[HN Gopher] Number of pubs in England and Wales falls to record low
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Number of pubs in England and Wales falls to record low
        
       Author : samizdis
       Score  : 75 points
       Date   : 2022-07-04 07:47 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | WhyDoIThink wrote:
       | More people are at their homes playing video games, using
       | streaming platforms, and going online to shop for alcohol or
       | food. Less people are wanting to leave their homes, especially
       | during gas inflation and other things.
        
         | mshook wrote:
         | That's a good point.
         | 
         | Not only people tend to drink less nowadays but also when
         | people mention these kinds of development (like movie theater
         | decline and so on), they forget to mention all of these are
         | just different kinds of entertainment.
         | 
         | And there has never been so many ways to entertain oneself so
         | the competition is stiff.
        
         | cpursley wrote:
         | Gas inflation? Aren't most pubs in the UK walkable (vs say, US
         | bars)?
        
           | iasay wrote:
           | Not necessarily. In cities people tend to be disparately
           | located so usually ends up via public transport. In small
           | towns the local pub can be a 30 minute walk away or a 30
           | minute taxi away depending on how many of them have closed
           | down and the spread of the car-focused structure of some
           | towns.
           | 
           | The petrol/gas inflation, plus the incursion of Uber, really
           | screwed the prices of the taxis up as well.
        
           | Nux wrote:
           | Indeed many are and in the age of working from home I expect
           | many neighbourhood pubs to do well.
           | 
           | We're certainly going more often than before.
        
             | cpursley wrote:
             | It's also a great way to get to know your neighbors and
             | build community.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | chmod775 wrote:
           | A location only reachable by car would be a suboptimal choice
           | for any establishment mainly selling alcoholic beverages.
        
             | standardUser wrote:
             | You just described America.
        
               | revscat wrote:
               | Suboptimal?
        
       | morninglight wrote:
       | I've been going to pubs in Wales and England since 1977. I've
       | noticed the customers seem to be older during the last 10 years.
       | I suspect it is related to much social interaction moving to the
       | internet.
       | 
       | In any case, I wonder how this change has affected the sale of
       | beer & ale.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | richardwhiuk wrote:
         | Isn't that just you are getting older and thus more likely to
         | go to pubs where people are older?
        
           | morninglight wrote:
           | Brilliant, but I already thought about that and doubt that it
           | is the case.
           | 
           | Furthermore, I refuse to admit that I am getting older.
           | 
           | Cheers
        
       | krona wrote:
       | I live in a semi-rural area and all the local pubs that serve
       | food are overflowing on a weekend, and usually busy on a
       | weeknight.
       | 
       | However, they all have staffing problems, and some have to close
       | part of the week because staff presumably find better work
       | elsewhere.
       | 
       | Couple that with sometimes extortionate business rates and many
       | average pubs in remote areas are simply not viable.
        
         | genocidicbunny wrote:
         | Sounds like they're not paying their staff enough. If they're
         | not having trouble with staffing on busy nights, but are on
         | quiet ones thats a pretty sure sign that they need to raise
         | their pay. On busy nights staff might be okay with the lower
         | pay thanks to tips, but otherwise its likely more profitable
         | for them to go work somewhere else that pays better.
        
           | chrisseaton wrote:
           | > On busy nights staff might be okay with the lower pay
           | thanks to tips
           | 
           | You have absolutely no idea about this topic you're
           | commenting on, do you?
        
             | genocidicbunny wrote:
             | It might not be applicable to the UK, as someone else
             | pointed out, but this is absolutely the case in the US. On
             | a good night, a server might make several times more than
             | their hourly wages in tips alone. I've known plenty of
             | people that worked as wait staff at a restaurant that liked
             | the tipping system because thanks to tipping their wages
             | were several times higher than minimum wage. Most of them
             | would have rather had a slow night once in a while rather
             | than give up the tipping because of how much they made
             | thanks to tipping.
        
           | Dan_Sylveste wrote:
           | >tips
           | 
           | Barstaff don't get tips in the UK
           | 
           | It's more likely that on quiet nights/days it's simply not
           | cost effective to open. During a weekday a small pub might
           | literally have one or two customers. They're traditionally
           | owner-operated for a reason, and the reason is because the
           | margins don't allow for staff.
        
             | genocidicbunny wrote:
             | Fair point. I'm looking at this from an American point of
             | view, and I forgot that wait staff in the UK get paid
             | actual wages unlike in the US.
        
         | origin_path wrote:
        
       | mywacaday wrote:
       | The reasons are multiple but here are the ones I've noticed are.
       | Compared to my father's generation most women now work and men
       | and more involved with the family, a hangover Saturday/Sunday
       | morning doesn't work. Cost, mortgage/childcare require two
       | salaries, hard to justify a large cost of pub sources alcohol.
       | The cost of property, saving for a deposit creates a habit of no
       | longer going to the pub. We no longer need to go to a social
       | place toget most of our local news or gossip, Facebook/WhatsApp
       | have filled the gap. Every generation seems to be more health
       | focused than the previous.
        
