[HN Gopher] Did Bach "invent" the rules of music theory?
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       Did Bach "invent" the rules of music theory?
        
       Author : revorad
       Score  : 29 points
       Date   : 2022-08-17 17:02 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (michaelberrymusic.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (michaelberrymusic.com)
        
       | pierrec wrote:
       | The statistical study of Bach's works seems interesting. That
       | said, I'm not convinced that any of the cited works (McHose,
       | Hanson...) suggest that Bach invented the rules of music theory,
       | they just use him as an prime example for baroque counterpoint.
       | I'm sure those authors are quite familiar with Bach's immediate
       | predecessors like Buxtehude, who had a fairly similar style.
        
       | heikkilevanto wrote:
       | Bach was considered in his lifetime to be a rather old-fashioned
       | composer, not one that invented new theories. Still a respected
       | composer, of course, and quite productive.
       | 
       | That was a time when many people wrote about music theory in one
       | way or another: Corelli, Rameau, Telemann, Quantz, Handel, etc.
       | My understanding is that they mostly tried to explain the
       | existing tradition of baroque music, more than invent new theory.
       | After Bach died, musical tastes changed, and music developed into
       | a different direction.
        
         | motohagiography wrote:
         | I'd argue baroque music, and particularly Bach's work wasn't
         | merely a tradition and an affect of taste and fashion, it was
         | discovered, and it is still being discovered though statistical
         | and other analysis techniques used on his work today. Bach's
         | work is all about expressions of implied symmetries and forms,
         | and one of the most interesting aspects of it is that you can
         | essentially extend his pieces by writing consistent theorems in
         | them. It's not just harmony it's iterating the rules within the
         | pieces.
         | 
         | Take this example of Alan Mearn's interpretation of BWV 1007,
         | this isn't mere ornamentation, he has filled out an entire
         | exposition of implied counterpoint, where the alberti bass
         | evolves into a completely new voice:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wp98MRKrs2U I'm biased because
         | I think Mearns' new Bach album is the most important
         | interpretation since Gould's Goldberg Variations, and I'm
         | working my way through his sheet music edition, but this idea
         | that Bach's work was an artifact of a time whose importance is
         | diminished by progress is farcical. It's a foundation without
         | which there would be nothing approaching what we know today.
        
         | Bud wrote:
         | But how different, really? Bach still has a lot of relevance in
         | the present day. Try out Paul Simon's "American Tune". Based on
         | a Bach chorale.
        
         | galaxyLogic wrote:
         | > they mostly tried to explain the existing tradition of
         | baroque music, more than invent new theory
         | 
         | Explaining existing music means creating new theory. Creating
         | music and creating a theory about it are two different things.
        
         | klik99 wrote:
         | This is how I understand it too - though "the rules of
         | counterpoint" as they are taught today were really codified
         | after Bach (who was already ~50 years out of date!). Typically
         | (not always!) the "rules" of a style of music are malleable and
         | flexible and argued over while the music is still relevant and
         | codified into unchangeable standards after they have fallen out
         | of fashion. Blues is a good modern example. Dubstep and the 100
         | related genres and vaporwave and it's 100 related genres, are
         | counter-examples, instead slightly changing the rules becomes a
         | new subgenre, which I feel is the same effect but manifesting
         | itself differently.
         | 
         | Bach himself "breaks" at least one rule in every piece, and I
         | can think of one rule that was really due to technological
         | limitations of the time - not modulating to more than 2 keys
         | away, because they didn't have 12-TET and going more than a few
         | keys away sounded more and more dissonant - keyboard
         | instruments were tuned to a specific key.
         | 
         | The story I'm trying to tell is people arguing about the rules
         | of music is no different than how composers/producers/song
         | writers about music today with modern genres, and when some
         | genre dies, the old guard tries to keep it "pure" by zeroing on
         | a set of commonly used stylistic techniques and calling it "the
         | rules" which makes the music more bland and uninteresting by
         | smoothing out the rough edges.
         | 
         | I was taught counterpoint by one of Shostakovichs last
         | students, and my opinion on rules is greatly influenced by him
         | - it's good to learn the rules, even though they aren't really
         | rules, and all the greatest music from that time was written
         | decades before the rules were even codified.
        
