[HN Gopher] Super apps are proliferating across emerging markets
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Super apps are proliferating across emerging markets
        
       Author : ycafrica
       Score  : 192 points
       Date   : 2022-09-17 13:35 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (afridigest.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (afridigest.com)
        
       | aunty_helen wrote:
       | Rappi. Massive app in Latin America.
       | 
       | The level of usefulness and convenience is astounding. I ordered
       | some items I forgot to get at the supermarket the other day,
       | arrived in 4 minutes. In my home first world country, next day
       | delivery is touted as a massive success by execs on linkedin.
       | 
       | For how powerful Rappi has become, not only did they beat Uber
       | Eats completely out of Colombia (their service just isn't at the
       | same standard anywhere), but they also beat McDonalds who tried
       | to go exclusive with their own app for a year before coming back
       | to the platform.
        
         | missedthecue wrote:
         | Rappi is great. I use it almost every day. I love how you can
         | order cash from the ATM right to your door. Does that exist in
         | US delivery apps?
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | axg11 wrote:
         | Uber Eats has to build a model that works worldwide, including
         | in the US, Canada, UK, EU, etc. where unemployment rates are
         | relatively low. I don't think same hour delivery will ever be
         | long-term sustainable in a country with low unemployment.
         | 
         | Emerging economies are a different story. Unemployment is
         | usually high so there's an abundance of workers to power the
         | logistics behind these super apps.
        
           | jorvi wrote:
           | > I don't think same hour delivery will ever be long-term
           | sustainable in a country with low unemployment.
           | 
           | In Europe we have something called 'flash orders', where your
           | groceries are usually delivered within 10 minutes. Way
           | crazier than same-day. Like you said, it does make one wonder
           | if those companies (Gorillas, Flink, Getir) will ever be
           | sustainable long term.
        
         | gfarah wrote:
         | I second this. I use rappi about 1-2 a day. They attracted a
         | bunch of users using their delivery platform and now they have
         | expanded into dug delivery, car insurance, plane tickets and a
         | bunch more. They are currently trying to break into financial
         | services (now really sure how well this last one will play out
         | though).
        
       | hulitu wrote:
       | > When users shook their phones in a specific way, they'd be
       | connected to others on the Weixin network who had shaken
       | 
       | Compare that with Whatsapp which want access to your phone number
       | and contacts.
        
         | djbusby wrote:
         | This feature was in Bump in 2008.
        
       | KaoruAoiShiho wrote:
       | I kinda hate how the "across emerging markets" superapps are just
       | the last paragraph and the 98% of the article is about wechat
       | which everyone already knows about. How are those superapps doing
       | in other markets? That would be interesting information.
        
         | vinibrito wrote:
         | Here in Brazil they are not as powerful as WeChat is in China,
         | but they are aggressively growing and pushing the market. But
         | they are largely a business push force, not a market pull
         | force.
        
         | noobermin wrote:
         | Grab is doing okay I suppose but it feels like "just another
         | app" in SEA, and is mostly used by people for hailing rides.
         | The payments are there but very few vendors actually use it.
        
         | spaceman_2020 wrote:
         | Can't think of any super apps that are doing well in India, and
         | that's a huge market. Our most popular messaging app is
         | Whatsapp that only does messaging. Our most popular payments
         | app is Google Pay that only does payments.
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | India likes its protectionism. You're not going to get a
           | superapp from outside. Maybe Jio would do one?
        
           | poopypoopington wrote:
           | WhatsApp is becoming a super app through the buildout of
           | business messaging. You can now do your shopping in India
           | using the JioMart store on WhatsApp.[1]
           | 
           | [1] https://about.fb.com/news/2022/08/shop-on-whatsapp-with-
           | jiom...
        
             | spaceman_2020 wrote:
             | Remains to be seen whether it sees any adoption. Cross
             | selling has been incredibly hard in India.
        
         | MomoXenosaga wrote:
         | Apple is trying to push out the banking system with their
         | payment system.
        
       | neodypsis wrote:
       | There have been many attempts to replicate the "super app"
       | phenomenon that is WeChat.
        
         | solarmist wrote:
         | Wasn't Line the predecessor super app?
        
