[HN Gopher] Prenatal cannabis exposure associated with mental di...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Prenatal cannabis exposure associated with mental disorders in
       children
        
       Author : lame-robot-hoax
       Score  : 103 points
       Date   : 2022-09-12 21:48 UTC (1 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nih.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nih.gov)
        
       | pier25 wrote:
       | I know my mother smoked cannabis when she was pregnant back in
       | the 70s (hippie parents etc). Maybe it wasn't related to that,
       | but I did experience a number of mental disorders from my
       | childhood to my late 20s.
        
       | endisneigh wrote:
       | Weed is bad for you, what a shocker. Like all drugs you have to
       | weigh the positive effects with the negative. Generally it's bad
       | to do most rec drugs if pregnant or around kids.
        
         | 29athrowaway wrote:
         | Cannabis is a vasodilator, among many other things.
        
         | dekken_ wrote:
         | Water is bad for you in sufficient quantities.
        
           | endisneigh wrote:
           | what does water have to do with anything?
        
             | dekken_ wrote:
             | The point is that weed isn't _just_ bad for you, it depends
             | on your condition and the dosage.
        
               | staringback wrote:
               | Do you need weed to survive?
        
               | jjulius wrote:
               | It's a loose comparison, it doesn't have to be perfect
               | and I'm pretty sure you understand the point they're
               | trying to make.
        
         | Waterluvian wrote:
         | Weed isn't "bad for you" as pointed out by your second
         | sentence. Indeed, it has effects and you need to cost benefit
         | weigh the effects.
        
       | dr_dshiv wrote:
       | " 6 exposures (unplanned pregnancy; maternal alcohol, marijuana,
       | and tobacco use early in pregnancy; pregnancy complications; and
       | birth complications) independently associated with significant
       | but small increases in CBCL total score. Among these 6, none
       | increased the odds of crossing the threshold for clinically
       | significant symptoms by itself. However, odds of exceeding this
       | threshold became significant with 2 exposures (OR = 1.86, 95% CI
       | 1.47-2.36), and increased linearly with each level of exposure
       | (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.31-1.47), up to 3.53-fold for >=4 exposures
       | versus none"
        
         | ttpphd wrote:
         | Huh. Weird that from that result the focus of the conversation
         | is on cannabis.
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | Consuming weed during pregnancy is against Tupac's Thug Life
       | principles.
        
         | version_five wrote:
         | "Don't get me started / my mother smoked so goddamn much when
         | she was pregnant I'm surprised I ain't retarded"?
        
       | lame-robot-hoax wrote:
       | Full title that wouldn't fit: Prenatal cannabis exposure
       | associated with mental disorders in children that persist into
       | early adolescence
        
       | metamateme wrote:
       | How could you possibly control for the major confounder of
       | "having the kind of parent who would intentionally subject their
       | unborn child to THC"?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | 1-6 wrote:
       | Why are pregnant women smoking weed to begin with?
        
         | gfdsgfdsf wrote:
         | morning sickness, the alternatives such as zofran come with
         | their own complications
        
         | scythe wrote:
         | It's about 5% of pregnant women, while about 14% of women
         | report smoking cannabis, and the rate is significantly higher
         | under age 55:
         | 
         | https://news.gallup.com/poll/284135/percentage-americans-smo...
         | 
         | So probably about 20% of women who may become pregnant smoke
         | marijuana, and 75% of them stop when pregnant, before adjusting
         | for whether they are aware of the pregnancy. There are usually
         | a few irresponsible individuals in any group.
        
         | klyrs wrote:
         | This is a backlash from anti-cannabis disinformation. People
         | were told lies about how dangerous it is for decades, and now
         | people don't know what to believe.
        
         | Maursault wrote:
         | I really think all men should withhold all judgement of women,
         | pregnant or not.
         | 
         | I also think it is interesting, after at least 10K years of
         | use, someone noticed recently there is an association with
         | mental disorders. If it was of any serious concern, it probably
         | would have been noticed in, say, ancient Rome. Also, even the
         | adolescent brain, let alone the prenatal brain, is so plastic
         | as to be able to completely heal from such things as massive
         | head trauma, but a little weed has degraded them for life. Uh
         | uh, right. Any studies covering so short a period and making
         | such grave conclusions immediately draw my skepticism. What are
         | the chances there is conservative funding and bias behind the
         | study? Huge. On with the misogynistic persecution of pregnant
         | women!
        