       | cletus wrote:
       | People who've never spent significant time in the UK may not
       | appreciate the significance that pbus have played in the UK
       | culture and social structure. Pubs have for many eyars been a
       | social nexus. You wouldn't even go to drink necessarily but just
       | go by default because that's what everyone else was doing.
       | 
       | These are quite typically "locals" rather than going somewhere to
       | go to a pub in particular.
       | 
       | So this is really a long term trend in the changing social
       | structure of the UK. Pubs are becoming less important socially,
       | probably conciding with the rise of Internet culture and online
       | connectedness. But also real estate prices come into play. Pubs
       | sit on some valuable land, particularly in London. Costs go up to
       | the point where you might be paying 8 pounds for a pint. That
       | gets really expensive.
       | 
       | I haven't seen anything close to this in the US. Take something
       | like the bar in How I Met Your Mother. Obviously this is all
       | fictional and these characters spen da lot of time there but it's
       | still portrayed as extremely intentional, meaning plans are made
       | to meet there. UK pub culture doesn't tend to be that intentional
       | about meeting particular people but rather hanging out where
       | others may or may not show up.
        
         | zimpenfish wrote:
         | > probably conciding with the rise of Internet culture and
         | online connectedness
         | 
         | Possibly also related to the greater ease of accessing, e.g.,
         | sports on TV compared with 10-15 years ago - now you don't need
         | a satellite dish etc., you can just stream Sky Sports over the
         | internet which cuts out the need to find a pub showing whatever
         | match you wanted (assuming you're not doing it as a social
         | activity.)
        
         | bencollier49 wrote:
         | Pubs were closing long before the internet appeared, albeit in
         | smaller numbers.
         | 
         | The main driver, in my opinion, is specialisation. We've got a
         | much more professional workforce these days, with more
         | specialist skills, who for this reason often have to travel for
         | some distance to get to their places of work. That means far
         | less time to go to the pub. Combined with modern media, it's
         | just easier to sit indoors. People have posted other points
         | elsewhere on this thread - they're all contributing (plus drink
         | driving laws and smoking bans).
         | 
         | I mean, a lot of people used to stop working at lunchtime and
         | spend the afternoon in the pub.
         | 
         | Now, if home working holds up, and then inflation abates a bit,
         | perhaps pubs might regain an advantage, but I fear we're now in
         | a new "steady state", and it'd take more to change things back.
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | You should try visiting New Orleans.
        
         | OJFord wrote:
         | > UK pub culture doesn't tend to be that intentional about
         | meeting particular people but rather hanging out where others
         | may or may not show up.
         | 
         | Interesting, other than 'the locals' propping up the bar,
         | that's not my experience at all.
         | 
         | I think going to each other's homes (on a smaller scale and in
         | a less organised way than 'a party') is more common now. For
         | whatever reason, I wouldn't like to say, could be fashion,
         | could be the other side of 'the pub is too expensive', or
         | something else.
        
           | Atheros wrote:
           | I want to raise another contributor: volume. At most bars in
           | large cities, if I'm in a group of six people, I can not hear
           | someone talking who isn't sitting directly next to me.
           | 
           | The parent commenter said "Take something like the bar in
           | [the television show] How I Met Your Mother. Obviously this
           | is all fictional and these characters spend a lot of time
           | there". The only reason they can meet there and hear each
           | other is because the bar is silent and they're actually on a
           | sound stage. Watch _any_ show where any characters interact
           | at a bar: they talk comfortably in a way that would not work
           | in real life.
           | 
           | Bars and restaurants have simply gotten measurably louder to
           | the point where people are choosing to meet at home instead.
           | When English Pubs and U.S. speakeasies became popular,
           | amplified music was not a thing. Even the name "speakeasy"
           | comes from the fact that people could and did speak quietly
           | in the bars!
           | 
           | > But consider a 1993 study of about a dozen dining
           | establishments, which found that sound levels peaked at 68
           | decibels (a little louder than normal chitchat). Compare that
           | with a much larger 2018 survey of New York City restaurants,
           | in which one-quarter hit at least 81 decibels (more like a
           | garbage disposal), the average level was 77, and just 10
           | percent were 70 decibels or below. The report deemed those
           | "quiet."
           | 
           | https://www.popsci.com/story/technology/restaurant-noise-
           | lev...
           | 
           | Scientific papers abound
           | 
           | https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=.
           | ..
           | 
           | > There are increasing numbers of reports from patrons
           | complaining about the difficulty in conversing with fellow
           | diners due to loud venues. In Zagat's 2016 Annual Survey,
           | when surveyors were asked what irritated them the most about
           | dining out, noise was the second highest complaint (25%)
           | behind poor service (28%). But in major urban cities of San
           | Francisco, Boston, Portland and New York City, noise was the
           | number one complaint [34]
        
