[HN Gopher] I Fell 15,000 Feet and Lived (2009)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       I Fell 15,000 Feet and Lived (2009)
        
       Author : metadat
       Score  : 498 points
       Date   : 2022-10-26 14:41 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (uss-la-ca135.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (uss-la-ca135.org)
        
       | a4isms wrote:
       | Pairs nicely with the story of bailing out of an SR-71 Blackbird:
       | 
       | https://theaviationgeekclub.com/sr-71-pilot-explains-how-he-...
       | 
       | Recent HN discussion (including links to prior discussions):
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31641716
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Airbags in cars self-test themselves every time you start the
       | engine. They test all the sensors and electrics (including the
       | explosive igniter).
       | 
       | I would hope ejector seats do the same. If so, the fault must be
       | with the mechanical part. But OP does not describe the cabin
       | filling with dense white smoke as you'd expect from a rocket
       | propelled ejector seat.
       | 
       | That tells me someone made a major design mistake with the
       | seat... and yet the US military decided not to go dig up the seat
       | to find what went wrong with it.
       | 
       | Thats baaaaad...
        
         | bmitc wrote:
         | This was in 1963, so I don't think they had such automated
         | systems like that. Cars didn't even have airbags at the time.
         | And how are they supposed to dig up a seat at the bottom of the
         | Pacific Ocean?
        
           | Sharlin wrote:
           | Right, the F-8 (introduced in 1955) almost certainly doesn't
           | have a single transistor in it. Probably no vacuum tubes
           | either due to their fragility. It's all hydraulic or
           | electromechanical.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Apologies - I thought this was in 2009.
        
       | djmips wrote:
       | I remember reading stories written like this when I was a child
       | called Drama In Real Life - in Reader's Digest.
        
         | bentt wrote:
         | Totally! It even has the same cadence. I wouldn't be surprised
         | if this was in there at one point.
        
       | hbarka wrote:
       | Opposing anecdotes will not be available.
        
       | michael_fine wrote:
       | In a story of insane luck (and unluck!), the craziest part is
       | definitely this
       | 
       | " He said that if I had had a spleen, it almost certainly would
       | have ruptured when I hit the water, and I would have bled to
       | death. Of the 25 pilots in our squadron, I am the only one
       | without a spleen. It gives me something to think about. Maybe it
       | does you as well."
        
         | Diesel555 wrote:
         | I thought the craziest part was where in this sequence of
         | events does the pilot say
         | 
         | > "This is very serious," I thought.
         | 
         | It's just after
         | 
         | > "The main, 24-foot parachute was just flapping in the breeze
         | and was tangled in its own shroud lines. It hadn't opened! I
         | could see the white folds neatly arranged, fluttering feebly in
         | the air.
         | 
         | So... after the flame-out, after the fire, after the lack of
         | radios, after the failed ejection, after the canopy manual
         | ejection, after jumping out of the plane, after not hitting the
         | tail, then after pulling his parachute and it doesn't open does
         | he finally think - man this is serious.
        
           | dctoedt wrote:
           | >> "This is very serious," I thought.
           | 
           | That's typical of military pilots -- their ethos is to
           | present a calm, unruffled mien to the world. Phrases such as,
           | "I was a bit concerned" would translate as "I was _this_
           | close to sh*tting my pants from terror " in normal human-
           | speak.
           | 
           | (Source: Dad and sister were military pilots, plus my own
           | service aboard an aircraft carrier.)
           | 
           | There's a great and probably-apocryphal story in Tom Wolfe's
           | book _The Right Stuff_ where a rookie Navy fighter pilot is
           | part of a dog fight with North Korean (probably Russian-
           | piloted) MIGs; the rookie is shouting excitedly into the
           | radio,  "He's on my six! He's on my six!" Another American
           | Navy pilot responds, "Shut up and die like an aviator" -- as
           | in, _naval_ aviator.
        
             | tomcam wrote:
             | Damn check out /u/dctoedt's profile. It's not just his
             | father who's sickeningly accomplished.
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=dctoedt
        
         | dxbydt wrote:
         | aesop #1 - king spots an ant drowning in the pond. king uses a
         | leaf to rescue ant. courtiers admonish king for wasting his
         | busy schedule on trivia like ants. at night the king sleeps &
         | the snake opens his fangs to strike the king's leg. the ant
         | bites the king's toe & king moves his leg in the nick of time.
         | the next morning the king admonishes his courtiers - if not for
         | the ant i wouldn't be alive.
         | 
         | aesop #2 - man falls off horse and breaks leg. pretty damsel
         | unwilling to wed man because he is lame. everyone says, you are
         | so unlucky. lost your leg. lost your lady. now what ? king
         | announces war and all the able men of the village are drafted.
         | our man stays home because he is lame. the able soldiers are
         | killed off by the enemy. pretty damsel marries sole surviving
         | lame man.
         | 
         | many more where that came from :)
        
