[HN Gopher] Mexican Loan Apps, Extortion, and the Google Play Store
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Mexican Loan Apps, Extortion, and the Google Play Store
        
       Author : blopeur
       Score  : 154 points
       Date   : 2022-08-14 13:49 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (techpolicy.press)
 (TXT) w3m dump (techpolicy.press)
        
       | siliconc0w wrote:
       | It's a shame because I think there is a legitment use-case for
       | micro-lending but there needs to be regulation and enforcement.
       | Also asking for those kind of wide permissions should trigger
       | some kind of additional review - a scam-filled untrusted
       | ecosystem hurts all app developers.
        
       | wejick wrote:
       | This kind of scam was so rampant in Indonesia until the
       | government took strong stance, effectively sweeping the practice
       | across the country. It's like Google doesn't even care about this
       | things, in contrary they're so fast blocking and suspending app
       | submissions that against their bottom line, like digital goods
       | and payments methods.
        
       | nixcraft wrote:
       | These scams are going on in India too. Typically they offer
       | $100-$200 loans, and there is no legal framework. Victims are
       | afraid to go to the police. Even if someone goes to the police,
       | these apps are all running from China, and they can't do much
       | about it. From the BBC article: "The people running the apps
       | gained access to all the contacts on his phone and his pictures,
       | and have threated to send nude pictures of his wife to everyone
       | on his phone."[1] It is a horrible system, and Google doesn't
       | care about poor people getting scammed. Some victims even
       | committed suicide because of the threat of releasing their
       | private data.
       | 
       | [1]https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61564038
        
         | kumarm wrote:
         | Information related to Google Play and Indian loan apps here
         | seem to be driven by inaccuracies.
         | 
         | Most of loan apps require users to download APK and side load
         | them. Google play removed a number of them from Play app store.
         | 
         | What is the role of Google here? Make it harder to side load
         | apps in countries like India? I would think it raises more
         | issues than it solves.
        
           | josephcsible wrote:
           | When the apps in question are being sideloaded, Google
           | shouldn't be doing anything about it. The government should
           | instead, by freezing the accounts that the scammers want the
           | loan repayments to be sent to (or if the accounts are with
           | foreign banks, ban domestic banks and payment processors from
           | sending any money to them).
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | nikanj wrote:
         | It's interesting how popular Google products remain,
         | considering their well-earned reputation of Never Giving A Shit
        
           | rahimnathwani wrote:
           | "these apps are all running from China"
           | 
           | I'm curious about this. Can you please tell us more?
        
             | nixcraft wrote:
             | The servers for these apps are in China, but the owners are
             | in other countries, Mexico, India, China etc. So it is hard
             | for police to get a warrant to shut down servers when
             | crossborder issues are involved. I am not an expert in such
             | crimes, but they make it hard for local police to shut them
             | down.
        
               | oefrha wrote:
               | If the government can ban TikTok and a bunch of other
               | popular apps overnight, surely it's not hard to get scam
               | apps removed from Google Play if they cared at all?
        
               | josephcsible wrote:
               | Wasn't the TikTok ban only effective because ByteDance
               | didn't try to evade it?
        
               | pdntspa wrote:
               | Interesting... I was under the impression that it was
               | hard to get hosting in China unless you have a chinese
               | company with the CCP's blessing
               | 
               | So do they let foreigners set up hosting accounts in
               | China then?
        
               | bobkazamakis wrote:
               | are you asking what laws criminals are following?
        
               | pdntspa wrote:
               | No, I just thought the chinese government regulated
               | internet hosting very closely. Or implying that it is
               | also complicit in these schemes.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Might be easier to get Chinese hosting if the traffic
               | doesn't go to China?
        
         | spaceman_2020 wrote:
         | Appreciate that the RBI is going tough on digital lending.
         | 
         | The number of scammy, scummy app based lenders was getting out
         | of control.
        