             | viraptor wrote:
             | > Even the name "speakeasy" comes from the fact that people
             | could and did speak quietly in the bars!
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speakeasy
             | 
             | The more common explanation is that it's a place where you
             | have to speak easy to not attract attention.
             | 
             | It makes sense too, since without amplified music being
             | popular why would the speakeasy be specifically quiet
             | rather than just "like everywhere else".
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | Very good point.
             | 
             | It's worse than not fixing it, the trend is to make it
             | worse, by removing soft furnishings etc.
             | 
             | Saw an article recently on loud restaurants (the loudest in
             | the world are in London, followed by SF iirc) - the top few
             | in London were measured as so loud that per the law (I
             | assume it's not known/adhered to) they have to provide
             | staff with hearing protection from the injurious volume!
        
             | dpeck wrote:
             | This is a huge thing to me and many others who I've spoken
             | with. My spouse seems to be able to handle it just fine,
             | but to me it's just a wall of sound all around me and it
             | has led to frustration that they cannot hear me and I
             | cannot hear them.
             | 
             | It's become true at even many very "nice" restaurants as
             | the open kitchen, open spaces, and hard surfaces everywhere
             | aesthetic has taken over nearly everything.
        
               | maerek wrote:
               | Strong seconding here. I have a low voice that doesn't
               | travel well in noisy environments. It's pretty tiring
               | having to shout an entire night out just to converse
               | across the table.
        
         | xyzzy123 wrote:
         | IMHO an under-appreciated side effect of rising property values
         | is the destruction of third places
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_place), a role that pubs
         | often filled in the UK. As land values rise the pressure to
         | make a return on any given space goes up. Leads to fewer places
         | to "hang out" without strong pressure to spend money.
        
           | OscarCunningham wrote:
           | Damn. Working from home I don't even have a second place.
        
         | codeulike wrote:
         | _... pbus ... eyars ..._
         | 
         | - typed while in the pbu, clearly
        
       | rrodgers wrote:
       | I'd be curious if the loss of social cohesion/connection offsets
       | the reduction of alcohol (if that really occurs) - does dementia
       | rise in small villages that lose pubs - or does it fall?
        
         | chippy wrote:
         | Curious too about trade off of increased health but wrt
         | isolation: in small villages / rural areas, the community is
         | more tight-knit generally - you get more social isolation in
         | urban areas, particularly for older folks.
         | 
         | There was a recent paper done on social isolation in the UK -
         | but heres one for the usa:
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30609155/
        
       | pcrh wrote:
       | It would be interesting to compare the number of pubs with the
       | total number of establishments that cater to eating and drinking,
       | e.g. including cafes, restaurants, night clubs, etc.
        
       | pm90 wrote:
       | Bars and Pubs are a very "boomer" sorta place imo. Personally I
       | do like going to them sometimes, but the people there are
       | generally older. The younger groups are either there with work
       | buddies or for some event, or are tourists. Notable exception are
       | clubs, which are still dominated by the young.
       | 
       | The ones that do well today IMO are the ones that experiment with
       | their food offerings. Instead of the standard fare (greasy fries,
       | burgers etc) they offer legitimately good food and
       | vegetarian/vegan options and salads/tacos.
       | 
       | I think its fine. Beers/Ales are worse health wise than the more
       | refined liquors. These establishments just need to change to
       | reflect the tastes of their clientele.
        
       | genocidicbunny wrote:
       | I wonder how much on an effect prices have in this.
       | 
       | It's gotten more and more expensive to go out drinking, while the
       | prices for alcohol haven't risen commensurately in my area. When
       | you're paying almost the cost of a bottle of cheap rum for a
       | single drink, suddenly drinking at home starts to make a lot more
       | sense. Why spend $20 on a drink when you can for the same money
       | buy a bottle of cheap alcohol, some mixers and snacks and have
       | yourself and your friends a merry night?
       | 
       | On a side note, this made me wonder why prices on alcohol haven't
       | gone up all that much, despite the recent inflation. Most of the
       | prices for alcohol at my nearby grocery store are the same as
       | they were last year and the year before.
        
       | nemo44x wrote:
       | It's amazing to hear these stats and then drive around England
       | and be astonished how many pubs there are. On high streets, town
       | centers, neighborhoods, etc. Just think how many there were!
       | 
       | I love pub culture and always look forward to a bitter when
       | traveling to the UK.
        