           | diab0lic wrote:
           | Alcohol has been in use for ~7000 years yet society only
           | began broadly recognizing it as harmful during pregnancy in
           | the 1970s. [0] I don't think the form of your argument holds
           | any weight. Would you make the same claim regarding the use
           | of alcohol during pregnancy?
           | 
           | [0] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26137906/
        
           | someguydave wrote:
           | Women are not in a vacuum, their decisions impact all the
           | people and babies around them and those people and babies
           | have a right to an opinion.
        
           | tristor wrote:
           | > I really think all men should withhold all judgement of
           | women, pregnant or not.
           | 
           | No. The right to an opinion and to express it is not
           | contingent on ones gender or gender expression. It is
           | perfectly reasonable for people to make observations, conduct
           | scientific research, form opinions, and discuss those
           | opinions even if the outcome of such doesn't personally
           | affect them. And, in point of fact, it's /strictly necessary/
           | for societal level issues.
        
           | asveikau wrote:
           | https://www.google.com/search?q=cannabis+psychosis
           | 
           | People are not making this up. It's a risk that needs to be
           | weighed.
           | 
           | Acknowledging this fact is not the same as being in favor of
           | prohibition or criminalization or saying it'll happen to
           | everyone.
        
         | adamrezich wrote:
         | I asked a then-pregnant still-weed-smoking coworker of my
         | fiancee about this, she said "it isn't that bad for the baby,
         | at least compared to alcohol or meth", and another coworker
         | (female, roughly same age) agreed that "meth and booze are
         | really bad for pregnant women, but weed not so much". from the
         | sound of things (this was on a car trip to a nearby Native
         | American reservation where the then-pregnant girl's parents
         | lived), among this strata of people at least, if you get
         | pregnant, you should definitely stop drinking and consuming
         | meth, but weed isn't a big deal. no idea how this entered the
         | public subconscious but there you have it.
        
         | throwuxiytayq wrote:
         | Addiction, self-medication (eg. pain/nausea relief), escapism,
         | peer pressure. To name a few.
         | 
         | I used to be sceptical about weed addiction, and then it
         | happened to me. It was relatively difficult to quit even though
         | the habit was severely impacting my work and social life. In
         | the end not having any weed around helped a lot. If you have an
         | easy endless supply, boy, you're in trouble.
         | 
         | If you enjoy weed, consider having a strict limit (eg. max 1
         | smoke per week). If you smoke every day, you might find
         | yourself unable to quit when need arises (eg. pregnancy, yours
         | or your partner's).
        
           | mosseater wrote:
           | Also, you know, doctor recommended medication. And not just
           | the "weed doctors" do it either, my conservative neurologist
           | even told me to smoke THC heavy marijuana.
           | 
           | I smoke every day. It absolutely impacts my work and social
           | life, as without it I'm a painful ball of irritation that
           | would have to be on opiates to get anything done.
        
         | mcculley wrote:
         | Presumably, for the same reasons they drink alcohol and consume
         | caffeine.
         | 
         | Most parents are not thinking ahead.
        
         | asveikau wrote:
         | I think it's more addictive than people think. I've known a few
         | people who I think have a problem, but they become violently
         | confrontational if you say it _might_ be addictive for _some_.
         | I may get comments and downvotes along these lines.
         | 
         | I guess some people may also have some exposure from before
         | they realize they're pregnant. That probably also happens with
         | things like alcohol. I think I've heard some say that's not a
         | big issue, though.
        