           | mathverse wrote:
           | Not really. Line is a fork of Kakaotalk but now these two
           | dont have much in common.
           | 
           | Line is also quite successful in Thailand and Taiwan.
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | LINE was a clone, not a fork.
             | 
             | I'm not sure about timeline of superapps/in-app-apps
             | though, I ... think mobage(moba-gay not mob-age) for i-mode
             | phones, was one early example of a portal with messaging +
             | apps. LINE replicated that with iOS apps, but more generic
             | apps were only implemented in 2019. Either examples were
             | rather simplistic games only. Bot-based text interfaces
             | similar to various SMS self-serve systems existed for LINE,
             | but I believe those were not offered as apps.
             | 
             | WeChat might have been influenced by those predecessors,
             | but as far as I can see, in-app mini-apps are understood to
             | be a phenomenon originating in China and Southeast Asia,
             | even in Japan. So it might be a stretch to call it a
             | predecessor or pioneer in superapp, more like one of
             | precursors.
        
               | solarmist wrote:
               | Ah, yeah. Precursor is a better word.
        
               | lifthrasiir wrote:
               | I think you are pretty much right on all counts, probably
               | except for the very definition of super-apps. I think the
               | original article used the term for an app that can serve
               | for multiple purposes, not necessarily open to 3rd
               | parties. If we follow this definition Kakaotalk or LINE
               | are definitely super apps, but WeChat can be considered
               | as the second generation super app. (Third party apps in
               | Kakaotalk or LINE are still pretty limited in this aspect
               | to my knowledge. Kakaotalk in particular seems to have
               | assimiliated any third-party interaction into its
               | chatting platform.)
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | solarmist wrote:
             | Also Japan.
             | 
             | But No, I mean the first widely used app that does all
             | kinds of different things.
             | 
             | Not literally a predecessor.
        
       | itake wrote:
       | My day job just built a WhatsApp bot to interact with customers
       | because our super app was too big for low-end devices. Meta also
       | subsidizes internet for WhatsApp in developing countries, so they
       | don't have to only use the service on wifi.
        
       | amadeuspagel wrote:
       | A different theory:
       | 
       | The ultimate super app is the browser.
       | 
       | The browser is dominant in the west, because we started using the
       | internet with desktop computers, where a website was the ultimate
       | way to reach people.
       | 
       | When mobile started, everyone had to have an app. Surfing the web
       | on mobile at the beginning didn't work that well. At the same
       | time installing apps was a lot easier then on desktop.
       | 
       | In the west, the app model matches the website model. Most
       | popular apps started as websites, later made an app - facebook,
       | youtube ...
       | 
       | In emerging markets, they "skipped" the desktop, started with a
       | smartphone.
       | 
       | Installing apps is still more of a hassle then visiting websites,
       | so a super app makes more sense then a super website.
        
         | ryukafalz wrote:
         | Agreed, but the browser never got the identity/contacts bit
         | down. So what would be a relatively simple social app when you
         | can rely on your existing social graph becomes much more
         | complicated and loses out on network effects when it has to be
         | its own completely independent site.
         | 
         | Now, I'm not saying we should have this as a centralized app
         | either. The closest and most interesting thing I've seen along
         | these lines in a decentralized approach is
         | https://spritely.institute/
        
           | amadeuspagel wrote:
           | Maybe email could be integrated into the browser better.
        
         | enos_feedler wrote:
         | I agree with this theory somewhat. I also think the browser had
         | the runway to become the ultimate open mobile super app, but
         | dropped the ball. For reasons we may never figure out, the
         | browser never evolved beyond its initial incarnation. A mobile
         | browser today is mostly just tabs that view shrunk down web
         | pages. I am still waiting for a true mobile first web
         | experience. This might even require a new kind of web page
         | format.
        
           | amadeuspagel wrote:
           | I'm waiting for a web first mobile experience. I don't think
           | web pages are the problem, mobile operating systems are. They
           | should, fundamentally, just be browsers. The desktop has
           | space enough for two layers of operating systems - "the"
           | operating system, and the browser. But on mobile that's too
           | confusing.
        
             | enos_feedler wrote:
             | Agreed. Data privacy and security is so important,
             | especially on mobile since it's our wallet, camera, etc
             | that we need the system to help with permissions, data
             | management etc. It is redundant to have a browser layer AND
             | an operating system layer manage these separately.
        
           | dahdum wrote:
           | > For reasons we may never figure out, the browser never
           | evolved beyond its initial incarnation.
           | 
           | The reason is simple, the 30% app store profits. Very low
           | incentives for either of the 2 major players to improve
           | things, and tens of billions of reasons yearly to slow things
           | down.
        
             | enos_feedler wrote:
             | You can't blame the app stores or the mobile platforms. The
             | truth is that _anyone_ could re-imagine a web browser and
             | build something brand new and become successful
             | distributing through the store for free.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | Exactly.
             | 
             | Still, what happened to FirefoxOS?
        
               | rakoo wrote:
               | It was forked into KaiOS, targeting feature phones and
               | allowing devs to use web technologies for building apps.
        
