[HN Gopher] When the push button was new, people were freaked
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       When the push button was new, people were freaked
        
       Author : SongofEarth
       Score  : 234 points
       Date   : 2022-09-28 13:08 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (daily.jstor.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (daily.jstor.org)
        
       | BrainVirus wrote:
       | _> The mundane interface between human and machine caused social
       | anxiety in the late nineteenth century_
       | 
       | The Machine Stops by E.M. Forster (written in 1909) has a lot of
       | buttons. The novella is an indication that they were more of a
       | symbol than the real source of the anxiety. It was caused by
       | anticipation of things like:
       | 
       | - Disconnect of people from nature an each other.
       | 
       | - Replacement of real things with simulacra, which then begins to
       | be perceived as the real thing.
       | 
       | - Mounting, yet fragile complexity of systems people interact
       | with (initially) and within (eventually).
       | 
       | Looking at our society today, it's pretty clear that none of
       | these fears were irrational.
        
         | jdmdmdmdmd wrote:
         | My mind immediately went to Forster as well:
         | 
         | > _They wondered if such devices would seal off the wonders of
         | technology into a black box: "effortless, opaque, and therefore
         | unquestioned by consumers."_
         | 
         | rings true to me. I think this was and still is a valid
         | concern. At the very least it's a real trade-off. I almost get
         | the feeling that the author in the OP looks down on the
         | knowledge needed to understand machines/technology since it can
         | be replaced by a button. That misses the point entirely though.
         | Taking technology for granted makes you a mindless consumer in
         | my opinion. That's why we're so instinctively disgusted by the
         | population in The Machine Stops. They don't exist in any real
         | sense; they're just the exit nodes of the machine's functions.
        
       | skydove wrote:
       | It's interesting to see that what some companies like Apple are
       | doing nowadays has such historic precedence. And it ties in with
       | the current state of affairs - fewer and fewer people understand
       | electronics. Children are less computer-literate than ever.
        
         | legulere wrote:
         | The question is wether you really need to be literate. As a
         | software developer I cannot write correct assembler code ( with
         | aligning rules, red zone and what not), but at least I can read
         | it. I would guess most programmers cannot do even that. But do
         | they really need it? Isn't that the advance?
        
           | eternityforest wrote:
           | I can't write or read assembler, but I can program modern
           | languages.
           | 
           | We're talking about a whole different level, people who don't
           | even know how to effectively use what they have, troubleshoot
           | basic issues, etc.
           | 
           | It's not "This is a magic box" so much as "I don't even know
           | how to use the controls on this box and even if I could
           | there's no button to do that thing anymore".
           | 
           | "I can't type or use a calculator" not just "I don't know how
           | to divide numbers on paper"
        
           | hulitu wrote:
           | As a HW developer I cannot write correct code but at least I
           | can read it. /s
           | 
           | As a french I cannot write correct english but at least I can
           | read it. /s
        
         | eternityforest wrote:
         | Apple is a unique case. The CAD app might make you forget math,
         | but it lets you make stuff with CAD.
         | 
         | Apple hides the filesystem and such but it doesn't really
         | replace it with anything. It's not like they have some super
         | ultra abstraction on top of it, they just straight up reduce
         | the functionality a bit.
         | 
         | I don't see much critical value in understanding the things
         | only specialists can or want to do, like how a CPU actually
         | works or how to make an OS, but before Apple every generation
         | had a level of abstraction they could work at that had the full
         | power of previous levels(So long as you accept having to buy
         | all the underlying stuff off the shelf).
         | 
         | Now it seems that the very newest computer users actually have
         | less capability, because the abstraction doesn't expose the
         | full power of the machine.
        
         | granshaw wrote:
         | > Children are less computer-literate than ever.
         | 
         | Going back 20 years, I wouldve never guessed this would be the
         | current state of affairs! As an industry we've succeeded in
         | unlocking computing as a background enabler, but have utterly
         | failed in making create-side computing friendly and accessible
        
       | whimsicalism wrote:
       | > Today, you'd probably have to schedule an electrician to fix
       | what some children back then knew how to make: electric bells,
       | buttons, and buzzers.
       | 
       | "Some" is doing a ton of work in this sentence describing 19th
       | century children.
        
         | tiagod wrote:
         | Yeah, I'm pretty sure there's way more children today with
         | electronics/electricity skills than back in the day...
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | Now it's Redstone in Minecraft.
        
           | mikewarot wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure there were way more children back then who
           | had practical skills, now everyone is pushed into "college
           | prep" and discouraged from having practical skills, as they
           | are associated with the lower class workers.
           | 
           | The people who keep us all alive are viewed as less worthy...
           | that's our problem in a nutshell.
        
             | noirbot wrote:
             | Is that true? I feel like the drumbeat I constantly have
             | heard for the last 10 years is that the trades pay really
             | well and are easier to get into. Most of the electricians I
             | know are definitely not "lower class". That said, they're
             | harder jobs physically. They're not particularly good for
             | your body a lot of the time.
        
               | veltas wrote:
               | Class isn't all about money.
        
               | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
               | And being a clerk instead of a workman isn't a ticket to
               | the aristocracy either ...
        
             | lisper wrote:
             | Yeah, this.
             | 
             | Two days ago we returned home from a short trip and when we
             | turned on the tap for the first time the water pressure
             | seemed unusually high for 5-10 seconds before returning to
             | normal. I would have thought nothing of it except that
             | about fifteen years ago I had experienced the same
             | phenomenon after installing a water pressure booster pump
             | in our house and so I learned the hard way about the need
             | for thermal expansion tanks in modern domestic plumbing [1]
             | and so I knew right away that our tank had failed and
             | needed to be replaced. It's a pretty trivial DIY project,
             | but only if you do it _before_ your pipes burst. I suspect
             | most people have never even heard of a thermal expansion
             | tank.
             | 
             | [1] https://homeinspectioninsider.com/thermal-expansion-
             | tanks-in...
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | > I suspect most people have never even heard of a
               | thermal expansion tank.
               | 
               | I suspect that if you did surveys every year going back
               | to the 19th century, in every single one of them the
               | majority of people would have never heard of a thermal
               | expansion tank.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | That's because they didn't exist back then.
               | 
               | But I'll bet most people could tell you why they had
               | separate hot and cold water taps. (These things are
               | related BTW.)
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | ajsnigrutin wrote:
         | I know it's a joke, but "some" children in the developed world
         | give their parents stuff they made themselves... like macaroni
         | "images", clay pots and ashtrays, painted rocks, etc.
         | 
         | In china, those children can give their parents smartphones and
         | other electronics :)
        