         | vishnugupta wrote:
         | I came here to mention about situation in India too; so I'll
         | add on to this.
         | 
         | Enforcement Directorate (ED) of India in a span of one week has
         | frozen bank accounts of two crypto companies on the charges
         | that Chinese lending apps were using them to move the money out
         | of India. First WazirX[1] a popular exchange and then Vauld[2].
         | 
         | [1] https://bit.ly/3PrKk5g [2] https://bit.ly/3djQ9V2
        
         | jimmaswell wrote:
         | 1. Buy a cheap used phone+burner sim for $20
         | 
         | 2. Set up a fake Google account, nudes from Google image
         | search, and scammer numbers as contacts
         | 
         | 3. Take these loans and wipe the phone or let them "hack" the
         | worthless phone
         | 
         | 4. Profit as these people being out of reach of the police goes
         | both ways?
        
           | frostwarrior wrote:
           | And doing all this work for a $100 loan?
        
             | cowtools wrote:
             | It can be automated. And if it can't, there are armies of
             | people in the third world who can "automate" it for you,
             | like solving capchas.
             | 
             | Also It's not a $100 loan. The insinuation is that it'a
             | $100 dollars that you take and run.
        
             | NullPrefix wrote:
             | $100, but you're also doing a good deed.
             | 
             | Donating blood doesn't pay that well either, but people
             | still do it.
        
             | dspillett wrote:
             | A $100 take-and-keep is what I read. Each loan is worth a
             | lot more to the sharks than what a bank would get back from
             | anything similar, so the poster above would be taking
             | potential a lot more in "opportunity cost" from the
             | scammers unless they give in on collection very quickly.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | notdang wrote:
           | They don't approve the loans automatically. They go through
           | your photos, social networks,calls, etc. to make sure it's a
           | real account.
        
             | cowtools wrote:
             | That can be easily faked. Seems susceptible to sybil
             | attacks.
        
               | User23 wrote:
               | Easily is relative. Any defense can be beaten. The
               | question is whether or not it's worth beating it. There's
               | no point in spending a million to crack a safe with a
               | thousand in it. Well, unless you just want to $%^&
               | whoever owns the safe.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | It's surprisingly difficult to fake years worth of
               | conversations with family and friends...
               | 
               | The loanshark can say "show me the conversation with your
               | boss. Show me the conversation with your mom.". They can
               | cross reference things between the person's memory and
               | the conversations. They can download all the
               | conversations and put them in a database so the same
               | conversation set can't be used to take out another loan.
               | 
               | They can also call your contacts to confirm details - ie.
               | 'can you confirm Mary is your daughter? Does she have 2
               | cats and a dog?'
        
               | bagels wrote:
               | They can do that, but are they actually doing that?
        
               | true_religion wrote:
               | They would do that if they needed because people were
               | spoofing the system. Or they would do what the
               | traditional banks are doing: avoid lending to people
               | without a proven track multi-year record, physical
               | location to monitor, and assets to hold as collateral for
               | a downpayment.
               | 
               | However, I'm curious about one thing. Everyone who
               | suggest spoofing the system for the sake of privacy, do
               | you believe people who do that... will actually also
               | repay the loan they were given? Or would they just use a
               | fake name & commit fraud?
        
             | spaceman_2020 wrote:
             | Very sure that you can spoof all of the above with 2-3
             | hours of effort.
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | I wonder how much effort it would be to automate the
               | process of creating real-looking data (via AI or public-
               | domain data) and then watch the money roll in (or at the
               | very least DoS these scams enough that they can no longer
               | tell _real_ loan applications from all the noise).
        
             | duxup wrote:
             | This sounds like a sorta fun thing to try to pull off...
        
             | brundolf wrote:
             | New use for generative AI?
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | Set up a bunch of emulators and you can do this at scale!
           | Should earn you a quick few thousand dollars before these
           | scanners catch up.
        