         | pca006132 wrote:
         | But super app is more problematic than browser: They are closed
         | gardens, you don't have any alternative.
        
           | enos_feedler wrote:
           | I agree with this problem but it doesn't refute the point
           | being made. This is just an unfortunate consequence of how
           | history has played out. There is no rule or guiding north
           | star in the open market to "limit closed gardens". This is
           | just a philosophy that a minority of people hold.
        
       | immigrantheart wrote:
       | Seems the usual HN crowds that are worried of centralization and
       | monopoly praising these super apps. What am I missing?
        
       | ak217 wrote:
       | This article is trying to explain the rise of super-apps in China
       | through the lens of user experience, but I think a more likely
       | explanation is government regulation and platform moderation. In
       | Western markets, Apple and Google use app moderation to forbid
       | apps from doing too many different things at once, so as to
       | preserve their platform advantage. Also, in Western markets,
       | companies that develop apps are wary of developing super-apps
       | because they anticipate exponentially more attention from
       | regulators the more things their app does. In China, Apple was
       | worried they'd be shut out of the market so they ceded some
       | control over the platform by allowing super-apps; Google never
       | had much control over their platform; and regulators are more
       | concerned with protectionism than preventing abuse.
        
         | cuteboy19 wrote:
         | Even in India all the super apps failed spectacularly.
        
         | pcl wrote:
         | > In Western markets, Apple and Google use app moderation to
         | forbid apps from doing too many different things at once, so as
         | to preserve their platform advantage.
         | 
         | I've never heard about this before. Is this an official policy
         | of either company? Do you have any citations to share for more
         | reading?
        
           | digitaLandscape wrote:
        
           | revolvingocelot wrote:
           | Er, do you think that Apple and Google are going to come out
           | and say "half of the point of our respective app stores is to
           | be able to strike down app-based competitors and reave 30% of
           | their take"? It may not have even been Apple and Google's
           | _intent_ to have app stores serve thusly, but it 's clear
           | that that's what's happening.
           | 
           | >Do you have any citations to share for more reading?
           | 
           | I suggest the works of Stafford Beer, a cyberneticist known
           | for the quote "the purpose of a system is what it does".
        
             | 7speter wrote:
             | I imagine theey also don't want to have to deal with these
             | super apps eating up significant resources on their
             | devices, and even ultimately, having to make their devices
             | serviceable (both technically and ideologically ) to one or
             | a few pf these super apps.
        
           | noahmasur wrote:
           | I've mostly seen this for game platforms on iOS:
           | 
           | https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2018/05/valve-apple-wont-
           | let-...
           | 
           | I think it's waffled back and forth on game streaming:
           | 
           | https://www.theverge.com/2020/8/6/21357771/apple-cloud-
           | gamin...
           | 
           | https://www.theverge.com/2021/12/9/22826297/microsoft-
           | xbox-x...
           | 
           | Netflix also has to offer their games as separate packages:
           | 
           | https://www.whathifi.com/news/netflix-games-will-
           | reportedly-...
        
       | xcambar wrote:
       | I've missed a career opportunity to lead a super app for the
       | Indian market. I truly regret it of course but I'm thankful at
       | least for the truly enlightening conversations I've had the luck
       | to have, with people having large scale jobsian visions and the
       | means to achieve them.
       | 
       | It reinforced my appreciation for hiring processes, when one can
       | be lucky enough to meet true leaders with exceptional visions.
        
         | spaceman_2020 wrote:
         | Are super apps actually working in the Indian market? I know
         | Paytm has tried so hard but its not really gained much traction
         | outside of payments.
        
         | mannymanman wrote:
         | Why did you not take that offer?
        
       | Bubble_Pop_22 wrote:
       | China presence is significant in emerging markets
        
       | Dig1t wrote:
       | My question is, how do super apps actually work? On iOS, does the
       | WeChat app actually download an iOS app bundle and execute it? Or
       | does it do something like a browser and execute some kind of
       | markup + interpreted language like JavaScript?
       | 
       | If it's the former, I thought Apple banned apps in their App
       | Store from doing that. Seems like maybe they made an exception
       | for WeChat..? If so does that exception only exist within China
       | or also in the US?
        
         | pxeger1 wrote:
         | Apple don't ban web browsers from the App Store either, so I
         | guess their ban is not very strict.
        
           | ryan-c wrote:
           | > Apple don't ban web browsers from the App Store
           | 
           | They do, in fact, ban web browsers other than Safari.
           | 
           | I know what you're going to say - "Chrome is available for
           | iOS". It's just Safari with a different UI. All the parsing,
           | rendering and javascript runtime code is Safari.
        