         | osrec wrote:
         | And is probably as applicable to a geeky subset of 21st century
         | children.
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | It seems like basically the same problem, really. The "some"
           | is a small chunk of the population maybe, but it is the chunk
           | that is interested in this sort of stuff and would normally
           | use this as a stepping stone on the path to designing the
           | next thing.
           | 
           | The hope is that our abstractions are not too good, and the
           | clever kids manage to bash them into something that does what
           | their imagination wants.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | And the "normal" children just visit YouTube and search for
           | "how to fix a doorbell".
        
         | rasz wrote:
         | MIT graduates cannot power a light bulb with a battery.
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIhk9eKOLzQ
        
           | sarchertech wrote:
           | I'm always skeptical of those man on the street interviews.
           | How many students did they interview to find the handful who
           | couldn't do it? And how many of those were just flustered by
           | the situation.
        
         | hilbert42 wrote:
         | Well, I'm of 20th C. origin--not 19th--and the first electrical
         | things I played with as a young kid were electric bells,
         | buzzers, batteries, flashlight globes and reels of bell wire--
         | lots and lots of it. (Experimenting with such items wasn't an
         | unfashionable activity when I was a kid.)
         | 
         | Bell wire, which usually came in the form of two single-
         | stranded copper wires twisted loosely together and insulated in
         | red and white PVC plastic, was installed under the house, in
         | ceilings, in wall cavities and elsewhere by yours truly to
         | enable us perform all sorts of electrical tasks--door bells,
         | for mother to signal us to come to dinner, etc.
         | 
         | Isn't that standard kids' stuff anymore? The thought of an
         | electrician being called to fix these Rube Goldberg/Heath
         | Robinson-type installations would have been preposterous. If
         | No.-1 son wasn't about say to change a battery then my parents
         | would do it themselves.
        
           | namrog84 wrote:
           | I was born in 84. And in the 90s I knew this 1 kid who told
           | me on his 11th birthday his dad would raise his bicycle seat.
           | 
           | I was super confused as that an easy thing to do(loosen a
           | bolt, adjust height and tighten the bolt). Turns out lots of
           | parents don't allow their kids to touch their tools or tinker
           | or do anything like that.
           | 
           | I was very fortunate that my parents encouraged me to do such
           | things. E.g. take apart things to put them together but it
           | doesn't surprise me why lots of people have all the
           | creativity and curiosity purged from them from an early age.
        
           | eastbound wrote:
           | Living in Europe, I'm one of the rare millionaires so I have
           | a house, 150m2 (on the Cote d'Azur, I admit it's expensive),
           | but even for me, thinking of "a bell for mother to signal us
           | to come to dinner" is the thing that belong to the times when
           | energy was unlimited, and therefore house sizes and taxes on
           | inhabitable square meters. It's not that we do have bells
           | here, but we don't have the square meters anymore.
        
             | hilbert42 wrote:
             | _"...but we don't have the square meters anymore. "_
             | 
             | I well understand what you say having lived in a crowded
             | part of Europe for a time. It made me all the more
             | appreciative of the fact that I grew up in a big home with
             | a large front and back yard and that our house was only a
             | few hundred metres from bushland.
             | 
             | Nevertheless, in some ways I envy you living in the Cote
             | d'Azur. That is one of my most favorite parts of Europe.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | > Well, I'm of 20th C. origin--not 19th
           | 
           | This already is a massive difference. Large majority of
           | children in the 19th century did not have any access to
           | electricity, let alone knowing how to fashion an electric
           | bell.
        
             | hilbert42 wrote:
             | Yes, there's a huge difference between the amount of
             | information that 19th C. and 20th C. kids had access to,
             | but then this is a broad generalization and it requires
             | qualification. In fact I'd argue that some 19th C. kids
             | (albeit few in relative numbers) would have had access to
             | more information than many of their 20th C. counterparts.
             | 
             | Broadly, the reason for why some 20th C. kids would have
             | had access to less information is that they were more
             | protected from dangers than those in 19th C. (and in some
             | ways that's problematic when it comes to learning). Also,
             | clearly, the types of information available in each era
             | would have been different--and this difference would have
             | been accentuated depending on which part of each century
             | we're referring to.
             | 
             | The 19th C.--being the height of the Industrial Revolution
             | --change came thick and fast, so it's almost superfluous to
             | say kids' knowledge of electricity at the turn of the 20th
             | C. would have been much greater than at the beginning of
             | the 19th however this difference wasn't anywhere near as
             | stark at other times throughout the 19th C.
             | 
             | This is best illustrated by example and for that I'll use a
             | book published in 1858 by Elisha Noyce titled _The Boys
             | Book of Industrial Information._
             | https://archive.org/details/boysbookofindust00noyc
             | 
             | So by 1858 enough information was known about electricity
             | to include technical aspects about it including its
             | industrial applications such as electroplating, p129, and
             | the telegraph, pp273-280 in a kids' book. I'd also posit
             | that some 20 years later (by say 1880) with the coming
             | together of electrical engineering--telephone, electric
             | motors, generators, transatlantic cables, theory by
             | Maxwell, Wheatstone et al, that much more information about
             | the subject would have been available to kids.
             | 
             | Noyce's book was a true eye-opener to me when I came across
             | it some two to three decades ago, so much so that I now
             | truly regret not having a copy of it as a kid. I know I
             | would have gained a great amount of useful knowledge from
             | it despite the fact that it was published a century before
             | my time.
             | 
             | Whilst I had access to more modern texts they didn't
             | provide the information in such a useful and meaningful
             | way. Moreover, much of that information is still very
             | relevant and valuable today. For instance, I refer you to
             | pp57-58 on the dangers of lead and lead poisoning, therein
             | Noyce issues a stark warning especially so with respect to
             | white lead as used in paint.
             | 
             |  _(This advice would have been invaluable to boys who would
             | have gone into industries where they 'd be exposed to such
             | dangers. It also infomes us that knowledge of and concerns
             | about bad and dangerous working conditions of the era may
             | have been better understood at the time than some modern
             | history books would have us believe.)_
             | 
             | Keep in mind this warning was in a book for boys written to
             | provide them with practical and useful information--not
             | published in some erudite scientific publication. The fact
             | that by 1858 the dangers of lead had filtered down not only
             | to ordinary people but also to their kids makes the failure
             | of governments and those knowledgeable of the facts to act
             | in a decisive way over the forthcoming century all the more
             | tragic (when I first read Noyce's warning I was quite
             | horrified that so little action had been taken until recent
             | decades).
             | 
             | As you see, with actual information to hand things seem a
             | little more nuanced.
        