       | phphphphp wrote:
       | The record low is a part of a long term trend, the numbers have
       | been falling year over year for the last few decades -- this
       | headline is somewhat misleading. The pandemic and changing
       | economic environment may hasten their demise, but it has been
       | long coming.
       | 
       | https://www.statista.com/statistics/310723/total-number-of-p...
        
         | mike_hock wrote:
         | Sounds like an extremely alarming trend! Why is no-one doing
         | anything? Where are they gonna go to get hammered?
        
           | InCityDreams wrote:
           | Cannaboids.
        
       | jamal-kumar wrote:
       | One factor that's important not to overlook is that younger
       | people, especially in developed nations, are drinking much less
       | in recent years, even after the COVID-19 lockdown. [1] It's just
       | not really fashionable anymore. Everyone I know under the age of
       | 25 or so, and (A smaller amount of) older people I know as well
       | who have grown out of thinking being drunk is fun, are looking at
       | it more as a quick way to get fat and sad.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2020/sep/analysis-our-survey-
       | show...
        
         | bloodyplonker22 wrote:
         | > younger people, especially in developed nations, are drinking
         | much less in recent years, even after the COVID-19 lockdown.
         | [1] It's just not really fashionable anymore.
         | 
         | and then you link to a 2020 article that analyzes drinking
         | DURING lockdown. Well, of course it's going to be lower during
         | lockdown in the initial phase of covid. What you've said is
         | bloody misleading.
         | 
         | > Everyone I know under the age of 25 or so, and (A smaller
         | amount of) older people I know as well who have grown out of
         | thinking being drunk is fun, are looking at it more as a quick
         | way to get fat and sad.
         | 
         | It's always binary to you people. Drinking moderately can be
         | social and fun, but to you, it's only to get drunk and hammered
         | and fat and sad.
        
           | FredPret wrote:
           | To "you people" doesn't set a constructive tone.
        
             | bloodyplonker22 wrote:
        
           | cto_of_antifa wrote:
        
         | mnd999 wrote:
         | Instagram ruined everything.
        
         | pydry wrote:
         | It was always a pricey hobby and wages have stagnated. I think
         | that was the main driver - the rest is post hoc
         | rationalization.
         | 
         | Ditto with smoking.
        
         | madeofpalk wrote:
         | Personally, the whole covid situ, and working from home just
         | taught me to go over to friends places and drink at home rather
         | than some shitty pub with expensive drinks that I don't like.
        
         | AnonymousPlanet wrote:
         | This sounds more like people going to pubs to get hammered
         | instead of going there to be social. The beer gardens around
         | here are full of people enjoying a cold one. No one goes there
         | to get drunk. Same with the pubs (mostly). Tons of young people
         | there. Maybe we just have a different pub culture on the
         | continent?
        
           | neaden wrote:
           | How much of a business profit comes from people getting drunk
           | though? One serious drinker might spend as much a small group
           | of people just enjoying a beer or two.
        
           | AdvancedCarrot wrote:
           | I live in the UK and honestly from what I've seen at least
           | nice beer gardens are doing great, and even many of the
           | regular pubs aren't necessarily doing badly.
           | 
           | I think people do like going out for a drink (and certainly
           | not just to get drunk), rather I think the bigger problem is
           | that its become far too expensive for many.
        
           | mmarq wrote:
           | Adults in the UK drink to get drunk, like Italian 15 year
           | olds. It is different for young adults, who are adopting a
           | more "continental" approach to alcohol.
        
         | syndacks wrote:
         | "I don't drink, thanks. I just do hard drugs."
        
         | baq wrote:
         | Personally, the primary reason is hangovers take waaaaay too
         | much time after 30
        
           | rightbyte wrote:
           | I thought it was due to me drinking way less ofent and thus
           | losing resistance. Are you sure?
        
           | ezekiel11 wrote:
           | btw I hear this a lot from North American/English speaking
           | parts of the world but less in others. There seems to be more
           | tolerance/less judgement towards drinking alcohol, its seen
           | as an integral part of socializing, almost to a fault in some
           | cultures. I wonder if this is some pre-emptive virtue
           | signaling,since if you break it down, hangovers is largely
           | the result of dehydration and loss of minerals. It might be
           | that as you get older you retain less fluid or something, i
           | do not know, just guessin.
           | 
           | having said that, i can go without drinking. you tend to
           | increase consumption in bursts, social events. it can cause a
           | lot of societal problems (ex. south korea/russia) and
           | combined with tobacco (ex. south korea/japan), its right up
           | there in terms of toxicity with combining cocaine and alcohol
           | (dramatically/needlessly increases toxicity).
           | 
           | One might make the same judgement about cocaine hangovers or
           | any substance for that matter.
        
           | bloqs wrote:
           | This is common incorrect assumption, it's due to tolerance
           | and consistency of drinking habits, including hydration and
           | liver health.
        
