to a
       | wealth and variety of content today that I didn't imagine when I
       | was in college.
       | 
       | The long tail is alive and well and the OP is incorrect.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Yep, author doesn't even mention YouTube. I have found more art
         | and artists via YouTube than I have from Disney.
         | 
         | He talks about the "long tail" but then turns around and talks
         | about mainstream (ha ha) companies like Netflix, talks about
         | "Hollywood", etc. The long tail is not going to come from
         | corporate America, and never was.
        
         | jollybean wrote:
         | Yes, but it's a much longer and flatter tail.
        
         | bricemo wrote:
         | Agree. This article is saying Head content is still king. That
         | is true. But The Long Tail wasn't necessarily about the long
         | tail being bigger than head. It was that long tail was viable
         | at all.
         | 
         | I don't see how anyone can argue against there being more
         | choice than ever before across all sectors of products and
         | content.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | >But The Long Tail wasn't necessarily about the long tail
           | being bigger than head. It was that long tail was viable at
           | all.
           | 
           | Anderson's point was somewhat different as I recall. It
           | wasn't that individual long tail content is necessarily
           | financially viable for its creators. (Which seems mostly true
           | even if there are some breakouts who wouldn't have existed at
           | least in the same form 25 years ago.) It's that long tail
           | content in aggregate could be financially viable for
           | distributors and other sellers--which seems at least somewhat
           | true.
           | 
           | With a hindsight lens, you could argue that the long tail was
           | about profiting off the labor of free and low-paid content
           | creation--although a somewhat counterargument is that
           | consumers get a lot of value too and much of the content is
           | stuff that would never have seen the light of day at least
           | beyond a tiny circle of friends and fans in past times.
        
             | JKCalhoun wrote:
             | > It's that long tail content in aggregate could be
             | financially viable for distributors and other sellers--
             | which seems at least somewhat true
             | 
             | I don't disagree with that point, rather I never cared that
             | the long tail would be "financially viable for
             | distributors". In fact, I suppose I prefer that it is not
             | viable for them.
             | 
             | Long live the long tail!
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Well, if it weren't financially viable for the
               | distributors, the long tail wouldn't really be accessible
               | beyond mostly local audiences--as was the case before the
               | mid 90s or so.
               | 
               | If long tail content isn't financially viable for
               | YouTube, then YouTube either doesn't exist, charges for
               | hosting, or gatekeeps.
        
             | galaxyLogic wrote:
             | I think what happened is that since YouTube makes its
             | business with advertisements which are "free" for the
             | users, users get accustomed to the idea that content should
             | be free. That lowers the quality of the music because why
             | invest more in quality than what is needed to provide free
             | convent.
             | 
             | If nobody is paying for it except with their eye-balls how
             | much should you expect to profit, and thus how much should
             | you invest in producing your content? Not much hence
             | quality goes down and everybody suffers from poor cultural
             | offerings.
        
             | hamburglar wrote:
             | > [the point was] that long tail content in aggregate could
             | be financially viable for distributors and other sellers--
             | which seems at least somewhat true.
             | 
             | Bandcamp has always been pretty transparent about their
             | sales numbers and they are at $200 million annually now.
             | They are about as "long tail" as it gets.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Yes, Bandcamp is a pretty good example of a fairly pure
               | long tail aggregator. They're a private company but they
               | seem to be _modestly_ profitable. Which I guess can be
               | glass half full or half empty depending on your
               | perspective. i.e. you can make money for yourself and for
               | at least some long tail artists, but it 's not
               | blockbuster returns.
        
               | hamburglar wrote:
               | I think I'm really done with the idea of success being a
               | unicorn company. Bandcamp profitably supports something
               | like 100 employees and makes thousands of indie musicians
               | a significant amount of money. That feels like a smashing
               | success to me. I don't need a private island.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | I for one love it.
           | 
           | Forums for sci-model builders -- where kit-makers can sell
           | you a resin kit made in their garage of Luke Skywalker's
           | "T-167 Sky Hopper" (or whatever).
           | 
           | Electronic kits you would not have found in Radio Shack:
           | Kim-1 replicas, Apple-I replicas, a SCSI emulator for vintage
           | computers, etc.
           | 
           | Fan films that you would have been lucky to catch at a sci-fi
           | convention are now a click away on YouTube.
           | 
           | And never mind how many of these garage kits, fan films, etc,
           | would have even been produced if there were not a niche forum
           | where these could be sold/displayed.
        
         | throwk8s wrote:
         | I don't think that necessarily contradicts his point.
         | 
         | It may be the case that the long tail/niche
         | market/counterculture market is also winner-take-all [1], so
         | that non-mainstream content is much more available, yet almost
         | no one actually producing such content can really make a living
         | at it.
         | 
         | [1] Per the article, in the context of "solving a Long Tail
         | problem": "And when I looked at products instead, I found the
         | same distribution: 80% of sales came from 20% of the products."
        