         | karaterobot wrote:
         | I also strongly suspect the number of people who were freaked
         | out by buttons in the 19th century is approximately in that
         | "some" range.
         | 
         | Mistrusting electricity is a different story, but that's not
         | the title of the article.
        
         | corytheboyd wrote:
         | An inspector refused to come look at our house because there is
         | a power line near it. People are still afraid of electricity.
         | It's funny because he probably uses a cell phone, drives a car,
         | lives in his own house, uses a microwave, owns a computer, all
         | situations in which _ghasp_ electricity is close to his body!
         | We 're just glad we didn't actually hire him.
        
           | pitaj wrote:
           | I assume he was talking about a high voltage line?
           | Aboveground power lines are quite common.
        
       | contextfree wrote:
       | It would be interesting to see articles like this for various
       | common elements of UI widget toolkits, which I guess kind of mix
       | metaphors in that some of them (buttons, sliders) evoke
       | electromechanical devices while others (checkboxes, text boxes)
       | evoke paper forms.
        
         | NonNefarious wrote:
         | I'm going to write one about the idiocy of the "flat" design
         | fad. I wonder how people of 1900 would have felt about having
         | to experimentally poke at things that looked like plain labels
         | or placards, or decorative swatches of paint, to operate a
         | machine.
        
           | Eleison23 wrote:
           | "Every time you try to operate on of these weird black
           | controls that are labelled in black on a black background, a
           | little black light lights up black to let you know you've
           | done it."
           | 
           | https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/7405023-it-s-the-wild-
           | colou...
        
           | contextfree wrote:
           | I guess flat design can be tied back into that tension/mixed
           | metaphor between electromechanical and print analogs - it's
           | based on a decision to lean towards the print side of things.
           | Actually the designers of early-ish influential "flat"
           | designed systems such as Windows Phone 7 were quite self-
           | conscious about this, e.g., https://web.archive.org/web/20120
           | 322023540/http://mkruzenisk... (from 2011)
        
             | NonNefarious wrote:
             | Thanks for the reply and that link. That article is replete
             | with pretty bogus assertions, even for its time. Print is
             | not all that informative for interactive presentations,
             | aside from general principles of good layout with
             | whitespace and appropriate visual emphasis. The article
             | does indeed mention those, but goes on and on about print
             | without saying what it has to do with buttons you need to
             | press or values you need to adjust.
             | 
             | The article also treats all physical-control analogies as
             | bad because of their (now-recognized-as) ridiculous descent
             | into skeuomorphism. But before we had cheesy "leather"
             | textures in "notebook" UIs, or "painted felt" that you
             | could click on in a Blackjack game UI, we had simple two-
             | pixel-wide highlights or shadows on the edges of buttons
             | that instantly told you
             | 
             | A. This is a button. B. The button is "pressed."
             | 
             | At some point you can't do better than cues afforded by the
             | real world. In the real world (even one full of
             | touchscreens instead of mechanical switches), when you
             | press on something malleable it will deform, and the light
             | and shadow on it will change, showing you it's now concave
             | where you pressed it. If it retains its shape, someone can
             | come along an hour later and say, yep, this thing has been
             | pressed.
             | 
             | This doesn't need to be (and never will need to be)
             | learned. Therefore it makes much more sense to stick with
             | minimalist real-world analogs than trying to invent some
             | new design "language" that we're all supposed to memorize
             | and that makes sense across all cultures. No no, blue means
             | ON! Brown means OFF!
             | 
             | There's room for new clues, of course. "Greying out"
             | unavailable functions is the best example I can think of.
             | But I'd argue that reducing the contrast on something and
             | making it less visible tells the user intuitively that it's
             | ineffective (or less effective).
             | 
             | Conclusion: Windows 95 nailed it.
        
       | h2odragon wrote:
       | Tangental, but the physical mechanisms of electronic controls are
       | often worth study. Ingenious mechanisms move little slivers of
       | metal around in carefully engineered enclosures. It's a more
       | accessible magic that's easy to disregard.
       | 
       | The "channel dial" switch on old TV's was _awesome_.
        
         | cfraenkel wrote:
         | The engineering & tolerances to make a typical microswitch
         | (what makes the pushbutton actually do anything) would make
         | most peoples eyes water. (from boredom, perhaps...)
         | 
         | Fun fact - if you engineer the people facing mechanism to keep
         | the switch pin from being depressed all the way flush to the
         | switch housing, the lifetime of the switch increases by roughly
         | a factor of 10. A 0.1 mm difference in pushbutton throw is the
         | difference between getting maybe a million cycles, say 3 ~ 4
         | years of constant use, and the switch outlasting everything
         | else in the product.
        
           | eternityforest wrote:
           | Well, they must not actually be doing that on cheap switches,
           | they fail probably 10x as much as anything except maybe power
           | supply equipment and connectors.
           | 
           | Mechanical keyswitches have some pretty amazing reliability
           | though.
           | 
           | I actually like the touchscreen everything movement in most
           | applications, partly because of this. A screen may be
           | expensive, but good switches might be just as expensive.
        