       | mmcclimon wrote:
       | Oh boy. Music theory, as such, has no "rules," and so of course
       | Bach did not invent them. Music theory is a descriptive
       | enterprise, which aims to make sense of music as
       | composed/performed/enacted by humans. (I have a PhD in music
       | theory.)
       | 
       | Bach's chorales were functional music for the Lutheran church,
       | and to the extent that they form any sort of "rules" in music
       | theory, it comes from the fact that they have been used to teach
       | harmony for a long time (since at least the 1940s, as evidenced
       | by this article). The reason for that isn't so much that they're
       | prime examples of Western common-practice harmony, but rather
       | that they have a homogeneous texture that's easy to use in
       | classrooms, because they're easy for one person to play at the
       | piano or for students to sing.
       | 
       | Recent music theory pedagogy has largely been moving _away_ from
       | the reliance on Bach chorales to teach harmony, especially as
       | music theory has taken a broader perspective on what music we
       | should be studying anyway. Studying the Bach chorales is just
       | fine if you want to know about how Bach used harmony, but there
       | 's a whole lot of music in the world, and there's no meaningful
       | sense in which Bach's music intrinsically defines a set of rules
       | any more than Mozart's or Clara Schumann's or AC/DC's or Meredith
       | Monk's defines a set of rules.
        
         | hooboodoo wrote:
         | I find it interesting that all of your examples to help define
         | the broadness of musical theory as you see it are all,
         | themselves, descended from western musical thought. That might
         | speak to the point being made in a different way than any of us
         | consider it.
        
       | yomkippur wrote:
       | oh good god, here comes the software engineer turned armchair
       | music theorists in the comment section.
        
       | Bud wrote:
       | Since this article focuses in on Bach chorales, here's a project
       | I headed up in 2020 during the first months of covid to record
       | (remotely; each person recorded their part individually, then
       | sent it in) all the chorales from Bach's St. Matthew Passion,
       | with some of the greatest Bach singers and players in North
       | America, along with a brief talk before each chorale. Also, we
       | obtained an acoustical model of Bach's church (the Thomaskirche
       | in Leipzig) from its creator, and rendered the sound into that
       | space, with each musician placed approximately where Bach would
       | have had them.
       | 
       | Enjoy.
       | 
       | http://spiritsound.com/operationbach/index.html
       | 
       | or here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCm41dm8K6pS5Grt-
       | LqYLVSg/vid...
        
         | galaxyLogic wrote:
         | Cool
        
       | jimbob45 wrote:
       | The answer is resoundingly no. If anyone deserves to be called
       | the father or mother or modern music theory, it would be
       | Pythagoras.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jancsika wrote:
         | > The answer is resoundingly no.
         | 
         | Not only is it a resounding no, there is ongoing research to
         | find the roots of this cliche.
         | 
         | I can't seem to find the article, but it traces it back to this
         | chemical engineer who did a statistical analysis of the bass
         | lines and cadencial formulae in Bach's chorales.
         | 
         | I've even seen some scans of his analyses, it's wild stuff.
         | Maybe it's on libgen? I can't remember but you can probably do
         | a search for it...
         | 
         | Edit: added a link to the article
         | 
         | Edit2: nope, never mind, that wasn't it. But if I find it I'll
         | add the URL later...
        
         | klipt wrote:
         | Did Pythagoras actually write any music worth listening too?
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | We don't know. From what I've read, we know a little bit
           | about early theory, but don't know precisely what scales and
           | intervals they were talking about.
        
             | mmcclimon wrote:
             | We know quite a lot about Greek music theory (Thomas
             | Mathiesen's _Apollo 's Lyre: Greek Music and Music Theory
             | in Antiquity in the Middle Ages_ is the go-to source here:
             | https://archive.org/details/mathiesen-1999-apollos-
             | lyre/page...). Of course we don't have recordings, but we
             | do have a solid understanding of the theory, and some very
             | good guesses as to the scales and intervals.
        
           | Stratoscope wrote:
           | Not that we have live recordings of.
           | 
           | But there is no doubt that he was a pioneer of music theory.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_tuning
           | 
           | https://www.jstor.org/stable/24045969 ( _Pythagoras and the
           | Origin of Music Theory_ )
           | 
           | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.00998.pdf ( _Dynamical systems,
           | celestial mechanics, and music: Pythagoras revisited_ )
        
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