[HN Gopher] 'Soleus pushup' fuels metabolism for hours while sit...
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       'Soleus pushup' fuels metabolism for hours while sitting
        
       Author : lend000
       Score  : 180 points
       Date   : 2022-09-22 19:58 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (stories.uh.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (stories.uh.edu)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | This could be automated via electrical stimulation. A couple of
       | battery-powered boxes strapped to your legs. It could be quite
       | fashionable.
        
       | wturner wrote:
       | The motion seems like it mimics what skateboarders do with their
       | front foot when they ollie.
        
         | Tenoke wrote:
         | The front foot in an ollie tilts and slides outwards and up. It
         | doesn't even face or move the same way as this.
        
       | swamp40 wrote:
       | Video of the motion: https://youtu.be/yaK6TThRMdE?t=40
        
         | kenjackson wrote:
         | It looks like fidgeting, but what you can't tell is if the
         | muscle is exerting on the eccentric or what the intensity is.
         | In any case, I'm going back to fidgeting for the afternoon.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | t-3 wrote:
       | Interesting. I wonder if this metabolic response is very
       | important to human long-distance running capability or if it's
       | just one small optimization among many? Small muscles used mostly
       | during extended swimming or climbing might be worth investigation
       | if muscle-activated metabolic modes are more common.
        
       | AlexMuir wrote:
       | This seems very close to the motion of rapid skipping. Once one
       | can skip without jumping like a kangaroo it becomes almost
       | effortless but also gets a good sweat on.
        
         | toss1 wrote:
         | The article & vid makes the specific point that this is NOT
         | like walking or running (although skipping was not mentioned).
         | It seems that they are trying to get the muscle to contract
         | while NOT under load.
         | 
         | A key seems to be that the muscle normally is setup to resist a
         | load and so not change length while activated, and also has an
         | unusually high percentage of cells recruited in each activation
         | vs other muscles (most strong contractions in human muscles
         | recruit like 20% of cells, iirc), so this is to get the full
         | contraction effect and not just a resistance effect. (But I'm
         | just reading into it...)
        
       | boringg wrote:
       | So when's the product release to provide specific soleus pushups
       | coming out (as I do my soleus pushups at my desk)?
        
       | kgwxd wrote:
       | > When activated correctly...
       | 
       | Any chance they found that it's the same activation you get from
       | walking but just kind of left that part out?
       | 
       | Edit: Never mind, watched the video. Apparently it's the exact
       | reverse of that internally? Did they test a moonwalk?
        
       | filoeleven wrote:
       | > Additional publications are in the works focused on how to
       | instruct people to properly learn this singular movement, but
       | without the sophisticated laboratory equipment used in this
       | latest study.
       | 
       | Since everyone's harping on the previous paragraph and saying
       | "they're just trying to sell us stuff!!" I figured I should put
       | this quote in a top-level comment as an anti-inflammatory aid.
        
       | _dain_ wrote:
       | Since in the not too distant past we walked on all fours,
       | wouldn't the analogous muscles in the wrist also have this
       | ability as an atavism? Or did we lose it
        
       | RobertRoberts wrote:
       | Eat a _lot_ less. Exercise (even just a little). Don't snack late
       | into the evening. Be hungry, on a consistent and regular basis.
       | Don't over-eat.
       | 
       | No magic, no cost, no special anything.
       | 
       | It's not easy, and most people can't do it, but it works. And
       | even if some magic product helps you lose weight, you will still
       | need to follow the above rules anyways.
       | 
       | It's like many smokers, they can't quit until they almost die,
       | but then they just magically can quit, cause it's life and death.
       | No magic product/idea, just time to make a change.
        
       | pawelduda wrote:
       | Sounds amazing at a first glance, but I was hoping to at least
       | see them attempt to describe how the move is performed.
       | 
       | Seems like a trailer for something that needs to be unlocked with
       | money.
        
         | petesergeant wrote:
         | > In brief, while seated with feet flat on the floor and
         | muscles relaxed, the heel rises while the front of the foot
         | stays put. When the heel gets to the top of its range of
         | motion, the foot is passively released to come back down. The
         | aim is to simultaneously shorten the calf muscle while the
         | soleus is naturally activated by its motor neurons.
        
           | pawelduda wrote:
           | Fair enough. I'm guilty of skimming the article, but I saw
           | this: "The soleus pushup looks simple from the outside, but
           | sometimes what we see with our naked eye isn't the whole
           | story. It's a very specific movement that right now requires
           | wearable technology and experience to optimize the health
           | benefits", and some statements that made it sound like
           | something requiring specific tech not available to the
           | public.
           | 
           | Thank you, gotta say with that description of the move now it
           | doesn't sound that hard.
        
             | canucker2016 wrote:
             | from looking at pics of the gastrocnemius muscle (at the
             | back of the lower leg, main portion from the knee, ending
             | about midway down the lower leg, attaches to the achilles
             | tendon) and the soleus muscle (underneath the
             | gastrocnemius, extending from the knee down to the ankle),
             | the gastrocnemius shouldn't activate during the motion.
             | 
             | It seems like you could put your hand on the back of your
             | calf, close to the knee, and ensure that the gastrocnemius
             | doesn't flex/stays loose during the motion.
        