       | gist wrote:
       | This sounds trivially correct but the short article doesn't do
       | enough to support it other than the few anecdotes that are
       | mentioned. This is similar to today when, as an example, the NYT
       | tries to get in front of a trend by highlighting and cherry
       | picking a few examples of people who are doing what one of their
       | articles purports in so many words is more widespread than it
       | really might be.
       | 
       | Then take a statement like this:
       | 
       | "many laypeople had a "working knowledge not only of electricity,
       | but also of the buttons they pushed and the relationship between
       | the two," according to Plotnick"
       | 
       | What does 'many people' exactly mean? Nothing at all you wouldn't
       | say 'many people got sick from the pandemic' you'd back it up
       | with some type of figure or number.
        
         | teddyh wrote:
         | "Americans are being crushed by falling grand pianos"
         | 
         | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30347005#30350402)
        
       | buescher wrote:
       | I haven't heard it in a long time - I think it was mostly
       | confined to people born before 1930, and there aren't many of
       | them around anymore, but "what if I press the wrong button?" used
       | to be a major concern people had about new gadgets. A lot of it
       | came from the shift from appliances like old time wringer
       | washers, where every control has a visible mechanical function or
       | other affordance, to more automated "pushbutton" appliances with
       | internal sequence "programs".
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | anarbadalov wrote:
       | Rachel Plotnick's book (Power Button, referenced in the article)
       | is very good. Here's a much longer excerpt from it, on the button
       | as it relates to carrying out life-and-death decisions (e.g.,
       | warfare and executions): https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/of-
       | war-and-electric-death...
       | 
       | (Full disclosure: I work for the MIT Press, who published Power
       | Button. But it really is one of my favorite history of tech
       | titles we've published in the 10+ years i've been here)
        
       | trophycase wrote:
       | they weren't wrong
        
       | NonNefarious wrote:
       | Fluffy but pretty interesting post. Thanks!
        
       | hulitu wrote:
       | > When the Push Button Was New, People Were Freaked
       | 
       | So that's why they dissapeared from "Modern" GUIs, UIs and UXs.
       | /s
        
       | tomcam wrote:
       | I used to spend ridiculous amounts of money on Halloween
       | displays. The thing that scared people the most was a big red
       | button I encouraged them to press. My plan was to give the first
       | person who pressed it all of our candy and a cash prize. No one
       | ever did.
        
         | daveslash wrote:
         | This is brilliant. tbh, I too, would probably be hesitant to
         | push the _History Eraser Button_ without a case of _Space
         | Madness_.
        
           | tomcam wrote:
           | Not only that I answered all questions, things like "Will it
           | scare me?" No. "Will something jump out if I press it?" No.
           | "What's going to happen?" I can tell you that nothing bad
           | will happen and you'll probably like the result. And so on.
        
       | dhosek wrote:
       | It's worth noting that there are always the fears of losing touch
       | with the details of stuff that some along with various advances.
       | The same thing was the case when I was in junior high with
       | calculators, "how will you add and multiply if your batteries run
       | out?" but the fact of the matter is, not having to be able to
       | make your own push button switch freed people to advance to other
       | topics. Similarly, in mathematics education, when I was in high
       | school, there were classes entitled College Algebra and College
       | Trigonometry1 which had the implicit message that these were
       | materials traditionally taught in college2 and not in the third
       | year of high school. On the other hand, things like calculating
       | square roots by hand are no longer part of the curriculum,
       | although they may still be taught on occasion by the rare teacher
       | who has those skills as an enrichment topic to fill some class
       | time or as part of the math club's after-school explorations.
       | 
       | We may be filled with nostalgia for our own learning and think
       | that it's the only way to learn, but as time goes on, some skills
       | just become less important.
       | 
       | [?]
       | 
       | 1. The backs of the textbooks included printed tables for log
       | (both base 10 and ln), sin, cos, tan, cot, sec and csc, with the
       | latter six tables to three thanks to the fact that sin _th_ =cos(
       | _th_ - _p_ /2).3
       | 
       | 2. The disjunction between practice and theory has led to this
       | sequence being renamed precalculus in most (if not all) high
       | schools now.
       | 
       | 3. The skills to make those tables in the first place are yet
       | another thing that we no longer dedicate long classroom hours to,
       | although Charles Babbage would have thought that being unable to
       | verify the accuracy of your tables was a sign of intellectual
       | weakness.
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | Not much more magical than delivering a chicken to the butcher,
       | and getting back pieces of meat. Or delivering a typed manuscript
       | to your publisher, and getting a bound book. Or any trade
       | essentially.
       | 
       | Having a machine do it - that was new. But not the part about
       | abdicating responsibility for function.
        
         | eternityforest wrote:
         | Almost every trade has people freaking out and trying to push
         | us all to be generalists.
         | 
         | And I'll continue ignoring pretty much all of them, because
         | division of labor is a lot of why society is so advanced.
         | 
         | I'll grant them the chickens though, mass produced meat is one
         | case where the abstraction hides some horrors that should be
         | exposed.
         | 
         | But simple loss of skill isn't enough to convince me. I don't
         | need to be able to build a CPU from scratch, any more than the
         | CPU designer needs to know all of CSS.
         | 
         | These things are cool and worth exploring, but most any tech
         | one person can understand themselves is probably a historical
         | curiosity more than a practical thing. The rare exceptions like
         | rope and knots are incredibly fascinating.
        
       | WaitWaitWha wrote:
       | Poppycock.
       | 
       | The concept of mechanical push (and pull) buttons have been long
       | present in locks and alarm triggers long before electricity was
       | introduced to general public.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | As the article points out.
        
           | WaitWaitWha wrote:
           | Yes, but in my opinion, much of the mental exercise in the
           | article and the book is based on how the electric push button
           | was an entirely new concept.
        
             | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
             | > entirely new concept.
             | 
             | The new concept was power amplification: a small effort
             | causing a larger than "natural" effect.
             | 
             | E.g. you were always able to press a button to tinkle a
             | bell, but pressing a button and obtaining a sustained
             | electrical ringing was new.
             | 
             | Valves and transistors took it to the present stage, by
             | cascading the effect of small inputs switching larger
             | amounts of power from an external supply.
             | 
             | (Yes, power amplification could be done mechanically before
             | electricity with energy from water, weights, etc. but it
             | was too cumbersome.)
        
