[HN Gopher] Two-Twenty-Two
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       Two-Twenty-Two
        
       Author : _Microft
       Score  : 69 points
       Date   : 2022-10-10 18:13 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.science.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.science.org)
        
       | kurthr wrote:
       | I love me some Derek Lowe, but this one really beat around the
       | bush.
       | 
       | Article is about disinfection with 222nm light, which has some
       | very useful and well tested properties.
        
       | at_a_remove wrote:
       | As someone with a photosensitivity disorder, anything shorter
       | than 405 nm spells trouble for me. This is kind of a nightmare
       | scenario really.
        
         | jefftk wrote:
         | Are you sure something as low 220nm would? This is short enough
         | that the chemical changes it causes are very different than
         | longer UV.
        
           | at_a_remove wrote:
           | It sure will be exciting to find out.
        
         | tln wrote:
         | Sorry to hear that :(
         | 
         | Is there anything you use to detect light like this? Digital
         | spectrum meters or UV detector keychain etc.
        
           | at_a_remove wrote:
           | Pain, really. Anything shorter than "purple" is enough.
           | 
           | I just can't imagine how I would function if this sort of
           | thing became commonplace.
        
             | _0ffh wrote:
             | According to the article, 222nm would already be stopped by
             | the thin coat of dead cells on the skin. So it shouldn't
             | penetrate far enough to cause any trouble.
        
       | mig39 wrote:
       | Would organisms eventually evolve to be resistant to 222nm light?
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | Yes, of course.
        
       | chromatin wrote:
       | Given that the articled discusses 222 nm light being harmless to
       | humans, and acknowledging that 254 nm is known to be dangerous, I
       | am concerned that wide/universal deployment of such systems might
       | lead to situations where poorly constructed or serviced equipment
       | might emit dangerous wavelengths.
        
       | _tom_ wrote:
       | This needs more informative title.
        
       | jiggawatts wrote:
       | > "...led them to conclude that at the current OSHA regulatory
       | standard for continuous 222 nm light exposure that you would see
       | 90% viral inactivation at 8 minutes and 99% inactivation in about
       | 16 minutes."
       | 
       | Something I learnt about disinfection protocols is that they're
       | measured on a logarithmic scale, much like volume (decibels),
       | earthquakes, etc...
       | 
       | So when you see marketing saying things like "kills 99.9% of
       | germs", think of that as "strength 3" because it has three nines.
       | 
       | The article mentions strengths from 1 to 2, which is about as low
       | as it gets and still have "some" effect.
       | 
       | Hospital grade disinfectants are more like 99.99% to 99.999% ("4"
       | and "5" strength), for comparison. Autoclaves and the like can go
       | to "12"!
       | 
       | This is because bacteria grow exponentially, so to remove "one
       | doubling" time, you have to halve the numbers. To remove "two
       | doublings", you have to quarter the numbers, and so forth. In
       | other words, every unit of safety time you want to buy requires
       | an exponential increase in disinfection.
       | 
       | Keep this in mind when shopping for cleaning products! The
       | difference between "99%" and "99.9%" is just "one" doubling time,
       | not a tenfold improvement.
       | 
       | More reading:
       | https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f42a255876c3361a6189...
        
       | divbzero wrote:
       | > _What 's even better than [effective drugs and vaccines] are
       | public health measures that are taken even more broadly and don't
       | require individual actions. In the industrialized world, we took
       | many of these a long time ago, things like providing clean water
       | without pathogens floating around in it. It comes as a shock to
       | us when that layer of defense breaks down, because we're so used
       | to it that we take it as part of the natural order of things._
       | 
       | If disinfection with 222nm light or a similar safety measure
       | becomes so commonplace that we take for granted, that would be a
       | remarkable shift and a small silver lining to the COVID pandemic.
        
