[HN Gopher] AlphaFold developers win $3M breakthrough prize
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       AlphaFold developers win $3M breakthrough prize
        
       Author : dopu
       Score  : 146 points
       Date   : 2022-09-22 17:46 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | hanniabu wrote:
       | Does this solve protein folding?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | keepquestioning wrote:
       | What's the next AlphaFold? I want to get in early
        
       | dekhn wrote:
       | I expect them to get the Nobel prize in Chemistry in about two-
       | three weeks.
        
         | nnm wrote:
         | From my chat with friends who work in the area of drug design,
         | AlphaFold is accurate for overall structure, but is not that
         | accurate for predicting structure around interaction locations.
        
         | amrrs wrote:
         | Isn't that quite a big claim? My question, Is that work with
         | Alphafold that significant that it warrants the eyes of Nobel
         | committee? Genuinely curious.
        
           | dhdc wrote:
           | The joke is that the Nobel prize in chemistry is often
           | awarded to non-chemists.
        
           | ISL wrote:
           | It could also draw the attention of the Physics Nobel
           | committee. Oodles of physicists have been working on the
           | folding inverse-problem for decades.
        
           | UniverseHacker wrote:
           | In my opinion, absolutely. The "protein folding problem" has
           | been widely regarded as one of the biggest challenges in
           | molecular biology for over half a century, and Alphafold has
           | effectively solved it. I would put this up there with Sanger
           | winning the prize for discovering how to sequence DNA and
           | Kary Mullis for inventing PCR... this will have widespread
           | implications for allowing us to understand, and even design
           | proteins.
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | But they didn't solve the protein folding problem. They
             | solved a simpler problem, protein structure prediction.
             | 
             | What is important about their discovery is that we now know
             | for certain that a judicious combination of expensive-to-
             | obtain structure information, and easy-to-obtain protein
             | sequence relationships can be used to build a generalized
             | protein structure predictor (it can predict structures with
             | no prior example of a fold, although there are limits)...
             | and you don't have solve the general folding problem to do
             | it. You do not need to know the path, to get to the
             | destination!
             | 
             | Many of us in the field expected this to be true but there
             | wasn't any really good example to point to that was widely
             | accepted by the community. And in the ~year or so since
             | this was demonstrated, the community has already found a
             | wide range of uses for this that have validated the
             | structure predictions and demonstrated their utility- using
             | open codes and models.
        
         | gone35 wrote:
         | Not with recent results in Nature I believe reporting glaring
         | mispredictions. Lots of promotion notwithstanding, AlphaFold
         | may not be usable yet.
        
         | mxwsn wrote:
         | The Nobel committee usually prefers to wait and evaluate
         | longer-term impact, so I'd be quite surprised. CRISPR was
         | obviously revolutionary in 2013 (imo, more than alphafold), and
         | won the Nobel in 2020.
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | CRISPR is a revolutionary tool.
           | 
           | AlphaFold doesn't solve folding. It makes metaheuristic
           | guesses without writing a bunch of quantum chemistry,
           | statistical physics, thermodyanamics, and topology maths /
           | algorithms.
           | 
           | I don't mean to downplay AlphaFold, but we haven't solved
           | protein folding yet. This press is really getting ahead of
           | itself.
        
         | epvgwwqe wrote:
         | Seems pretty doubtful. Is there any high impact scientific
         | discovery that AlphaFold directly enabled at this point?
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | The Nobel Prize does not only award scientists for enabling
           | high impact discoveries, but occasionally to people who make
           | a major discovery that has no immediate impact. There is
           | literature dribbling out from folks using AlphaFold models,
           | but that's not what they would be awarding here. This was a
           | long-standing problem that was convincingly solved.
        
             | epvgwwqe wrote:
             | If there is precedent for that, then sure they could win.
        
       | GeorgeJIrwin wrote:
       | When will we see the result of this breakthrough in our daily
       | life?
       | 
       | The article mentions:
       | 
       | > So far, the data have been harnessed to tackle problems ranging
       | from antibiotic resistance to crop resilience.
       | 
       | Is any of them is about to be used in our daily life and solve a
       | major problem?
        
         | TaupeRanger wrote:
         | Except the article is wrong. "Tackle" is doing a lot of
         | work...it doesn't actually mean anything in this case, as
         | AlphaFold has not been shown to help in antibiotic resistance
         | (compounds found using it haven't even been tested in the real
         | world), and has not increased crop resilience in any
         | independent peer reviewed studies or in the real world. It's
         | all still hype at this point.
        
           | aardvarkr wrote:
           | "It's all still hype at this point" implies this is vaporware
           | when it's a real thing that has solved one of the biggest
           | roadblocks in microbiology. Your claim is analogous to
           | lithium batteries, invented in 1976, taking 25+ years before
           | completely DOMINATING the modern battery market. Science
           | takes time to go from the research stage to mass market
           | adoption. Level set your expectations.
        
             | TaupeRanger wrote:
             | You picked a convenient analogy. No one knew whether
             | lithium batteries were going to be as useful as they were.
             | Much additional testing and work was necessary to prove it.
             | It COULD have failed. Same with Alpha Fold. Abandon your
             | expectations.
        
         | xiphias2 wrote:
         | Denis Hassabis has talked about the next evolution of AlphaFold
         | to be developed (and what the team is working on): predicting
         | interactions between proteins. If they are successful (which I
         | really hope they will be as a person with both chronic illness
         | and relatives and friends with illnesses), I can't think of any
         | drug research where it won't accerelate the drug development.
        