         | elchief wrote:
         | there's a video on the site, but here's the link:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaK6TThRMdE
        
       | steve_john wrote:
        
       | fefe23 wrote:
       | They could have tried a bit harder to not make this sound like
       | "DOCTORS HATE THIS TRICK"
        
       | pushcx wrote:
       | For all the comments wondering what the particular movement and
       | equipment is, see pages 5 and 6 of the supplementary materials:
       | https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S25890042220114...
       | The equipment is an electromyography system with realtime
       | display. It measures the muscle contraction and is displayed to
       | the subject so they can learn to recognize the movement that
       | properly activates the muscle. Contrary to the video, you do not
       | need to be an academic to buy one, they're fairly common in high-
       | end sports coaching/rehab and you can find a cheap arduino-
       | compatible system on Amazon if you want to DIY.
       | 
       | If you don't read much exercise science, it's worth noting the
       | paper says "It is important to note that volunteers in Experiment
       | I (Table S1) were typically sedentary (verified with an objective
       | tracking device), and none of them had a high aerobic
       | cardiorespiratory fitness (determined by treadmill VO2max or the
       | maximal oxygen consumption test)." A common pitfall of exercise
       | science is that _almost anything_ works wonderfully on untrained
       | sedentary subjects. Wait for replication.
        
         | canucker2016 wrote:
         | But sedentary people are the target audience for this exercise.
         | 
         | Athletes worry about having enough energy during their
         | exercise.
         | 
         | When many people in developed countries are obese or
         | overweight, every technique helps, especially something for
         | those who don't like to sweat...
        
           | tylervigen wrote:
           | Right but the point is that there may be nothing special
           | about this particular exercise.
           | 
           | It's a bit complicated to get the equipment and training to
           | learn how to do this; maybe that effort is better allocated
           | to just encouraging people to get up and go for a walk every
           | once in a while.
        
             | throw101010 wrote:
             | > maybe that effort is better allocated to just encouraging
             | people to get up and go for a walk every once in a while.
             | 
             | This method has been used for decades and the results on
             | the obesity rates do not seem to be very good so far. Maybe
             | it's time to try other approaches.
        
       | ravenstine wrote:
       | From the article:
       | 
       |  _So, how do you perform a soleus pushup?
       | 
       | In brief, while seated with feet flat on the floor and muscles
       | relaxed, the heel rises while the front of the foot stays put.
       | When the heel gets to the top of its range of motion, the foot is
       | passively released to come back down. The aim is to
       | simultaneously shorten the calf muscle while the soleus is
       | naturally activated by its motor neurons._
        
       | alliao wrote:
       | wonder if drummers (who may activate it more than others) have
       | statistically significant advantage over others with similar
       | sitting down lifestyle and energy output... big claims, great if
       | true!
        
       | kwhitefoot wrote:
       | The article contains a link to a more scholarly article:
       | https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2589004222011415?...
        
         | hondo77 wrote:
         | In case anyone is wondering:                 "There were in
         | total 25 human volunteers in 2 sequential experiments..."
         | 
         | Broken down, that's 10 in one experiment, 15 in the other. No
         | reason to get too excited with such a small sample size.
        
       | earleybird wrote:
       | "It's not as simple as simply doing a heel lift or raising your
       | legs when you're sitting or shaking your leg or fidgeting. It's a
       | very specific movement that's designed where we use some
       | technologies that aren't necessarily available to the public
       | unless you're a scientist and you know how to use it."
       | 
       | This has a bit of a 'smell' that I can't quite put my finger on.
        
         | Melatonic wrote:
         | They also say though that the end goal is to teach people how
         | to do the movement with no equipment.
         | 
         | So maybe not so BS
        
         | digdugdirk wrote:
         | The actual quote from the article - "The soleus pushup looks
         | simple from the outside, but sometimes what we see with our
         | naked eye isn't the whole story. It's a very specific movement
         | that right now requires wearable technology and experience to
         | optimize the health benefits," said Hamilton.
         | 
         | This is a statement around how to activate the soleus itself,
         | and its an accurate statement for the majority of the
         | population. It's an odd muscle to target, as we're generally
         | more used to using our gastrocnemius muscles when plantar-
         | flexing our ankle joint. Sitting helps target the soleus (which
         | is why you might find a seated calf-raise machine next to a
         | standing calf-raise machine at the gym) but it still requires a
         | strong mind-muscle connection to activate without having the
         | gastrocnemius take over.
         | 
         | Having some electrodes to measure and display specifically
         | targeted muscle output would help, and this is likely what he's
         | referring to in the article.
        
           | zmgsabst wrote:
           | I agree that it would help.
           | 
           | But I'm pretty sure you can just touch the lower, outer part
           | of your ankle (where it's documented in the picture) to find
           | out if you're flexing the right one. Thinking about pointing
           | my toes helped.
           | 
           | I think people are right the difficulty is oversold.
        
             | digdugdirk wrote:
             | The trick with the soleus is that its _underneath_ the
             | gastroc. And in many people 's musculoskeletal structures,
             | its entirely underneath the gastroc - meaning your trick
             | won't help. Combine that with some compensatory activation
             | of the gastroc during this movement and people won't be
             | able to effectively train themselves to get the full effect
             | of what the researchers are going for here - prolonged
             | duration soleus activation.
             | 
             | I'm not saying they couldn't have done a better job
             | explaining how to do this at home, but its a surprisingly
             | difficult thing to explain to someone face-to-face when
             | you're a personal trainer. Let alone when as a scientist
             | when you only get a short blurb to convey information about
             | your latest research study.
        
         | petesergeant wrote:
         | Also: "It's a very specific movement that right now requires
         | wearable technology and experience to optimize the health
         | benefits"
         | 
         | Great, sounds patent-able!
        