           | TrueSlacker0 wrote:
           | Sorta reminds me of the Zen Koan "Is That So"
           | 
           | "The Zen master Hakuin was praised by his neighbours as one
           | living a pure life.
           | 
           | A beautiful Japanese girl whose parents owned a food store
           | lived near him. Suddenly, without any warning, her parents
           | discovered she was with child.
           | 
           | This made her parents angry. She would not confess who the
           | man was, but after much harassment at last named Hakuin.
           | 
           | In great anger the parent went to the master. "Is that so?"
           | was all he would say.
           | 
           | After the child was born it was brought to Hakuin. By this
           | time he had lost his reputation, which did not trouble him,
           | but he took very good care of the child. He obtained milk
           | from his neighbors and everything else he needed.
           | 
           | A year later the girl-mother could stand it no longer. She
           | told her parents the truth - the real father of the child was
           | a young man who worked in the fish market.
           | 
           | The mother and father of the girl at once went to Hakuin to
           | ask forgiveness, to apologize at length, and to get the child
           | back.
           | 
           | Hakuin was willing. In yielding the child, all he said was:
           | "Is that so?""
        
           | Maursault wrote:
           | You've reminded me of the story of the Zen master and the
           | little boy from Charlie Wilson's War.[1]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2cjVhUrmII&t=0m38s
        
             | acidburnNSA wrote:
             | I was taught this by a Chinese culture coach. She said it
             | more like:
             | 
             | Man's horse runs away: aww Horse returns, brings new wild
             | horse: yay new horse Son riding wild horse breaks leg: aww
             | War comes and takes able-bodied men: yay get to live
        
           | sverhagen wrote:
           | So, whether it's unluck or foul play involved, are we
           | supposed to be grateful for the survival, or grumpy about the
           | occurrence in the first place. Then, apply logic to the
           | deities in your life.
        
         | throw827474737 wrote:
         | Wow.. so much bad luck (the original failure, ejection failure,
         | parachute failure) countered by that much luck (not hitting the
         | plane during "manual" eject, not bleeding to death because
         | havin his spleen removed 4 years earlier) ..amazing
         | unbelievable story with some good end :)
        
           | cdelsolar wrote:
           | i didn't understand something. he said impact with the plane
           | tail will usually kill someone during a manual eject, but
           | why? the plane and the person are going at the same speed at
           | first?
        
             | tunesmith wrote:
             | It's why it was pretty brilliant that he skewed the plane.
        
               | elteto wrote:
               | "Rolled" :)
        
               | tgarv wrote:
               | Sounds more like a combination of pitch and yaw: "I
               | trimmed the aircraft to fly in a kind of sidelong skid:
               | nose high and with the tail swung around slightly to the
               | right"
        
               | elteto wrote:
               | That makes sense, it not only gets the tail out of the
               | way but also pushes it down, making it much more unlikely
               | to hit it as he gets sucked out.
        
               | Diesel555 wrote:
               | He skidded the airplane. He applied rudder trim so that
               | the tail was not directly behind the aircraft. He also
               | mentions trying to be nose high.
               | 
               | What this would look like I think. Slow down to increase
               | angle of attack in level flight. The nose is now high
               | (likely already occurred after flameout and ejection
               | attempts without thinking about it - check). Go full
               | deflection rudder trim to skid the aircraft. Now trim the
               | ailerons and elevators to fly level based on drag and
               | adverse yaw. Get out.
        
               | csallen wrote:
               | As someone who doesn't fly planes, it's almost impossible
               | to understand this comment or the author's original
               | passage lol
        
             | suzzer99 wrote:
             | Until the air catches the person and slows them down much
             | faster than the aerodynamic and much heavier (attached to
             | the plane) tail fin.
        
             | bbojan wrote:
             | The airplane is dense and very aerodynamic. We would say it
             | has a high ballistic coefficient [1].
             | 
             | The pilot is light would leave the cockpit flat or even
             | bent over, which is a very non-aerodynamic shape. His
             | ballistic coefficient would be low. He would decelerate
             | quickly, and the tail would catch up with him and slam him
             | from behind.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_coefficient
        
             | Guest9081239812 wrote:
             | Imagine pushing a balloon out of your car window while
             | driving on the highway and taking your foot off the
             | accelerator. It doesn't float outside the window beside
             | you, but it comes to a stop almost in an instant.
        
               | quickthrower2 wrote:
               | Go into neutral would be better comparison but the same
               | thing would happen.
        
       | rainbringer2000 wrote:
       | After seeing the video of the fellow in the base jumping incident
       | last week, this feels extra poignant. Glad this guy survived to
       | talk about it.
        