             | dmix wrote:
             | I don't think the appehresion was so much of the button
             | interface but of the 'black box' automation aspect of it.
             | Where the button isn't physically triggering a function
             | like a spring or lever, instead some 'magic' happens in the
             | behind the scenes. The interface was no longer directly
             | connected to a simple, easily understood sequence of
             | actions.
             | 
             | > At the end of the nineteenth century, many laypeople had
             | a "working knowledge not only of electricity, but also of
             | the buttons they pushed and the relationship between the
             | two," according to Plotnick. Those who promoted electricity
             | and sold electrical devices, however, wanted push-button
             | interfaces to be "simplistic and worry-free." They thought
             | the world needed less thinking though and tinkering, and
             | more automatic action. "You press the button, we do the
             | rest"--the Eastman Company's famous slogan for Kodak
             | cameras--could be taken as the slogan for an entire way of
             | life.
             | 
             | > Plotnick quotes an educator and activist from 1916
             | lamenting that pushing a button "seems to relieve one of
             | any necessity for responsibility about what goes on behind
             | the button."
        
       | dmix wrote:
       | We're seeing the same reaction today with AI image generators.
        
       | snvzz wrote:
       | Behold... Abstraction!
        
       | cm2187 wrote:
       | Plus you were never sure you wouldn't receive an electric shock!
        
         | hulitu wrote:
         | > Plus you were never sure you wouldn't receive an electric
         | shock!
         | 
         | But the electric shock will help you remember what not to touch
         | again.
        
       | yathaid wrote:
       | A meh article, but this:
       | 
       | > They wondered if such devices would seal off the wonders of
       | technology into a black box: "effortless, opaque, and therefore
       | unquestioned by consumers."
       | 
       | was prescient.
        
       | BiteCode_dev wrote:
       | So I never used "bouton" for "to push forward", and while it is
       | used for a pimple, above all, today, a bouton is simply... a
       | button.
        
       | ajkjk wrote:
       | I have noticed an effect similar to Gell-Mann amnesia:
       | 
       | Often you see news articles about new things freaking people out:
       | technology, social changes, products, apps. Sometimes people are
       | freaking out for good reason, and sometimes they're just silly,
       | and you think: there are smart people and dumb people in the
       | world, and the dumb people like to freak out about the wrong
       | stuff.
       | 
       | And then you read about times in the past when people were
       | freaking out about something that we now know to benign, but you
       | easily forget that those might just be the dumb people from the
       | past. Did anyone who was, like, intelligent or wise worry about
       | push buttons? Presumably not.
        
       | eckza wrote:
       | Marshall McLuhan's _Understanding Media: The Extensions Of Man_
       | continues to provide critical insight.
        
         | trgn wrote:
         | The book itself is so much richer than the catchphrases. It's
         | just as important today as 60 years ago.
        
       | charles_f wrote:
       | > Today, you'd probably have to schedule an electrician to fix
       | what some children back then knew how to make: electric bells,
       | buttons, and buzzers.
       | 
       | Where I live you are technically not allowed to install equipment
       | on 120 or 240 if you are not a certified electrician. Insurance
       | won't cover water damage if installation hasn't been done by a
       | professional plumber. People still do it, but this is not going
       | in the right direction.
        
         | acheron wrote:
         | But it keeps work coming to the electricians' and plumbers'
         | unions (motto: "If you didn't make any mistakes, you're not
         | working fast enough"), and isn't that the important thing?
        
           | Infernal wrote:
           | Strange, my experiences with unionized labor have found the
           | exact opposite - safety conscious to the nth degree, and much
           | more likely to criticize each other for working too quickly
           | than too slowly. They seem to be incentivized to 1) not get
           | dinged for safety infractions and 2) get as many billable
           | hours out of every work order as possible.
        
           | charles_f wrote:
           | For the story, I used "professionals" to rebuild drywall
           | after a flood. They managed to fuck up my ethernet network in
           | the process, but they don't want to admit guilt, and they're
           | telling me to "use wifi instead".
        
         | JTbane wrote:
         | That's pretty ridiculous, so you can't change a socket without
         | calling a guy?
        
         | mickael-kerjean wrote:
         | This is very much like this in Australia. I had friends warning
         | me against setting up my own pendant light because of insurance
         | and other blabla and was denied to buy some electrical cables
         | at the local hardware shop as I wasn't certified even though I
         | hold a bachelor in electronics .... Compared that to France
         | where I spent time at uni building my own guitar amplifier for
         | my bachelor thesis, manipulating 300V-500V and blowing a couple
         | valve along the process, ha fun time
        
           | CodeSgt wrote:
           | Wow the insurance is one thing but not even bring able to buy
           | electrical cable is crazy to me. Australia's government truly
           | is more dystopian than most people give it credit for being.
           | 
           | Every now and then I hear about another fundamental freedom I
           | take for granted that they just don't have and it just
           | reminds me how lucky I am not to live there.
        
         | throwie_wayward wrote:
         | I completely disagree...
         | 
         | on the trend you back up, I see a future where you cannot cook
         | your own food unless you've become a professional specialist of
         | cooking (for food safety).
         | 
         | going to cartoon levels of ridiculousness, a society in which
         | you cannot do anything other than consume unless you're doing a
         | job (which would involve safety, insurance, and other various
         | legal and bureaucratic requirements).
         | 
         | what keeps things sane where you live is the 'technically'
         | aspect. which I read as "individuals often ignore those rules
         | for personal reasons (meaning when no businesses are
         | involved)"...
        
           | mellavora wrote:
           | Huh. Extending your distopian cartoon by reference to an
           | earlier (today) HN thread about sex workers, and thinking of
           | a society where ...
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | charles_f wrote:
           | Yeah I think that you mis-interpreted what I meant. Being
           | prevented to do stuff as simple as changing a switch, a plug
           | or a faucet is plain stupid, and I'm pretty sure it's not
           | even backed by data (or if it is, it's probably
           | overconservative).
        
       | burlesona wrote:
       | Fascinating. There's always a loss of lower-level knowledge when
       | we introduce abstractions. Yet "we stand upon the shoulders of
       | giants," it's the layers of abstractions underneath us that we
       | _don't_ have to understand or even think about that free our
       | minds to compose ever more amazing technology on top. Still,
       | progression from the layer that you know and love to the next
       | that paves over it is bittersweet.
        