         | cs137 wrote:
         | _I regularly watch economically prosperous content on youtube
         | that would have had zero chance of distribution 10 years ago._
         | 
         | The game is different and it's too early to tell if things are
         | better now than before. We're seeing a lot of no-talent rich
         | kids ("influencers") as they take over the commons. Facebook
         | used to be a way that anyone, in theory, could gain social
         | influence. Now, it seems to ratify one's lack of influence; if
         | people (e.g., employers, literary agents) look you up on
         | Twitter and see less than 5,000 followers, they assume they can
         | get away with shit.
         | 
         | This being said, I think we are past the nadir. We're going
         | from an age in which we had incompetent curators to one in
         | which we don't know who the curators are. As they say about
         | traditional vs. self-publishing, the problem for self-
         | publishing is that there are no gatekeepers, and the problem
         | with traditional publishing is that it has lousy gatekeepers
         | (lousy because they care more about short-term marketability
         | than literary merit). How this is all going to shake out is
         | anybody's guess.
         | 
         | What concerns me is the amount of power tech companies now
         | have. It's great that a talented nobody can become a Youtube
         | star, at least now... but what happens if Youtube decides to
         | change its algorithm to punish leftist content? How do we
         | prevent spurious copyright strikes? How do people who are de-
         | platformed for illegitimate reasons (this literally happened to
         | me) seek justice? How do we make sure we're not just building
         | another reputation market that rich people will corner? That's
         | what the tech companies want, after all, for the sole reason
         | that it's most profitable.
        
         | uwuemu wrote:
         | Just look at platforms like Patreon, Subscribestar, Twitch,
         | Onlyfans etc. (these days also Youtube with members and
         | superchats). Hell, ironically enough (given the OP), even
         | substack. These are the places where having just 500-1000
         | supporters can set you up for a VERY comfortable living, and
         | mostly with no need for advertisement driven business (if you
         | don't want to). That's where the long tail is and it's
         | healthier than ever before.
        
           | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
           | Long tails have been around for a long time.
           | 
           | If you worked out how to crack the distributor game, you
           | could make a VERY comfortable living back in the 90s
           | producing mediocre dance music under many different names.
           | 
           | You could make a VERY comfortable living as a writer in 80s
           | and 90s writing for niche literary or special interest
           | magazines. Or producing mid-market fiction. Especially
           | romantic novels.
           | 
           | Until around 2000, you could make a VERY comfortable living
           | as a competent but not outstanding orchestral sessions
           | musician, as long as you lived in one of the bigger music
           | cities (London, LA, NY, Tokyo, Berlin.) Until around 2010,
           | likewise for pop session musicians (add Nashville and a few
           | others.)
           | 
           | Most of those opportunities have disappeared.
           | 
           | The Long Tail hasn't added anything. It has shuffled around
           | the opportunities. So now you can make a VERY comfortable
           | living as a niche YouTube star, as long as you're the right
           | kind of extrovert and - ideally - at least a little good
           | looking.
           | 
           | And so on for all the other current market slots.
           | 
           | They're not really new at all - just updated variations on
           | the old "self-employed creative" roles which happen to favour
           | a different set of skills.
        
             | mypalmike wrote:
             | Thank you. This validates my decision not to become a
             | competent violist. When I see orchestras play, I sometimes
             | wonder if I could have made a career of it.
        
             | abetusk wrote:
             | The point isn't that the long tail hadn't existed before,
             | it's that more people have access to it through new
             | technology. In other words, it's the difference of
             | approximating a probability distribution with 1 billion
             | points instead of 1 million.
             | 
             | Before the internet, long tail effects were present with
             | the 1M that could get past the gauntlet of labels and
             | distribution conglomerates. After the internet, musicians
             | had better avenues to get money more directly from fans and
             | fans had better tools for discovery.
             | 
             | You characterize it as being a zero-sum game but I don't
             | believe this is right. I think it's easier now than ever to
             | generate a (small, potentially liveable) income stream from
             | 'mediocre dance music', niche writer, etc.
             | 
             | There are more full-time musicians and musicians earning a
             | living than there were 20 years ago [0] [1]. This is
             | directly due to the internet being the distribution
             | channel.
             | 
             | I would imagine other fields have been effected similarly
             | though I haven't seen a broad study.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.techdirt.com/2013/05/30/massive-growth-
             | independe...
             | 
             | [1] https://www.rollingstone.com/pro/features/raine-group-
             | indepe...
        
             | benreesman wrote:
             | I had to explain to someone younger than me why my
             | bookshelf has a bunch of signed first editions of like Jay
             | McInerny and Brett Easton Ellis and Tama Janawitz. It's not
             | because it's landmark writing (I have a soft spot for it
             | but I'm honest enough to admit that's just quirk, not
             | literary analysis).
             | 
             | But I can read those things on the Kidle app mostly. I own
             | the books, which were not expensive in money but we're in
             | effort, because they remind me that in living memory you
             | could be a rockstar celebrity from _writing books_. I'm not
             | making a moral judgement, maybe I'm just dating myself, but
             | that's just important to me.
        
