[HN Gopher] Texas Instruments TMX 1795: the almost first, forgot...
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       Texas Instruments TMX 1795: the almost first, forgotten
       microprocessor (2015)
        
       Author : lproven
       Score  : 49 points
       Date   : 2022-09-20 17:33 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.righto.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.righto.com)
        
       | monocasa wrote:
       | (2015)
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Added. Thanks!
        
       | SighMagi wrote:
       | Is there a Forth for it? Search inconclusive..
        
       | kens wrote:
       | This blog post was turned into an IEEE Spectrum article, if you
       | prefer a published version: https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-
       | surprising-story-of-the-first-...
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Discussed at the time (of the article):
       | 
       |  _The Texas Instruments TMX 1795: the first, forgotten
       | microprocessor_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9520210 -
       | May 2015 (30 comments)
        
       | chasil wrote:
       | Why has T.I. consistently tended to produce faulty products
       | throughout the company history?
       | 
       | This quote makes me think of many more:
       | 
       | "Texas Instruments didn't seem to put much effort into the
       | layout, which Mazor calls 'pretty sloppy techniques' and
       | 'throwing some blocks together'."
       | 
       | I recall the TI-99/4a that gave the TMS-9900 CPU a few hundred
       | bytes of RAM, and prevented peek/poke or any other low-level
       | manipulation of the machine (and trashed its educational value).
       | I really wish TI had stayed out of this market.
       | 
       | They sold 386 Xenix machines for a while, and their motherboards
       | came in three pieces connected by ribbon cables, which did not do
       | much for reliability compared to Compaq. They should have used a
       | one-piece motherboard design.
       | 
       | Later 68000 NuBUS TI-UNIX systems were developed when MIPS and
       | ARM were both visible. What were they thinking?
       | 
       | The DSPs and other core competencies must be quite good to cover
       | for these kinds of mistakes. Their SPARC chips never seemed to
       | get any complaints, but I would be curious to hear Scott
       | McNealy's take.
        
         | jhallenworld wrote:
         | >the TI-99/4a
         | 
         | TI-99/4a is what you get when you design in a complete vacuum,
         | I mean ignoring the competition at the time.
         | 
         | http://shawweb.myzen.co.uk/stephen/tihistory.htm
         | 
         | GPL? GROMs? What on earth were they doing?
         | 
         | https://www.unige.ch/medecine/nouspikel/ti99/groms.htm
         | 
         | https://www.unige.ch/medecine/nouspikel/ti99/gpl.htm
         | 
         | Well Apple-II had its "Sweet16".
        
           | metadat wrote:
           | In this instance, GPL == Graphic Programming Language.
           | 
           | This one through me for a loop until I clicked through all
           | your links!
        
         | parker_mountain wrote:
         | > Later 68000 NuBUS TI-UNIX systems were developed when MIPS
         | and ARM were both visible. What were they thinking?
         | 
         | Inexpensive unix workstations for running established and
         | embedded applications. Also, they developed a lot of chips and
         | designs for certain other large 68k+nubus players, so it
         | certainly wasn't just throwing money into a one-and-done pit.
         | 
         | BTW, whatever they were thinking was correct, because afaik
         | those TI1500 machines were profitable for them.
        
           | chasil wrote:
           | They were also producing SPARC chips for Sun by this point.
           | 
           | Why on earth choose 68k when the entire market saw SPARC
           | wiping the floor with CISC?
           | 
           | EDIT: If Wikipedia is right, Fujitsu made the original SPARC
           | v7 (MB86900) chips starting in 1986; T.I. didn't start SPARC
           | manufacture until 1992 with a SPARC v8 (SPARCStation 10).
        
             | parker_mountain wrote:
             | > Why on earth choose 68k
             | 
             | Well, it was a good choice, because it made them money for
             | that product line. So they must have known something (or
             | gotten really lucky)
             | 
             | Like I said, existing 68k applications and userbase were a
             | huge draw. Using existing development work to establish a
             | product line. Time tested embedded designs over the newer
             | and less long-lived SPARC.
             | 
             | These were never supposed to be cutting edge - that's a
             | feature, not a bug, sometimes.
        