           | Zircom wrote:
           | You can already do this with the existing "loan" apps like
           | Dave or Brigit in the US. They're not legally loans and
           | there's no expectation or requirement to actually pay them
           | back, and they can't pursue you for it or send it to debt
           | collection. Just take out the "loan", call their customer
           | service line and remove your bank account, and that's it.
           | Free money.
           | 
           | Dave Terms of use section 9.3:
           | 
           | "However, Dave warrants that it has no legal or contractual
           | claim against you based on a failure to repay an Advance, but
           | Dave will not provide you further Advances while any amount
           | remains unpaid under the Advance Service. With respect to a
           | failure to repay an Advance, Dave warrants it will not engage
           | in any debt collection activities, place the amount owed with
           | or sell to a third party, or report you to a consumer
           | reporting agency. "
           | 
           | Empower Terms of Service dated Dec. 8th 2021 Section "Empower
           | Advance"
           | 
           | "We offer Empower Advances on a nonrecourse basis. This means
           | you have no unconditional obligation to repay any Empower
           | Advance. Consequently, we warrant to you that we have no
           | contractual or legal claim against you for an Empower
           | Advance, and we will not engage in debt collection
           | activities, place the amount advanced with or sell to a third
           | party, or make any reports to credit reporting agencies
           | regarding your Empower Advance. However, we reserve the right
           | to deny you access to Empower Advance if you (i) do not meet
           | the qualification requirements, (ii) request an excessive
           | number of Empower Advances in succession, or (iii) do not
           | repay the full balance of an Empower Advance. "
           | 
           | MoneyLion Instacash Help Center - Instacash - " What happens
           | if I can't make my Instacash repayment?"
           | 
           | " Remember that you have no obligation to repay any Instacash
           | advance you receive but you won't have access to additional
           | Instacash advances until you have repaid all of your previous
           | advances and related Tips and Turbo Fees. It's important to
           | know that when you miss a payment, we will continue to
           | attempt to repay your Instacash advance and any related Tips
           | and Turbo Fees from your eligible accounts as long as your
           | payment authorizations for those accounts remain active. You
           | can withdraw the payment authorizations on your accounts or
           | debit cards by following the prompts in the MoneyLion App to
           | remove the payment method or by contacting customer service
           | at customercare@moneylion.com, 1-801-252-4427, or at ML Plus
           | LLC, Attn Customer Service, P.O. Box 1547, Sandy, UT
           | 84091-1547. Please note: You must notify us at least three
           | (3) business days (business days are Mondays through Fridays,
           | excluding bank holidays) before your scheduled repayment date
           | to give us and your financial institution sufficient time to
           | process the revocation."
        
             | atlasunshrugged wrote:
             | Have you tried it? Very curious to know what happens in
             | practice if you try to do this
        
               | Zircom wrote:
               | I haven't personally, but know several people that run in
               | some of the same online circles as me that have with zero
               | issues. Most of them even went about 6 months taking out
               | and paying back advances on time just so the apps would
               | start lending them even more, and only once they got it
               | up to like $500 is when they'd take the money and "run".
        
             | vuln wrote:
             | 3. Dave reports your advance settlements to Equifax on a
             | monthly cycle. It may take up to 2 cycles for this activity
             | to be reflected in your credit history with Equifax. Terms
             | apply, see dave.com/extra-cash for more details.
        
           | Gordonjcp wrote:
           | > nudes from Google image search
           | 
           | thesenudesdonotexist.com
           | 
           | If that doesn't already exist someone needs to make it.
        
             | notjulianjaynes wrote:
             | It's redirecting me to a site that's down, but appears to
             | be associated with https://twitter.com/haremtoken
        
               | Gordonjcp wrote:
               | I mean I said it as a joke, but I can't say I'm surprised
               | it's a valid registered domain.
        
       | Biologist123 wrote:
       | As I understand it, the way these apps work is:
       | 
       | 1. The loan interest rate is set relative to a base default rate
       | of a population sample of lenders. Therefore very easy to predict
       | capital return, but means interest rates are usually high to
       | cover high rate of defaults.
       | 
       | 2. Defaulting loans are sold to local debt collectors for
       | collection, who presumably are quite ruthless.
       | 
       | 3. There are a few companies which white label the software
       | needed to run this sort of scheme, so presumably the operator
       | only has to drop in capital.
       | 
       | If you have further information on how these businesses work,
       | please respond!
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | The article also states that the apps deliberately obfuscate
         | the costs (50% fee deducted from the loan amount) and terms
         | (due in 7 days with 300% interest) of the loan.
        