       | cat_plus_plus wrote:
       | Not to diminish anything about the story, but he had a pilot
       | chute and a tangled main chute while falling, lowering terminal
       | velocity and allowing him to land feet first. The rest is up to
       | luck, like landing in turbulent water with lowered surface
       | tension. To be fair, there are several stories of survival even
       | without anything to slow the fall out there.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | bmitc wrote:
       | "Jesus Christ!" is my only reaction. This guy survived a sequence
       | of catastrophes, any one of which could have killed him: fire in
       | a plane, failed ejection and being ripped out of the plane,
       | parachute not deploying and hitting water, and being in open
       | ocean for a few hours.
       | 
       | I do wonder how in the world he survived hitting the water. Is it
       | just that he hit the jackpot in terms of his entry angle, body
       | position, clothing or boots, and/or likely hitting the water at a
       | crest or something where the surface tension was broken up a bit?
        
         | ars wrote:
         | Re: surface tension, see my reply here:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33348619
        
         | sharadov wrote:
         | What is insane is that after falling in the water he was still
         | conscious and had the presence of mind to cut the parachute
         | chords. How do you retain all your bearings after multiple
         | things going wrong and just not give up? Testament to his fight
         | to live ( am sure he's unique in that respect).
        
           | cm42 wrote:
           | Constant training, even/especially in bad weather, and
           | constantly preparing for specific tasks like this.
           | 
           | "Amateurs practice till they get it right; professionals
           | practice till they can't get it wrong."
        
             | bmitc wrote:
             | Is that your quote or did you get it from somewhere? It's
             | really good.
        
             | codegeek wrote:
             | Can I steal this quote.
        
         | cm42 wrote:
         | Meanwhile, on the internet: meh, Wikipedia has a table with
         | bigger numbers.
        
       | dctoedt wrote:
       | Something similar happened to my dad (USAF fighter pilot) in
       | around 1961 or 62: He was test-flying a T-33 single-engine jet
       | trainer assigned to his unit after it'd had repair work. The
       | engine quit and wouldn't restart. He ejected, but his parachute
       | didn't deploy fully (much the same as in the article) and he got
       | tangled in the shrouds. He said a quick Hail Mary just before
       | crashing head-first in a muddy, fresh-plowed field. The pilot of
       | another plane in the area saw the crash and radioed the tower to
       | send the meat wagon and not the ambulance, but my dad walked away
       | with just a headache -- and with his helmet split open like a
       | melon. The impact apparently damaged his inner ear: five years
       | later he started getting vertigo while aloft, and soon afterwards
       | got medically grounded. (That meant he lost the extra flight pay
       | and was reduced to his base pay, with four school-aged kids while
       | stationed in the Washington DC area -- to make ends meet, my
       | mother had to go back to work as an RN [registered nurse].)
       | 
       | EDIT: What I remember was that when my dad crashed (see above),
       | my mom came to get me from playing with the neighbor kids in
       | their yard. Dad had called her from the flight surgeon's office
       | and told her about the crash (very nonchalantly, she later said),
       | and that he was OK. So six-year-old me blithely went on playing.
       | Of course, my mom had been living with that possibility all their
       | married life ....
        
         | BolexNOLA wrote:
         | >and soon afterwards got medically grounded -- which meant he
         | lost flight pay, with four school-aged kids while stationed in
         | the Washington DC area; my mother had to go back to work as an
         | RN (registered nurse) to make ends meet.
         | 
         | That's so, so wrong.
        
           | otikik wrote:
           | Not only it's inhumane, it's also stupid: it incentivizes
           | pilots who have problems like that to hide them, instead of
           | coming forward.
        
             | Diesel555 wrote:
             | I'm not sure I agree with the inhumane (flight pay is an
             | incentive pay where without it pilots still make the same
             | pay as the rest of the military their rank), but I can
             | confirm the stupidity of the policy. Usually anyone
             | medically interacting with a fighter pilot on an issue that
             | could be grounding must spend some time gaining trust for
             | the pilot to be completely open with them. The result of
             | this policy is normally that pilots are completely fine -
             | until they are completely broken.
        
               | tyingq wrote:
               | For some context, "flight pay" ranges from $150/month to
               | $400/month today, depending on tenure. A brand new
               | lieutenant has a ~$41k base salary, a 4-year captain
               | ~$65k. So it's not a small incentive, but not huge
               | either. There are other things like base housing (or a
               | housing allowance), overseas pay, etc, that bump up
               | overall comp a bit.
        
             | Blackthorn wrote:
             | Indeed, this is exactly how the FAA medical system works.
             | People either avoid medical care, or conceal it by paying
             | in cash for everything, rather than risking their medical
             | status.
        
             | dctoedt wrote:
             | According to my dad, flight surgeons are the natural
             | enemies of military pilots.
        
               | the__alchemist wrote:
               | Depends. Fighter squadrons generally have their own
               | dedicated in-house flight doc. They stop by the squadron
               | regularly, hang out outside work, deploy and go TDY with
               | you etc. The good ones will do their best not to screw
               | you over. It's best to be guarded against anyone external
               | though!
        