           | rob74 wrote:
           | Also, niche acts on Spotify, Bandcamp etc. - they can now
           | theoretically reach much larger audiences. Of course, the
           | downside is that there are also a lot of other acts to
           | compete with, so the odds of "breaking out" of the long tail
           | are not really good. And I'm not sure how much artists with
           | 10 to 30 000 "monthly listeners" earn on Spotify. Probably
           | not enough to make a living...
        
             | JKCalhoun wrote:
             | Breaking out of the long tail _never_ had good odds.
             | 
             | I suspect the investment though for indie bands now is a
             | lot cheaper (cheaper than say filling up the van at every
             | college-town stop).
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | What good is investment if there is no revenue? The best
               | way for indie bands to make money is still touring and
               | merch. So unless they're one of the lucky breakout acts,
               | they _still_ have to invest in filling up the van. And
               | even relatively successful indie albums make little money
               | in royalties from streaming.
        
               | chiefalchemist wrote:
               | Yes. But that model applies to every one. That is, the
               | lower bar leads to more noise (read: crap bands) and morw
               | competition).
               | 
               | Easy means, less effort. Less effort means less
               | creativity.
               | 
               | It's a race to the bottom.
        
               | JKCalhoun wrote:
               | There's still a hurdle -- artists still have to be
               | prolific and have the drive/energy to record/edit/upload.
               | That alone filters out most of the noise.
               | 
               | Lacking a long tail, culture becomes a race to the banal.
        
               | chiefalchemist wrote:
               | Prolific has nothing to do with quality.
               | 
               | I sold music (i.e. dance / electronic music) from 1990
               | (pre-internet) and into the mid+ 00s. I saw what easier
               | production and easier distribution did for quality.
               | 
               | Ask any DJ who has lived long enough, and no one will
               | tell you there's less noise.
        
               | JKCalhoun wrote:
               | I don't doubt there's more noise (I wasn't arguing there
               | wasn't -- rather that there is still a hurdle).
               | 
               | The alternative is worse though.
        
               | chiefalchemist wrote:
               | If there's an excess of noise, then there is no effective
               | hurdle. A bit of natural unavoidable friction (e.g.,
               | uploading song) is not a hurdle.
               | 
               | We do have more choice. Unfortunately, there's been a
               | disproportunate increase in friction / noise.
               | 
               | A net loss, which supports the article's theory.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | So, if every 30,000 monthly listener on Spotify listens to
             | 10 songs on average they'll earn about $1300 per month by
             | my calculation. Of course, playing weekend gigs at your
             | local bar or college party didn't earn you a living either.
        
               | galaxyLogic wrote:
               | In NYC a typical bar-band gets one free bear per player,
               | sometimes not even that.
        
               | achenet wrote:
               | What type of bear? Polar bear? Grizzly bear?
               | 
               | just kidding, I'm almost sure you meant beer ;)
        
         | newsclues wrote:
         | Are those content creators being fairly rewarded?
        
           | egypturnash wrote:
           | I have about 100 supporters on Patreon and this makes enough
           | money for me to cover my bills, and spend my days swanning
           | aimlessly about my town's cafes and parks, drawing whatever I
           | want to draw. About 15% of what I make goes to Patron and
           | payment processing.
        
           | yashasolutions wrote:
           | Define fair. Also, not sure fair is even the goal for many of
           | them. If you want to maximize your revenue, you are nearly
           | always better off on your own platform. So these platform
           | take a cut and it is left to the user to make a choice if
           | it's worth it.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | What's "fair"? More people are getting their work seen than
           | ever. But there's no law that if you create something people
           | are going to pay you for it. That's never been the case.
        
           | Icathian wrote:
           | It's hard to get real numbers from across the spectrum but
           | the short answer is that the popular ones are doing very
           | well. I posted a link on HN to a Magic the Gathering YouTube
           | streamer doing an incredibly transparent breakdown of his
           | income. If you want hard numbers (albeit with a sample size
           | of 1) that'd be a good place to start.
        
         | arka2147483647 wrote:
         | Many of the successful YouTube creators seem to me to be of the
         | type "somebody in a room, with a camera, Play Button on an Ikea
         | shelf". Looks like moderate middle-class trappings.
         | 
         | If that is successful, what does the long tail look like?
         | 
         | I mean, there are a lot of people making videos. But I don't
         | really believe many of those get their full income from it.
        
           | orthoxerox wrote:
           | The long tail looks exactly like that, but without a Play
           | Button. Luck aside, rewards are usually exponential. Is a
           | breakout vlogger with a million subscribers a hundred times
           | better than one with ten thousand? Is he even ten times
           | better?
        