           | xkcd-sucks wrote:
           | > but they become violently confrontational if you say it
           | might be addictive for some
           | 
           | Going out on a limb here but it might be in the same spirit
           | as a similar response to "Strong encryption is for child
           | abuse and terrorism" / "Bittorrent is for pirating movies" in
           | that it's true in some cases but is used as a popular
           | discourse wedge to promote governmental overreach
        
           | pier25 wrote:
           | When someone mentions addiction people think heroin
           | addiction, but yeah people can become psychologically
           | dependent on cannabis too. I know I did, many years ago.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | westmeal wrote:
         | People are nuts.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | nth_degree wrote:
         | It can help with nausea.
        
           | ejb999 wrote:
           | Thalidomide helped with nausea too.
        
         | 404mm wrote:
         | One response I received was: "weed is natural and comes from
         | the Earth". It's absolutely mind boggling how stupid people can
         | be.
        
           | withinboredom wrote:
           | And water comes from burning fossil fuels too, but I doubt
           | that water would be good for you. Ibuprofen comes from the
           | bark of tree IIRC, but that pill is a lot better than the
           | soup you'd have to eat to get not nearly the same effect.
           | Everything is natural. I really hate that argument.
        
             | nkozyra wrote:
             | > Ibuprofen comes from the bark of tree IIRC
             | 
             | This is salicylic acid, in a number of tree barks but most
             | abundantly in white willow.
             | 
             | The medication form is aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid.
        
             | 404mm wrote:
             | In moments when I'm not speechless, I usually just say "and
             | so does Mercury and Uranium".
        
           | vorpalhex wrote:
           | "So are sharks and volcanoes..."
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | JamesBarney wrote:
       | These association studies are near useless. Every positive
       | behavior and positive outcome are correlated, and every bad
       | behavior and outcome are correlated.
       | 
       | Mothers who get high during their pregnancy are different from
       | mothers who don't.
       | 
       | A more informed one would be looking at women with seizures that
       | are treated with cannabis and comparing them to women with the
       | same disorder who aren't. There are still differences but they'd
       | be smaller.
        
       | scythe wrote:
       | Unpaywalled paper on the same data, showing findings:
       | 
       | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal...
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | And wouldn't you know it, the title does not match the
         | findings:
         | 
         | > Among these 6, none increased the odds of crossing the
         | threshold for clinically significant symptoms by itself.
         | 
         | The linked article bizarrely focuses on cannabis, but they
         | looked at "unplanned pregnancies", "maternal alcohol, marijuana
         | and tobaccos use in early pregnancy", "pregnancy complications"
         | and "birth complications". The only finding:
         | 
         | > Children exposed to multiple common, adverse prenatal events
         | showed dose-dependent increases in broad, clinically
         | significant psychopathology at age 9-10.
         | 
         | Where is the article lecturing us about the dangers of
         | unplanned pregnancies so everyone can kneejerk react to it?
         | (Also, why is this study mixing in _alcohol_ use, which is of
         | course already strongly proven to lead to all kinds of
         | disorders..)
        
       | tedivm wrote:
       | The amount of research over last decade has been huge, even
       | outside of this. It used to be the only way companies could
       | research cannabis was by getting really crappy samples from a
       | government grow house, but with legalization the supply of
       | research samples and the quality of researchers willing to work
       | on it has grown considerably.
       | 
       | This is a direct safety issue. I used to moderator one of the
       | bigger cannabis subreddits and one of the bigger questions that
       | always came up was whether it was safe to smoke while pregnant.
       | The answer I always gave was that we just don't know, and so it
       | should be avoided. The lack of research though meant that people
       | couldn't make informed decisions, and the stereotype around
       | cannabis being safe meant that people did not always err on the
       | side of caution. Now there is something concrete we can point to.
        
         | VWWHFSfQ wrote:
         | Common sense says you shouldn't be smoking anything while
         | you're pregnant and marijuana is no different.
         | 
         | But your response was "we don't know"? I feel like I see this
         | kind of stuff from weed people a lot. "Well there's no proof
         | that it's _not safe_ "..
         | 
         | irresponsible
        
           | flatiron wrote:
           | I think a lot of people think it's "safe" is it's been used
           | for thousands of years and has relatively well tolerated.
           | It's nice to get more specific info like this though.
        
