[HN Gopher] The Illustrated Guide to Video Formats: fifty years ...
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       The Illustrated Guide to Video Formats: fifty years of video
       history
        
       Author : asicsp
       Score  : 106 points
       Date   : 2022-07-18 13:30 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (archivesoftomorrow.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (archivesoftomorrow.com)
        
       | allturtles wrote:
       | I'm struggling to see who the intended audience is for this book.
       | 
       | Based on the preview, it appears to be 86 pages of illustrations
       | in a cartoon style with a little bit of descriptive text in the
       | form of 'fun facts.' It reminds me of the style of a children's
       | pictorial encyclopedia.
       | 
       | This seems way too simple for a serious video geek, archivist, or
       | historian, but who else will be interested in learning about
       | dozens of historic video formats?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ablwr wrote:
         | It's for funsies. Haven't you ever done something for funsies?
         | 
         | Mostly I just wanted to make some nice open-license
         | illustrations and the book is just kind of a bonus. I'm not
         | trying to make a buck; everything you need is available on the
         | website.
         | 
         | I've been teaching archivists for a long time and everybody has
         | to start somewhere. I think this is a good starting place,
         | especially for folks that need to know how to figure out what
         | something even is, or the potential content or historical
         | context/era. Especially for folks that don't work with video
         | often, they can get easily freaked out/overwhelmed. I think
         | it's going to be either required or recommended reading for at
         | least three archives courses this fall that I know about.
        
       | dylan604 wrote:
       | The strangest video format I've worked with was a 1/4" open reel
       | black & white format. I don't even know the time frame of when it
       | was used, but the engineering staff had to dig up an old machine
       | and restore it just to be able to playback the footage we
       | received. It was the one and only job while work for that company
       | that I ever saw it. Then again, there was a Fisher Price like toy
       | camera that recorded similar b&w footage to an audio cassette.[0]
       | 
       | My favorite tape based trivia is that all but one tape format has
       | the supply hub on the left side and the take up reel on the
       | right. Only the 3/4 Umatic format has the supply reel on the
       | right.
       | 
       | [0]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCXJ5twf5tM
        
         | Gordonjcp wrote:
         | That's not quite true, Philips VCR (N1500/N1700) has the hubs
         | stacked one on top of each other. I'm sure there was one other
         | like that but I can't remember the name.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | But which way did the tape wind? I've found no information in
           | my brief searching about this format. I'll gladly add it to
           | my list of right to left tape formats, but I'm seeing no such
           | evidence.
        
       | g-schro wrote:
       | Does this book also explain NTSC and PAL formats? Or is that a
       | different world?
        
         | ablwr wrote:
         | It doesn't, it's a pretty simple book, intentionally. I had to
         | remove a lot of more technical "fun facts" and replace them
         | with something more historical / market-context-oriented so it
         | would be fun for total novices (I had my mom tell me what was
         | too confusing for her and swapped those out).
         | 
         | I think one of the best books out there for really getting into
         | video (algorithms, et al) is Charles Poynton's Digital Video
         | and HDTV.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | Kind of hard to illustrate NTSC and PAL.
         | 
         | These are the physical media. The tapes were not concerned with
         | the types of signals that went on them. This is showcasing the
         | physical nature of the video formats.
         | 
         | If I were try to illustrate NTSC, the red would all be shifted
         | to the right in the image in a blurry fasion. Not the hue
         | itself shifted to the right, but the physical position of the
         | red information ghosted to the right of the actual source in
         | the image which would still be a shade of red, but most
         | definitely, it wouldn't actually be red.
        
           | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
           | NTSC was also known as "Never The Same Colour".
           | 
           | NTSC and PAL were video encoding specs and also recording
           | specs. The framerate and line resolution were part of the
           | format, so PAL and NTSC recorders/tapes weren't compatible.
           | 
           | For capture, PAL is basically 576 interlaced at 50Hz. NTSC is
           | 480 interlaced at a little less than 60Hz. The physical line
           | count is higher - 625 for PAL, 525 for NTSC - but these extra
           | lines are either blank or used for supporting data.
           | 
           | Most professional hardware could record/play either format,
           | and a few systems could interconvert on the fly. But that
           | took significant processing. The recordings themselves were
           | one or the other.
           | 
           | This carried through to video recorded on disk. Consumer
           | analog video capture cards tended to be PAL or NTSC, sold by
           | region.
        
             | taffronaut wrote:
             | From BBC Engineering in the 1970s:
             | 
             | NTSC - "Never Twice the Same Colour" (US)
             | 
             | SECAM - "System Exactly Contrary to the American Method"
             | (France)
             | 
             | PAL - "Perfection At Last" (UK - BBC of course)
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Most people don't realize that PAL came 10 years after
               | NTSC. It also did not have to worry about maintaining
               | backwards compatibility with the pre-existing black&white
               | only format that was only a couple of years old.
               | 
               | As much as I hate all of the pain that compatibility
               | caused, it was an impressive feat of engineering.
               | 30000/1001 was such a magic number that haunts me to this
               | day.
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | > It also did not have to worry about maintaining
               | backwards compatibility with the pre-existing black&white
               | only format that was only a couple of years old.
               | 
               | The BBC was broadcasting TV shows in black and white, and
               | they were being received, in black and white, on people's
               | black and white televisions for many years before PAL was
               | developed.
               | 
               | So yes of course compatibility was important, the
               | existing sets continued to show (in black and white)
               | newer colour shows, PAL is a method to _encode_ colour on
               | an existing black and white television signal just like
               | NTSC. PAL isn 't better because of somehow not worrying
               | about backward compatibility, it's just a better
               | technology.
        
       | asicsp wrote:
       | Links to illustrations and data:
       | 
       | * https://github.com/ablwr/illustrations/tree/main/cables
       | 
       | * https://archivesoftomorrow.com/illustrations/video/
       | 
       | * https://archivesoftomorrow.com/data/video/
        
         | kloch wrote:
         | "UHF" connectors are very unfortunately named. They shouldn't
         | be used for anything above 30 MHz (HF), but are often used on
         | VHF (~150MHz) radios even though they have poor performance
         | already at those frequencies:
         | 
         | https://www.hamradio.me/connectors/uhf-connector-test-result...
         | 
         | > The stunning result is all the UHF connectors in the test
         | have worse performance than all the other connectors. One
         | immediate conclusion concerning 'UHF' connectors is they will
         | function at these higher frequencies, but one must decide if
         | using the PL259 or SO239 is worth it in an age where its
         | deficiencies have been made moot by ALL connector designs since
         | WWII.
         | 
         | N connectors work excellent all the way up to ~1GHz and also
         | have decent power ratings. Above that SMA/SMC is popular for
         | low power applications, and waveguides for high power.
         | 
         | TNC connectors were popular in the 1980's for analog cell
         | phones and 800MHz public safety radios.
        
       | dylan604 wrote:
       | Next up, Illustrated Guide to Video Codecs
       | 
       | 01011010110011100101000111001010101010110101110001 or something
        
         | ablwr wrote:
         | I _do_ want to do a history of video codecs (codec wars, etc)
         | but I'll have to actually write words for that one :'-)
        
       | h3mb3 wrote:
       | Another entertaining take from the perspective of consumers,
       | while not just focusing on the typical VHS/Beta and newer stuff:
       | "The Forgotten History of Home Video" by Cathode Ray Dude:
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/30Uc-JxJzYI
        
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       (page generated 2022-07-18 23:01 UTC)