[HN Gopher] Success stories are just propaganda (2017)
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       Success stories are just propaganda (2017)
        
       Author : paulpauper
       Score  : 126 points
       Date   : 2022-07-15 20:43 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.martinweigel.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.martinweigel.org)
        
       | fictionfuture wrote:
       | There is a worthwhile premise behind the title of this article.
       | Success stories are generally fluff designed to rewrite history
       | and control a desired narrative.
       | 
       | Most the real reasons for success are taboo, boring and too
       | technical to talk about, e.g. "we got massive SEO traffic through
       | user-generated content and 10x'd traffic in 2 months"..
        
         | f17 wrote:
         | Or, "I'm fully self-made. All I had was an introduction to the
         | CEO of Sequoia by my father who happens to be a Senator and a
         | small zero-interest loan, barely a million dollars."
        
           | codalan wrote:
           | The struggle is real
        
         | AQuantized wrote:
         | Funny that your example sounds like a stereotypical self-
         | congratulatory Hacker News article
        
         | smartplaya2001 wrote:
         | Can you go a little more into success being taboo? This is
         | quite interesting but I am not sure if we are thinking the same
         | thing.
        
       | davesque wrote:
       | Maybe the moral of the story is to never allow yourself to wallow
       | in self doubt because you don't measure up to any given success
       | story. On the other hand, _do_ allow yourself to use an inspiring
       | success story to spur you into action when the time is right.
       | 
       | Maybe this is just moving the goal posts. After all, it seems to
       | imply that there is some unknown mechanism at play that guides a
       | person into a moment of opportunity. The question then becomes,
       | "What is the nature of that process?" As far as that goes, I'm
       | sympathetic to the idea that a lot of it just comes down to dumb
       | luck. However, to me that's more a reason to just take a deep
       | breath once in a while and quit freaking out than to throw up my
       | hands and declare, "It's all fate and I have no control!"
       | 
       | To put it another way, you can still take some general wisdom
       | from advice about success (as opposed to failure). Just don't
       | take it too seriously. Use it to give yourself a little mental
       | space once in while but otherwise try not to burn too many
       | calories pondering it.
        
       | csours wrote:
       | I've read about many many failures. Every failure is instructive.
       | But avoiding failure is not the same as success.
       | 
       | I agree that when someone is telling you a success story, they
       | usually have an agenda, and that someone else's path to success
       | won't be your path.
       | 
       | Look for contingent advice - advice that matches your scenario
       | and tells you when it does and does not apply.
        
       | bjourne wrote:
       | For some evidence proving Martin Weigel right, see the BBC show
       | Dragon's Den. Fix rich, self-righteous turds who think they are
       | self-made billionaires bet on business ideas entrepreneurs pitch
       | them. They never bet on the winners and frequently bet on losers.
       | Literally millions of people could do the job better than them
       | but where not lucky enough to get right. The best product ever
       | pitched on the show was the Tangle Teezer which those business
       | geniuses unanimously trashed:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s2O0SvrlFKA
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | Survivorship bias seems to play a huge role in VC too. A handful
       | of individuals and firms got mega-rich with Facebook and then
       | later with Uber, and now they are held up as these huge geniuses.
       | However, this is more luck than skill, because all oof their
       | later investments have done much worse, so excluding Facebook and
       | Uber, they are not so skilled. Now these same geniuses are hyping
       | crypto , which has been a total disaster for half of 2021 and all
       | 2022. Same for Softbank, which had a big winner with Ali Baba,
       | but pretty much failed massively with later bets. Successes have
       | many mothers, failure is an orphan, as it's said.
        