             | barry-cotter wrote:
             | This seems extremely unlikely to be true, based on personal
             | experience and that of many other people. Sources?
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | standardUser wrote:
           | There's no reason hangovers should be any worse in your 30's
           | or 40's. Hangovers are mostly the result of poor drinking
           | habits.
        
             | robonerd wrote:
             | Ha, and what bad drinking habits would those be? The
             | popular answer is "drink water", but I didn't do that when
             | I was young and I didn't have hangovers then. These days if
             | I drink two beers and even twice as much fresh water, I'll
             | be miserable the morning after. Consequently, I don't go to
             | bars anymore and I buy a sixpack at the grocery store maybe
             | two or three times a year.
        
               | justinhj wrote:
               | I would guess that this is just because young people have
               | more energy and healing ability, both of which
               | deteriorate with age
        
               | 14 wrote:
               | This is exactly why I quit drinking and have been sober
               | for almost 2 years. I kept finding that one or two beers
               | and I would feel like crap or get headaches the next day.
               | I know about the drink water trick and it didn't help. So
               | finally gave up drinking and don't miss it. Also other
               | reasons to quit as other commenters mentioned is the
               | price. Going out for a drink costs a lot of money. Just
               | food and a non alcoholic drink cost me over $20. A couple
               | alcoholic drinks would cost me 1/3 days pay. I would much
               | rather not.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Yes, such as drinking to the point of getting drunk.
        
         | the_only_law wrote:
         | The effects are great (for many but not all), and bars can be
         | nice are if you're drunk, but the cost is just so heavy.
        
         | hyperbovine wrote:
         | Ever tried getting drunk in an English pub? It's surprisingly
         | difficult.
        
           | bowsamic wrote:
           | The problem is not just that the alcohol is expensive in pubs
           | (it's actually cheaper than a lot of European countries) but
           | that also the alcohol in the shops is very expensive. I think
           | that is why alcohol use has become so unpopular. Not only is
           | it a less pleasurable drug than others, but it's actually
           | becoming more expensive than them, even at home
        
           | tailspin2019 wrote:
           | Name your time and place. Perhaps you're doing it wrong :)
        
         | collegeburner wrote:
         | Also bars got shitty prices these days. Most people pregame
         | before they actually go out so they buy less there bc its too
         | fucking expensive to get drunk out. Seems like prices at bars
         | go up even faster than prices for alcohol retail.
        
           | hbn wrote:
           | I'm far too cheap to order more than a drink or 2 at bars,
           | but it tends to mean I keep a bottle of something at home
           | which makes it dangerously easy to go too fast/hard
        
         | sergers wrote:
         | I have always looked at it as a social activity, than sole
         | reason to be getting drunk.
         | 
         | With my friends, if you wanted to get drunk, it w as s never at
         | a pub, we were too cheap.
         | 
         | We would just drink at home.
         | 
         | In general, people are less outgoing, not specific to pubs.
         | 
         | Look at restaurant closures in your area, retail stores etc...
         | I bet the pub lines up with these
        
       | crmd wrote:
       | I'm an American (New York city) and I originally met most of my
       | friends at the neighborhood coffee shops and bars. Most people
       | don't go there specifically to caffeinate and get drunk, it's
       | just the third place (outside work and home) where people go to
       | socialize.
        
         | iasay wrote:
         | In the UK we have some serious social drinking issues unlike
         | America where a couple of beers is perfectly fine. I prefer
         | going to a bar in the US than a pub here because it's a decent
         | social event.
        