             | ghoward wrote:
             | Yes, absolutely.
             | 
             | I have a pilot acquaintance that would refuse to go to the
             | doctor when he was younger.
             | 
             | I also tried to become a pilot, but because of a documented
             | history of taking anti-depressants, the FAA grounded me for
             | life, despite being years removed from needing them. [1] I
             | wish that history was _not_ documented.
             | 
             | [1]: https://gavinhoward.com/2022/09/grounded-for-life-
             | losing-the...
        
               | dmitrygr wrote:
               | Are you sure? Last I checked (a friend was on anti-
               | depressants), as long as you only want a private (not
               | commercial or ATP), a year off the meds or a year at a
               | stable dose and a letter from your doc that you're ok
               | will be enough to get a 3rd class medical.
        
               | ghoward wrote:
               | I have been denied a medical by the Federal Air Surgeon.
               | I have the personal letter from her to prove it.
               | 
               | This is usually done on a case-by-case basis; I just
               | happened to come down on the unlucky end of it.
        
               | dmitrygr wrote:
               | Sorry, that sucks. There is hope that MATRIX will allow
               | more small planes to be piloted without a medical. Hang
               | in there.
        
       | mewse-hn wrote:
       | This guy survived his gas tank popping like a balloon inside his
       | supersonic fighter jet, his eject mechanism failing, his backup
       | eject mechanism failing, and his parachute not opening
        
         | eagsalazar2 wrote:
         | The odds of all those failures seems impossibly high. I wonder
         | if the exploding fuel tank and/or resulting fire is what
         | damaged the eject mechanism?
        
       | frontman1988 wrote:
       | I have often wondered if some airbag/spring like device could be
       | created that can save a freefalling person upon impact. A lot of
       | people die in paragliding, skydiving, small aircraft crashes etc.
       | Would be cool if some of those lives could be saved.
        
       | ksherlock wrote:
       | Another interesting incident was Lt Col William Rankin who fell
       | from a distance of 40,000 feet through a thunderstorm. Due to the
       | updrafts, it took 40 minutes while he went up and down like a yo
       | yo.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rankin
        
       | robswc wrote:
       | Sorta related... I just remember having my mind absolutely blown
       | when I learned about terminal velocity. It never made sense to me
       | as a kid how small things could fall from relatively greater
       | heights yet humans couldn't do even a few stories.
        
         | merely-unlikely wrote:
         | "To the mouse and any smaller animal gravity presents
         | practically no dangers. You can drop a mouse down a thousand-
         | yard mine shaft; and, on arriving at the bottom it gets a
         | slight shock and walks away, provided that the ground is fairly
         | soft. A rat is killed, a man is broken, a horse splashes. For
         | the resistance presented to movement by the air is proportional
         | to the surface of the moving object. Divide an animal's length,
         | breadth, and height each by ten; its weight is reduced to a
         | thousandth, but its surface only a hundredth. So the resistance
         | to falling in the case of the small animal is relatively ten
         | times greater than the driving force"
         | 
         | https://www.phys.ufl.edu/courses/phy3221/spring10/HaldaneRig...
        
           | robswc wrote:
           | Exactly! Still blows my mind to this day.
           | 
           | Maybe because "falling" is such a simple thing and
           | experienced by almost all land animals... and just changing a
           | few properties can mean the difference of life or death.
           | 
           | After learning about it as a kid, I thought "if I ever get in
           | a plane crash, I just need to grab stuff to fall less fast
           | and maybe I'll survive." (which is not realistic at all but
           | you know, lol)
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | merely-unlikely wrote:
       | It amazes the quantity of resources that will sometimes be
       | deployed to rescue a sole man (or a handful) lost at sea. Not to
       | say this is a bad thing; I would certainly appreciate it if I
       | were lost at sea. But it might be questionable to a pure
       | utilitarian.
       | 
       | I counted at least one plane, two ships, and a helicopter all
       | being diverted for the rescue. That's a great deal of expense in
       | terms of fuel, I assume hundreds of crew, and lost time in
       | whatever they were supposed to be doing.
       | 
       | One might argue that the pilot himself is a valuable resource to
       | the military (cost of training plus his experience, fighter
       | pilots aren't cheap) but there are similar rescues of civilians
       | every once in a while.
        
         | imdoor wrote:
         | The "pure utilitarian" viewpoint never made much sense to me
         | because it seems to usually imply accounting for only first
         | order effects, when calculating some costs and gains, and
         | stopping there. I think the secondary effects of not saving
         | people might go far beyond some saved fuel and time in such
         | situations (especially in war, as some have mentioned here).
         | 
         | In other words, optimizing some aspects of a very complex and
         | well functioning system, such as society, locally is likely to
         | mess things up globally.
        
         | excite1997 wrote:
         | > questionable to a pure utilitarian.
         | 
         | So is most of human existence. "Efficient allocation of all
         | resources" isn't a common life goal...
        
         | Pasorrijer wrote:
         | Forbes estimates a basic, entry level fighter pilot costs about
         | $5.6m to $10m+ to train.
         | 
         | An experienced pilot, obviously, is even more... But that gives
         | you an idea of the starting value of a pilot!
        