         | falcolas wrote:
         | Philosophizing a little bit (and in agreement with one of the
         | quotes in the conclusion), I think the bittersweet feelings are
         | precisely because very few people try to understand the box,
         | because they consider it to be a black box.
         | 
         | But it's often a white box in reality. When the electric push
         | buttons came out, you could trace the wires and usually see the
         | mechanisms which were being triggered. The doorbell, for
         | example.
         | 
         | But curiosity rarely seems to push us in that direction, it
         | seems.
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | >we don't have to understand or even think about
         | 
         | But also don't have to make all the same mistakes other folks
         | did / toil our way through to the ... potentially same
         | endpoint. At least as far as code goes I've gone through plenty
         | of experiments that go:
         | 
         | "Man I don't need this complex chunk of software, let me just
         | try ..."
         | 
         | "Ok now I understand why that chunk of software is the way it
         | is... and it's better than mine... I'll use that."
         | 
         | Good learning experience! But do that enough and you just spin
         | your wheels endlessly.
        
           | eternityforest wrote:
           | I don't do that at all these days. It's almost a guarantee
           | that I'll eventually use the big complex thing, so I rarely
           | even consider trying anything else if it's a project that
           | actually matters.
        
       | andirk wrote:
       | Let's return to the button where possible. I often prefer
       | physical buttons due to the feedback I get. I know it does
       | nothing, but I'll still press extra hard on a stupid touchscreen
       | if it's not responding.
       | 
       | On how touchscreens are over-used for the sake of updating
       | without physical constraints. "The software guys can
       | independently do the design of the UI, changing things down to
       | the very last moment, or even after the last moment if the car
       | can be updated." [1] [1]
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32494497
       | 
       | On making light of people born post-1990s how no one can fix
       | anything now. "We care less about repair as most would rather
       | just scrap that broken TV and get a new one. The electronic and
       | small appliance repair store are all but gone" [2] [2]
       | https://qr.ae/pv5PjI
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | > Let's return to the button where possible. I often prefer
         | physical buttons due to the feedback I get. I know it does
         | nothing, but I'll still press extra hard on a stupid
         | touchscreen if it's not responding.
         | 
         | Unless, of course, your phone is one of the few where pushing
         | harder will make it perform a different action, if used in the
         | right place (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_Touch).
         | 
         | > On how touchscreens are over-used for the sake of updating
         | without physical constraints. "The software guys can
         | independently do the design of the UI, changing things down to
         | the very last moment, or even after the last moment if the car
         | can be updated." [1] [1]
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32494497
         | 
         | This is akin to frontend developers doing everything in their
         | power to make their development environment the most
         | comfortable, while sacrificing end-user
         | performance/bandwidth/usability for getting it.
        
           | oakesm9 wrote:
           | Force Touch was discontinued in 2019 and replaced with a
           | simple "long press" feature called Haptic Touch. iPhone 11
           | and later and Apple Watch 6 and onwards don't have the
           | pressure sensitive layer anymore.
        
             | Liquid_Fire wrote:
             | MacBook touchpads still have it though.
        
               | NonNefarious wrote:
               | And yet the (defectively) giant trackpads don't support
               | the Apple Pencil, which would have been great.
        
         | eternityforest wrote:
         | What we really need is more standardized swappable modules.
         | 
         | The odds of me replacing a BGA chip are low. By the time one
         | fails, the device may be obsolete, the part may be expensive,
         | my soldering skills probably could never be as good as a robot,
         | etc.
         | 
         | But if my computer has an issue, I can totally replace a bad
         | drive in full confidence that it's probably worth it.
         | 
         | The fact that there's no standards body for modular consumer
         | goods really sucks.
        
         | gregmac wrote:
         | > On making light of people born post-1990s how no one can fix
         | anything now. "We care less about repair as most would rather
         | just scrap that broken TV and get a new one. The electronic and
         | small appliance repair store are all but gone"
         | 
         | Very few people have _ever_ been capable of fixing things,
         | especially electronics. As electronics got smaller, more
         | integrated and more complicated the bar got higher, reducing
         | the pool of capable people even more.
         | 
         | The other problem is that TVs have gotten cheaper at the same
         | time labor prices have gone up. This drove all the TV repair
         | shops out of business because the bench time alone to even do a
         | quick diagnosis is already starting to approach the cost of a
         | new TV. Spending hundreds of dollars to (maybe) repair your 5+
         | year old TV just doesn't really make a ton of sense to most
         | people. And that's assuming there's not a major fault:
         | replacing a few capacitors is one thing; replacing the
         | mainboard or LCD panel can cost _more_ than buying a new TV.
         | 
         | This same pattern repeats for most consumer electronics, sadly.
        
       | atoav wrote:
       | The problem with Push Buttons is that they are (magnitudes!)
       | cheaper than sometimes more suitable input devices like knobs,
       | switches, etc.
       | 
       | This is why they are used everywhere.
       | 
       | Sometimes other electromechanical devices would have been the
       | better choice tho.
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
        
       | d--b wrote:
       | > The word "button" itself comes from the French bouton, meaning
       | pimple or projection, and to push or thrust forward.
       | 
       | What?
       | 
       | https://translate.google.com/?sl=fr&tl=en&text=bouton&op=tra...
        
         | sp332 wrote:
         | Scroll down a little bit on that page, and you can see the
         | alternate translation as "pimple".
        
           | LittleNemoInS wrote:
           | While I agree that bouton can mean pimple or zit, it's the
           | rest of the phrase that I don't understand. Bouton doesn't
           | mean projection, and sure isn't a verb...
        
             | vel0city wrote:
             | Projection can be a noun in English, and often is.
             | 
             | Related definition from Google: "A thing that extends
             | outward from something else: 'the particle board covered
             | all the sharp projections'"
             | 
             | Synonyms: protuberance, protrusion, sticking-out bit,
             | overhang, prominence, spur, outcrop, outgrowth, jut, bulge,
             | jag...
             | 
             | And obviously, projection can be a noun in its probably
             | most common usage as in "an estimate or forecast of a
             | future situation or trend based on study of present ones".
             | In the phrase, "this is the projection of where the
             | hurricane will go", "the projection" is a noun. The verb in
             | this phrase is "is", a linking verb.
             | 
             | "Wall Street bankers crafted a projection of the market."
             | The verb here is "crafted". What did they craft: a
             | projection. A noun.
             | 
             | "I watch the projection on the screen." - The verb here is
             | watch. What am I watching: the projection. A noun.
        