           | Bud wrote:
           | Why are you intentionally misrepresenting the very clear
           | comment you are responding to?
        
           | fennecfoxen wrote:
           | Just as a baseline, we know smoking cannabis is unsafe
           | because it's _smoke_ going into your _lungs_. That's never
           | healthy. _Any_ particulate inhalation is bad for your lungs.
        
           | tedivm wrote:
           | If that's what you think my response says then you didn't
           | read it at all. I literally said that I would tell people "we
           | just don't know, and so it should be avoided". Not "we don't
           | know". I said "We don't know, so avoid it". That's a very
           | different statement than what you're quoting- literally the
           | exact opposite of your "it's not safe" quote.
        
           | ironick09 wrote:
           | The only thing that's irresponsible is your reading
           | comprehension, re-read their comment.
        
           | jjulius wrote:
           | >... weed people...
           | 
           | Your bias is showing.
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | I wonder if it has impact on sperm integrity and men who are
         | reproducing should abstain for some time as well prior to
         | inseminating.
        
       | michaelwww wrote:
       | I read this right after I got back from the marijuana store where
       | a pregnant woman was buying weed. It made me uncomfortable. It
       | just seems risky to me to take intoxicants while the babies brain
       | is forming.
        
         | tedivm wrote:
         | I think the real problem- and something I'm hoping more
         | research can help with- is that marijuana is a medicine for a
         | lot of people. It prevents seizures, reduces or stops
         | migraines, and (this one is really important considering the
         | context) reduces nausea. Sometimes people have to balance
         | between a bunch of crappy options.
         | 
         | This isn't always the case, of course, but it's hard to judge
         | what someone is going through from the outside so I tend to
         | just give the benefit of the doubt. What would be nice would be
         | if we could figure out _why_ cannabis helps with these issues
         | and provide a more direct treatment.
        
           | kayodelycaon wrote:
           | A lot of medications need to be discontinued during
           | pregnancy.
           | 
           | All of the women I know who are bipolar absolutely do not
           | want to become pregnant because they would need to stop
           | taking all of their medication.
        
             | tedivm wrote:
             | Yeah- and with a lack of research available there are a lot
             | of people who limited their cannabis intake or didn't
             | reduce at all during pregnancy.
             | 
             | A lot of this comes down to balancing risks- which is
             | absolutely something that should be done while consulting a
             | doctor. If someone is so nausea they can't even maintain
             | weight, let alone gain that healthy baby weight, then it's
             | possible a small amount of marijuana may be more healthy
             | for them despite the risks.
             | 
             | To be clear though I'm just advocating a lot more research
             | on the subject, and personally would err on the side of
             | caution when it comes to things that aren't heavily
             | researched.
        
             | tomatotomato37 wrote:
             | To add to that it isn't just "serious" prescription
             | medications that may need to be discontinued; a variety of
             | OTCs from Aspirin to PeptoBismol can also pose a risk to
             | anyone expecting.
        
           | withinboredom wrote:
           | Yes, in moderation, weed is probably harmless and maybe good
           | for you. Getting high (aka, poisoning yourself), not so much.
        
             | Bud wrote:
             | Why do you assume that any and all forms of getting high
             | involve poisoning?
        
             | surement wrote:
             | Getting high and poisoning yourself are not the same thing.
             | Psychedelic mushrooms are not weak versions of toxic ones.
        
         | pitaj wrote:
         | I always give them to benefit of the doubt: assume they're
         | buying it for someone else, probably their partner.
        
         | googlryas wrote:
         | My pregnant wife refuses to buy me beer from the grocery store
         | because of observations from strangers like this.
        
         | jjulius wrote:
         | My wife has picked up marijuana for me while pregnant from a
         | dispensary before because it was right next to another business
         | that she was already at. Please don't be so quick to judge
         | others.
        
       | darth_avocado wrote:
       | I'm glad this research is being done. I don't use cannabis, but I
       | also don't frown upon it. However some of the conversations on
       | the use of cannabis recently have changed from "it's a drug, but
       | it isn't that bad" to "it is completely harmless". Which in my
       | opinion is very dangerous and could harm entire populations
       | before we have enough research. In my opinion, it should be
       | considered similar category as alcohol, cigarettes, fat and
       | sugar, a national health issue and research needs to happen asap
       | on various short term and long term effects.
        