         | jollybean wrote:
         | I believe the logic of VC investing is misplaced here.
         | 
         | That their subsequent investments did worse than FB is not
         | evidence of anything at all really.
         | 
         | In particular, almost all VC fund returns are weighted towards
         | a few big winners, some ok winners, a bunch of zombies and a
         | lot of failures.
         | 
         | There is a 'FB' in every successful VC fund.
         | 
         | Most VC just didn't just magically appear as VCs and then
         | magically/luckily invest in FB. It was a long path for most of
         | those funds and individuals.
         | 
         | There is luck involved, surely, which is why funds have a lot
         | of companies in their portfolio.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | > There is a 'FB' in every successful VC fund.
           | 
           | Tautologically. There isn't a facebook in any failing VC
           | fund. So it's really unnecessary to talk about VC strategies
           | at all if you're going to define a successful strategy as
           | having once invested in some whale early and ignore all of
           | the other failures, it's sufficient to just ask for a list of
           | the investors in things that did well and declare them
           | shrewd.
        
           | yomkippur wrote:
           | But why is it that some VC are clearly better at this dice
           | rolling? ex. Sequoia
           | 
           | Again and again they seem to be able to discover these home
           | runs or is it that they are able to use their vast network of
           | influence to manufacture success?
           | 
           | It all reminds me of poker. High stacks
           | dictate/influence/restricts other participants with less
           | stacks.
        
             | jollybean wrote:
             | ?
             | 
             | Because it's not 'dice rolling'.
             | 
             | And yes, they will use their network to create good
             | outcomes, that's fine.
        
           | azemetre wrote:
           | It could be evidence that the idea of VCs may not be a
           | reliable way of investing.
           | 
           | Nassim Taleb stated that in 2009, within an 18 month window,
           | banking industry lost all the profits it ever made since the
           | beginning of banking as an industry.
           | 
           | Such a catastrophic event isn't out of the question for VC
           | either.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | dandelany wrote:
         | This. I always get annoyed when entrepreneurs eg. on Shark Tank
         | say things like "I quit my job, took out two mortgages on my
         | home, maxed out my credit cards and spent my kids' college fund
         | on the business. And look at us now, we're making millions of
         | dollars a year! Don't give up when failure looks inevitable!"
         | 
         | Probably most of the people who follow this advice to the
         | letter end up financially ruined, they just don't get a public
         | platform to talk about it...
        
           | gerdesj wrote:
           | Quite. I think Shark Tank is what we call Dragon's Den in the
           | UK (bunch of civilians pitch to zillionares for cash and
           | mentoring in return for a stake in the business - all on TV).
           | 
           | You see some absolute horrors that inevitably will lead to
           | bankruptcy. However you also see some clever folk getting a
           | well deserved leg up.
           | 
           | But I think we agree that for everyone that seems to
           | effortlessly do the American Dream thing, there are 1000s or
           | 100,000s that don't. Then there's the likes of me that have
           | run a rather boring small business for 22 years turning over
           | around PS1.2M pa but not exactly setting the world on fire! I
           | can sleep at night and have nearly no debt, so that's nice.
        
             | hvs wrote:
             | Maybe it's just me getting older, but running a successful
             | small business that pays the bills and supports my family
             | into retirement is what I would consider the paradigm of
             | success for my life. Congrats on your business.
        
             | nostromo wrote:
             | I just want to point out that you're living the American
             | Dream. I think you may misunderstand the term as it's
             | generally used.
             | 
             | The phrase isn't about becoming a billionaire. It's rooted
             | in the American frontier period, inspired by Protestant
             | values, and is much more aligned with living a happy upper-
             | middle-class life: owning land, a home, enough resources to
             | have a family, and having meaning work.
        
               | ROTMetro wrote:
               | I wouldn't even say upper-middle-class. Descended from
               | Irish orphans, jewish refugees, Pennsylvania Dutch coal
               | miners (so the classic Amish Jewish Redhead, without red
               | hair). A relatively safe work environment, owning a home,
               | feeding their family, not having your government try to
               | exterminate you. That was their American dream. You know,
               | the little things.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | abraxas wrote:
         | Moreover, just with the sheer count of VCs, stock investors and
         | other sorts that play with their (or more often other people's)
         | money to try and earn outsized profits, it is inevitable that a
         | small sliver of them will be wildly successful. It's a
         | statistical certainty. It's like having a million people toss
         | coins all day and then hail as geniuses those who got twenty
         | heads in a row.
         | 
         | There is an excellent book by Nassim Taleb that expands on this
         | theme titled "Fooled By Randomness".
        