       | ezekiel11 wrote:
       | The other day I was listening to Raoul speak on Real Vision, and
       | apart from his weird angle that crypto will survive this cycle
       | (it wont), he mentions demographic time bomb that is about to hit
       | our Western economy.
       | 
       | The basic gist is that baby boomers will drastically curtail
       | their spending by 60% because of the retirement pension is
       | broken. It is essentially a ponzi scheme that will not be able to
       | pay out everybody without huge erosion to currency and its
       | literally the last thing a world reserve currency like US is
       | going to want (a hegemony is only as good as its status as a
       | world reserve currency). so without a sound pension/retirement
       | guarantee, the only way to hedge against future grey swan is to
       | retain capital as much as possible by curtailing spending. This
       | is similar to what happened to in Japan, they would drastically
       | cut spending while increasing savings following the '89 asset
       | bubble brust, followed by deflation. Now the situation is getting
       | out of hand due to supply chain and energy supply issues but
       | eventually the belief is that price inflation post-pandemic will
       | not last. For example, the watch collectibles market appears to
       | be showing signs of stress, as market values of previously
       | inflated (on purpose?) watches have begun to come down in price
       | as buyers tighten their wallets. The JM gold green dial daytona
       | is a good example of the asset bubble. The first market usually
       | to lead deflationary events is the luxury goods section, followed
       | by mainstream consumer goods that simply cannot find enough
       | buyers at the current inflated price.
       | 
       | Taking this a bit further then, there is a huge looming crisis to
       | all sectors of the consumer/leisure economy. Pubs I think are on
       | the decline as a result of inflation and warning signs of further
       | curtailment of spending. This is a very nasty situation to be in
       | because in the past we've been able to swing out of crisis by
       | simply printing money and keeping the consumption rate constant,
       | central banks simply have exhausted their monetary velocity, and
       | could easily stand to lose control of the situation leading to
       | Japan's near 40 year stagnation.
       | 
       | The common belief about grey/black swans is a zealous/elastic
       | band like reaction the remotest idea that it could happen here.
       | anti-fragile or not, a multi-decade change in consumption will
       | set a country back for decades.
       | 
       | Perhaps it is this weakness that Putin saw, and EU's reliance on
       | it's energy/commodities, that he chose to gamble on what he saw
       | as a looming demographic crisis on his end (number of young males
       | available for conscript has peaked and is on the decline). Unlike
       | technologically advanced militaries like EU/US which can absorb
       | this demographic decline, Russia's security guarantees besides
       | its nuclear deterence is largely on numbers. For this reason I
       | believe that Xi is going to emulate Putin to a certain degree in
       | the Taiwan strait.
       | 
       | The US is in a better situation, but it also faces a decline in
       | its population and must continue to increase immigration, one
       | that it is increasingly unwilling to do as populism demand rise
       | as cost of living increases.
       | 
       | We are in unprecedented territory now and the content of this
       | article reads familiar to what we've seen in previous downturns,
       | except that we have a huge monetary excess debt from '08 money
       | print frenzy.
       | 
       | I am not convinced the US hegemony will go away any time soon but
       | I am wary as to whether we are going through what South America
       | did up until 90s, a series of populism that swung the country to
       | authoritarianism and ugliness that rose from that.
       | 
       | This is the connections I made after reading this article and
       | looking at consumption trends in other sectors.
        
       | odiroot wrote:
       | Coming from a country with a huge alcoholism problem, I welcome
       | any trend that shows decrease in alcohol consumption.
       | 
       | Now living in England, I'm amazed how people just take their cars
       | to a pub and drive back home like it's nothing. And considering
       | how busy my local pub is, some do it on a daily basis.
        
         | pm90 wrote:
         | Wait really? For some reason I thought the transit was great in
         | Cities in England... that would seem like the better option,
         | no?
        
           | rocgf wrote:
           | Public transport is pretty good in the UK, but not to the
           | point of being able to live without a car for a large portion
           | of the population. In London, there is the tube and driving
           | in the city is quite dreadful, so I guess that is the
           | exception, but I would say that the UK is pretty car-centric
           | overall.
        
           | orobinson wrote:
           | They may not live in a city. Even tiny villages in the UK
           | will have a pub and some pubs are literally just on their own
           | in the middle of nowhere. I grew up in a small town in
           | eastern England and people would drive from the surrounding
           | villages to go to the pubs there and then drive home after
           | several drinks. Drink driving outside of cities is
           | unfortunately very common.
        
         | chrisseaton wrote:
         | > I'm amazed how people just take their cars to a pub and drive
         | back home like it's nothing
         | 
         | In England and Wales people often take their children to pubs.
         | So not everyone's drinking alcohol - many are having food or
         | just non-alcoholic drinks.
         | 
         | If you think someone going to a restaurant or cafe and driving
         | home isn't madness, then neither is someone going to the pub in
         | England or Wales.
        
           | prvit wrote:
           | I think I'd rather have slightly inebriated drivers than
           | people letting their kids drive them home.
        
             | chrisseaton wrote:
             | I mean not all adults in pubs are drinking.
        
       | fleddr wrote:
       | Another article I read called the pub "England's living room". It
       | fits the stories my brother told as he used to work in England
       | (we're from the Netherlands). He'd describe that workers would
       | immediately continue to the pub after work, after which their
       | wife would bring a home-cooked meal directly to the pub. And the
       | children might visit for an hour or so too.
       | 
       | Anyway, different times. Some trends I'm spotting in the
       | Netherlands that I suspect would also apply to the UK:
       | 
       | Young people drink far less than before. When they do drink, they
       | may first home drink cheaply and only then attend a pub (or club)
       | extremely late at night. Others rarely attend a pub at all and
       | prefer infrequent big events like concerts, where often they pop
       | a cheap XTC pill and drink two sodas.
       | 
       | And yet another group are truly "digital natives", my nephew is
       | one of them. Their idea of a great Saturday night is to play a
       | multiplayer game online. They never go anywhere, they rarely ever
       | meet new people.
       | 
       | Still, it's not just young people. Over here middle-aged (and
       | older) people also seem to come far less than before. I think
       | this has to do with life being so damn fast and busy, it's much
       | different compared to a few decades earlier.
       | 
       | You can't really stop it, times change. Still it saddens me to
       | see another socially important physical place go the way of the
       | dodo.
        