         | xtracto wrote:
         | I built the system of reputale a Mexican startup that did
         | online lending, so I have some insight:
         | 
         | 1. This is a real problem in Mexico: people complain about high
         | interest rates. However, for these kind of bullet loans , you
         | see 30% of default in the FIRST loan. And back when we were
         | starting on 2013-14 we had up to 70% of default due to fraud.
         | 
         | So, with around 30% 1st default and about 15% 2nd default, we
         | created revenue models that considered that, CAC, cost of funds
         | and opex to define the interest rate... that very high APR
         | really was not making people rich overnight.
         | 
         | See, one problem in Mexico is that defaulting in a loan is not
         | a crime, so theres legally NOTHING a lender can do to make you
         | pay if you decide not to. The only repercussion is that you
         | Credit Buro gets tainted, for 6 years. I've read of people that
         | get a $100,000MXN loan and then just change phones, move
         | apartments and wait for 6 years to clean their credit buro.
         | 
         | 2. Default loans deffinitely are sold, for cents to the peso.
         | But usually only the ones that are very old. Now, there are
         | different types of collection agencies. Where I worked, we
         | tried to he very reputable so we only chose the least shady
         | ones. But in reality the only thing they could do is call you.
         | Even calling your provided references is illegal. We actually
         | stopped asking for references IIRC.
         | 
         | 3. I dont know but dont doubt it. BUT, have a look at
         | Fineract/MifosX: an open source loan management system. Its
         | relatively easy to setup a lending operation using that. It's
         | pretty comprehensive.
         | 
         | All in all, there are very shady app/online lending services in
         | Mexico. But it is nothing exclusive of the internet. Way before
         | this, you heard of lenders that would do "collections" by
         | getting some tough guys from prison (yup, in some prisons they
         | can get out for the day like nothing, for some cash) and
         | knocking at the debtor's door with baseball bats, wrenches or
         | any other hard weapon . If you didn't pay they broke your legs
         | or worse.
         | 
         | That now it happens online is only the natural evolution of the
         | shithole that is my country, unfortunately.
        
           | ryandrake wrote:
           | > See, one problem in Mexico is that defaulting in a loan is
           | not a crime
           | 
           | Nor should it be. Lenders like to conveniently forget: the
           | risk of default is the reason they charge interest. If there
           | was no risk of default, you couldn't really justify charging
           | much interest, could you?
           | 
           | Issuing a loan is a business arrangement, and default is one
           | of several clearly defined ways of exiting that arrangement.
           | Lenders have been very successful in their attempt to smear
           | default as some sort of _moral_ failure. Like you 're some
           | kind of bad person for making a sensible business decision!
        
             | cornel_io wrote:
             | Is the US any different? I'm pretty sure it's almost
             | impossible to get a criminal conviction for bad debt these
             | days. Maybe in a really extreme case like a deliberate
             | fraud scheme that used defaulting as a key part of the
             | process, but not a normal person just normally not repaying
             | a loan.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | To be vulnerable to this kind of extortion, there has to be
       | something about your life, true or false, that you'd prefer
       | people not say about you.
       | 
       | I was thinking, and I don't think there is anything that I
       | wouldn't want said to my friends or family.
       | 
       | Everything that could be said is either plainly untrue, or
       | wouldn't sufficiently bother me to change my behaviour.
       | 
       | I wonder how other people get into positions where this isn't the
       | case for them?
        
         | pdntspa wrote:
         | > there has to be something about your life, true or false
         | 
         | There are plenty of false things that anyone can say about
         | literally anyone, including you. If the lie is well-crafted
         | enough, good luck defending against it.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Perhaps give some examples?
           | 
           | Everything I can think of is either easily demonstrably
           | false, or I just wouldn't care, because my friends and family
           | either wouldn't believe the attacker over my word, or because
           | it just isn't something that matters to me.
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | I remember a quote that goes along the lines of "the amount
             | of effort to refute bullshit is orders of magnitude higher
             | than what is needed to produce it".
             | 
             | They can essentially DoS you by spreading libellous
             | statements which will take lots of effort to refute and
             | encourage people to distance themselves from you as to not
             | become collateral damage themselves.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | I heard londons_explore has a secret repository of
             | PHP/Java(script)/Lisp/C(++)/Ruby/Visual Basic and doesn't
             | want anyone to know?
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | News to me! I guess it's so secret I've forgotten it!
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | I guess that falls in the category of 'rumours of the
               | existence of a thing that doesn't exist and is
               | embarrassing'. Obviously it's very hard to disprove such
               | a rumour, but it is quite easy to just say "I don't care,
               | and you shouldn't either" as a response.
        