       | _ttg wrote:
       | Related classic - How I won the lottery by Darius Kazemi
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_F9jxsfGCw
        
       | stomczyk09 wrote:
       | Success is something that tends to be propogated when being
       | communicated to the masses, but success is such a general word.
       | Success isn't a one size fits all. It can be as simple as passing
       | a test in school, graduating said school, paying off your
       | mortgage/debt.
       | 
       | Success comes in all shapes and sizes.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Uhhrrr wrote:
       | The airplane bullets story actually shows how success stories can
       | be valuable. If you take them in aggregate and look at what's not
       | there, there are some common themes:
       | 
       | - No one ever says they gave up
       | 
       | - No one ever says they wasted time on petty distractions
       | 
       | - No one ever says they saw a great opportunity and passed on it
       | 
       | etc.
        
         | notahacker wrote:
         | That says more about the framing of success stories than
         | anything else. When your third company sells for seven figures,
         | you get to say your first and second were learning experiences
         | rather than things you had to give up because they weren't
         | going to succeed. When you're a unicorn, you get to build side
         | projects or embark upon codebase rewrites involving more people
         | than most companies ever hire, and people will praise both your
         | desire to explore new ideas decisiveness when you fire them and
         | shut them down rather than dismissing it as a petty distraction
         | (and something you gave up on). And the most successful
         | startups get to say all the many investment and acquisition
         | offers and commercial deals they passed on _weren 't_ great
         | opportunities, and have reason to even believe it.
         | 
         | If we're doing airplane bullet stories, it's like trying to
         | figure out how to fix airframes by looking at the aircraft that
         | didn't get hit at all...
        
         | f17 wrote:
         | _No one ever says they saw a great opportunity and passed on
         | it_
         | 
         | I had the opportunity to buy Bitcoin in 2010 and didn't. I was
         | simultaneously correct (about the moral value and nature of the
         | thing) and utterly, utterly wrong (about what it would do
         | between then and zero, and thus from a personal financial
         | standpoint).
         | 
         | I had too much faith in humanity to invest in Bitcoin. Whoops.
         | Turned out degenerate nihilism was the winning bet.
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | IIRC Churchill said about the US, hoping for entry into WWII:
           | 'They always do the right thing, after exhausting all other
           | possibilities.'
        
       | codalan wrote:
       | I don't always indulge in toxic positivity, but when I do, I
       | LinkedIn.
       | 
       | /s
        
         | avg_dev wrote:
         | Single most inane social media feed out there.
        
         | robotnikman wrote:
         | Couldn't agree more
        
       | billllll wrote:
       | Attributing most success to luck also doesn't seem to be very
       | productive. What's the end goal?
       | 
       | If your end goal is to put down the success of others and make
       | yourself feel better for not achieving the same level of success,
       | then I guess this article is great for that.
       | 
       | However, if your end goal is to maybe one day be as successful or
       | more so, then IMO this article isn't that useful. I strongly
       | believe in the saying that "experience is a poor teacher," and in
       | that case it's worth seeking out the successful experiences of
       | others even if it's not an exact template we can follow.
        
       | s1artibartfast wrote:
       | People often confuse necessary vs complete criteria for success.
       | 
       | The classic example is being smart, getting educated call office
       | and working hard.
       | 
       | They won't guarantee success but it certainly improves your
       | personal chances versus doing the exact opposite.
        
       | nasir wrote:
       | Tonight I went for a walk with the 15 yo son of my neighbour who
       | said he wants to start his own company and have 1 million by the
       | time he turns 18. I asked him, what do you have in mind? He said,
       | I want to build a company that is cash positive and then reinvest
       | its profit in itself and grows.
       | 
       | I told him this really does not mean anything. You need to have
       | concrete steps toward this goal which is only 3 years away.
       | 
       | I think those who really wants to achieve the so-called "success"
       | will just go figure it out rather than constantly reading those
       | success story. Yeah perhaps at the very beginning of the journey
       | you get inspired by reading a few of those.
       | 
       | But the rest is basically taking concrete steps and trying stuff
       | out until it sticks. And the best way to do that is to go figure
       | out HOW those people in the success story did it.
       | 
       | At least at the end he was happy with the answer.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | (Without knowing the person at all), I would have asked,
         | 'why?'. Lots of _kids these days_ seem to be just following
         | these paths blindly. A million dollars can be a means to
         | something; it 's not a goal.
         | 
         | 'kids these days' - maybe this was always true, but it seems
         | like they are trapped in a cycle of trauma, thinking life is a
         | struggle to survive.
        