       | anikan_vader wrote:
       | The Atlantic article that this one links to admits that negative
       | side-effects of UV-C have been known since at least the 40's:
       | 
       | >> But though Wells and other early pioneers of this technology
       | could shine their 254 nm lamps aloft to clean the air floating in
       | the upper portion of rooms, or use the light inside vents or
       | ducts, they couldn't actually shine them downward, directly onto
       | the occupants of rooms, without ill effect. That's because,
       | although 254 nm inactivates pathogens, it also causes skin and
       | eye damage at certain doses.
       | 
       | This is a very contradictory tone with the article, which
       | essentially claims UV-C is totally safe for humans. EDIT: The
       | author of the article explicitly acknowledges this.
        
         | high_pathetic wrote:
         | Additionally, the UV radiation produces ozone, which is harmful
         | to breathe.
        
         | BoppreH wrote:
         | Dr Lowe explicitly mentions the danger of 254 nm:
         | 
         | > That's very much as opposed to (say) 254 nm light, which
         | starts doing damage immediately due to greater penetration into
         | animal tissue.
         | 
         | and that 200-222 is safer because of lower penetration.
         | 
         | > down in that range, the penetration of such light is only a
         | few microns, and it doesn't even get past the dead cells on the
         | surface of the skin and the cornea of the eye!
        
           | anikan_vader wrote:
           | My bad, thanks for the correction. I am surprised though - I
           | thought higher frequency waves were more dangerous, but
           | clearly that is not universally so.
        
         | tingletech wrote:
         | the article (titled Two-Twenty-Two presumably because it is
         | about this specific wavelength vs the whole UV-C range) does
         | say "222 nm light does not induce DNA damage in mice, even at
         | much higher flux than would be used for disinfection. That's
         | very much as opposed to (say) 254 nm light, which starts doing
         | damage immediately due to greater penetration into animal
         | tissue."
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | Seems like we should add ~222 UV light to many more home
       | appliances. Home water tanks with lower temperatures, dishwashers
       | with water-free sanitization cycles, refrigerators could include
       | a self-cleaning option, etc. If it holds bacteria and shouldn't,
       | use UV to sanitize.
        
         | zasdffaa wrote:
         | How about we stop worrying so much about germs unless killing
         | them wholesale is shown to produce a _significant_ increase in
         | health. I am pretty sure bactericides etc. are being pushed by
         | industry for their profit not our wellbeing at all.
        
           | tourist2d wrote:
           | I don't know why you want a significant increase in health.
           | I'd switch over even if it were a mild increase.
        
           | 1970-01-01 wrote:
           | Killing germs is part of modern daily life. You shower, do
           | dishes, brush your teeth, and wash clothes. It's much, much
           | cheaper to shine a UV light onto a surface for a few minutes
           | compared to using soap and other chemicals. UV toothbrushes
           | and toothbrush cleaners are already sold online.
        
             | zasdffaa wrote:
             | Me: let's not do <thing> unless we have a reason.
             | 
             | You: We should continue doing <thing> because we already do
             | <thing>
             | 
             | "carry on" is not a reason to do anything. I literally
             | can't understand how you are thinking to post such a non-
             | justification.
        
               | 1970-01-01 wrote:
               | Sorry, I don't understand where you are going with this
               | comment. I was explaining how UV can be used to save
               | energy. You're arguing against that?
        
               | funnymony wrote:
               | GP argues against killing microbes. (With some nuance)
        
               | zasdffaa wrote:
               | If you're talking cost then maybe. In the right places
               | such as hospitals, very likely. I'm questioning that we
               | should do that indiscriminately in other places such as
               | in homes. We have highly developed immune systems, let's
               | not risk weakening them. And not doing it costs nothing
               | at all.
        
               | bobsmooth wrote:
               | Germs cause disease. I know germ theory is pretty new but
               | its established science.
        
               | zamalek wrote:
               | Germs _also_ cause immunity. You do need exposure
               | (vaccines help, but aren 't enough).
        
           | shard wrote:
           | Agreed. More sterilization also goes against what we should
           | do per the hygiene hypothesis
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene_hypothesis, which
           | states that early childhood exposure to germs is necessary
           | for the development of a healthy immune system), especially
           | around children in non-hospitalization situations.
        
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       (page generated 2022-10-11 23:01 UTC)