         | dymk wrote:
         | Be gay and live in most parts of the world
        
         | npteljes wrote:
         | One of these vulnerabilities is living in Mexico. From TFA:
         | 
         | "He starts getting this very, very graphic images of
         | dismembered bodies. You know, real images probably taken from
         | those websites that have pictures from drug dealers and the
         | terrible things they do here in Mexico.
         | 
         | So he's being sent this true, these real pictures. And of
         | course any Mexican will immediately get very scared, very
         | intimidating, thinking that organized crime is behind
         | something. You don't want to be their target. You start fearing
         | for your life. They have your address. They have information on
         | your children, your wife, he's very scared."
        
       | josephcsible wrote:
       | More proof that Google doesn't care about you: they ban call
       | recording apps from the Play Store but not apps like these ones.
        
         | xtracto wrote:
         | It's strange and crazy: back in 2014 I worked building what we
         | thought was a reputable online lending platform in Mexico. We
         | were the first online lender. And we were at least _trying_ to
         | do things right.
         | 
         | Nevertheless, Google banned us from AdWords/Adsense: we could
         | not advertise our services even if people searched for the
         | company name. The list of banned businesses was: porn,
         | drug,guns and us... that's how "low" was the stance of the
         | business we were doing.
         | 
         | Ff to this day it seems The Goog has seen good money in this
         | vertical , so that it turns a blind eye to fraud.
        
         | fzfaa wrote:
         | Why should they blanket ban loan apps?
        
           | josephcsible wrote:
           | They shouldn't blanket ban all loan apps, but they should ban
           | ones that steal all of your data when you open them, that lie
           | about their terms, or that consider extortion or defamation
           | to be acceptable debt collection methods.
        
         | tjpnz wrote:
         | Similar situation on YouTube. Posting historical footage of the
         | Apollo program nets you Copyright strikes while actual
         | criminals can livestream crypto scams with utter impunity.
        
           | prvit wrote:
           | This is nonsense though. Criminals livestreaming crypto scams
           | go through hundreds of hacked accounts every day, their stuff
           | is constantly getting taken down.
           | 
           | It's just their incentive structure which is different than
           | that of the Apollo program footage uploader.
        
             | tjpnz wrote:
             | Except they're not all getting taken down. I've observed
             | multiple fake Elon Musk/SpaceX accounts with histories
             | going back months.
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | > go through hundreds of hacked accounts every day, their
             | stuff is constantly getting taken down.
             | 
             | YouTube has very advanced image & voice recognition
             | technology that is very efficient at flagging (and
             | demonetizing) certain content merely based on trigger words
             | (terrible for science channels that show
             | fire/explosions/etc even though there is no violence
             | involved).
             | 
             | If crypto is such a popular target, maybe introduce an
             | extra verification step (that requires uploading ID/etc) to
             | whitelist channels for crypto-related content, and any
             | other channels that have not done the verification (because
             | they don't plan to upload crypto content) can't upload
             | anything that matches those words? This would at least
             | prevent non-crypto-related channels from being hacked and
             | suddenly starting a crypto scam livestream.
             | 
             | The reason it's not done of course is because Google bears
             | no liability (despite promoting these scams in the
             | "recommended" section) and the scammers & victims still
             | generate "engagement" and watch ads.
        
               | prvit wrote:
               | >YouTube has very advanced image & voice recognition
               | technology that is very efficient at flagging (and
               | demonetizing) certain content merely based on trigger
               | words (terrible for science channels that show
               | fire/explosions/etc even though there is no violence
               | involved).
               | 
               | Or perhaps the technology isn't that advanced, and
               | cryptocurrency scammers have stronger incentives to work
               | around it than legitimate channels?
        