           | robotnikman wrote:
           | It doesn't help that kids now are bombarded by rich
           | influencers all the time on social media.
        
         | metadat wrote:
         | This pattern of the get-rich-quick mentality is alarmingly
         | pervasive among youngsters today.
         | 
         | Even more common are kids who plan to get rich being a famous
         | TikTokker, IGer, of YouTuber.
         | 
         | Since there's not much I can do about it, I'm just curious to
         | see how this shakes out over time.
        
           | neura wrote:
           | There have been many people trying to get rich quick in
           | previous generations, as well. If it's growing over time,
           | faster than the "work hard and rise to the top" or other
           | segments of the population, it may be because "working hard"
           | in the same kinds of jobs (level of skill, amount of effort
           | required, etc) people were doing 50 years ago is much less
           | likely to get you to the same level of independence and
           | wealth that it would have 50 years ago.
           | 
           | I think this entire discussion is more about opportunities
           | and the common debate is between older generations that think
           | young people have the same opportunities now that they had
           | when they were young VS young people now believing they do
           | not have those opportunities. I mean, is this not the basis
           | for the entire "OK, boomer" response/meme?
           | 
           | When looking at specific success stories, I think the people
           | talking about luck being opportunity have the right of it.
           | Sure, there might be some plan old luck involved and there's
           | surely a large amount of persistence and effort involved, but
           | it does seem rare to hear about what created the opportunity
           | for the success.
           | 
           | Everybody talking about survivorship bias are really talking
           | about how the success story, as told by people involved in
           | the success, are rarely looking to download their involvement
           | and talk about the opportunities they had, but instead want
           | to show how their involvement and the things they did are the
           | key to the success.
        
           | ryandrake wrote:
           | I mean, it kind of makes sense. These kids aren't stupid.
           | They see that most of the upward mobility ladders have been
           | pulled up by the last generation to climb them, and there's
           | not much left besides gambling on meme stocks, OnlyFans, and
           | trying to become a popular streamer.
           | 
           | They look at their Millennial parents generation and say "Why
           | would I want to study hard, go to college, and work my ass
           | off? That's what you did and you have six figures of debt and
           | work at Starbucks!" We were suckers and believed in class
           | mobility. I think the next generation of kids are more
           | observant and cynical and have figured out the deck is
           | stacked against them.
        
             | eo3x0 wrote:
             | There's a lot of negativity towards capitalism here in this
             | thread which is hard for me to understand when the average
             | Hacker News user is upper middle class chatting away on
             | social media in the middle of a work day. It seems like
             | capitalism has done exactly a great job in lifting people
             | out of poverty and continues to do so.
             | 
             | A lot of the negativity simply comes from being detached
             | from real problems, in my opinion.
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | A study in bourgeois identity crisis. "Anti-work anti-
               | Caren" sentiment. Some Reddit meme I believe.
        
               | jamiek88 wrote:
               | Or maybe we don't want to pull the ladder up after us and
               | a lot of us came from poverty too and remember it and
               | have empathy with those still there?
        
               | ramphastidae wrote:
               | Being able to use social media during the work day
               | doesn't make housing or health care any more affordable.
               | Don't those count as real problems?
        