             | mbrubeck wrote:
             | Note that the English word was derived from Old French, not
             | Modern French. And Old French noun _boton /bouton_ ("bud")
             | is itself formed from the Old French verb _boter /bouter_,
             | "to thrust." It's had a variety of meanings in French
             | generally related to "thing that pushes out."
             | 
             | Google Translate is not a very complete dictionary. You can
             | find many more definitions in _Tresor de la langue
             | francaise informatise :_
             | 
             | https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/bouton
             | 
             | It means "projection" in the sense of "bit that sticks
             | out," like its use in goldsmithing or for the foot at the
             | bottom of a harp.
        
               | mbrubeck wrote:
               | (minor correction: the pegs of a harp, not the foot.)
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | > It means "projection" in the sense of "bit that sticks
               | out,"
               | 
               | And it also means that in English.
        
       | cercatrova wrote:
       | From Plato's dialogue Phaedrus 14, 274c-275b:
       | 
       | Socrates: I heard, then, that at Naucratis, in Egypt, was one of
       | the ancient gods of that country, the one whose sacred bird is
       | called the ibis, and the name of the god himself was Theuth. He
       | it was who invented numbers and arithmetic and geometry and
       | astronomy, also draughts and dice, and, most important of all,
       | letters.
       | 
       | Now the king of all Egypt at that time was the god Thamus, who
       | lived in the great city of the upper region, which the Greeks
       | call the Egyptian Thebes, and they call the god himself Ammon. To
       | him came Theuth to show his inventions, saying that they ought to
       | be imparted to the other Egyptians. But Thamus asked what use
       | there was in each, and as Theuth enumerated their uses, expressed
       | praise or blame, according as he approved or disapproved.
       | 
       | "The story goes that Thamus said many things to Theuth in praise
       | or blame of the various arts, which it would take too long to
       | repeat; but when they came to the letters, "This invention, O
       | king," said Theuth, "will make the Egyptians wiser and will
       | improve their memories; for it is an elixir of memory and wisdom
       | that I have discovered." But Thamus replied, "Most ingenious
       | Theuth, one man has the ability to beget arts, but the ability to
       | judge of their usefulness or harmfulness to their users belongs
       | to another; and now you, who are the father of letters, have been
       | led by your affection to ascribe to them a power the opposite of
       | that which they really possess.
       | 
       | "For this invention will produce forgetfulness in the minds of
       | those who learn to use it, because they will not practice their
       | memory. Their trust in writing, produced by external characters
       | which are no part of themselves, will discourage the use of their
       | own memory within them. You have invented an elixir not of
       | memory, but of reminding; and you offer your pupils the
       | appearance of wisdom, not true wisdom, for they will read many
       | things without instruction and will therefore seem to know many
       | things, when they are for the most part ignorant and hard to get
       | along with, since they are not wise, but only appear wise."
        
         | SilasX wrote:
         | Did you have a point with this? That couldn't be placed at the
         | top?
         | 
         | I don't know how hating on writing is related to people being
         | disoriented by pushbuttons, and maybe if you stated what you
         | thought the parallel was, you could have saved everyone some
         | time and effort in reading hard-to-parse prose.
        
           | cercatrova wrote:
           | > _people worried that the electric push button would make
           | human skills atrophy. They wondered if such devices would
           | seal off the wonders of technology into a black box:
           | "effortless, opaque, and therefore unquestioned by
           | consumers."_
        
             | SilasX wrote:
             | Any reason you couldn't have made the point explicit the
             | first time? Were you worried that others' reading skills
             | would atrophy if they only needed to read 100 words to get
             | the point, and so you posted 400 words while still missing
             | a critical block of 50?
        
               | lostgame wrote:
               | Y'know...it was clear that the original commenter was
               | telling a story. If you didn't want to read it, you
               | could've stopped. Nobody was making you. :) There are
               | plenty of other comments, and I found this one
               | fascinating; myself.
               | 
               | Maybe it's just that some of us still have patience - and
               | don't need things condensed into sound bites or
               | summations for our convenience.
        
               | cercatrova wrote:
               | Yes
        
               | plurinshael wrote:
               | Lighten up, Francis.
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | I think the reference is cliche to the point that I
               | usually hate to see it, but did understand the original
               | post's intent in context (that is, the context provided
               | by skimming the linked article to which the post is a
               | reaction) without issue. It didn't even occur to me that
               | it was anything other than plain.
        
               | dwringer wrote:
               | For this reason I actually thought it was a good comment.
               | I've seen the reference come up almost without fail in
               | discussions like this, but I've never seen it so
               | elaborated.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | It has a block of text, whose purpose isn't clear at the
               | beginning [1], and requires you to read the entire
               | comment, in its thick prose, and the article in order to
               | understand, and even then you have to guess which point
               | its referring, but could be wrong because cercatrova
               | didn't actually own one.
               | 
               | Here is how I would have done the comment:
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | >people worried that the electric push button would make
               | human skills atrophy. They wondered if such devices would
               | seal off the wonders of technology into a black box:
               | "effortless, opaque, and therefore unquestioned by
               | consumers."
               | 
               | This reminds me of Socrates's story about how people in
               | the ancient world worried about the atrophy from being
               | able to use writing:
               | 
               | >>"For this invention will produce forgetfulness in the
               | minds of those who learn to use it, because they will not
               | practice their memory. Their trust in writing, produced
               | by external characters which are no part of themselves,
               | will discourage the use of their own memory within them.
               | You have invented an elixir not of memory, but of
               | reminding; and you offer your pupils the appearance of
               | wisdom, not true wisdom, for they will read many things
               | without instruction and will therefore seem to know many
               | things, when they are for the most part ignorant and hard
               | to get along with, since they are not wise, but only
               | appear wise."
               | 
               | Full context (Plato's Phaedrus 14, 274c-275b): https://ww
               | w.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext...
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | Advantages:
               | 
               | A) Gets right to the point (so that if you already know
               | the point, you can skip it.)
               | 
               | B) Saves everyone the time and effort of reading thick
               | prose, most of which includes references to historical
               | figures
               | 
               | C) Still quotes the relevant part.
               | 
               | D) Still contains a quick link to the rest of the context
               | that cercatrova considered oh-so-important to add.
               | 
               | E) Contains a citation that can be googled in case the
               | link goes dead.
               | 
               | F) Doesn't take a big wall of text.
               | 
               | But yes, it does have downsides: it G) takes actual
               | communication effort, H) owns a specific point, and I)
               | doesn't make cercatrova look cryptically wise. If those
               | are your desiderata, then yeah, I agree he did it right,
               | and everyone was right to vote it to the top of the
               | discussion.
               | 
               | Can you elaborate on what you think we gain from making
               | everyone read 6x as much with no indication of what the
               | actual point is?
               | 
               | [1] I'm including people who weren't already aware of the
               | quote, though you don't seem to think their vote matters
               | here.
        