             | ajkjk wrote:
             | It's a complete fucking pain, too.
        
             | alwillis wrote:
             | Just to be clear, because apps aren't allowed to run
             | untrusted code (like random JavaScript in a JIT) via
             | interpreter or compiler, any app that shows web content has
             | to use WebKit-based APIs.
             | 
             | And while WebKit is the HTML and JavaScript engine that
             | Safari uses, browsers on iOS are quite different than
             | Safari.
             | 
             | I often use Brave because I like the UI and it blocks
             | trackers etc. out of the box and certainly has features and
             | UX that's different than Safari's.
             | 
             | In my day to day usage, it makes zero difference that
             | Safari and Brave use the same rendering engine on iOS.
        
               | slaw wrote:
               | I use Brave on iOS too, but it is inferior to real
               | Firefox + uBlock Origin on Android.
        
         | chazeon wrote:
         | It's the second case, markup + JS.
        
         | neither_color wrote:
         | WeChat mini apps are javascript model/controller with a markup
         | view https://github.com/apelegri/wechat-mini-program-wiki Think
         | angular & Vue instead of react. Each page has a js, json,
         | stylesheet and xml.
         | 
         | You can technically hack one together but there's an annoying
         | process of getting verified before you can use the IDE and test
         | something on a phone. You also can't really publish anything
         | and see how it goes without a serious plan and a Chinese
         | national ID. There's a small scene of foreigners contributing
         | to wechat apps and even starting some but ultimately control of
         | the app is through a national.
        
           | RC_ITR wrote:
           | The joke ofc is that browsers are the original super-app,
           | just more poorly monetized (I guess thank pmarca for not
           | being _that_ good atexecution)
        
         | nomay wrote:
         | The Android Wechat app came bundled with a years-old fork of
         | webview, coz the Android scene is a total mess, various vendors
         | not only never update their system apps, but actually
         | substitute it with their custom versions, this made it unusable
         | and a "Chinese Webview" necessary, so wechat got one, all of
         | Tencent's services use it plus plenty of third party apps,
         | since almost every Android 5+ phone has the latest WeChat and
         | their WebView fork.
         | 
         | So this situation almost made their platform mentality an
         | inevitabily, now they only need to define a set of principles
         | for then to be a mobile OS.
         | 
         | I'd say their applet thing can do 99% of the things a
         | standalone app could, but the development speed , reach and
         | functionality you can get is unmatched, best of all, it's the
         | one true unified cross platform OS: on Android, iOS and
         | Windows, but Chinese market only.
         | 
         | So it's not a super app, it's a mobile OS.
        
       | LudwigNagasena wrote:
       | Siri/Alexa are super-apps but with literally zero discoverability
       | of features in their UX.
        
         | enos_feedler wrote:
         | Siri is just an alternative front end to your phone's touch-
         | based UI. So is iOS also a super app?
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | Xorg, the original super-app.
        
           | oriolid wrote:
           | Or super apps are just a second launcher on top of the iOS or
           | Android launcher, but the app selection is controlled by the
           | super app's maintainer, not Apple or Google.
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | Siri is not, almost every request I give it results in a google
         | search.
        
       | vishnugupta wrote:
       | I worked on two super apps for a good part of the last decade;
       | one in India and one in South East Asia so here's my take based
       | on those experience.
       | 
       | As the article points out, most of the are trying to apply the
       | playbook of WeChat. IMO it succeeded because they built an
       | enormous user base which has a terrific daily engagement. Once
       | daily engagement is cracked it becomes not all that hard (but not
       | trivial) to add more use cases. P2P payments, file sharing, and
       | you name it.
       | 
       | However, in India and SEA the companies tried to go the other
       | way. To take Indian example, most of the fintechs in their quest
       | to increase engagement began adding chat. However, by then people
       | had adopted to WA so it miserably failed. But they still kept at
       | it and added more fintech related use cases; to take PayTM as an
       | example one could do just about anything around payments with
       | that. Insurance, toll payments, utility payment, pay to merchant,
       | pay off EMIs, investments and what not. So they did achieve
       | decent daily engagement.
       | 
       | Grab has been trying to do the same. Going from Taxi app to a
       | generic payments app. It's all about engagement.
       | 
       | It's an enormous investment though. Not only about rolling out
       | features but also to build two sided market places (example;
       | merchant payment requires onboarding merchants too), onboarding
       | utilities etc., However the profit from them are minuscule
       | despite good utilisation because the recipient of the payment
       | (like merchant, or utility providers) isn't going to give away
       | their share of money.
       | 
       | So, in the end all the fintechs resort to lending which is the
       | biggest chunk of profit generator. It's a shame that the article
       | doesn't mention it.
        