           | piyh wrote:
           | And on the utilitarian front, the first hand knowledge of the
           | failure.
        
         | louison11 wrote:
         | I'd say this is actually when you see the true purpose of a
         | military shine: protect its people. It doesn't matter how much
         | it costs. This is real love and sacrifice right here. I read
         | that and although I'm not American, I felt very patriotic. What
         | a great attitude and effort all the people involved brought.
        
           | otikik wrote:
           | I read it differently. I think it's a tradeoff: they know
           | that if they don't do that sort of expenditure, troop morale
           | will go down and they will have a less effective group
           | anyway. So they take the lesser hit.
        
             | jondeval wrote:
             | I think in practice there is no 'they' where some sort of
             | single bean-counter trade-off decision is made to compute
             | an abstract utility function that weighs troop morale
             | against expenditure.
             | 
             | More realistically, it's a human decision making process
             | where everyone quickly aligns to do whatever it takes to
             | rescue the downed pilot. I've seen first hand how US
             | military members think in real life situations like this.
             | Everyone acts without a hint of self-interest around the
             | clock until they have exhausted all options.
             | 
             | In fairness, it helps that it's the US military and money
             | is typically of no concern in operational settings. :-)
        
         | tevon wrote:
         | From a utilitarian standpoint my guess is that the payoff is
         | confidence.
         | 
         | Every sailor on those ships watched them send everything they
         | had to rescue the pilot. Every one of them repeats this story.
         | And every kid/new recruit hears it. My guess is that it
         | instills a sense of safety where there isn't any.
         | 
         | I certainly feel safer traveling abroad knowing the lengths
         | America generally goes to rescue its own.
        
           | merely-unlikely wrote:
           | > From a utilitarian standpoint my guess is that the payoff
           | is confidence.
           | 
           | That's definitely part of the rational behind the more
           | general duty to provide assistance at sea:
           | 
           | "A master or individual in charge of a vessel shall render
           | assistance to any individual found at sea in danger of being
           | lost, so far as the master or individual in charge can do so
           | without serious danger to the master's or individual's vessel
           | or individuals on board."
           | 
           | https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/46/2304
        
         | ars wrote:
         | During a shooting war the calculation might change, but in
         | times of peace what else are you thinking they are doing that
         | is so much more important?
        
         | codefoster wrote:
         | It's foolish for the pure utilitarian to leave the human factor
         | out of the equation. Or perhaps his error is to consider
         | dollars to be the ultimate commodity. Really, we as humans work
         | for a much more valuable commodity than money. The fighting of
         | the war in the first place is a human attempt at creating a
         | good story (of a country that actually realizes peace and
         | prosperity). The saving of one man (whether soldier or
         | civilian) is yet another attempt at such a story. It's the
         | human way.
        
           | merely-unlikely wrote:
           | Everyone in this thread has made good points and I don't
           | disagree with any of them. Nor would I advocate to change
           | policies here. My comment was really a surface level reaction
           | to the number of resources deployed that I wouldn't expect to
           | see living in the city for example. I almost deleted the
           | comment right after posting but it was already generating
           | discussion so I thought I'd leave it.
           | 
           | > Or perhaps his error is to consider dollars to be the
           | ultimate commodity.
           | 
           | I was thinking (from a utilitarian perspective) about where
           | those dollars could have been deployed to have a larger human
           | benefit. Ie if the operation cost $500k (I really don't have
           | good numbers on this but two military ships + the aircraft
           | are not cheap) how else could you use that $500k to help
           | people in need.
        
             | EarthLaunch wrote:
             | I liked your original comment, not because I agreed or
             | disagreed with the utilitarian angle, but because it raised
             | the most interesting emotional aspect of this story. Thanks
             | for making it.
        
         | kortilla wrote:
         | You're discounting the morale destruction of leaving your
         | teammates to die to save gas costs.
         | 
         | > I assume hundreds of crew, and lost time in whatever they
         | were supposed to be doing.
         | 
         | They aren't producing widgets. They are mostly idle or training
         | for a real event anyway. This was a good training exercise at a
         | minimum.
        
         | dr_dshiv wrote:
         | What else would those resources have been doing anyway?
        
         | lefstathiou wrote:
         | My childhood best friend went into the Army to be a Ranger. He
         | once told me that there is basically no higher priority event
         | than a search and rescue mission. Down to a man, if you are
         | captured, or at risk of capture, special forces and black hawks
         | get called in with the ability to use any means necessary to
         | get you out of there alive. He said it was an extreme source of
         | pride for him personally to see how far they went to save their
         | men on the ground and that this policy empowered you to fight
         | harder and more confidently knowing that the full force of the
         | US military was behind you (ie "no soldier left behind")
         | 
         | While I am no expert on these things, a few of the videos /
         | articles / images I've seen of Russians fighters in Ukraine
         | lead me to believe they don't feel this similar level of
         | support from their armed forces, which could be contributing
         | adversely to the outcome (from their perspective).
        