           | notatoad wrote:
           | part of that is just the youtuber aesthetic. MKBHD basically
           | looks like that, but i don't think there's any doubt that
           | he's making good money off youtube
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | mcv wrote:
       | The observation that big business will be most interested in
       | serving big numbers of mainstream customers with cookie-cutter
       | blockbusters sounds trivially obvious to me.
       | 
       | The issue with the Web isn't that it makes big business more
       | interested in serving niche interests, it's that it's somewhat
       | easier for niche publishers to compete with them. And sometimes
       | even on big business infrastructure! Writers self-publishing
       | their e-books on Amazon, bands and other small content-creators
       | reaching fans on YouTube. There's lots of that, and it's great,
       | but it's never going to sell as big as the mainstream, because if
       | it did, it would be the mainstream. Didn't Justin Bieber start
       | out on YouTube too?
        
         | tgflynn wrote:
         | Yes, there seems to be a bait and switch going on in this
         | article. You can't conclude that the "long tail" is dying
         | because big business isn't investing in it. The real questions
         | we should be asking are is the content being produced and are
         | those who produce it able to make a living.
         | 
         | It's harder to be sure about the second question but from what
         | I've seen the answer to the first question is definitely yes.
         | 
         | I have yet to find an interest so obscure that you can't find
         | multiple high quality YouTube channels covering it. Want to
         | listen to a recitation of the Iliad in Homeric Greek ? It's
         | there. Want to watch a 2 hour video on configuring emacs ?
         | You're covered.
        
       | hedora wrote:
       | I started skimming halfway through, but I didn't see any evidence
       | in the article to support its central claim.
       | 
       | What percentage of revenue / consumption is going to long tail
       | content now, and how has that changed over time?
       | 
       | I watch lots of recent movies on mainstream streaming services,
       | and haven't heard of any of the sequels in the article's top ten
       | list.
       | 
       | Heck, I even mostly watch science fiction / action stuff, and
       | passed on most of the things those movies are sequels of. I can't
       | be alone in my viewing habits.
        
       | bryanlarsen wrote:
       | For a compare and contrast, look at Adam Savage's career.
       | Mythbusters was the rare example of a niche product that managed
       | to break through to mainstream success.
       | 
       | It was the exception that proves the rule. It stood out because
       | there was very little like it.
       | 
       | These days you can't find anything like Mythbusters on mainstream
       | TV. But you can find thousands of similar channels on YouTube. As
       | consumers we're much better off today.
       | 
       | And as a producer, Savage's reach is far smaller than it was
       | 10-20 years ago. Yet I bet he's making more money off Patreon and
       | his YouTube channel than he did off Mythbusters.
       | 
       | The author is complaining that theatres don't play tail content
       | any more. That's because tail content is so successful they have
       | their own channels now, they don't depend on mainstream
       | distribution. Nobody looking for niche content is looking in
       | theatres, they're looking on YouTube or TikTok.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | And of course the competition from those platforms--as well as
         | other streaming platforms--means that there are a lot fewer art
         | house or back catalog theatres than there used to be. So what
         | "long tail" theatres did exist, mostly in large cities, mostly
         | don't any longer which means theatres are more about
         | blockbuster content than ever.
        
       | bjourne wrote:
       | The long tail hypothesis went as follows. Plot a curve with
       | products in descending order of popularity on the x axis and
       | units sold (or other equivalent metrics such as downloads or
       | views) on the y axis. The curve will approximate an exponentially
       | decreasing function. As the cost of keeping inventory decreases,
       | the curve will become more shallow. I.e the fraction of the
       | curve's total area under the first x% will decrease. This
       | hypothesis was utterly wrong and for most products the curve has
       | become peakier (sharper) not shallower.
       | 
       | I think people who comment haven't read Anderson's book - in
       | hindsight it is laughable how wrong he was.
        
       | woopwoop wrote:
       | I've never heard of this person, but I read most of their
       | article. Kind of defeats their point, no?
        
       | ggambetta wrote:
       | Hasn't this become true to some extent, though? We have a
       | nontrivial amount of people making a living off their YouTube
       | channel, or their Twitch streams, or their Patreon patrons, or
       | Kickstarter, that didn't have access to a global audience 10 or
       | 20 years ago.
       | 
       | Even I had moderate success developing videogames in the early
       | 2000s that were definitely part of the long tail; my CG book and
       | my multiplayer articles have found a global if very niche
       | audience. Some of my other projects, like the novel or the movie,
       | haven't, but it's more about their quality and my marketing
       | skills than about not having access.
        