         | canucker2016 wrote:
         | from the YouTube video, you can see the movement (positioned at
         | 6 secs into the video):
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaK6TThRMdE&t=6s
         | 
         | Of course, my friend's Chinese grandmother would admonish my
         | friend for doing this movement at the table - evidently she
         | considered the movement to be an indicator for something that
         | shouldn't be mentioned at the dining table.
        
         | dqpb wrote:
         | They're saying it's difficult to explain how to isolate the
         | muscle. For example, two simple ways to lift only your heel
         | from a sitting position are:
         | 
         | 1. Push down with the ball if you foot
         | 
         | 2. Lift up with your hip/quad
         | 
         | They look the same, but are completely different. Do either of
         | them activate the Soleus? Do neither of them?
        
           | Someone wrote:
           | #2 I would call a pull up or lift up, not a push up, so I
           | assume it's more like #1.
        
           | digdugdirk wrote:
           | ^ This.
           | 
           | Its not snake oil, its a statement from a scientist who
           | attaches musculoskeletal monitoring equipment to people on a
           | regular basis and knows exactly how capable the average
           | person is at activating specific muscles on command.
        
             | nibbleshifter wrote:
             | > and knows exactly how capable the average person is at
             | activating specific muscles on command.
             | 
             | "Basically terrible".
             | 
             | It took me a really long time to work out what exactly the
             | fuck "activate your core" meant.
             | 
             | Never mind "activate this muscle you have never thought
             | about before".
        
         | peppertree wrote:
         | In this house we respect the law of thermodynamics!
        
         | NotYourLawyer wrote:
         | Smells like bullshit garnished with snake oil.
        
         | canucker2016 wrote:
         | Three paragraphs earlier in the article:                   "So,
         | how do you perform a soleus pushup?              In brief,
         | while seated with feet flat on the floor and muscles relaxed,
         | the heel rises while the front of the foot stays put. When the
         | heel gets to the top of its range of motion, the foot is
         | passively released to come back down. The aim is to
         | simultaneously shorten the calf muscle while the soleus is
         | naturally activated by its motor neurons."
         | 
         | I think that gives the reader enough to replicate the Soleus
         | Pushup - perhaps an indication on where the effort/force is to
         | be emphasized/felt would help.
         | 
         | Looking up "heel lift", the Soleus Pushup reads/sounds a lot
         | like a seated heel lift. see
         | https://www.livestrong.com/article/137423-heel-lift-exercise...
        
         | irrational wrote:
         | Yes, this press release reads like one of those "I know the
         | secret to weight loss that has been lost since ancient times!
         | Just one payment of $29.99 will get you on the path to your
         | ideal beach body!" But, then I noticed this was from an actual
         | university. Huh. And it doesn't ask for money. And it basically
         | gives the "secret" in the article. But it definitely has that
         | snake oil smell.
        
         | tyingq wrote:
         | Yeah, there's an implied _" and if I identify for you the
         | simple way to do this yourself without equipment, my business
         | model goes poof...so I'll just identify two or three things
         | that don't leverage that muscle"_.
        
       | peregrine wrote:
       | raises many questions:
       | 
       | - what movements was this evolved to support? (sprinting? walking
       | a different way than was studied? running?)
       | 
       | - Are our shoes causing us to underuse this muscle?
       | 
       | Just from the video and the cadence shown I suspect if you did a
       | slightly quick jog running on your forefoot you might hit that
       | muscle on the rebound.
        
       | trynewideas wrote:
       | See? Don't skip leg day.
        
         | giarc wrote:
         | Don't skip ankle day.
        
       | lend000 wrote:
       | Curious if anyone here had additional context around this. Do
       | calf raises have a similar effect? Do people with a habit of
       | bouncing their calves while seated (essentially a soleus pushup
       | as described in the article) have higher metabolisms on average?
       | 
       | It makes sense that a part of a calf muscle could have
       | exceptional endurance, given the importance of walking in humans,
       | but the article seems to say walking doesn't use it enough to
       | activate the same effect. Maybe running?
       | 
       | The article makes some big claims and it would be interesting to
       | see an independent review.
        
         | notyourday wrote:
         | > Do calf raises have a similar effect?
         | 
         | Unlikely as untrained person would have a very hard time doing
         | 50 calf raises
        
         | digdugdirk wrote:
         | Not sure about the specific differences in glucose utilization
         | between the soleus and the gasctroc (the other main calf
         | muscle) but in general, yes. Calf raises should have a similar
         | effect. The key factor seems to be the soleus doesn't fatigue
         | as quickly, allowing this to be sustained to a point where the
         | muscle energy source shifts to a more long term type of fuel.
         | 
         | As for people who bounce their calves? Absolutely - this is
         | called NEAT (Non Exercise Activity Thermogenesis) in scientific
         | research. Its lumped in with general movement - walking,
         | climbing stairs, etc. This can account for a few hundred
         | calories per day. Here's an overview study that claims up to
         | 350 calories per day:
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6058072/
        
         | urubu wrote:
         | Standing calf raises train the gastrocnemius and the soleus.
         | Many gyms also have a seated calf raise machine which is meant
         | to isolate the soleus.
         | 
         | I don't think I ever felt anything special after using it.
        
           | digdugdirk wrote:
           | You'd know if you had isolated the soleus. It feels weirdly
           | (but noticeably) different to activating the gastroc. Much
           | deeper and more centralized.
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | Seems hard to do since your gastrocnemius will just take over.
       | Whatever, I'll do random heel lifts anyway. The calves could use
       | some strengthening.
        