         | f17 wrote:
         | You, shall we say, "had a learning experience" if it's 2022 and
         | your son still believes in capitalism.
         | 
         | Maybe it's too late for us old farts, but the generation coming
         | up needs to overthrow the corporate system--and they need to
         | start while they're young and have the energy, and the best of
         | us oldsters will be around to help them, so there's no time
         | like the present--if they want to have a future. There is none
         | in the current socioeconomic system, not for real humans (as
         | opposed to ultrawealthy ghouls).
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | Corporations as structures aren't going away.
           | 
           | Over the centuries, they spread from England to the rest of
           | the world because they play an important role quite well:
           | they allow people to pool their resources for a common
           | project while protecting their non-invested personal assets
           | from potential bankruptcy.
           | 
           | People want to do business. People want themselves and their
           | families to be protected from utter financial ruin if their
           | project fails and ends in bankruptcy. People want to maintain
           | some kind of continuity in businesses even if an important
           | individual dies or becomes incapacitated.
           | 
           | Legal personae - corporations - are the solution to this set
           | of requirements, whose functionality has been tested by
           | centuries. They will outlast us for this reason alone.
        
         | jollybean wrote:
         | Your neighbour's son is likely going to be quite successful at
         | least on some level, and he may even get to his $1M.
         | 
         | "It doesn't mean anything" - the opposite, it means a lot, it's
         | 'a (personal) goal' - which is how people focus and motivate
         | themselves.
         | 
         | "the rest is basically taking concrete steps and trying stuff
         | out until it sticks." - well kind of. Yes, you have to 'take
         | steps' at some point, but 'what steps?' to 'what end?' etc.
         | etc..
         | 
         | I think it's probably slightly more beneficial to have people
         | focused on growing the pie, and having a nice way to captures
         | surpluses, as opposed to just "I want to make money" but just
         | having the later is a formidable goal.
        
       | jackcosgrove wrote:
       | Of course people want to ascribe agency to success, and
       | necessarily failure. The flip side of luck is fate.
       | 
       | Just look at the success of ideas like predestination and
       | physical determinism vs. free will in the "marketplace of ideas".
       | Many people _really_ don 't like it when you strip them of
       | agency, no matter how flimsy the story told to fill the void.
        
       | betwixthewires wrote:
       | The analogy to the world war 2 bomber story is applicable _only_
       | if you accept the core premise of the article: that most of it
       | boils down to luck.
       | 
       | If the successes of the successful really are the result of their
       | decisions, planning, approach, or other action on their behalf,
       | then where the bullet holes wound up on an airplane isn't
       | analogous.
       | 
       | I personally do think that luck has a lot to do with it, but it's
       | not sheer luck, it's recognizing opportunity and capitalizing.
       | Yes, the iPhone wouldn't exist if it weren't for the DoD building
       | GPS. But the DoD building GPS didn't make the iPhone either.
       | Apple made the iPhone, while other competitors tried to make
       | something like it. It was the _decisions_ that led to the iPhone
       | that can teach us about it 's success.
       | 
       | Every set of decisions occurs within an environment. The
       | parameters of that environment can be called "luck" if you want,
       | and success within that environment can be ascribed to the
       | environment itself by way of the word "luck." But looking at it
       | that way tells you less about success than the success stories.
       | After you armor the engines and you get more planes making it
       | home, you don't call that luck, you call that good decision
       | making. And you ascribe the success to the decisions, you don't
       | dismiss them as survivorship bias.
        
         | crotho wrote:
        
         | the_af wrote:
         | I don't think the article is arguing that it's just luck, just
         | that luck plays a huge role.
         | 
         | But also, and more importantly, the article seems to be arguing
         | that these success stories are mostly unhelpful. If you do all
         | that Steve Jobs did, it's likely you won't be even remotely
         | successful as he was. "Stay hungry, stay foolish" is
         | inspirational -- I like the quote -- but also mostly
         | meaningless. Like "follow your passion", "work hard", etc. Yes,
         | we all already _know_ this, and it mostly won 't help us become
         | the next Steve Jobs.
        
           | betwixthewires wrote:
           | I'd agree that these pop, self help seminar success stories
           | are unhelpful, but for different reasons (although they are
           | mentioned in the article): people with these stories rarely
           | mention the not so pretty parts of the story unless those
           | parts serve to "teach a lesson" in line with the narrative in
           | the story, and that successful people tend to ascribe success
           | disproportionately to themselves in a manner very akin to
           | superstition. Most of what they're telling you were the keys
           | to their success will be unhelpful, nevertheless, examining
           | their success with your own mind and not with their words can
           | show you a great deal about what works and what doesn't.
        