       | pnf wrote:
       | Mainstream culture is going to be dominated by consolidated media
       | companies until we go back to decentralized, disconnected
       | medieval village life. (Whether that's desirable or whether the
       | path there is survivable is another question.) But when have
       | there been more subcultures in the past decades than now? It's
       | just that they are so niche as to be boring to almost everyone
       | not into them. But for the chosen few, there will often be a
       | commercial element to their interest that is sustaining the
       | "creators". Maybe not to the middle class lifestyle as the author
       | laments. But what does that even mean anymore? Still, there are
       | many people living independently, supported by their small
       | audiences. That is new.
        
       | kromem wrote:
       | There's so much wrong with this piece it's mind blowing.
       | 
       | I'm not sure where the author got the impression that the long
       | tail promised sustainable income for long tail content creators -
       | that was always antithetical to the concept.
       | 
       | But if we look at YouTube's 6.9 billion in revenue for Q1 '22 vs
       | Netflix's 7.9 billion in Q1 '22 it sure looks like the long tail
       | still has a seat at the table.
       | 
       | And it's about to explode.
       | 
       | The problem with the long tail was the expense of content
       | generation.
       | 
       | We live in an age where long tail artists get paid to create VERY
       | specific rule 34 erotic art for extremely unique fetishes - but
       | it necessitates the desire for that art to exist to be greater
       | than the threshold of the cost to create it.
       | 
       | But the eventual erotic allowed version of DALL-E 2 is going to
       | make SO MUCH bizarre porn at the cost of cents.
       | 
       | The long tail is precisely the part of the curve that's going to
       | be most impacted by the coming tsunami of change AI is going to
       | bring.
       | 
       | Why hire a service that has a C-list celebrity leave a happy
       | birthday greeting for a loved one at $500 (current long tail)
       | when you can have voice synthesis create an identical sounding
       | result from an AAA celebrity (or extremely niche favorite
       | celebrity of your loved one) for $0.005?
       | 
       | The long tail hasn't failed. It's still doing pretty fantastic.
       | 
       | This article not only falsely predicts the death of the long
       | tail, it fails to recognize that the long tail is about to hit
       | puberty.
        
       | quadhome wrote:
       | What if the Long Tail was effectively creative venture capitalism
       | in the era of cheap money?
       | 
       | Does that mean media and culture re-centralise in a recession?
       | 
       | The author makes predicts that Spotify will follow other
       | aggregators and reduce its catalogue to blockbusters. We'll see!
        
       | fullshark wrote:
       | The long tail has never been stronger, the paradox is the head
       | has also never been stronger in terms of attracting advertising
       | dollars + cultural head space BECAUSE the long tail has never
       | been stronger. Basically NFL/NBA and Disney properties are the
       | only things with massive cultural foot prints anymore, and are
       | more valuable for that reason (see: the movie investment portion
       | of the piece). So many conversations now with my friends about
       | pop culture and we'll mention TV shows, music, games, books, or
       | movies we're consuming, and none of us have even heard of what
       | we're talking about. That wasn't the case 20 years ago and
       | cultural fragmentation will just continue.
       | 
       | The author is basically lamenting how long tail properties used
       | to have larger cultural footprints in part because there were so
       | few of them. So the long tail has never been larger or more
       | important, but each individual member of the long tail is growing
       | weaker as the tail is growing in size.
        
         | lucas_membrane wrote:
         | Disney -- They acquired the rights to Rocky and Bullwinkle (and
         | Betty Boop, too, IIRC) simply to eliminate competition from the
         | long tail.
        
         | mumblemumble wrote:
         | If we agree that aggregators of the long tail are getting
         | stronger, then I'd argue that the long tail is also getting
         | stronger. But the medium tail might be having a hard time of
         | it.
         | 
         | Take the trajectory of my video consumption. I've never been
         | super big on mainstream culture, for whatever reason. So, with
         | some notable examples, I tend not to consume much in the way of
         | blockbuster movies or prime time TV. 25 years ago, what that
         | meant was that I was watching David Lynch movies and the like.
         | Nowadays, no studios are funding that kind of work.
         | 
         | But I've also moved further out on the tail. I'm not even sure
         | the tail went this far back when the term "long tail" was
         | coined. My favorite film I've seen so far this year was a
         | documentary that I don't think would ever have made it on to
         | the distribution networks that existed in the late 1990s.
         | (Maybe a film festival I couldn't have afforded to attend.) But
         | I was able to find it on Apple TV. And we can go even further
         | out if we look at YouTube and Vimeo. I don't know that
         | something like Motorsport Gigantoraptor or Super Sus would have
         | even been possible a quarter century ago.
        
       | mch82 wrote:
       | Edit: I've double checked & I was thinking of "Free" (2009), not
       | "Long Tail" (2006). Thank you Ghaff for pointing that out.
       | 
       | "Free" is based on the idea of selling by products or unedited
       | work at lower prices and moving up market. My comment below gives
       | an example of "Free" applied to video games.
        