       | jollyllama wrote:
       | So just tap your foot in a weird way and you can keep your
       | metabolism high?
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | "How to lose weight with this one weird trick."
        
         | notyourday wrote:
         | ... which works as long as one does not consume more calories
         | that the total amount of calories one burns (i.e. is in a
         | caloric deficit). The real issue is that individuals who suffer
         | from excessive weight tend to be in a caloric surplus
        
           | jollyllama wrote:
           | It wouldn't be much of a metabolism trick at all if it
           | doesn't work in ketosis or fasting. If you can burn fat, it
           | should still work.
        
             | notyourday wrote:
             | > It wouldn't be much of a metabolism trick at all if it
             | doesn't work in ketosis or fasting. If you can burn fat, it
             | should still work.
             | 
             | Body will always switch to burning mostly fat after a
             | prolonged period of physical activity which studies suggest
             | for moderate level of constant physical activity happens
             | somewhere around 90 minute mark. There are no magic
             | bullets.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | > There are no magic bullets.
               | 
               | How would you know this?
        
         | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
         | Yes. It's just simulated fidgeting which has been demonstrated
         | to burn a meaningful amount of calories.
        
           | jollyllama wrote:
           | I'm reminded of those under desk fitness bikes.
        
       | mmastrac wrote:
       | I'm curious if this is the same muscle that causes Charlie
       | Horses. I can activate it on its own without moving my leg and
       | can hold it in tension for a long time but if you flex it too
       | hard it knots and is quite painful.
       | 
       | The way that I can flex it:
       | 
       | Lie on your back on the floor with your heels on a couch, knees
       | approx 90 degrees
       | 
       | Tip/rotate your foot forward and you'll feel a large muscle
       | engage
       | 
       | Try and flex that muscle like you would your bicep or pectorals.
       | You'll find that you can hold it for quite some time.
       | 
       | Edit: I managed to hold it for a few minutes and it's a very odd
       | feeling afterwards. Almost like I had done a bunch of stairs with
       | no cardio.
       | 
       | Edit 2: Standing afterwards wasn't fun - I had to stretch my
       | calves out to walk normally.
        
         | outworlder wrote:
         | > I'm curious if this is the same muscle that causes Charlie
         | Horses.
         | 
         | Not sure what you mean. We can have charlie horses in any
         | skeletal muscle.
        
           | mmastrac wrote:
           | Oh yeah, but at least in myself, they are primarily in the
           | calves.
        
       | ibrahimsow1 wrote:
       | I don't understand the physical motion. Simply raising the heel
       | whilst sitting?
        
         | ivan_ah wrote:
         | See this video at t=34 secs:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaK6TThRMdE&t=34s
         | 
         | Seems pretty simple... I guess what is special is (1) you can
         | do it while sitting, and (2) the muscle doesn't seem to get
         | tired so you can do it all day.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | lapetitejort wrote:
         | I think it's more complicated based on the article:
         | 
         | > "...It's a very specific movement that right now requires
         | wearable technology and experience to optimize the health
         | benefits."
         | 
         | So it sounds like the performer may have to look at a graph to
         | see that the right motion has been achieved? This video
         | reinforces the notion:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaK6TThRMdE
        
         | grahamplace wrote:
         | From the article:
         | 
         | > In brief, while seated with feet flat on the floor and
         | muscles relaxed, the heel rises while the front of the foot
         | stays put. When the heel gets to the top of its range of
         | motion, the foot is passively released to come back down.
        
       | version_five wrote:
       | "We never dreamed that this muscle has this type of capacity.
       | It's been inside our bodies all along, but no one ever
       | investigated how to use it to optimize our health, until now,"
       | said Hamilton. "When activated correctly, the soleus muscle can
       | raise local oxidative metabolism to high levels for hours, not
       | just minutes, and does so by using a different fuel mixture."
       | 
       | I'm can't evaluate the claims, but this kind of language makes me
       | suspicious. Is this some whole new phenomenon or are there
       | existing, known effects that this somehow parallels?
        
         | digdugdirk wrote:
         | There are people who train their entire bodies to function on
         | different biochemical processes, generally long distance
         | endurance athletes training to perform in a fat adapted state
         | for ultramarathons and the like.
         | 
         | The research here just seems to suggest that the soleus muscle
         | itself has a lower "barrier to entry" before utilizing
         | different energy sources (blood glucose and fat oxidation)
         | which allows it to sustain activity for a longer time duration.
         | This makes sense, as the soleus is highly involved in walking,
         | and humans basically evolved to walk more than we've evolved to
         | do anything else.
        
         | soperj wrote:
         | I wonder if there is some kind of unintended consequences to
         | using that fuel mixture...
        
       | spywaregorilla wrote:
       | This is just leg bouncing right? Like sitting in a chair and
       | moving your leg up and down? The thing that people yell at you
       | for because it's annoying and rumbles the table and the car and
       | the chairs?
       | 
       | edit: yes it is. it's shown in the first ten seconds of the
       | video.
        
         | croes wrote:
         | "The soleus pushup looks simple from the outside, but sometimes
         | what we see with our naked eye isn't the whole story. It's a
         | very specific movement that right now requires wearable
         | technology and experience to optimize the health benefits"
        
           | spywaregorilla wrote:
           | This statement applies to pretty much every form of physical
           | activity though
        
         | twobitshifter wrote:
         | The article says you need special training and it's not just
         | fidgeting. I'm not sure what to make of that.
        