           | dctoedt wrote:
           | See, e.g., the unbelievable heroics -- and losses -- in
           | rescuing a shot-down American flier during (what we call) the
           | Vietnam war, including a Navy SEAL who was awarded* the Medal
           | of Honor for his astonishing feats in finally getting the guy
           | out more than ten days after he was downed.
           | 
           | * For those who don't know: Recipients of medals for valor in
           | combat (I'm not a member of that august group) don't like it
           | when people say they "won" the medals, because all too often
           | some of their friends died in the engagement; the preferred
           | usage is that someone "received" or "was awarded" the medal
           | in question.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rescue_of_Bat_21_Bravo
        
         | yamtaddle wrote:
         | In the civilian cases, there may be large economic benefits to
         | the way people behave when they expect rescue if something goes
         | wrong, even if very few particular rescues make economic sense
         | _per se_.
         | 
         | There's likely a similar argument to made for the military, but
         | involving morale and willingness to take personal risks in
         | emergencies or times of war. _Esprit de Corps_ and all that.
         | 
         | These both in addition to all other arguments in favor of such
         | rescues.
        
           | dctoedt wrote:
           | > _There 's likely a similar argument to made for the
           | military, but involving morale and willingness to take
           | personal risks in emergencies or times of war. Esprit de
           | Corps and all that._
           | 
           | Yup. But it's not a conscious calculation; more like a primal
           | urge (or so I'm told, by people like my dad, who had first-
           | hand experience fighting in the Korean War).
        
             | yamtaddle wrote:
             | Oh, I'm sure it is, probably pretty far up the command
             | structure, and even all the way to the top, depending on
             | the people involved, let alone for those close to the
             | action. But even the bean-counters may not question it or
             | try to curb the practice, no matter how cold-hearted they
             | may be, because it may _in fact_ be a good use of money.
        
         | madrox wrote:
         | This reminds me of the articles attempting to calculate how
         | much we've spent fictionally bringing Matt Damon back from
         | places [1] and a line from the end of The Martian: "But really,
         | they did it because every human being has a basic instinct to
         | help each other out. It might not seem that way sometimes, but
         | it's true."
         | 
         | 1: https://time.com/4162254/cost-of-rescuing-matt-damon/
        
         | Rebelgecko wrote:
         | On top of the morale reasons that lots of people mentioned, the
         | opportunity cost isn't necessarily as bad as it sounds. Pilots
         | need a certain # of hours every year. If the option is "spend
         | 40 hours this month doing training exercises" vs "spend 40
         | hours saving a pilot", the utilitarian argument becomes a bit
         | weaker. Especially if search & rescue is part of their regular
         | duties.
         | 
         | Similar for sailors. They get paid the same whether they're
         | rescuing someone or drawing figure-8s in the middle of the
         | ocean.
        
         | pge wrote:
         | It's also (as I understand it) international law at sea that it
         | is the duty of any ship able to help to go the aid of a
         | distressed ship/person.
        
       | soegaard wrote:
       | Here is the amazing story of a controlled ejection from a Danish
       | F16:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hz4vKMsUvpE
        
       | NikolaNovak wrote:
       | The whole description is wordy but astonishing.
       | 
       | It is strange that the part that strikes me the most though is
       | this one:
       | 
       | "The Coast Guard amphibian gained altitude and flew off. (I
       | learned later that he headed for a squadron of minesweepers that
       | was returning to the United States from a tour of the Western
       | Pacific. He was unable to tune to their radio frequency for
       | communications. But this ingenious pilot lowered a wire from his
       | aircraft and dragged it across the bow of the minesweeper, the
       | USS Embattle. The minesweeper captain understood the plea, and
       | veered off at top speed in my direction.)"
       | 
       | That is such a fascinating operational ingenuity by the pilot and
       | the captain, I am thoroughly impressed!
        
         | Test0129 wrote:
         | I was under the impression that for non-surfaced subs the only
         | way to communicate them was to fly close to the surface and
         | lower a boom into the water. Is that not the case?
        
           | idontwantthis wrote:
           | Minesweepers are surface vessels
        
             | Test0129 wrote:
             | Oh good point. For some reason my mind was fixated on
             | submarines lol.
        
           | fit2rule wrote:
        
           | crdrost wrote:
           | These aren't subs, they are ships. I would imagine the plane
           | circled overhead at a low altitude several times, tried to
           | get their attention, kept going away and seeing if they would
           | follow, kept going back when they didn't. And people on the
           | ship were probably looking up being like, "what's his deal?"
           | 
           | A "shot across the bows" is a colloquial expression for a
           | warning demanding imminent action. The idea was that long ago
           | if you couldn't communicate with some other ship, your last
           | ditch effort to tell them to stop "or else" was to fire a
           | cannonball over the nose (the bow) of the ship, so that you
           | do not damage the ship but they would definitely see it and
           | know you mean business.
           | 
           | So I imagine someone on this plane using the colloquial
           | expression was just like "dammit! Follow us!! What more of a
           | shot across the bows do you need?!" And someone else was like
           | "you mean a literal one? I have some cable here, you drag
           | that a few meters above the deck I bet it will make a
           | terrible noise." or something.
        