         | itsoktocry wrote:
         | > _However some of the conversations on the use of cannabis
         | recently have changed from "it's a drug, but it isn't that bad"
         | to "it is completely harmless"._
         | 
         | Or even worse, "it's nothing but beneficial!". And yes, I'm a
         | semi-regular "user"
        
           | xattt wrote:
           | The same sentiment can be applied to current psychedelics
           | research.
        
             | taurath wrote:
             | Can you post a source for any claim that theyre harmless? I
             | don't think any reputable researcher has ever said that,
             | but they have started talking about potential for positive
             | effects, which is a far cry from "if you take this it will
             | ruin your life".
        
               | kevinpet wrote:
               | You're missing the point of the conversation if you think
               | this is about "reputable researchers".
        
         | irrational wrote:
         | It's still a DUI if you drive on it. The week after it was
         | legalized in my state, a person managed to put their car
         | through the second story of a home. The toxicology report
         | showed the only thing in their system was cannabis.
        
           | ok_dad wrote:
           | Cannibis can be in your system for weeks or months, so take
           | the authority reports that the accident was caused by
           | cannabis intoxication with a grain of salt, and assume that
           | absent other evidence it might be that the user in this case
           | wasn't high at the time.
           | 
           | I'm not saying this to say no accidents has been caused by
           | cannibis, but that there's currently no way to tell current
           | level of cannabis intoxication. Authorities will use the lack
           | of nuance in their favor.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | > absent other evidence
             | 
             | Perhaps a car embedded in the second floor of a house?
        
               | ok_dad wrote:
               | A traffic collision is not evidence of inebriation,
               | though, since people get in collisions when not
               | inebriated. I'm talking about someone following them that
               | saw them weaving, not holding a phone, perhaps nodding
               | asleep, or maybe even someone saw them smoking a joint,
               | then a just-lit joint was found at the scene.
        
         | avgcorrection wrote:
         | Fat is an essential macronutrient.
        
           | Godel_unicode wrote:
           | Fat includes transfat. This back-and-forth does an excellent
           | job of underlining GPs point about those being complex
           | subjects that require study and nuanced explanation.
        
             | Bud wrote:
             | It's not that complex, actually. The vast majority of fats,
             | all the natural ones, basically, are fine. Healthy, even.
             | The weirdass plastic fats created by injecting hydrogen
             | into vegetable oil are not fine.
             | 
             | Done! Was that really so nuanced? No. It was not.
        
               | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
               | Try explaining to an average person how they can identify
               | which food products at the supermarket have noble-gas-
               | fat-products in them and which don't.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | "Check the nutrition facts label. If it has any trans
               | fat, put it back."
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Trans fats are now banned in the US so there's not much
               | of a need to look.
        
               | feet wrote:
               | That's easy. The packages are labeled with nutrient
               | information, don't eat any that contain any amount of
               | trans fats.
               | 
               | Also as a side note, hydrogen isn't a noble gas
        
               | newswasboring wrote:
               | I think this would mean eating nothing but home cooked
               | meals or a 3x in grocery bill. I'm not even sure of the
               | latter strategy
        
               | Bud wrote:
               | I know. I edited my comment to correct that. Apologies
               | for the error, hydrogen fans!
        
         | jamesssssss833 wrote:
         | In a lot of ways in the US i see the issue here coming down to
         | prohibition. If Marijuana was legal and regulated then the FDA
         | could prosecute fraudsters that claim the drug is "completely
         | hazard free miracle herb that doctors HATE".
         | 
         | Of course irresponsible fools are taking advantage in a gap in
         | the law to make short term profits.
        
         | HereIGoAgain wrote:
         | So much this. It's become so white washed that you would think
         | it's actually good for you if you only listened to media.
        