       | seydor wrote:
       | because other apps are too complicated , too greedy, full of
       | popups, and other 'cool things' that techies consider de rigueur
       | these days. Command line interfaces are always the best
        
       | 3qz wrote:
       | > Every aspect of a typical Chinese person's life, not just
       | online but also off is conducted through [this] single app Every
       | aspect of a typical Chinese person's life, not just online but
       | also off is conducted through [this] single app
       | 
       | What happens to people that get banned from WeChat?
        
         | nomay wrote:
         | You are shut out, and with the latest CCP censorship measures
         | you are forbidden to creat accounts "web-wide".
         | 
         | So I guess you should just keep your mouth shut other than
         | harmonious online activities to avoid that doomsday situation,
         | like me, I never use WeChat or Weibo to do anything other than
         | keeping in basic touch, since you don't know which mundane word
         | would become sensitive, trigger the censors and get you banned,
         | there's no appeal.
        
         | jon-wood wrote:
         | I suspect life gets very difficult. When visiting a supplier in
         | China a few years ago I tried to buy a coffee from the place
         | downstairs and eventually had to get someone from the supplier
         | to do so because they had no method of ordering and paying
         | other than a WeChat app, and as someone without a Chinese bank
         | account I was unable to pay for anything via WeChat.
        
         | yep31 wrote:
         | What happens to web developers that get banned from the
         | internet?
        
       | user_named wrote:
       | Long article that doesn't provide the answer to its own title,
       | but a lot of nonsense.
       | 
       | Wechat is not a super app, it is a browser.
       | 
       | It is popular because China is mobile first, you search within
       | wechat instead of in a browser because the web is not mobile
       | first but apps are.
        
         | helloworld97 wrote:
        
         | wodenokoto wrote:
         | That's like saying the Apple App Store is a browser.
        
           | helloworld97 wrote:
        
           | idle_zealot wrote:
           | It's more like saying that iOS is a browser. But that's
           | precisely backwards. iOS is an operating system. Browsers are
           | also basically operating systems. Superapps also behave like
           | operating systems. This is probably where the "superapp is
           | like a browser" sentiment comes from.
        
         | lelandfe wrote:
         | > Wechat is not a super app, it is a browser.
         | 
         | ...and a payment service, and a search app, and a messaging
         | app, and a social media service, and a video calling platform,
         | and a VOIP calling service, and a video sharing platform
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | anubiskhan wrote:
           | All things I can do in my browser
        
             | chazeon wrote:
             | Except that right now simplified Chinese contents are dying
             | on the open web due to the walled gardens these super apps
             | built. There are also payment and some government services
             | now must be done in these super apps in China.
        
           | ElCheapo wrote:
           | Now go and see how many APIs Google Chrome has
        
             | lelandfe wrote:
             | All of those things I named are built by WeChat and live in
             | the app, first-party: WeChat Pay, WeChat Moments, WeChat
             | Channels, WeChat Out, etc.
             | 
             | "You can technically visit any site you want" is really not
             | an apt rebuttal to an app that contains a multitude of
             | first-party features.
        
               | ElCheapo wrote:
               | WeChat is controlled by the government. They don't need
               | an open ecosystem: if the government mandates an app then
               | everyone will use that app. It's completely unnecessary
               | to implement some kind of public facing API to offer the
               | functionalities to supposed third parties. There are
               | none.
        
               | lelandfe wrote:
               | It is an "open ecosystem" if I am understanding your
               | meaning correctly. You can make your own ("mini")
               | programs for WeChat. I presumed that's where the original
               | "it is a browser" comment stemmed from.
               | 
               | I was trying to point out that the super-app label stems
               | from the bevy of _first-party features_ WeChat has built
               | in. There aren 't real analogs to that in the western
               | world (Facebook would like to be one of them).
               | 
               | That the government has their hands on their scale is
               | orthogonal to this discussion.
        
               | ElCheapo wrote:
               | Google as a whole (especially in America) has a slew of
               | services entirely comparable to WeChat. The problem is
               | not many people use them.
               | 
               | They have phone and internet plans, they have mobile and
               | desktop OSs, they have self-driving taxis, they have
               | email, they have IM, they (had) a social network, they
               | have a payment system, they have cloud storage and
               | computing, they even have actual phones and computers.
               | Sure, they miss a couple of things like a marketplace,
               | but if US citizens somehow were forced to use all-Google
               | devices they would definitely do everything with Google
               | Search, Google Duo, GMail and Google Pay just like the
               | Chinese do everything via WeChat. In that case obviously
               | Google would integrate all their services even tighter by
               | allowing almost everything to be done through their IM or
               | email, but right now they are much more similar to WeChat
               | than you might think
        
               | lelandfe wrote:
               | > Google as a whole... has a slew of services entirely
               | comparable to WeChat
               | 
               | > they miss a couple of things like a marketplace
               | 
               | Really all there is to it. Google offers disparate
               | services instead of bundling and lacks essential parts of
               | WeChat (e.g. commerce, social media).
               | 
               | The comparison comes up short.
        