         | klyrs wrote:
         | Work from home, nobody will know how much your legs are quaking
         | if your camera isn't mechanically linked to them...
        
           | spywaregorilla wrote:
           | I've been called out for shaking my camera resting on the
           | table actually.
        
             | klyrs wrote:
             | That counts as mechanical linkage. My camera and monitor
             | are attached to the wall, not my desk, for precisely this
             | reason.
        
         | revolvingocelot wrote:
         | I mean, it's not _just_ leg bouncing in that I can bounce my
         | leg in a way that clearly doesn 't activate the soleus in the
         | manner shown in the video.
         | 
         | But it also is just leg bouncing in that there's no more
         | complicated motion than a certain sort of slow, controlled leg-
         | bounce.
        
         | ourmandave wrote:
         | Can I get a health app update on my Apple Watch that tracks my
         | leg bouncing?
         | 
         | Cause I could break records if I'm in meetings all week.
        
       | jaggs wrote:
       | Near the end of the actual paper
       | (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258900422...)
       | -
       | 
       | "Here we have focused on a method of raising slow oxidative
       | muscle metabolism to complement (not replace) existing
       | approaches."
       | 
       | Maybe less snake oil and more a reasoned hypothesis?
        
       | neilknowsbest wrote:
       | As an aside, the web page for this story shows pictures of a
       | study participant seated in front of a big monitor displaying
       | their vitals. I don't know much about study design, but I feel
       | like that would confound results.
        
         | thebeardisred wrote:
         | It looked to me as if it was a biofeedback system for the
         | purpose of aiding the individual in isolating the correct
         | muscle movement(s).
        
       | Jweb_Guru wrote:
       | These claims sound pretty suspect and much more selective
       | journals than iScience have published completely bogus research
       | before. Would like to see this replicated many, many times before
       | anyone starts selling a product whose purported benefits are
       | demonstrated solely from a single research study from a highly
       | conflicted author.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | > much more selective journals than iScience have published
         | completely bogus research before.
         | 
         | Do you post this under every journal article? Reminding
         | everyone that things have been false before in places?
        
       | swamp40 wrote:
       | > Instead of breaking down glycogen, the soleus can use other
       | types of fuels such as _blood glucose_ and _fats_. Glycogen is
       | normally the predominant type of carbohydrate that fuels muscular
       | exercise.
       | 
       | > When the SPU was tested, the whole-body effects on blood
       | chemistry included a 52% improvement in the excursion of blood
       | glucose (sugar) and 60% less insulin requirement over three hours
       | after ingesting a glucose drink.
       | 
       | That's amazing if it is true.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Most muscles can use a variety of energy sources. Cells have
         | had to deal with famine and seasons since long before humans,
         | and so needed ways to use whatever energy is available. Sugar
         | is by far the easiest to use for energy, but fats are used as
         | well.
        
         | debacle wrote:
         | Not a biologist, but I would wonder why only this muscle would
         | be capable of this. Metabolizing fats is a complex process.
        
           | kiba wrote:
           | If you do aerobic exercise, you metabolize fat.
        
             | debacle wrote:
             | But _in a muscle_? That seems to be the argument here,
             | unless it 's just bad journalism.
        
           | porpoisemonkey wrote:
           | Also not a biologist - just an enthusiastic layman.
           | 
           | The Soleus muscle (Soleal pump) is partially responsible for
           | helping to return blood from your legs back up to your heart
           | while upright. [1] This is a fairly critical process so it
           | would make sense that it would be able to metabolize multiple
           | energy sources.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.physio-pedia.com/Soleus
        
             | lock-the-spock wrote:
             | Interesting. And the logical second conclusion is that this
             | is an evolutionarily costly process, otherwise it would be
             | common across our muscles. Maybe the muscle has a higher
             | risk of injury, degeneration, cancer than othe muscles...?
        
           | swamp40 wrote:
           | Might have something to do with the "need for speed". Running
           | further than your glycogen alone can take you - increases
           | your survival odds.
        
           | cowmoo728 wrote:
           | All muscles are capable of metabolizing fat. In cycling (and
           | other endurance sports), one of the adaptations observed in
           | top athletes is that their muscles become highly efficient at
           | metabolizing fat during medium-intensity exercise. A
           | professional endurance athlete will metabolize about 70% fat,
           | 30% carbs for the majority of a multi-hour event. This
           | preserves their muscle glycogen for the high-intensity bits
           | where they need to push 400+ watts for 20-30 minutes up a
           | final climb, or do a 1200w sprint to the finish line. When
           | the intensity level exceeds a threshold, the muscle will
           | begin switching to nearly 100% glycogen. Once that glycogen
           | is depleted, muscles lose their top-end peak power output.
           | 
           | Sedentary overweight people tend to become very inefficient
           | at metabolizing fat. At anything higher than a slow walking
           | pace, for example, they will begin the cutover to glycogen
           | and turn down fat metabolism.
           | 
           | I believe the press release is saying that the soleus muscle
           | is unique in that it does not have a readily accessible store
           | of glycogen. So even in sedentary people that are normally
           | extremely inefficient at metabolizing fat, exercising the
           | soleus will force their body to metabolize blood glucose and
           | fat. Normally it takes months or even years of slow and
           | steady exercise to make a sedentary overweight person
           | effectively metabolize fat while exercising at an intensity
           | high enough to trigger serious metabolic improvements. So if
           | true, the soleus muscle would be a magic shortcut to this
           | process.
        
             | mmastrac wrote:
             | In this case, is the body releasing actual fat into the
             | bloodstream for use by the muscles, rather than the fat
             | stores burning fat directly for ATP?
        