       | onion2k wrote:
       | I'm trying my best to keep them going.
        
       | varispeed wrote:
       | In the younger generation, people are not so much interested in
       | drinking alcohol. Many prefer to relax with cannabis, but it is
       | illegal for "recreational" purposes. So going to pub, then going
       | somewhere to smoke, then coming back to pub was just tedious and
       | risky. Especially that police likes to harass people minding
       | their own business and if they are from ethnic minorities. That
       | combined with the cost of living crisis, means it's cheaper and
       | more comfortable to meet at ones home or somewhere in the park.
        
       | citrin_ru wrote:
       | Many pubs in England are operating since XIII - XIV centuries.
       | It's a living history. Would be sad to see them gone.
        
         | 202206241203 wrote:
         | It's only more visible than people being Airbnb-d out of their
         | native towns.
        
         | mdavis6890 wrote:
         | We should impose mandatory-minimums for alcohol consumption. I
         | think 10 drinks/wk should do it.
        
       | kawsper wrote:
       | In pre-pandemic times I worked from home and to get out a bit
       | during a day I would have a coffee and work from the local pub.
       | 
       | Depending on the time of day I showed up there would always be
       | the regular pensioners starting their first drink of the day
       | around 11:00, then around 12:30-13:00 the lunch crowd from the
       | nearby offices would show up and sometimes after that there would
       | be a birthday event or a funeral wake, then it would quiten down
       | again until 17:00-18:00 when families showed up for dinner, and
       | later than that the drinking crowd would show up and it would
       | become too lively to sit and code.
       | 
       | Pubs in the UK works as family restaurants (with a bar) but they
       | are a place of social gathering, and they cater to all sort of
       | different types of business.
        
       | s8s8discourse wrote:
       | There isn't sufficient margin in drink to float a pub. The margin
       | is in food (and to an extent, dispensed soft drinks).
       | 
       | Because priority becomes food over drink, people are willing (and
       | able) to drive further for a better pub. Competition increases
       | and you don't need a 'local' for every village or part of town
       | anymore. Less pubs can serve more people because rather than
       | regulars "propping up the bar" 3-5 nights a week for an extended
       | session, you get restaurant-esque table turnover.
       | 
       | This is desirable for landlords - they often live above their
       | pubs - profit from food service means you can shut earlier, you
       | don't have regular fights or trouble from drunk customers and
       | general toil is lower.
       | 
       | But some publicans just won't (or can't) adapt. They won't or
       | can't invest in kitchen and chef. They can't or won't learn how
       | to market and attract new, younger customers. Inflation, energy
       | pricing, COVID shutdowns et al have all just accelerated the
       | demise of the "pub pub".
       | 
       | The old "pub pub" crowd are now well served by the Wetherspoons,
       | who have the advantage of controlling their margins in ways
       | Brewery landlords can't compete with (mass purchasing, pre-
       | prepared food, all their pubs are "new" buildings that don't have
       | the insane maintenance and insurance overheads of a 200+ year old
       | pub building etcetc).
       | 
       | We may be at a record low, but I suspect we'll be setting new
       | lows for some years to come yet.
       | 
       | src: family of publicans from 193Xs ~> 200X. Tried to buy a pub
       | at the 'end' of COVID restrictions.
        
         | KennyBlanken wrote:
         | > There isn't sufficient margin in drink to float a pub. The
         | margin is in food (and to an extent, dispensed soft drinks).
         | 
         | In the US, the exact opposite is true. Alcohol sales are where
         | the money is made (and yes, soft drink sales, but there's
         | usually far less of that in an actual bar.) Food has nowhere
         | near the profit margin. Multiple restaurant owners have told me
         | this for years.
         | 
         | Why is it the opposite in the UK?
        