               | chasil wrote:
               | Realistically, ARM-1 tapped out on April 26th, 1995, just
               | as Olivetti was buying Acorn. This was a year before MIPS
               | and SPARC if I am reading the dates right.
               | 
               | T.I. could have acquired the ARM processor. They likely
               | would have killed it.
               | 
               | At 25k transistors, a UNIX machine based on it would have
               | been far more profitable than 68k.
               | 
               | https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/acorn/microarchitectures/arm
               | 1
        
             | KerrAvon wrote:
             | SPARC didn't exactly set the world on fire.
        
               | chasil wrote:
               | It actually blew the VAX away, and a lot of other major
               | systems.
               | 
               | "(1984) RISC II proved to be much more successful in
               | silicon and in testing outperformed almost all
               | minicomputers on almost all tasks. For instance,
               | performance ranged from 85% of VAX speed to 256% on a
               | variety of loads. RISC II was also benched against the
               | famous Motorola 68000, then considered to be the best
               | commercial chip implementation, and outperformed it by
               | 140% to 420%."
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_RISC
        
         | AdamH12113 wrote:
         | _> The DSPs and other core competencies must be quite good to
         | cover for these kinds of mistakes._
         | 
         | TI is primarily a semiconductor company. The consumer
         | electronics business was sold off in the 90s. From what I've
         | heard, I think laptops were the main product at that point.
        
         | causi wrote:
         | T.I.'s lobbying department is about ten times as skilled as
         | their engineering department. Schools don't embrace the TI-83
         | calculator because it's the best, most economical tool for the
         | job, they do it because they're legally obligated to. T.I. has
         | built _empires_ on peddling electronics with thousand-percent
         | markups.
        
           | AdamH12113 wrote:
           | Former TIer here.
           | 
           | The calculator business is a tiny part of TI. Wikipedia says
           | less than 3% of revenue; that seems high to me but I don't
           | remember a specific number from my time there. I can assure
           | you, though, that approximately all of TI's engineering and
           | business efforts are directed towards semiconductors. You
           | will note, for instance, that the words "calculator" and
           | "education" do not even appear in their second quarter
           | financial statement[1], while the words "analog" and
           | "embedded processing" do.
           | 
           | [1] https://investor.ti.com/news-releases/news-release-
           | details/t...
        
         | hulitu wrote:
         | > Later 68000 NuBUS TI-UNIX systems were developed when MIPS
         | and ARM were both visible. What were they thinking?
         | 
         | A lot of UNIX vendors had 68k machines. I was impressed in 2004
         | how smooth Domain OS/Aegis run on a 68020.
        
           | chasil wrote:
           | They did, but DEC already had MIPS/Ultrix workstations on the
           | market that beat the living daylights out of any 68k machine.
           | 
           | ARM-1 tapped out in 1985. No excuse really.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | Another example (http://oldvcr.blogspot.com/2022/08/the-pong-
         | you-could-progra...):
         | 
         |  _"Texas Instruments, typical of their modus operandi in that
         | era, had the most over-engineered solution. Instead of all-in-
         | one chips, TI offered separate ICs for scoring, various types
         | of graphics (walls, balls, stick figures, cars, rockets, etc.),
         | game logic chips and position generators. You combined them
         | together to make a complete game, which was fairly flexible for
         | circuit designers but caused an expensive parts count for
         | manufacturing, and the chip line ended up being a flop."_
         | 
         | That was supposed to compete with a single chip solution.
        
         | nsxwolf wrote:
         | The lack of machine language programming out of the box was
         | deliberate and similar to Apple's App Store business model. If
         | you wanted to be a serious developer for the platform you had
         | to buy an expensive 32K upgrade and floppy drive. Then you
         | could use the assembler and other languages.
         | 
         | The RAM thing was an architectural choice - you weren't really
         | meant to use the 256 bytes of SRAM for your programs, you were
         | meant to share 16K of RAM with the video processor and make all
         | read and write requests via the video chip. (You could access
         | the 32K expansion directly)
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | I'd say the 99/4A was unique among the 8-bit computers. All
           | the rest had basically the same architecture, but the TI had
           | that strange system where most of the RAM had to be accessed
           | through in's and out's.
        
           | KerrAvon wrote:
           | The App Store model only works if developers want to build
           | apps for your system. In the microcomputer market, even IBM
           | couldn't afford to make that assumption. Every successful
           | vendor had to evangelize and grease the skids for developers
           | as much as possible.
        
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