       | refurb wrote:
       | I hate super apps. It made me appreciate the simple and clean UX
       | of apps developed in the US and Europe.
       | 
       | Nothing worse than opening up Shoppe or Grab and immediately
       | being slammed with 3 dozen icons that you need to scroll through.
       | 
       | Hell, even my banking app looked like that. Select "other
       | requests" and I get to scroll through about 40 different icons
       | for stuff to do. And they just offer banking.
       | 
       | Apps like Grab offer banking, transport, food, digital wallet,
       | etc.
       | 
       | Seems super clunky to me, but what I've been told is the goal is
       | for that app to do "everything" so you never need a different
       | app.
        
         | lawgimenez wrote:
         | Our family uses Grab app a lot and yes the dashboard is a mess.
         | At one point Grab has games in it too.
        
           | hestefisk wrote:
           | Grab also has / had a built-in messaging functionality. The
           | UI is a sad mess.
        
         | unsupp0rted wrote:
         | The other problem with super apps, at least where I am now, is
         | a quarter of the functions don't work, or work but break the
         | viewport, or work but put the app into an unusable state until
         | you hard reload it.
         | 
         | The more functions there are, the more testing that needs to
         | happen and doesn't... "in emerging markets".
        
         | hestefisk wrote:
         | This is exactly what the DBS app is like as well.
        
       | mathverse wrote:
       | Superapps are a deadend if you dont have a huge population like
       | China that is comfortable with centralization.
        
         | seydor wrote:
         | because there are fewer monopolies in the western internet?
        
           | mathverse wrote:
           | Simply because westerners dont really want to trust one
           | single corporation.
        
             | seydor wrote:
             | They don't? Apple and google exist
        
               | mathverse wrote:
               | That's nowhere near what WeChat is for chinese people.
               | 
               | Both Google and Apple can be totally ignored but you need
               | WeChat for everyday life in China.
        
               | seydor wrote:
               | that s not what we re talking about though. There is no
               | indication that people are not using Applepay and
               | GooglePay because of trust concerns, it's because it is
               | not available widely
        
               | foxhop wrote:
               | super app: "covid zero", red/green QR code app controls
               | human movement in China.
        
             | micromacrofoot wrote:
             | yeah we prefer the illusion of 2-3 conglomerates
        
       | lukasb wrote:
       | Great article. Was reading through thinking "okay so why aren't
       | super apps popular in the west?" and lo and behold, they tackle
       | that question brilliantly.
        
       | intrasight wrote:
       | "super app": a browser within an "app" that knows who you are and
       | knows how to move your money around.
        
       | miki123211 wrote:
       | The truth is, traditional, western mobile apps really suck, and
       | create a lot of friction. Some of that friction only exists to
       | maintain Apple's and Google's competitive advantages (think web
       | browsers being overly limited), but a large part of it exists
       | because we choose privacy over user convenience.
       | 
       | As I understand it, weChat mini apps have the ability to reliably
       | identify their users and keep their data across multiple devices,
       | with no accounts and no user interaction. Imagine opening an app
       | for recipes, adding a recipe and knowing that it's always going
       | to be there, no matter the device, with no signing up, no
       | figuring out a password, no complicated login screens, nothing.
       | You open an app and it just works.
       | 
       | Same thing extends to payments, Apple Pay and Google Pay aren't
       | terribly popular with users as they require extra steps to set
       | up, and in app purchases have ridiculous fees and can't be used
       | for goods sold outside the app.
       | 
       | The only western system that ever came close was probably
       | Minitel[1], which was just too outdated technologically to
       | survive the age of the modern internet. iCloud would also be a
       | competitor if it worked cross platform.
       | 
       | [1] https://afridigest.com/super-apps-in-emerging-markets/
        
         | baby wrote:
         | > weChat mini apps
         | 
         | I always said that Facebook can innovate in different ways:
         | 
         | 1. use their already existing social graph to produce OTHER
         | apps that are useful
         | 
         | 2. use their tool with a new social graph
         | 
         | Number 2 has been done once I believe. It's called workplace.
         | Number 1 is what Wechat is doing on steroids, and Facebook has
         | done almost none of that. It's insane that they're not taking
         | advantage of this and are just adding noise to the useful tool
         | that facebook used to be.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | greenonions wrote:
           | You're forgetting that Facebook can see the future and
           | everyone is wearing helmets and gloves and living in a
           | digital world that looks like a mobile game from 2008.
        