           | smcl wrote:
           | The food in many of these pubs is of very low quality and is
           | designed to be quickly prepared (reheated) at scale with no
           | complex steps involved. After a short time in the UK you can
           | quickly tell what sort of food you can expect in a given pub,
           | so I think most Brits know what they're getting. Personally,
           | I think this (plus the fact that a large amount of the
           | population _take pride_ in enjoying shit food) give the UK a
           | bad reputation re food.
           | 
           | And you'd actually be surprised how much soft drinks are
           | served in pubs. They're _very_ low wastage - so if your
           | company budgets that X% will be lost for some reason, you 'll
           | very likely undershoot that and have only X/2% wasted.
           | Additionally you can adjust the syrup/carbonated water mix so
           | that your margins for each serving are higher. The dodgy pub
           | I worked at as a student frequently used soft drinks as a way
           | to balance stock in case of wastage (or in the case of a
           | corrupt assistant manager, theft). Towards the end of a given
           | stock-keeping period (monthly?) we'd often be told something
           | like "Tennent's is down, ring it up in the tills as 3 small
           | diet cokes" - meaning that there is less of a given beer in
           | the stock room than expected when accounting for how much we
           | ordered and how much we sold, and to correct for this we'd
           | use take advantage of the surplus of coke stock (after a
           | price adjustment) to try to counteract this. God help you if
           | anyone asked for a receipt and accused you of swindling them
           | ...
        
         | workingon wrote:
         | This is so strange, and the exact opposite of America. In
         | America margins on drink are 100-200%+ while margins on food
         | are much less when you take into account untipped workers
         | fixing it. It must be the tipping difference, since bartenders
         | are basically free labor in America.
        
         | bavent wrote:
         | Wow, this is complete opposite of America. I have run several
         | bars/restaurants and most of our money came from alcohol sales.
         | Food was still profitable, but much tighter margins. A lot more
         | labor goes into the food side of the business too, and we
         | couldn't get away with marking things up 4x like you can with
         | wine.
         | 
         | I think as you get into Michelin-starred places, the name of
         | the chef and the quality of the food is enough to allow you to
         | charge more, and also to cheap out on labor - some of the top
         | restaurants in Chicago collude to pay their cooks $10-12/hr,
         | for example.
        
           | algorias wrote:
           | I'd think those low wages are also partly explained by the
           | desirability of working at a top place (good for your CV and
           | for acquiring actual skills). Pretty similar to how the game
           | industry attracts talent out of proportion to the monetary
           | compensation they pay.
        
             | bavent wrote:
             | They're 100% explained by that, not just partially. At all
             | of the top-rated restaurants in every city I've cooked in,
             | all the chefs are buddies. It's very common for there to be
             | a tacit agreement to just not pay more than $X, that way
             | they can all keep labor costs down.
        
           | heavyset_go wrote:
           | I was under the impression that margins on alcohol were huge.
           | At least where I am, proprietors trip over themselves to get
           | alcohol licenses, and those licenses go for hefty premiums.
        
         | tamade wrote:
         | Having invested in this business before, the margin is entirely
         | in alcohol. Typical drink costs <50p and sold for >20x. Food
         | has nowhere near those margins given the labor and materials
         | required.
        
           | jimjambw wrote:
           | Not saying I don't believe you but why would a Brit leave out
           | the 'u' in labour?
        
         | benbristow wrote:
         | > The old "pub pub" crowd are now well served by the
         | Wetherspoons, who have the advantage of controlling their
         | margins in ways Brewery landlords can't compete with (mass
         | purchasing, pre-prepared food, all their pubs are "new"
         | buildings that don't have the insane maintenance and insurance
         | overheads of a 200+ year old pub building etcetc).
         | 
         | Bit untrue on your last statement. Wetherspoons have a habit of
         | occupying traditional/landmark buildings. For all the negative
         | they do against the independent pub trade by outpricing with
         | their brewery deals they do a cracking job in preservation by
         | using & maintaining old buildings that would otherwise go to
         | ruin.
         | 
         | Just in Glasgow for example you've got The Counting House
         | (George Square) which was an old premises of the Bank Of
         | Scotland in the late 19th century and The Crystal Palace also
         | built in the 19th century which houses one of the oldest
         | lift/elevator installations in the UK.
        
       | hintymad wrote:
       | Eh... Good thing? As someone who does not have the genes to
       | produce ADH2, I can never appreciate alcohol or the euphoria of
       | getting tipsy. Employees in my previous startups in SF openly
       | stocked and drank lots of liquor, which made me uneasy too. It
       | was also very frustrating that engineers in Dropbox of early days
       | used to socialize and design their systems in noisy bars over
       | hard liquor.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | helloworld11 wrote:
         | So, because you yourself get no joy from alcohol, it frustrates
         | you and makes you "uneasy" to see any situation where others
         | do? Consequently, anything that forces them to consume much
         | less is a good thing? Why? Why should others' personal pleasure
         | bother you in the first place? I comment because this is a
         | sadly selfish attitude that's far too common among many people
         | about many things.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | codeulike wrote:
       | This is a trend that has been steadily continuing for at least 20
       | years
       | 
       | https://www.statista.com/statistics/310723/total-number-of-p...
       | 
       | Imho alcohol is historically way too prominent in UK culture so
       | its a relief to learn that people are finally finding something
       | else to do with their time
       | 
       | edit: 30 year trend in this paper:
       | https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-...
        
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