         | mch82 wrote:
         | Here's what a Long Tail business model looks like in video
         | games:
         | 
         | Start working on an indie game. Along the way, record Unity
         | tutorials to begin building an audience. Post some texture
         | packs to the Unity asset store, then some level packs, then
         | some rigged and animated characters. Share some footage of test
         | gameplay. Start getting audience feedback and fans. Release
         | plot notes on the web. Maybe turn some of that into books
         | (Infinity Blade) on Kindle & iPad, where the cost to publish is
         | zero. Release the full base game as an open beta, but charge
         | for it. Release the final base game at a low price or as free
         | to play. Charge for DLC (Civ VI, StarLink) or skins (Rocket
         | League, Fortnite), or a single player campaign (Halo). Twitch
         | stream your gameplay. Once your graphics are awesome, make a
         | movie (Final Fantasy).
        
           | pixelbro wrote:
           | Why are none of the examples you mention remotely close to
           | being indie games? Those are clearly _not_ what a Long Tail
           | business model looks like in video games. That Infinity Blade
           | novella was written by _Brandon Sanderson_.
        
             | mch82 wrote:
             | My goal was to illustrate the arc, from indie bootstrap to
             | AAA success. I don't recall Chair as a AAA studio in 2010.
             | The development of PUBG, which began as a mod of another
             | game, might be a better example.
             | 
             | I did messed up here by mixing concepts from "Free" in with
             | the concepts from "Long Tail". I went back and re-read the
             | Long Tail article from WIRED and edited my patent comment
             | above to correct that error.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | As Anderson also wrote about in _Free_ there are also a lot of
         | "free" business models where you give away the blog posts,
         | ebook, etc. as essentially promotion for something else--like
         | your time as a consultant or even just your status as an
         | employee.
        
           | mch82 wrote:
           | Yes, and you've made me wonder if I may be mixing up bit of
           | Free and Long Tail. I've read and recommend both.
        
       | cudgy wrote:
       | Observation. Long-tail boutique shops curate interesting content
       | for their niche customers. Said customers buy this content from
       | large aggregators like Amazon due to lower price or delivery
       | advantages. Essentially the long-tail boutique shops serve as
       | "free" advertising for the aggregators.
       | 
       | This was the same in the early e-commerce wave of brick/mortar
       | specialty stores being eviscerated by websites due to customers
       | going to brick and mortar to physically touch and view
       | merchandise only then buy it online for a cheaper price. For
       | example, Fry's Electronics, Best Buy, Sears, etc suffered from
       | this trend.
       | 
       | Hence, the new trend toward "influencers" on social media who
       | demonstrate products and provide referral links to the big
       | aggregators instead of selling the product themselves. Some of
       | these influencers are able to brand their own products to make
       | even more money, but they are in the minority.
        
       | kqr wrote:
       | There's another side of the long tail (power law) coin: the head
       | becomes much more popular. Both extremes become more extreme, at
       | the expense of the shoulders.
       | 
       | This seems like what we see: places like YouTube allows small
       | producers to be viable with small audiences -- on the other side,
       | things like Netflix pushes generic content that you can pretty
       | much assume everyone with Netflix has seen.
        
       | seydor wrote:
       | The long tail is always temporary - a cambrian explosion followed
       | by a bottleneck that picks the winners, and the next cycle begins
        
       | bambax wrote:
       | The article conflates artists/content creators, publishers, and
       | aggregators and use one or the other when it suits its argument.
       | 
       | There are YT videos on any subject available, and then some. Many
       | people post videos that have very few views, while at the same
       | time, some creators addressing super niche content become wildly
       | successful. To pick one example among millions, The Lockpicking
       | Lawyer has become a meme ("nothing on one, click on two..."), and
       | who would argue picking locks isn't part of the Long Tail??
       | 
       | It's possible to self publish and print on demand books that
       | would never have existed before. Not in 1990, not in 2000, and
       | not even in 2010. (I published one last year, sold around 1000
       | copies: that's the Long Tail right there!)
       | 
       | Film producers are looking at hits? Of course they are. But you
       | can find shorts on Vimeo that are innovative and original, and
       | before our current age there was no way to discover such films
       | except go to festivals, and watch only the films that had been
       | selected by the organizers.
       | 
       | Etc. To argue that the Long Tail didn't pan out is simply
       | ridiculous.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | Large for-profit corporations are never going to be that
       | interested in providing anything other than a relatively small
       | range of products and services, because that's the most
       | profitable approach. If everyone drinks Coke, you can build a
       | Coke factory, develop economies of scale, and make large profits.
       | If everyone has their own unique beverage with no preservatives
       | that has a short shelf life, this doesn't scale, as now you need
       | hundreds of separate production lines for each unique beverage.
       | 
       | This also creates a desire for a homogenous population that can
       | be easily marketed to, and ideally a rather dumbed-down
       | population that can be herded like cats by AI recommendation
       | algorithms into the appropriate boxes where their buying habits
       | can be essentially dictated to them (along with their political
       | opinions, ahem). Meet the brainwashed zombies of mass
       | consumption...
       | 
       | You really have to deliberately choose to not participate in
       | this, but if you turn your back on it, you can still find lots of
       | interesting niches outside of the Amazon-Netflix-Spotify zone -
       | but nobody's getting rich out on the fringes, because margins are
       | thin and there's no economies of scale to exploit.
        