             | throw_m239339 wrote:
             | I remember during the PS5 reveal stream, Youtube was
             | recommending me crypto scam live streams promising free PS5
             | and Youtube was taking down none of them. Youtube was
             | actively recommending me scams, I don't care how flawed
             | their recommendation algorithm is, it was unacceptable.
        
       | leach wrote:
       | Be aware of other scams too, some women are sending nudes to
       | people and screenshoting theirs in hopes of extorting.
       | 
       | Really have to just stay frosty all the time now.
        
         | CharlesW wrote:
         | "Sending nudes" is the "committing private keys to a public
         | repo" of dating.
        
           | leach wrote:
           | Yep, pretty much. Crazy what some people will do to just not
           | work a regular job.
        
       | xtracto wrote:
       | Tangentially related to part of the text in the article : A lot
       | of these and other apps ask you to share documents, camera, mic,
       | gps, and other access from your phone . The problem is that
       | several of those wont work if you reject that access. Even worse,
       | Mexican government passed a law that made it compulsory to
       | monitor your GPS position for Banks and other money related
       | companies, so doing relatively common bank transactions require
       | you to lose your privacy.
       | 
       | Given these blatant privacy violations, I wish mobiles had the
       | option to "mock" data for those sensors. Share files? Sure, give
       | access to a jail like bkank file system. Share mic? Sure, give
       | access to a white noise generated stream, same with video/camera.
       | Share gps? Give some mock location, etc.
       | 
       | That's what a privacy enabled device would do.
       | 
       | I wonder why hasn't this even been implemented at the browser
       | level.
        
         | airtonix wrote:
         | yeah, just launch a android virtual machine.
        
           | metadat wrote:
           | Won't work for any bank apps which require a passing check
           | through the phone cryptographic integrity chip.
        
         | User23 wrote:
         | Isn't this standard for educational software too now? My
         | understanding is you can't take a test remotely unless it's on
         | a rooted system.
        
         | _HMCB_ wrote:
         | GPS position sharing is a little frightening isn't it? I mean,
         | if some of these apps are cartel or organized crime related,
         | this could become a real physical threat.
        
         | bornfreddy wrote:
         | Afaik this is what MicroG does, though their aim is different.
         | They mimic Google services responses so that the apps work
         | without G proprietary libraries and services but I don't think
         | privacy is their stated goal (I'd love for someone to correct
         | me if I'm wrong, not using MicroG myself).
        
         | leaflets2 wrote:
         | I wonder if then the politicians would make it illegal to fake
         | one's GPS location or just have the ability to fake it
        
       | donohoe wrote:
       | It references this story which to me is very troubling:
       | Contreras told the story of one woman who fell victim       to
       | these schemes named Maria. After Maria took a loan,       agents
       | for the app iFectivo sent her 13-year-old daughter,       her
       | cousin, her nieces, and more than a dozen of her other
       | contacts a picture of a nude woman with her face
       | photoshopped on. iFectivo told her contacts she had       become
       | a prostitute to pay her debts.
       | 
       | Full story (referenced in TechPolicy article):
       | https://restofworld.org/2022/mexico-scam-loan-apps/
       | 
       | Troubling, unethical, illegal stuff.
        
         | api wrote:
         | Stuff like this is what disabused me long ago of extreme forms
         | of libertarianism. Most libertarians and also some defund the
         | police types on the left are just woefully naive about what
         | monsters people can be. Turns out we need a very active police
         | force and regulatory state or people will almost literally eat
         | the vulnerable.
        
         | fzfaa wrote:
         | What calls my attention of this story is that employees of that
         | app would go through the trouble of creating a credible shopped
         | image of her and sending it to all of her contacts. Do they
         | have almost no clients, was the loan particularly big, do they
         | have loads of employees just to do this...?
        
           | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
           | These scams are run as boiler rooms, where everyone is
           | working on commission. Actually my understanding is it's a
           | bit more of a pyramid scheme, where the senior folks get a
           | cut of everything, closers get a cut from openers, etc.
           | 
           | But anyhow, point is these scammers are often motivated to go
           | to considerable effort, because the ultimate prize is a
           | pretty big cut of someone's life savings. But of course only
           | a few ever achieve that. The rest will just try for a while
           | then churn out, while the ultimate owners count their money.
        