               | cowmoo728 wrote:
               | Yes, fatty acids are bound up in TriAcylGlycerol (TAG).
               | Exercise triggers the breakdown of TAG in fat reserves,
               | sending fatty acids into the blood. These fatty acids go
               | through a pretty complicated process to be delivered into
               | a muscle cell, and then into the muscle cell
               | mitochondria. This transport process cannot keep up with
               | energy expenditure during intense exercise, thus the
               | cutover to stored muscle glycogen (and at even higher
               | peak loads under about 10 seconds, creatine phosphate).
               | 
               | Sedentary people lose the ability to rapidly deliver fat
               | into muscle cell mitochondria.
               | 
               | This is a good summary of the current state of the
               | research.
               | 
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5766985/
        
               | drivers99 wrote:
               | Randomly (by searching) found this. Sounds like the
               | former thing you said (where "adipose tissue" is "actual
               | fat" you mentioned, releases fatty acids to circulation
               | (bloodstream), which are used by the muscles).
               | 
               | > During exercise, triacylglycerols, an energy reservoir
               | in adipose tissue, are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids
               | (FAs) which are then released to the circulation,
               | providing a fuel for working muscles
               | 
               | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2019.0
               | 002...
        
       | digdugdirk wrote:
       | There are a lot of callouts of "This is BS" in regards to this
       | article.
       | 
       | Look at it from a different perspective. I would _HIGHLY_ prefer
       | this to a short press release blurb that allows pop-science
       | clickbait aggregators (or even worse, the  "science" sections of
       | CBS/CNN and the like) to have first crack at it.
       | 
       | This was produced by the university themselves, and provides a
       | concise yet accurate and detailed overview of the biochemistry
       | involved, as well as a nice short embedded youtube video
       | demonstrating the movement in question and going over the main
       | points of the research.
       | 
       | Yes, improvements could be made, and yes, follow up studies will
       | need to be performed. But this is head and shoulders above the
       | "ONE SMALL TRICK, DIETICIANS HATE HIM" alternative we would have
       | gotten otherwise.
        
         | lock-the-spock wrote:
         | Exactly. Essentially the trick is not "use this muscle". It
         | rather is "do this specific movement with this muscle. I can
         | describe it quite simply, but to truly learn it you'll need a
         | biofeedback device and you need to know what you're working
         | towards."
         | 
         | There are a lot of surprising skills that we could learn if we
         | just knew how and put in the effort. See e.g. the blind
         | mountainbikers using echolocation to 'see' the path, or method
         | of loci/other memory techniques.
        
           | Tenoke wrote:
           | >I can describe it quite simply, but to truly learn it you'll
           | need a biofeedback device and you need to know what you're
           | working towards.
           | 
           | I don't know, some gifs from different angles would sure have
           | helped more given our lack of devices (though yes, the video
           | does show one important angle).
           | 
           | At any rate the complaints aren't so much in the description
           | but in it being yet another simple trick, of which we see
           | thousands and few if any pan out especially to the level
           | claimed here.
        
       | cardosof wrote:
       | So if I activate this tiny muscle in my calf for a while my
       | metabolism will be up for hours? And where all that added energy
       | will go? I don't know a thing in this area but I know that when
       | something looks too good to be true, it probably isn't.
        
         | zaven wrote:
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | > when something looks too good to be true, it probably isn't.
         | 
         | Is that a typo or are you a very lucky individual?
        
           | anikan_vader wrote:
           | >> It probably isn't [true].
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | I think they mean, when something looks too good to be true,
           | it probably isn't [true] (though that's not how the phrase is
           | normally used, of course).
        
       | mikhailyus wrote:
       | If the muscle can be activated only by specific equipment, how it
       | survived the evolution? Why is it still in our bodies?
        
         | steve_adams_86 wrote:
         | The muscle is activated constantly during walking and running
         | for example; I once strained mine and it took a long time to
         | heal because it fires so frequently.
         | 
         | The point here is that it's non-trivial to activate it on
         | command while sitting. The special equipment is likely meant to
         | activate the muscle for all users on command, making their
         | research far more reliable.
        
       | peanut_worm wrote:
       | Wonder if this has anything to do with how some people nervously
       | tap their feet
        
       | ravenstine wrote:
       | > Hamilton's research suggests the soleus pushup's ability to
       | sustain an elevated oxidative metabolism to improve the
       | regulation of blood glucose is more effective than any popular
       | methods currently touted as a solution including exercise, weight
       | loss and intermittent fasting.
       | 
       | I want to believe in this idea, but all I can say is that's quite
       | a claim.
       | 
       | I _could_ believe that it 's more effective at glucose regulation
       | than exercise, but to say that it's more effective than weight
       | loss seems peculiar because loss of _fat mass_ (which I 'm
       | assuming is what is meant by weight loss) is a result of
       | downregulating how much glucose and fat (insuling being present
       | in response to glucose) can enter cells. Maybe there's a logic to
       | that statement, but it seems to be comparing a cause to an
       | effect. Presumably, if the soleus pushup lives up to its name, it
       | would have a negative effect on fat mass. If blood glucose was
       | poorly regulated, absent a failure to produce enough insulin, fat
       | loss would be a sign of better blood glucose regulation.
       | 
       | > The new approach of keeping the soleus muscle metabolism
       | humming is also effective at doubling the normal rate of fat
       | metabolism in the fasting period between meals, reducing the
       | levels of fat in the blood (VLDL triglyceride).
       | 
       | I'm sure that my confusing here is a result of ignorance, but not
       | all fat metabolism is proximal to where it's stored, so I would
       | not expect VLDL to be reduced, but the opposite.  Also, fat isn't
       | just transported by VLDL but by chylomicrons.  If the fat being
       | metabolized isn't postprandial, maybe it's still getting
       | transported another way?  I'd think it would have to unless
       | something special is going on.
       | 
       | EDIT: Nevermind, I think I had it backwards. Chylomicrons
       | transport dietary fat from the intestine.
       | 
       | And too bad my DIY calorimeter has a broken sensor, because I
       | would love to test myself and see if such an exercise has a
       | measurable effect on RQ.
        