         | icambron wrote:
         | I'll add that it propagates the other way too: only those
         | who've positioned themselves to take advantage of changes in
         | the environment can get lucky. Taking the iPhone example: have
         | you built a team of engineers, designers, and manufacturing
         | experts able to create and launch an iPhone when it becomes
         | possible? One company did. This is what VC types call "creating
         | your own luck". Being prepared to seize new opportunities
         | doesn't make them happen, but they happen often enough that
         | being prepared for them has a positive expected value.
         | 
         | How do you, personally, prep for luck? By cultivating valuable
         | skills, minimizing overhead and commitments, earning the
         | respect of a lot people, having a well-calibrated risk
         | tolerance, and so on. You are trying to turn luck from a
         | necessary but insufficient condition to a necessary and
         | _sufficient_ one.
        
         | goatcode wrote:
         | I'd agree; you can't boil it down to just luck or just hard
         | work. I think it a correct notion that fortune favors the
         | prepared, and neither luck nor hard work on its own suffices.
         | 
         | If you look more closely, I believe that hard work, luck,
         | nepotism and sociopathy all become apparent factors in
         | successful business, with their levels being able to be
         | exchanged to some degree (with some having a greater amount of
         | variability, depending on variation of the others).
         | 
         | In the end: you are right; a bar of gold can fall onto a dead
         | body, but he's no better for it.
        
           | 411111111111111 wrote:
           | Luck alone _is_ sufficient. As a simple example: if you 've
           | been born into the Gates or Zuckerberg family you will have
           | as many tries as you need until you succeed.
           | 
           | And if you've been born in some parts of Africa you're almost
           | certainly going to be SOL
        
       | UIUC_06 wrote:
       | Ancient Yiddish humor:
       | 
       | Old man, dying, calls out to God, "Why couldn't I at least win
       | the lottery?"
       | 
       | And God says, "Why couldn't you at least buy a ticket?"
       | 
       | People complain because there isn't a formula for success and the
       | propaganda stories promise one, but don't deliver. It's not their
       | fault that they don't deliver, because no one can. It's your
       | fault for even thinking there _was_ a formula. And it 's their
       | fault for encouraging you to think that.
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | A lot of it is that people want to be told what they want to
       | hear.
        
       | inglor_cz wrote:
       | This idea ("almost everything is luck") is not exactly rare. But
       | the author has a giant blind spot when he cites the story of
       | Abraham Wald while ignoring a glaring case of similar gap in his
       | own argument.
       | 
       |  _There are tons of people who had all the luck in the world and
       | they didn 't achieve much at all._
       | 
       | Just look at his long list of all the lucky circumstances that
       | Steve Jobs had to encounter ("he was born in the USA", "GPS was
       | funded", "all the necessary technologies necessary to create an
       | iPhone already existed").
       | 
       | True, but Steve Jobs wasn't the only one who had this kind of
       | luck. Most of these conditions are wide enough that, in their
       | intersection, there were at least several million other
       | individuals whose activity _didn 't_ result in anything
       | remarkable.
       | 
       | At which moment we are back to square one. Was Jobs' life story a
       | propaganda? Perhaps, but if you want to recast it as an end
       | product of several instances of luck, you need to explain all the
       | duds too.
       | 
       | An interesting example is Elon Musk. Whenever Musk is discussed
       | on Reddit or on HN, there is a glut of forists who explain that
       | someone born into this kind of wealth and privilege simply _had_
       | to be wildly successful.
       | 
       | But Musk's own brother Kimbal, who grew up in the very same
       | family and environment, is barely known.
        
       | noasaservice wrote:
       | _Capitalist propaganda_
        
       | avindroth wrote:
       | Is it so hard to imagine that some people get genuinely inspired
       | by stories of other people's successes?
       | 
       | Yes, some success stories are propaganda. But many others are
       | genuinely inspiring (and have something to teach us). For what
       | it's worth, I think this extreme take is more propaganda than
       | most success stories.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | > Is it so hard to imagine that some people get genuinely
         | inspired by stories of other people's successes?
         | 
         | It's impossible not to imagine. That's the purpose of
         | propaganda, to move people.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | For something to be teachable it must be reproducible to some
         | degree. Because the number of failures is hidden, it's
         | impossible to know what actually works or not. You're only
         | seeing the numerator and not the denominator too. That's why
         | survivorship bias is so important.
        