             | the-printer wrote:
             | The dynamics of how humans can communicate with each other,
             | especially in spontaneous occasions like this, are so
             | interesting.
             | 
             | From what you're explaining, the expression wasn't
             | something necessarily standardized "code yellow" sort of
             | thing. Could two novices been able to convey or comprehend
             | the meaning between themselves?
             | 
             | With stories like this, who needs film!
        
               | jrumbut wrote:
               | It's also possible that the ship was already aware of a
               | lot of context, or perhaps after seeing the plane they
               | called to another ship and got the story.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | > Could two novices been able to convey or comprehend the
               | meaning between themselves?
               | 
               | Maybe not for a towed line, though the shot across the
               | bow is probably intuitive. That's essentially the same
               | thing bees will do to warn you away from their hive.
        
             | mjochim wrote:
             | In German, we have almost the same expression, "ein Schuss
             | vor den Bug." Literally, it translates to "a shot in front
             | of the bow." I never thought about where it came from.
             | Interesting to learn.
             | 
             | The expression has somehow always felt more like a frontal
             | attack that stops right before actually hitting you. But my
             | head may have conflated it with "jemandem etwas vor den
             | Latz knallen," which translates to "slap something in front
             | of somebody's bib."
        
             | LorenPechtel wrote:
             | Even without that--if an aircraft that I have identified as
             | an emergency services craft indicates a direction to me I'm
             | going to figure there's some reason I should be heading in
             | that direction. They clearly know something I don't.
        
           | jjwiseman wrote:
           | Submarines under the surface can receive VLF signals. The
           | signals are broadcast from either land stations[0], or
           | aircraft[1] trailing a 5-mile-long wire antenna (the aircraft
           | fly in a circle so the antenna is mostly vertical). Subs can
           | extend a long antenna below the surface in order to receive
           | the signals[2].
           | 
           | 0. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lualualei_VLF_transmitter 1.
           | https://twitter.com/lemonodor/status/1312134472280633345 2.
           | https://twitter.com/thenewarea51/status/1347668162406477824
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | otikik wrote:
         | I didn't understand this, is "lowering a wire" an expression?
         | did the airplane just literally throw a very long comms cable
         | to the minesweeper? How did they "understand the plea" and knew
         | where to go?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | suzzer99 wrote:
         | It's like Lassie barking at the family that Timmy has fallen
         | down a well.
        
         | jacksonkmarley wrote:
         | > The whole description is wordy
         | 
         | I for one really enjoyed reading this story, it was quite
         | exciting and I never noticed anything 'wordy' about it. I
         | thought it was very well written.
        
           | NikolaNovak wrote:
           | I meant it as a relatively neutral descriptor.
           | 
           | In modern day and age, this would frequently be shared as a
           | 20word phrase on tranquil image background on Facebook.
           | 
           | Compared to that, this is "wordy" - which some of us will
           | enjoy (I did too:), others will not.
        
             | jacksonkmarley wrote:
             | I'm glad you also enjoyed the story! In that case perhaps
             | we just have a difference in our definitions, since I would
             | interpret 'wordy' as implying some disapproval at an excess
             | of words.
        
             | slingnow wrote:
             | If your definition of "wordy" is "anything longer than a 20
             | word phrase", I mean, I don't know what to say really. Your
             | response to OP was definitely wordy then. And so is this
             | response.
             | 
             | You've basically redefined the word so that it no longer
             | has any meaning.
        
               | NikolaNovak wrote:
               | I think your response was sarcastic but I actually fully
               | agree - yes language changes, cultural & social norms
               | change. Today in 2022, based on average of media creation
               | & consumption, this article is wordy (or "long form", if
               | we feel "wordy" is loaded with negative connotation:). It
               | would not have been wordy in different times & places.
               | 
               | I _like_ long form. I like essays and articles and
               | geeking out and getting in depth of things. But I 'm not
               | oblivious that majority of media consumption is swiping
               | on TikTok or Instagram or Facebook.
        
               | nashashmi wrote:
               | "I like twitter"
        
               | Vox_Leone wrote:
               | I want to believe that there is still an audience for
               | long form. Besides, great debates can't be carried out
               | with 20-word pieces. Long form blogs of the web 1.0 were
               | instrumental for the tech environment we have today. I
               | would say that "you want to make articles as short as
               | possible, but not shorter" [0]
               | 
               | [0]https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/374887/mea
               | ning-o...
        