         | wrycoder wrote:
         | I believe that the journal article is freely downloadable[0].
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258900422...
         | (pdf)
         | 
         | What is this diy calorimeter?
        
           | ravenstine wrote:
           | Oh, you're right. For some reason I thought it was requesting
           | I pay.
           | 
           | A calorimeter in a general sense measures heat transference,
           | calories being a measure of heat.
           | 
           | More specifically, what I build is an _indirect_ calorimeter
           | which uses respiratory gas analysis to not only measure human
           | energy expenditure in calories but make an approximation of
           | the ratio of glucose to fat being utilized. The reason I
           | might fix my calorimeter sooner rather than later is to see
           | whether I can witness greater glucose utilization with the
           | soleus pushup than with other exercises of the similar energy
           | expenditure.
           | 
           | EDIT: In the paper it states that they used an indirect
           | calorimeter. It's a very cool device to have access to, but I
           | don't recommend anyone build their own like I did. As the
           | paper describes, it's really hard to get right with even the
           | best equipment. Calibration is very difficult and subtle body
           | movements can totally mess with a reading.
           | 
           | > VO2 and VCO2 production were determined using a TrueOne
           | 2400 metabolic system from Parvo Medics. The gas analyzers
           | and pneumotach were calibrated according to standard
           | manufacturer procedures using certified calibration gases.
           | Sufficient time to flush out the gas lines and average steady
           | state measurements was always confirmed. The measurement
           | period was extended when it was deemed helpful (such as if
           | there was a fluctuation in VO2 caused by a cough or when
           | taking additional time to confirm the precision of the
           | result). We were careful to ensure participants were
           | positioned when sitting completely relaxed to avoid
           | extraneous movement beyond the intended SPU plantarflexion
           | movement. This included positioning the chair back rest and
           | height for each individual to optimize a restful position.
        
             | wrycoder wrote:
             | Do you have a link to your technology?
             | 
             | Why is the indirect method so sensitive to extraneous
             | movement? More so than just reflecting the additional
             | energy expenditure?
        
       | birdyrooster wrote:
       | I am always doing soleus pushups to stim for my ADHD and it
       | hasn't kept me from getting fat or tired.
        
       | gitpusher wrote:
       | > "Hamilton's research suggests the soleus pushup [...] is more
       | effective than any popular methods currently touted as a solution
       | [to a sedentary lifestyle] including exercise, weight loss and
       | intermittent fasting."
       | 
       | Better than exercise? LOL.
        
         | nibbleshifter wrote:
         | Better than exercise in that most people living a sedentary
         | lifestyle basically get none, and are shit at sticking with
         | exercise regimens.
         | 
         | Better than IF in that IF is a crock of wank.
         | 
         | Better than weight loss in that most people who lose weight
         | gain it back rather quick.
         | 
         | Basically they are saying this is low effort and efficient
         | enough to be better than those options in the realistic
         | scenario of many people being bad at the alternatives
        
         | lock-the-spock wrote:
         | The example patient in the video is rather senior and he seems
         | to aim at diabetics/age-related issues.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | " _Please don 't post shallow dismissals, especially of other
         | people's work. A good critical comment teaches us something._"
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | Melatonic wrote:
         | Learn this one easy but weird trick to COMPLETELY counter the
         | effects of a sedentary lifestyle. Personal trainers HATE this!
        
         | cheschire wrote:
         | Coincidentally I saw the domain name right after reading that
         | sentence.
        
       | notyourday wrote:
       | I think this is going to end up being an overblow over-
       | editorialized headline.
       | 
       | This looks to be an example of NEAT movements, which engage
       | muscles and therefore of course increases energy requirement. The
       | effect of NEAT on energy requirements of a body is fairly well
       | studies and fairly well known. It would have been far more
       | interesting if it lasted for over 4 hours as that would at least
       | in theory pass the 2nd level signaling.
       | 
       | If you are interested in this, I highly recommend Huberman's
       | podcasts such as https://hubermanlab.com/how-to-lose-fat-with-
       | science-based-t...
       | 
       | and
       | 
       | https://hubermanlab.com/dr-andy-galpin-how-to-build-strength...
        
       | jawns wrote:
       | I'm a former journalist, and I'd like to touch on some of the
       | comments about how this article reads like a dubious infomercial,
       | with a lot of outsized claims that are setting off people's B.S.
       | detectors.
       | 
       | They set off mine, as well.
       | 
       | But you have to remember that this is not a news article. It is
       | not written by someone with any degree of expertise in the
       | subject matter. Rather, it's written by a member of the media-
       | relations department at the university. The only source for the
       | piece appears to be Marc Hamilton, a professor at the university.
       | 
       | So what you're likely perceiving is the author trying to hype up
       | something that is inherently pretty boring and technical, and it
       | comes off as B.S.
        