             | MomoXenosaga wrote:
             | Facebook owns WhatsApp. It baffles me why they haven't
             | turned that into Western WeChat yet.
        
               | jacooper wrote:
               | They are doing it, just slowly and not worldwide yet.
               | 
               | Want to see peak WhatsApp? Check out the version of
               | WhatsApp in India.
        
       | Ozzie_osman wrote:
       | I've built startups both in the US and in an "emerging market",
       | so I'll offer some of my own answers here.
       | 
       | 1. Consumers are less tech-savvy, so having a single app as a
       | starting point makes everything far easier than having to install
       | many apps.
       | 
       | 2. Brand is much more valuable. In emerging markets, with
       | (overall) less regulation (and self-regulation) of markets, trust
       | and brand carries a LOT of weight. If I trust company X with my
       | payments, I'm also more likely to trust them with my
       | transportation, my food delivery, etc (than having to
       | verify/trust a new party). Having a trusted brand makes it very
       | easy to expand into new verticals.
       | 
       | 3. Regulatory clout. Once you have the scale (or political
       | connections) to navigate regulation in one vertical, it's much
       | easier to apply that to new verticals. You might "know the right
       | people", know how to navigate the bureaucracy better... or in
       | some cases, it's just easier for the government to trust you with
       | a license than someone who's unknown to them.
       | 
       | 4. Talent is more sparse, so clustering it in one place tends to
       | make things more efficient.
       | 
       | 5. Funding might be hard to come by, but existing companies
       | either already have the cash or have connections to investors.
       | 
       | Overall, these things in combination just make it a lot easier
       | for an existing company to launch a new vertical than for an
       | upstart to do so. With time and as markets evolve, you'd probably
       | expect more specialization to occur, but by then the super apps
       | may already be entrenched enough to defend themselves.
       | 
       | For similar reasons, family-owned conglomerates tend to be very
       | successful in emerging markets and span across a variety of
       | unrelated industries. You just bought a place in a housing
       | development built by a company owned by wealthy family X, then
       | you go to the supermarket to buy some milk but you're not sure
       | which brand to trust... Then you see the carton manufactured by
       | another company from family X.
        
         | vishnugupta wrote:
         | > span across a variety of unrelated industries
         | 
         | Lippo group[1] is one such conglomerate in Indonesia. During my
         | stint at a company of SEA we partnered with one of their
         | subsidiaries, Ovo. At that time I wasn't aware of Ovo's parent
         | company and the extent of their reach. A visiting exec said
         | that Lippo group has enough businesses to cater to a person
         | from birth to death. Later I found out he wasn't joking, they
         | own hospitals as well as graveyard and everything in between.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippo_Group
        
         | nilsbunger wrote:
         | Ooh, I like the analogy to family-owned conglomerates. Also not
         | something you see a lot of in the US because of the structure
         | of US finance.
        
         | dc-programmer wrote:
         | Awesome insights, thanks for sharing
        
         | brightball wrote:
         | In the US the "super app" was probably AOL.
        
           | signal11 wrote:
           | Facebook is effectively a "super app" already.
           | 
           | * Friends' posts
           | 
           | * News
           | 
           | * Pages (manage your business and engage with customers)
           | 
           | * Discussion
           | 
           | * Marketplace -- huge for some people
           | 
           | * Groups -- huge for some people
           | 
           | * Probably other functionality I've no idea about
           | 
           | (Of course, I happen to think it does a terrible job of its
           | original purpose, which is friends' posts, but clearly lots
           | of users use it anyway...)
        
             | tschwimmer wrote:
             | It's not even close to these super apps outside the states.
             | You can renew your drivers license in WeChat.
        
               | p_l wrote:
               | IIRC You can sue someone in civil court, get through the
               | whole process, get a sentence and get paid compensation
               | when you win, all in WeChat
        
           | GordonS wrote:
           | And perhaps Compuserve for the UK and Europe. Ah, makes me
           | feel nostalgic, I loved Compuserve!
        
         | majormajor wrote:
         | I think the constant discussion and investor focus around stuff
         | like "when will we get a super app in the US" is ignoring a lot
         | of these factors that I think are pretty path-dependent. Once
         | you build up the app/services ecosystem one way or another,
         | there's a ton of inertia to overcome vs building this up from
         | scratch in a new market.
        