           | thatguy0900 wrote:
           | It is not hard at all to create a credible head swap photo
           | shopped image. Probably a one man job to do it to everyone
           | they want to do it too.
        
             | bornfreddy wrote:
             | With ML, it can be (unfortunately, in this case) automated.
             | One victim - lots of work. Thousands - almost the same
             | amount.
        
           | IncRnd wrote:
           | Clearly, that is the leverage the lenders have over their
           | clientele, instead of credit reporting or asset seizure.
        
           | duxup wrote:
           | I wonder if there is a personal aspect to this, not just
           | being scammers but also kinda creepy people / maybe already
           | familiar with harassing people/ know people who will do it
           | for them.
        
           | nyolfen wrote:
           | alternatively, it was just a real photo from her phone
        
           | toxicFork wrote:
           | It was just the next jira ticket
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | While there is plenty of room for doubt about micro-lending (see
       | [1] which I hosted, by Hugh Sinclair, a guy who's actually been
       | there in the field), I don't think it's fair to call these scams
       | "micro-lending." Maybe they're taking advantage of the favorite
       | PR that micro-loans get.
       | 
       | In the micro-lending plans that Oxfam and other legit charities
       | back, borrowers meet in person with the lenders, and no hounding
       | takes place. Most of them pay their loans back promptly.
       | 
       | However, the stories about "poor woman buys a sewing machine;
       | lifts her family out of poverty" are mostly just feel-good PR to
       | milk the donors. More often, they buy a stall in the market to
       | sell produce, and there's only so many stalls the market can
       | support.
       | 
       | The real scandal of micro-lending, as Hugh explains, is that the
       | interest rates are scandalously high, and the lenders are mostly
       | using it as a way to buy SUVs and milk the First World donors who
       | want to feel good.
       | 
       | These scams are _not_ "micro-lending."
       | 
       | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhdZ2RfmiXo
        
         | lupire wrote:
        
       | syntaxing wrote:
       | 100% serious question, does iOS prevent this? Or is the
       | demographic of iOS vastly different?
        
         | duskwuff wrote:
         | Apple does allow personal loan apps, but sets limits on
         | interest rates and repayment deadlines (<=36% APR, >=60 days)
         | which effectively ban the type of app at issue here. Requesting
         | permissions to all of the user's contacts and photos in a loan
         | app wouldn't pass review, either, and the fact that Apple
         | doesn't permit sideloading is an effective block against the
         | "subway flyer" tactic.
        
         | netr0ute wrote:
         | If you are getting a quick, small loan in Mexico, you probably
         | don't have an iPhone because they cost multiple times as much
         | as an Android one. So, it's not worth it to make these apps for
         | iPhone users because that demographic is totally the opposite
         | of what you want.
        
           | xtracto wrote:
           | I dont know why you are being downvoted. I know what You
           | wrote is fact. I worked building the systems of such an
           | online lending company in Mexico, and I had to _fire_ my only
           | iOS developer because we saw we dint have enough demand in
           | those devices.
           | 
           | Shootout to Jesus, the iOS developer & DJ. He was such a
           | great guy to work for, and really killed me to let him go. He
           | is a great guy :)
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | The whole microloan program has been hyped for over a decade now,
       | but as this story shows, the outcome more often than not has been
       | more like mafia loansharking than actual economic development
       | under the entrepreneurial free-market model. This can be
       | explained via the notion that "enterpreneurs without lawyers end
       | up getting screwed over more often than not" and the people who
       | get these microloans just can't afford to hire lawyers to protect
       | themselves.
       | 
       | While it's a right-wing trope, the microloan program has been
       | heavily promoted by the likes of the Soros-Omidyar crowd, with
       | the typical humanitarian patina covering what's really just
       | predatory capitalism:
       | 
       |  _" We have seen what microloans can do at the individual level
       | and are excited about bringing that same opportunity to small and
       | medium businesses," said Jim Bunch, Director of Investments at
       | Omidyar Network._
       | 
       | Here's another expository write-up of the phenomenon, in
       | Cambodia. Looks very similar to India, Mexico, etc.
       | 
       | https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2019/8/6/cambodias-micro-l...
       | 
       | [edit] for more on background on this global trend and its
       | origins (2007)
       | 
       | > "Microcredit is the newest silver bullet for alleviating
       | poverty. Wealthy philanthropists such as financier George Soros
       | and eBay co-founder Pierre Omidyar are pledging hundreds of
       | millions of dollars to the microcredit movement. Global
       | commercial banks, such as Citigroup Inc. and Deutsche Bank AG,
       | are establishing microfinance funds. Even people with just a few
       | dollars to spare are going to microcredit Web sites and, with a
       | click of the mouse, lending money to rice farmers in Ecuador and
       | auto mechanics in Togo... Wealthy philanthropists, banks, and
       | online donors aren't the only ones fascinated with microcredit.
       | The United Nations designated 2005 as the International Year of
       | Microcredit..."
       | 
       | https://ssir.org/articles/entry/microfinance_misses_its_mark
        