               | fredrb wrote:
               | That's usually how human conversations go. It's not
               | always efficient. You should try it sometime.
        
           | jimjimjim wrote:
           | nah, forget the point. I'm off to rabbit hole some dialogues
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | CobrastanJorji wrote:
         | How dare Amun-Ra come into my house and attack me like that!
         | Sure, I'm using Wikipedia to debate stuff on the Internet, but
         | my cell phone makes me a post human augmented, cybernetic
         | being, not a half-educated layman with a fondness for
         | sophistry. Right?
        
           | emptyfile wrote:
           | Ouch.
        
           | RobRivera wrote:
           | I remember when Amun-Ra personally attacked me the first
           | time. What with the calendar and the clock, oye nothings ever
           | enough for the schmuck. He'd have my legs for their ability
           | to atrophy my arm strength if he'd have his way, making me
           | look like a Glukkon
        
           | Guthur wrote:
           | Amun-Ra has missed one important part of writing. It is not
           | just for remembering one's own thoughts but also for
           | transmitting them over great distances of time and space.
           | 
           | If one is to read Wikipedia and repeat it verbatim without
           | understanding then one is only a single component of a
           | greater transportation medium. But if in contrast, if one was
           | to internalise those words and draw lines of inference
           | between ideas so elusively captured therein and a wider base
           | of knowledge then maybe you are something more.
        
           | MereInterest wrote:
           | It depends on where you draw the boundary between "you" and
           | "not-you". If that boundary extends only as far as your skin,
           | then your cell phone makes you forgetful and dependent. If
           | that boundary extends to tools that you use, books in front
           | of you, texts that you can summon up at a moment, then your
           | cell phone gives you a phenomenal recall for facts, though
           | also an increased risk of mind control.
           | 
           | For me, I draw the boundary based on latency, unconscious
           | guidance, and predictability. I can send a thought to move my
           | hand, and it moves as I think of it. The hand is within the
           | boundary of "me". Holding a pencil, I do not need to
           | consciously consider how to form each curve of a letter. The
           | pencil is within the boundary of "me". I can predict what
           | emacs will do when given keystrokes, so emacs is within the
           | boundary of "me".
           | 
           | On the other hand, there is a large delay between deciding to
           | open a door and it responding to my pull, so it clearly is
           | not "me". I need to consciously consider what search terms to
           | query, and cannot do so at an unconscious level. Even when I
           | repeat the exact same query as I did a year ago, I may not
           | find the results I was searching for, and so there is no
           | predictability. These lead me to feel that a search engine is
           | not within the boundary of "me".
        
             | CobrastanJorji wrote:
             | Your system of distinguishing "me" from "not-me" via a
             | quantitative metric is interesting to me because it's not a
             | binary. Human reaction time for hands is a bit faster than
             | feet. Are my hands more "me" than my feet? Well, that kind
             | of intuitively checks out to me. But reflex reactions, like
             | blinking, have less than half the latency of conscious
             | reactions. Are my reflex reactions more me than my
             | conscious decisions?
             | 
             | Your door example raises further questions. When I pick up
             | a remote control, the control moves just as easily as my
             | hand. Does the remote become an equal part of me
             | immediately?
        
               | Joker_vD wrote:
               | It seems you suggest to base the boundary on how
               | easy/trivial it is to make something go away from your
               | posession, akin to "big man in a suit of armour -- take
               | that off, what are you?" line of reasoning. Well, the
               | problem is that stripping tools from someone is not that
               | much more difficult than stripping memory: some fair
               | amount of violence would be necessary in both scenarios
               | (blunt torso traumas vs. blunt head traumas).
        
               | MereInterest wrote:
               | > via a quantitative metric is interesting to me because
               | it's not a binary.
               | 
               | It also means that it depends on the situation. If I'm
               | reading a book, then the movement of my hands feels
               | instant as I reach to turn the page. But back when I
               | played the piano, at times my hands could feel like they
               | are falling behind, not listening to what I'm telling
               | them to do, responding too slowly for what is being
               | demanded of them. Whether or not my hands feel like "me"
               | depends on what I'm trying to have them do.
               | 
               | > Does the remote become an equal part of me immediately?
               | 
               | I've never really thought of it in terms of time, in part
               | because it is only something to quantify in retrospect. A
               | pencil in my hand feels like a part of me, that responds
               | as I move it. If I press it against a piece of paper, I
               | interpret the sensory input as "felt" from the tip of the
               | pencil, even though I know that I have no nerve endings
               | there. But a pencil on the table isn't part of me.
               | Whether there's a smooth transition between the two as I
               | pick it up and gain control over it, or whether it's
               | something that just "clicks", I'm not sure.
        
               | medstrom wrote:
               | A remote-controlled door would become part of you, the
               | instant you hold the remote.
        
       | VoodooJuJu wrote:
       | >See - people even rejected great design like buttons when they
       | first came out! It just takes time to get used to new designs!
       | 
       | Still don't like your hamburger menu. Sorry not sorry.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-09-28 23:00 UTC)