       | meltyness wrote:
       | It'll be fine as long as they write and maintain perfectly secure
       | software and infrastructure, and stay competitively up to date
       | and performant.
        
       | ryandrake wrote:
       | The article (and the embedded NYT video) seem to imply that
       | WeChat is not just a dominant app, but is pretty much the only
       | way to do things in China. For example the quote, "try and pay
       | with cash for lunch, and you'll look like a luddite."
       | 
       | So, what if you cannot use WeChat? Or if you're banned by their
       | AI (which happens all the time with western apps)? Or if you
       | simply choose not to? There must be other ways to book rides,
       | hire services, pay people, chat, E-mail, and so on.. I (in the
       | West) opt out of using Facebook+all FB properties, Twitter,
       | Google, and so on, and I still have the full ability to live as a
       | normal person. Surely China has cash and the ability to book
       | things over the phone...?
        
         | nomay wrote:
         | COVID measures made WeChat a must have for anyone except
         | toddlers, since you need to show your green COVID qr code to
         | enter public spaces, and almost any Chinese had done one if not
         | daily obligatory mass testing, in which various WeChat applets
         | are required.
         | 
         | You can live perfectly fine without it before, buy you simply
         | can't legally live in China without a working, updated and
         | ready-to-open WeChat now, since last year.
         | 
         | The CCP also did their whole national census on a WeChat
         | applet, it's the defacto governing tool.
        
       | beorno wrote:
       | My take after 20+ years in China living with WeChat and Alipay:
       | 
       | 1) Green field: no or few incumbents or legacy platforms or
       | regulatory capture to deal with - infrastructure in the West is
       | antiquated and fossilized in comparison.
       | 
       | 2) Open to change: People and businesses are living in a world
       | that's extremely cut-throat and dynamic, and so they expect
       | change, and are willing to try new things - the West is more
       | conservative in comparison (e.g., the proliferation of QR code
       | use cases seamlessly bridging offline/online that never took off
       | in the West except when force by CVOID).
       | 
       | 3) Free pass from platforms: Due to "be nice to China" Apple has
       | turn a blind eye towards WeChat and Alipay running an app store
       | inside of an app (which has always been against their
       | regulations, and which MANY companies would like to do).
       | 
       | 4) Hard work and (used to be) cheaper labor: 996 super-hard work
       | ethic means they churn out features and blitz scale really well -
       | they're just more aggressive.
       | 
       | 5) In touch with the offline world: Companies in China have to
       | deal with the reality of an extreme variety of users, from cities
       | to countryside, from young to old, from rich to poor. They often
       | build out big sales and support orgs of people walking around
       | from store to store, across the country, whereas I think many
       | startups in the West (often due to cost reasons) tend to do
       | almost everything online.
       | 
       | And increasingly:
       | 
       | 6) Government support. WeChat is pretty much the ERP system of
       | China today. You can do everything through/on it. In some ways
       | it's a utility. I guess every country could benefit enormously in
       | terms of control and efficiency by having an platform that
       | provides authentication, authorization, and payments as a base
       | layer for all other apps. The government puts people / teams /
       | divisions inside of organizations to ensure things are "running
       | smoothly", but this works best if they have a few big companies
       | to deal with - not a myriad of small startups. WeChat and Alipay
       | are becoming more and more nationalized, and are already "too big
       | to fail".
       | 
       | I miss not having WeChat in the West, though I'd of course wish
       | it was done in a less 1984-ish way. Life has ballooned in
       | complexity, and bureaucracy has gotten out of hand in the West...
       | We need a radical streamlining in order to regain back our
       | productivity (and not waste time filling out checks, waiting in
       | line, calling/faxing, filling out forms, etc). Super apps, if
       | done well like in WeChat's case, can offer that .
       | 
       | (I grew up in Europe, spent 20 years in China, and now living in
       | North America.)
        
         | actionablefiber wrote:
         | Does 996 yield better results than typical 9-5 work? I can't
         | help but think that at that level of time investment,
         | particularly for knowledge work, you are getting negative
         | marginal benefits on time spent at work.
        
           | Macha wrote:
           | The 4-day workday movement is testing the opposite
           | hypothesis, and I've heard of a few tech companies testing
           | the waters with e.g. time limited half day fridays (marketed
           | as a post-covid recovery or summer perk). The questions are
           | what they took from the results and whether they'd be willing
           | to be seen to take risks with their biggest cost when the
           | expectation is for a recession.
        
         | jhatemyjob wrote:
         | It's just (3). Apple doesn't allow them outside of China, so
         | they only work in China. That's all there is to it.
        
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