       | hintymad wrote:
       | > Alternative voices would be nurtured and flourish. Music would
       | get cooler and more surprising. Books would become more diverse
       | and interesting. Indie films would reach larger audiences. Etc.
       | etc. etc.
       | 
       | Long tail in movies/tv shows certainly does not apply to me. I
       | find my taste is amazing aligned with IMDB's cores, especially in
       | actions and thrillers. If a show has a score higher than 8.0, 99%
       | of time I'll love it. Bourne series is my favorite spy movies. I
       | can't stop watching Better Call Saul. The list can go on. On the
       | other hand, if a show's IMDB's slow is lower than 6.0, I can be
       | almost certain that I won't like it. There are a few exceptions,
       | such as Black Panther (its setup is just ridiculous, even among
       | all the supe movies), but in general long tail in entertainment
       | never worked on me or anyone I know.
        
       | toss1 wrote:
       | My first thought on reading the title was: "It (the long tail )
       | is obscured/starved by search engines optimizing for the
       | generic,not the peculiar thing I/we are looking for "
       | 
       | And there it is: >>Web platforms aren't really focused on serving
       | users--what they really want to do is control users. This almost
       | always requires them to squeeze out niche and alternative views,
       | and force as many customers as possible to follow the herd.
       | 
       | >>That's a useful comparison. Web platforms are herders. And, if
       | you follow the analogy, that makes us all sheep.
       | 
       | It definitely seems harder to find specific information than it
       | was a few years ago. How can we get search engines to surface the
       | really obscure information gems?
       | 
       | I also wonder -if only ~20% of the people are responsible for
       | almost all of the sales ,what are the other 80% doing ?
       | 
       | Seems there should be some fat sales tails to be found in that
       | area. It's almost as if the relentless MBA approach of seeking
       | 'blockbusters' and cutting 'losers' just reaches a local maxima,
       | which although very big, is actually suboptimal.
       | 
       | What am I missing here?
        
       | bryanlarsen wrote:
       | The author makes two points: 1. The vast majority of the money is
       | made by blockbusters. 2. Producers outside of blockbusters aren't
       | making a living.
       | 
       | 1 is true but misleading. Anecdotally, I believe 2 is wrong.
       | 
       | "The Long Tail" doesn't disagree with point #1. The fat head is
       | where the most of the money is. That's not new or controversial.
       | IIRC, the Long Tail says that it's now possible to exploit the
       | long tail. It's still the tail, though. You're not going to be
       | making rock star money, but at least you can now put food on your
       | table. I know several musicians who pawned their instruments in
       | the 90s to be able to eat. The musicians I know in the 2020s
       | certainly aren't thriving, but they're not pawning instruments.
       | 
       | And #2 is just plain wrong. Tons of niche content creators have
       | turned professional in the last few years. They're not making
       | rock star cash, but they've quit their day job.
       | 
       | The ones who are coming closest to rock star cash are the video
       | producers. This used to be a brutal field. You'd need to scrape
       | together 7 figures to make a movie, do the indie field circuit,
       | et cetera. Now all you need is an iPhone and a YouTube or TikTok
       | account, perhaps combined with Patreon. Netflix isn't where you
       | find the long tail, YouTube and TikTok are. And now there are
       | YouTube channels much more professional than your local TV
       | stations.
       | 
       | For music, 99% of musicians used to make their living teaching,
       | and they still do. The money they get sporadically playing in
       | small venues is just bonus money. But they all have Patreon's now
       | too. It's not enough to let them stop teaching, but the regular
       | income makes a huge difference compared to the very irregular
       | income from gigs.
       | 
       | AFAICT writers have always had a long tail. If you could sell a
       | few thousand books, you could find a publisher. You wouldn't get
       | any promotion or shelf space at that volume nor enough money to
       | quit your day job, but...
       | 
       | These days there are tons of writers who have quit their day job
       | and subsist on web fiction + Patreon + Kindle Unlimited.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | It's an interesting question what the long tail looks like
         | financially for individual creators both in absolute numbers
         | and on a percentage basis relative to 25 years ago.
         | 
         | I suspect in absolute numbers there is more money going to long
         | tail creators just because there is so much more opportunity to
         | reach a non-geographically-bound audience.
         | 
         | On the other hand, the barriers to entry have essentially
         | collapsed in many cases which has, among other things, led to a
         | veritable flood of content--and many of the often fairly casual
         | creators don't even have a particular interest in, at least
         | directly, monetizing. If you're a long tail would be
         | professional, you have more channels to a potentially paying
         | audience today that doesn't necessarily involve getting picked
         | by a gatekeeper. But you're also now competing with a huge
         | number of enthusiastic amateurs, who don't care about the
         | money, who would never have bothered if they had to get through
         | a gatekeeper.
        