         | unknownaccount wrote:
         | The micro loan system works fine in USA & countries that
         | actually enforce laws against extortion. I've gotten close to
         | 0% interest rate instant loans for $100- $200 with Dave,
         | Earnin, and MoneyLion. Been in the red for many months and
         | never received even 1 threatening phone call, text, or letter.
         | These apps saved me in a pinch and had seemingly no downside.
        
         | AlbertCory wrote:
         | Whatever else it is, it isn't new.
         | 
         | The Grameen Bank in Bangladesh was first publicized in the West
         | 20 years ago.
         | 
         | It also isn't "predatory capitalism." Rather, it's NGO-ism.
         | It's charitable donations from liberal-minded people that drive
         | it.
        
           | photochemsyn wrote:
           | Every time I hear these notions of well-meaning billionaire
           | philanthropists set on making the world a better place, I'm
           | unavoidably reminded of this short passage in Conrad's Heart
           | of Darkness:
           | 
           | > "It appeared, however, I was also one of the Workers, with
           | a capital--you know. Something like an emissary of light,
           | something like a lower sort of apostle. There had been a lot
           | of such rot let loose in print and talk just about that time,
           | and the excellent woman, living right in the rush of all that
           | humbug, got carried off her feet. She talked about 'weaning
           | those ignorant millions from their horrid ways,' till, upon
           | my word, she made me quite uncomfortable. I ventured to hint
           | that the Company was run for profit."
           | 
           | If it was real philanthropy, the model would be one of no-
           | strings-attached grants, delivered via a competitive process
           | open to people in disadvantaged communities - not a model
           | based on loans which must be repayed with interest, with
           | collection agencies lurking in the background to go after
           | defaulters in this manner.
           | 
           | This is why people are better off cutting deals with the
           | hard-nosed businesspeople who spell out risks and conditions
           | upfront, rather than the liberal do-gooder snake-oil
           | merchants with their ulterior motives.
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | I'm reminded of Mrs. Jellyby in _Bleak House_ , myself, but
             | yeah.
             | 
             | The original idea of Grameen Bank was a circle of poor
             | people (all women, usually) who jointly promise to each
             | other to repay the loans. The fact that it's a loan, your
             | friends are monitoring you, and you have to pay it back
             | means that you have to take it seriously. It was hard to
             | argue with that, 20 years ago.
             | 
             | Over time, though, it's morphed into "Big Western
             | philanthropic institution sweeps in, spends 24 hours,
             | leaves, and writes a check. Then the locals hire more staff
             | and buy another SUV."
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | sandGorgon wrote:
       | > _Last year, a Reuters investigation by Rina Chandran found
       | dozens of lending apps in India that appeared to violate Google's
       | policies against short-term loans_
       | 
       | just FYI - this is contrary to the product and the law of India.
       | Google is not the regulator.
       | 
       | For example Manndeshi foundation runs 24 hour loans for women
       | vegetable sellers - who take a loan in the morning and pay back
       | at night.
       | 
       | Google Play "ethics" is US-centric. It does not take into account
       | the realities of the local demographics. for example sub 90 day
       | loans are illegal on Play - a lot of microfinance in
       | India/Bangladesh is sub 90 days.
       | 
       | What ends up happening is demonisation of everyone not playing by
       | Google Play's rules and gets termed as "predatory".
        
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