         | cycomanic wrote:
         | Very likely it's not the professor hyping it, but the uni
         | communications office. This reads like a typical uni press
         | release. The scientists typically have little influence on it,
         | they typically read the text that there is no factual errors,
         | but they also leave it to the subject experts (the
         | journalists/communicators) to write the text.
        
       | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
       | I agree with all the other comments about this - the whole thing
       | stinks of a BS infomercial, for very specific reasons:
       | 
       | 1. Are people supposed to do this contraction _indefinitely_
       | while sitting? Good luck with that.
       | 
       | 2. Is this only supposed to be done with an e-stim machine to
       | generate the contraction? Again, if so, it may be an interesting
       | curiosity, but it's not practical.
       | 
       | FWIW I wouldn't have such a negative reaction if the whole site
       | and presentation wasn't in "slick bullshit" form, but instead
       | conservatively, and _clearly_ , presented their for findings.
        
         | lock-the-spock wrote:
         | It doesn't seem like a stim, rather it's a biofeedback device.
         | The YouTube video shows quite clearly how they are working
         | toward the right 'curve' of muscle tension.
        
       | jpollock wrote:
       | The "Strengthening Exercises" for the soleus muscle would be a
       | way to target it? Unless it needs a specific interval to get it
       | into some sort of oxygen deficit or something?
       | 
       | (From the linked page[1])
       | 
       | Some exercises to strengthen your soleus may include:
       | 
       | * Bent knee plantar flexion with a resistance band
       | 
       | * Bent knee heel raises (as per the Alfredson protocol[2])
       | 
       | * Seated calf raises
       | 
       | Again, the bent knee position keeps your calf on slack and focus
       | the workload on the soleus muscles of your lower legs.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.verywellhealth.com/soleus-muscle-
       | anatomy-4684082....
       | 
       | [2] Alfredson Protocol: https://www.verywellhealth.com/the-
       | alfredson-protocol-for-ac...
        
         | DoingIsLearning wrote:
         | > The "Strengthening Exercises" for the soleus muscle would be
         | a way to target it? Unless it needs a specific interval to get
         | it into some sort of oxygen deficit or something?
         | 
         | They specifically perform a concentric contraction of the
         | soleus _and_ "passive drop" of the heel.
         | 
         | So without more detail of the paper it's difficult to tell but
         | it seem that the benefit is in performing concentric
         | contractions _without_ eccentric contractions of the soleus.
        
       | elil17 wrote:
       | At the end of the video, the researcher says that it's not as
       | simple as just tapping your foot, you need some technology to
       | isolate the motion. Could anyone with a better understanding of
       | anatomy/muscles explain how that works and how they get people to
       | perform this motion?
        
         | ilaksh wrote:
         | First, they get the university to publish an article making
         | their claim seem credible.
         | 
         | They then get an investor to give them $300,000 and make a
         | custom order with a factory in China to add another piece of
         | plastic and some branding to an existing device.
         | 
         | They wait 3 months and then receive 30,000 "magic" gizmos in
         | the mail.
         | 
         | Then, they sell people a $250 electric muscle stimulator that
         | you wear while sitting.
         | 
         | Then they buy a really big new house. They live in a city in
         | the United States though so after taxes and paying a few other
         | people off, it barely even qualifies as a mansion.
         | 
         | Probably aiming for something like this one
         | https://www.zillow.com/homedetails/6503-Edloe-St-Houston-TX-...
         | which is very nice, but his country club friends who are really
         | rich will compare it to their guest houses.
         | 
         | Fortunately they are almost done with the $59.99 app that
         | tracks how much fat you are supposedly burning while you sit
         | there for hours and your calfs twitch.
         | 
         | I think this will sell very, very well. People are incredibly
         | lazy and want to believe that not only do they not need to get
         | off their fat ass, they don't need to move anything other than
         | their feet and legs a few inches. Not only that, they don't
         | even need the willpower to move on their own, and in fact it
         | only works if they plug in to a device that does everything for
         | them. Lol.
        
           | yread wrote:
           | This is very mean! But I did laugh out loud, thank you
        
         | lock-the-spock wrote:
         | If appears to be a biofeedback device, to help the individual
         | learn the precise motion, rather than just "do something that
         | looks like it".
        
       | timothylaurent wrote:
       | There's no way that isolating the soleus is somehow mysterious
       | and out of reach of the common person.
       | 
       | Just tell us what sort of activation is needed - how long should
       | you do the exercise - we can manage to figure out if we're
       | working our soleus.
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | I think the soleus helps to pump blood. Flexing the soleus could
       | be improving circulation, which is responsible for some of the
       | allegedly observed effects.
       | 
       | In Japanese there is a saying "hukurahagihaDi Er noXin Zang "
       | (fukurahagi wa, dai-ni no shinzou: the calves are a second
       | heart).
       | 
       | Calf-io-vascular workout? Haha.
        
       | gcau wrote:
       | Having seen the video, it looks like the natural leg tapping
       | motion literally everyone instinctively does when sitting down.
        
         | andyjsong wrote:
         | I've been known to pump my leg rapidly like in the video when
         | I'm anxious. Maybe it's an involuntary artifact to "keep the
         | engine running" just in case my flight senses are triggered.
        
         | gcanyon wrote:
         | I definitely don't do that tapping motion instinctively. Unless
         | I'm actively _doing_ something, I am naturally still. Ten years
         | ago I found out I have Factor V Leiden, which can cause blood
         | clots. Since then I 've consciously tried to develop the habit
         | of toe-tapping.
        
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