         | scythe wrote:
         | The primary positive effect of cannabis in the general
         | population is probably that it tends to interfere with alcohol
         | consumption, due to excessive sedation. This probably explains
         | the lack of negative population-level effects of cannabis
         | legalization. The most concerning effect of cannabis is its
         | tendency to increase heart rate.
         | 
         | Quite a bit of research is available on the effects of cannabis
         | use -- the problem is that people don't read it.
        
           | ejb999 wrote:
           | >>the problem is that people don't read it.
           | 
           | More likely, they probably can't wade thru the noise to find
           | it - search cannabis and health and be prepared to search
           | thru hundreds, if not ten's of thousands of pages of
           | propaganda claiming that it is nothing but good for almost
           | any health condition you have - real or imagined.
        
           | robocat wrote:
           | > The most concerning effect of cannabis is its tendency to
           | increase heart rate.
           | 
           | Can you tell me why you think heart rate is more concerning
           | than the psychological effects? Effects which the paper
           | itself mentions and you seem to downplay for some unobvious
           | reason to me.
           | 
           | For me, the difficulty is discerning causation from
           | correlation. Anecdotally I know plenty of cannabis users, and
           | many of them have obvious mental issues. I am interested in
           | knowing the root cause of mental issues, because then we are
           | given the opportunity to affect behaviours to improve
           | people's lives. A correlation is often little help to anyone
           | but other researchers.
           | 
           | I didn't read the paper but the abstract didn't allude to any
           | insight into causation versus correlation. If an abstract of
           | a paper ignores that issue, then I often don't bother
           | reading, because there is not enough value from studies
           | measuring correlation (for my personal use for any
           | information).
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | > Anecdotally I know plenty of cannabis users, and many of
             | them have obvious mental issues
             | 
             | If there's a causal link, I wonder in which direction is
             | more common? I know kids from my neighborhood who now smoke
             | a lot of weed. I think most of them had issues long before
             | trying weed and weed was more of an escape for them, much
             | like booze is for many.
        
             | ok_dad wrote:
             | > Anecdotally I know plenty of cannabis users, and many of
             | them have obvious mental issues
             | 
             | Do they have actual, diagnosed "mental issues", or are you
             | judging that some of their behavior is out of the norm for
             | your experience and thus it must be a mental issue?
        
           | nico wrote:
           | Recently attended a lecture on Cannabis by a renowned
           | researcher on the subject (the Director of the UCLA Center
           | for Cannabis & Cannabinoids)
           | 
           | The most adverse (proven) effects of Cannabis are:
           | 
           | * Frequent bronchitis (for people that smoke it)
           | 
           | * Risk of vehicle crashes
           | 
           | * Low pregnancy weight, preterm birth, NICU
           | 
           | * Mental health (associated risk of schizophrenia,
           | depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, Cannabis use
           | disorder)
           | 
           | * Impaired learning, memory, attention
           | 
           | * Drug-drug interaction (mostly for CBD - liver toxicity)
           | 
           | That's the complete slide. Not once in the whole lecture were
           | heart rate issues mentioned or asked about by the attendees.
           | 
           | As you can see, there are plenty of adverse effects, but
           | heart-related issues are not one of the main concerns.
           | 
           | Do you have any sources for the research you mention and how
           | concerning it is?
        
         | hollywood_court wrote:
         | I agreed with all of that except for fat. You need fat. You
         | don't need any of the others.
        
           | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
           | I need alcohol to be sociable.
        
             | virtuabhi wrote:
             | Hello, Mr. Koothrappali :)
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | uptownfunk wrote:
       | Could someone help me understand the mechanism of action that
       | triggers mental problems from cannabis consumption? I recall it
       | being a trigger for psychosis in some cases.
        
         | jazzyjackson wrote:
         | only spitballing, but everyone has intrusive thoughts, and we
         | tune them out to various degrees
         | 
         | weed can be a kind of thought dis-inhibitor, and can take any
         | thought that crosses your mind and make it the most important
         | thought you've ever had (see also: thinking your stoned ideas
         | are revolutionary inventions, until you sober up and realize
         | you've re-invented the tea kettle)
        
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       (page generated 2022-09-12 23:00 UTC)