       | sumy23 wrote:
       | Does anyone else hate the long tail? Most of the content I
       | consume comes from the long tail. The content itself is
       | interesting and great. I love it. However, consuming long tail
       | content feels like another step along the path towards social
       | isolation. Like I can never talk about or share the things I
       | enjoy with others because the chance of them also having enjoyed
       | these things is near-0. And of course, you can recommend your
       | long tail content to others, but everyone is always recommending
       | long tail content to each other. It's a bit much to keep up with.
       | I feel somewhat envious of the days when, for instance, everyone
       | in the country listened to The White Album or Dark Side of the
       | Moon and could enjoy it together.
        
       | radley wrote:
       | 64 year old man focused on 80-year old music can't see the rest
       | of the tail. There's more music out there than just Jazz.
        
       | raverbashing wrote:
       | The long tails are there, but it requires effort.
       | 
       | If you consume content passively (major news, fb front page,
       | reddit etc) you only get the crap generalized (and now
       | polarizing) opinions. But the more niche stuff is not on the
       | frontpage. It's not all cheap takes and funny memes.
       | 
       | It's like food. You can get the fast food crap for cheap or
       | either you pay with money or time for something better
        
       | ouid wrote:
       | My crotchety take on this is that basically anything worth
       | consuming has remained that way excelusively by not being
       | profitable.
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | Thought experiment: take all of the queries that Google deals
       | with during a year. Then run all of the results together to get a
       | set of webpages represented by the first five pages of results
       | (does anybody still try to go beyond page 5?).
       | 
       | The remove the rest of the web. Who will notice?
        
         | njharman wrote:
         | Almost everyone. But very few of them will notice the same
         | things are missing.
         | 
         | That is the very definition of the long tail.
        
       | njharman wrote:
       | Maybe I missed the memo. I never thought of the "long-tail" about
       | making money. I always considered freedom from curation, freedom
       | of access, freedom from the mainstream, freedom from just what
       | made some distributor the most money.
       | 
       | I never thought (or heard) that it would "give a boost" to the
       | fringe or cause Indie films to reach wider audiences.
       | 
       | Just the opposite. It would (and did) make the obscure, zero
       | commercial value, thing that on 3 to sub a million people *in the
       | entire world* care about; distributable and "consumable".
       | 
       | It wasn't ever gonna make the masses suddenly like embrace
       | unique, interesting, bespoke content that by definition only a
       | small percentage of people enjoy.
       | 
       | It gave everyone access to their audience, no matter how
       | uncommercial or unconnected to people/orgs/places that previously
       | controlled distribution and access.
       | 
       | In all of that. There is a ton that is moderately commercial,
       | enough to support a creator or small team (see every monetized
       | YT, Twitch, Indieagogo, Kickstarter, Lulu book, etc). For sure,
       | not enough to support a multi-tiered industry of distributors,
       | licensors, and middlemen. The gatekeepers lost their gate locks.
       | 
       | The author doesn't see all of this because it so, so, so far
       | under radar. [And they seem very focused on the commercial/profit
       | side of things. As in if it doesn't make large commercial impact
       | it's inconsequential. Which is weird to ignore the long end of
       | the long tail.]
       | 
       | If the author is lamenting the industry failed to capitalize on
       | the long tail. Fuck that and them. I shed zero tears.
        
       | Cupertino95014 wrote:
       | There IS a guy who claims to make $5,000 a month writing about
       | _really_ boring topics. He picks the most boring thing you can
       | think of, writes the definitive research about it, and _voila_.
       | There are enough people who find his writing interesting, and the
       | topic unusual enough, that the Long Tail is working for him.
       | 
       | But Ted is right: Long Tail producers have always had a tough
       | time, and whatever opportunities there are now are even harder to
       | find. Old ones, like being the Swing Dance King of Pittsburgh (I
       | made that up, so don't come at me) don't pay like they used to.
        
       | Izkata wrote:
       | > I'm not saying that all those 'underground fringes' that
       | Anderson celebrated have disappeared--I'm merely claiming that
       | they have less cultural impact than at almost any point in modern
       | history. To operate on the fringe is almost akin to wearing an
       | invisibility cloak from one of those Harry Potter stories.
       | 
       | That's kind of a funny mention: Harry Potter was one of those
       | niche long shots that turned into an unexpected hit. It just
       | happened in the 90s.
       | 
       | As I understand it, the "long tail" existed as a gambit to find
       | the big hits like Harry Potter.
        
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