         | bismuthcrystal wrote:
         | Logic compels us to conclude that we will see some results of
         | this on our daily lives and it will become the solution to some
         | "problems".
         | 
         | Problem is, our major problems are mostly social. Biologists
         | will sell you the story that this is a breakthrough that will
         | empower us to improve crop yield and solve world hunger. But we
         | all know we could already have solved it. Turns out the US
         | rather spend billions to build another aircraft carrier instead
         | of develop Africa's farm machinery industry. It is sad. But it
         | is the world.
        
         | krastanov wrote:
         | More resilient crops and reliable antibiotics is "daily life"
         | and "major problem".
        
       | Royi wrote:
       | I wonder what people, in 100 years, would say about our era.
       | 
       | One might research, work hard and solve a problem that might
       | change the course of development of a major field and win a
       | recognition by $3M while someone which fills few numbers on a
       | lottery ticket may earn 1-2 folds more.
       | 
       | I wish the system would give this kind of efforts and stories a
       | bigger exposure, recognition and compensation.
       | 
       | Edit: The idea was about the prize amount, not those specific
       | people. It wasn't the best choice, but the idea was that even as
       | a statement, prizes for scientific achievements should be higher
       | so they will be an extreme to all people to recognize and strive
       | for. I guess one could find a better analogy than what I had in
       | mind.
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | People are generally compensated for providing goods/services
         | people get value out of. I doubt in 100 years this will be an
         | alien concept.
        
         | derac wrote:
         | The lottery isn't comparable, first of all it's a money raising
         | scheme. I'm sure the alphafold team is well compensated. Almost
         | certainly making high 6 figures. Alphafold got a massive amount
         | of well-deserved coverage as well.
        
         | Drakim wrote:
         | Your point is good but the direction of your contempt is
         | misplaced. Lottery winners accounts for a tiny fraction of
         | people who have unearned and undeserved wealth, and in terms of
         | how many people they screwed over to get to riches, they are
         | like angels in comparison to other rich people.
        
           | random314 wrote:
           | Alice walton comes to mind
           | 
           | https://www.mic.com/articles/79039/the-untold-story-of-
           | alice...
           | 
           | And let's not talk about the Sacklers
        
           | Royi wrote:
           | I agree with you. I should have made a better choice than
           | lottery. My intention was that the needle which sets the
           | reward for research, long life work pursuing the solution of
           | a problem should move to the right and get those people more.
           | 
           | $3M isn't enough in our days to recognize remarkable work in
           | my opinion. Yes, one of them made a lot of money, but is it
           | true for all the past winners of this prize?
        
             | nightski wrote:
             | I'm curious, what would be the right amount in your
             | opinion? How would you value it?
        
         | nend wrote:
         | The great wall of china was partially funded by lotteries. I
         | don't think anyone from the future is going to have anything to
         | say about today's lotteries. Lotteries will probably still be
         | popular in a hundred years.
        
         | jonas21 wrote:
         | Demis Hassabis made tens, if not hundreds of millions of
         | dollars in the Deep Mind acquisition. I'm sure most people
         | would consider that to be adequate compensation.
         | 
         | If anything, the lesson is that if you care about making lots
         | of money from your research (not everybody does), start a
         | company. And it's easier for academics to start companies today
         | than in any other era.
        
           | Royi wrote:
           | I agree, my wording was not perfect.
           | 
           | My point was that such a prize should be backed with more
           | money. Even for the sake of a statement what we consider to
           | be important.
           | 
           | So the emphasize was about the enormous ratio between the two
           | and not about lottery being wrong (Moreover it pays for
           | itself).
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | modeless wrote:
         | The people who worked on AlphaFold were (and are) compensated
         | very well. Maybe they didn't win the lottery, but they probably
         | make between 10 and 40 times the median income. And they have
         | received a lot of recognition and exposure, I'd say probably
         | the right amount for the achievement. I'm sure there are issues
         | of this type in the world, but in this case I don't really see
         | a problem.
        
       | refulgentis wrote:
       | Quite funny to me that:
       | 
       | - for the first time, there isn't mountains and mountains of
       | trolling in an Alphafold thread and the comments are _very_ quiet
       | 
       | - the only reason why is a new account tried doing the trolling
       | 
       | - comment is instadead without any manual flagging
       | 
       | - but, people are afraid to post given the one try in 3 hours is
       | dead
        
       | mellosouls wrote:
       | Full list:
       | 
       | https://breakthroughprize.org/News/73
        
       | 420official wrote:
       | > ... were recognized for creating the tool that has predicted
       | the 3D structures of almost every known protein on the planet.
       | 
       | I wonder if relying on a tool that doesn't 100% accurately
       | represent reality could have a negative effect on future research
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | flobosg wrote:
         | > that doesn't 100% accurately represent reality
         | 
         | It could be argued that this is the case of every scientific
         | tool ever used.
        
         | JamesBarney wrote:
         | Current methods are not 100% accurate either. No study is 100%.
         | 
         | Honestly the only field that has a P value that comes close to
         | 100% is physics. Even medicine which is far more rigorous than
         | most fields fails quite often in phase 3 trials after having
         | vetted it in phase 2.
        
           | tedsanders wrote:
           | Even physics is nowhere close to "100% accurate." Most fields
           | of physics approximate many body problems that are infeasible
           | to compute, let alone fully specify. E.g. Astrophysics, solid
           | state physics, nuclear physics, etc. Practitioners regularly
           | use empirically measured parameters like cross-sectional
           | scattering areas, and those parameters are updated and
           | narrowed over time.
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | The predictions made by AlphaFold are now indistinguishable
         | from experimental data collection error so folks aren't super
         | concerned. Anyway structures are typically qualititaive tools
         | useful for thinking about proteins, rather than direct targets
         | of computational predictions (hasn't stopped people from
         | trying).
        
         | stainablesteel wrote:
         | its a decent enough start because scaling the instrumentation-
         | route of doing this is a lot slower than the ML approach, it
         | can only improve
        
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