         | Lammy wrote:
         | > I think this extreme take is more propaganda than most
         | success stories.
         | 
         | Success stories are not propaganda in the sense that they are
         | false stories you would be convinced to believe. They're
         | propaganda in the sense that hearing them influences you to
         | believe in the economic system itself and then spread
         | (propagate) those stories to others.
        
           | cuteboy19 wrote:
           | Doesn't this kind of imply that the other economic system are
           | either full of failures or at the very least don't have that
           | many success stories?
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | >some people get genuinely inspired by stories
         | 
         | Isn't that the explicit purpose of propaganda? Why do people
         | get so hung up on delegitimizing the outcome of anything stuck
         | with the label "propaganda"?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | em-bee wrote:
           | because propaganda implies a nefarious agenda.
           | 
           | propaganda by popular definition is not legitimate
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | So anything inspirational is propaganda? Where do you draw
           | the line? This is clearly an incomplete definition of
           | propaganda...
        
         | jollybean wrote:
         | Whether they are 'inspiring' or not is one thing, whether they
         | are legit or not is another.
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | Just knowing that something is possible is a huge motivator and
         | a motivated person is much more likely to succeed.
         | 
         | In sports, it's common theme to think that something is
         | impossible until someone does it and the previously impossible
         | achievement becomes the new standart as more and more people
         | start doing it.
        
         | f17 wrote:
         | Success stories in capitalism are usually heavily censored to
         | hide the trail of wrecked careers, shady dealings, and
         | invisible nepotism that occurred along the way.
         | 
         | If you want to know the truth about a company, ask its least
         | popular member... or, better yet, someone who was fired.
        
           | sircastor wrote:
           | When I was interviewing most recently I always included a
           | question along the lines of "what do you hate here?" And
           | while I didn't ever hear about firings, I did often hear
           | about issues that regular workers saw in their company. It
           | was enlightening.
        
       | caseyross wrote:
       | Success stories would have been mostly accurate in prehistoric
       | times. In a tribe of a few dozen people, it's quite imaginable
       | that one person might be able to "disrupt" the status quo through
       | singlehanded grit, determination, or heroism.
       | 
       | But these kind of narratives are a poor fit for the complexity of
       | our modern world. Even without considering the issue of
       | deliberate propaganda, it simply isn't possible in practice for a
       | modern citizen to wrap their mind around all relevant factors
       | that led to success or failure.
        
       | manholio wrote:
       | While I agree with the sentiment, I think this text is pushing it
       | a bit to far. There exist mathematic, cultural, psychological and
       | anthropological truths that can help one navigate towards success
       | in the world of humans, it's not all random noise.
       | 
       | For example:
       | 
       | 1. Getting yourself organized and goal oriented, focused on what
       | you can control, your behavior and decisions, instead of wasting
       | time fantasizing about the lives of great men and the myriad ways
       | your environment differs from Silicon Valley in the 70s. For
       | example, a simple tool like the "Getting things done" methodology
       | helped me to increase my productivity significantly. Some other
       | tool might work for you, as long as you can stay on goal and
       | deliver.
       | 
       | 2. Understanding the exponential curve and the power of compound
       | interest. Wealth is built by capital accumulation via compound
       | interest, you start with just your two hands, reinvest the
       | proceeds in growth and watch you empire grow. Once you accumulate
       | seed capital, everything becomes easier, money is like a
       | superpower and you can direct people around you to work towards
       | your vision.
       | 
       | Cultural norms are strongly favoring linear career goals, ex.
       | becoming a doctor, so it's very hard, risky and counterintuitive
       | to go against your peer group and position yourself on an
       | exponential growth path.
       | 
       | 3. Understanding people are political animals, always competing
       | for power and resources. This is true for any organization, team,
       | project, people will obey power and getting and wielding power is
       | a complementary goal to money, one leads to the another. A strong
       | way to accrue political capital is to build networks, meet and
       | keep good relations with many powerful people that can be useful
       | and for which you are useful.
       | 
       | These examples are some very general and powerful concepts that
       | are likely to remain true for a long time and that most
       | successful people use at least instinctively. They are necessary
       | to greatly increase the odds of success, but of course, vastly
       | insuficient to guarantee it.
        
       | dr-detroit wrote:
        
       | sumanthvepa wrote:
       | I've always felt that a collection of deep analyses about
       | entrepreneurial failures would be more valuable than any success
       | story. One of the reasons, I find startup school useful is that,
       | it seems like the advice is based on observation of failure,
       | rather than success alone. I wish more individual (suitably
       | anonymised) information could be provided for further research.
        
       | gjvc wrote:
       | like brag posters in the bathroom
        
         | skyyler wrote:
         | What do you mean by this? It seemed idiomatic but I can't find
         | examples of other people using this phrase.
        
       | JoshCole wrote:
       | It isn't "just" propaganda. A success story is fundamentally a
       | communication that relates to positive expected value. Picking
       | examples might make it seem like success stories are just
       | propaganda, but you can trick yourself with biased sampling quite
       | easily.
       | 
       | Consider a different example of a success story: the
       | communication of the presence of food by ants to other ants. A
       | fundamental part of their thinking is tied up in the idea of
       | communicating these successes. For them, it isn't "just"
       | propaganda.
       | 
       | Interestingly - we've had something close to a controlled
       | experiment about the viability of not communicating what we think
       | success is with humans. There was once a theory that if you
       | didn't tell anything to another human they would learn a divine
       | language. To test this a child was separated from the general
       | population and raised with caregivers who did not speak to them.
       | As you might imagine, this did not produce a divine language or
       | an especially intelligent child. It produced a feral child.
       | 
       | In actuality, I think you can relate communication of expected
       | values back to a solution to a foundational problem and dialectic
       | tension in learning problems in complex environments: the explore
       | exploit problem. The literature calls these multi-armed bandit
       | problems.
       | 
       | Social species, such as ants and humans, use communication about
       | expected values to make their search over their reward landscape
       | more effective. Actions are conditioned on the outcome signals
       | communicated through the environment, creating a kind of lookup
       | cache of better than random strategy.
       | 
       | So there is something deeper going on here than "just"
       | propaganda.
       | 
       | If I'm right about that, a natural question is to ask "why would
       | people conclude it was just propaganda" and I'll skip the obvious
       | reason that the phrasing feels wrong and so the author just did
       | it to attract attention.
       | 
       | This property of valuable utility information in expected value
       | calculations makes sharing success stories high utility. However,
       | some people are low utility producers and want to signal being
       | high utility for various reasons. So there are going to be some
       | success stories that are fabricated. We have a lot of people. So
       | we have a lot of people sampling from stories and some of those
       | people are going to draw samples of stories where propaganda
       | really is the best description.
       | 
       | So you can arrive at this belief without needing to be attention
       | seeking and then what happens when you test it? Well, it seems
       | right - there really isn't guarantee of success.
       | 
       | Unfortunately, separate to this is the actual viability of
       | following advice gleaned from success stories. To see why it can
       | help to go back to a simple case, like an ant following the high
       | confidence pheromone trail. It may indeed not find food at the
       | end of the trail, but that property has a lot to do with the
       | environment. It isn't fully a thing about success stories, but a
       | property of how hard problems can be. They probably wouldn't be
       | better off abandoning the use of pheromone trails.
       | 
       | This becomes more obvious when you start giving great examples of
       | success stories. For example, when people comment that
       | mathematics was useful and encourage that we teach it, should we
       | conclude that the success they derived from it is "just"
       | propaganda?
       | 
       | Or how about recasting their own great example of a great success
       | story - they relates a success story about how people managed to
       | infer something about failure cases. Their argument about why to
       | focus on failure actually contains a sub-component of the the
       | success story that comes from focusing on failure.
        
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