               | NikolaNovak wrote:
               | I feel there's perception that by labeling this article
               | as "wordy", I have _also_ made far more reaching implicit
               | claims such as
               | 
               | * Wordy is bad
               | 
               | * There's no room in this world for wordy/long-form
               | 
               | * I am a proponent of 20-word Facebook posts, they are
               | awesome and a pinnacle of human achievement and we should
               | all use them going forward
               | 
               | I have not made such a claim in the initial post and have
               | made substantial effort to explicitly indicate thusly
               | since. Lord knows nobody ever labeled _me_ as  "succinct"
               | :-D
               | 
               | My old co-worker had a term "We are in violent
               | agreement", and I feel that's what's happening here :->
        
             | fxleach wrote:
             | Indeed I felt that way too when reading passages such as:
             | 
             | "As I was looking around, I was struck for an instant by
             | the eeriness of the scene: here I was, attached, like an
             | unwanted child, by an umbilicus to a gargantuan mother who
             | was fleeing across the sky at 200 knots as though from some
             | unnamed danger. Far below us was a broken layer of clouds
             | that filtered the sun glare over the Pacific."
             | 
             | Wonderfully poetic and I enjoyed it, but yes, wordy.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | hsnewman wrote:
        
         | larrik wrote:
         | Are you serious? How long do you need this title to be?
        
           | Jtsummers wrote:
           | There is a long standing tradition on HN to complain about
           | titles that don't totally and completely accurately capture
           | the message of the article, such that the article is a mere
           | 1000 word bit of fluff to the tweet-sized message itself. Any
           | title short of that measure is clickbait or just wrong. Best
           | option is to ignore them.
        
             | mikestew wrote:
             | Captain Pedantic[0] also seems to be under the illusion
             | that the title is exclusionary. Quite the contrary: many,
             | many people can fall from 15K feet altitude and live, and
             | the title will be just as accurate.
             | 
             | [0] Kidding aside, I take it to be just a poorly-executed
             | attempt at humor.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | No, they typically keep their spacecraft much warmer.
        
         | googlryas wrote:
         | If you're going to be pedantic, at least be correct. "Absolute
         | zero" is basically always referring to temperature, and space
         | is not absolute zero. You're probably thinking of zero g. And
         | in any case, zero g isn't even pedantically correct because
         | you're still in Earth's gravitational field, so it should
         | really be something like zero g-forces.
        
           | vikingerik wrote:
           | "Microgravity" is the usual term for orbit - it's never quite
           | zero, due to irregularities in the Earth's mass distribution,
           | the tidal differential across the span of your body or the
           | spacecraft, and also influence from the moon and sun. There
           | are also nonzero forces other than gravity acting on the
           | spacecraft, in atmospheric drag, radiation pressure, and
           | thermal emission, so "free fall" isn't quite fully correct
           | either.
        
           | trelane wrote:
           | Yep. And not even _absolue zero_ is so absolute.[0]
           | 
           | Zero gravity? Then why are you orbiting?
           | 
           | [0] https://www.quantum-munich.de/119947/Negative-Absolute-
           | Tempe...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | smugma wrote:
       | I wasn't sure if it was real or fan fiction. But Googling his
       | name turns up an IMDB account of the story (still doesn't answer
       | the question) but also a link to the article from the Marion
       | Military Institute:
       | 
       | https://marionmilitary.edu/grit-profile-cliff-judkins-56-sur...
       | 
       | Amazing story.
        
       | fauria wrote:
       | Related to this, in 2012 Gary Connery [1] landed a wingsuit over
       | cardboard boxes [2], and in 2016 Luke Aikins [3] jumped from
       | 25000 feet (~7600 metres) without a parachute, landing into a
       | giant net that absorbed the impact [4].
       | 
       | There has been issues of BASE jumpers accidentally landing
       | wingsuits without deploying a parachute too (can't find any
       | reference online at the moment).
       | 
       | [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Connery
       | 
       | [2] - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEP8juRSBRo
       | 
       | [3] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke_Aikins
       | 
       | [4] - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTTOnvvEpn0
        
       | scarier wrote:
       | Classic "screamer" failure--the tag line is that you have the
       | rest of your life to figure it out. "The Man Who Rode The
       | Thunder" is another classic parachute story worth reading.
        
       | rootusrootus wrote:
       | This happened in 1963. Planes had only been flying for 60 years
       | at that point; it really is pretty amazing how quickly we
       | progressed on technology during those early years. We still fly
       | 737s, which are descended from a design that first flew in 1967.
       | As well as the C130, which was part of this story. And don't get
       | me started on B-52s, which are even older.
       | 
       | We have made great strides since then, of course, but it does
       | feel like 90% of the fundamental aviation technology we have
       | today was created just in the first few decades.
        
         | vuln wrote:
         | The U-2 was 1955-1957 still flying today.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_U-2
        
         | zugi wrote:
         | Some things are limited by unchanging physics, like what shapes
         | work aerodynamically, limitations imposed by the speed of
         | sound, the maximum amount of thrust that can be generated by a
         | kilogram of fuel, and so forth. Once humans figure out what
         | basically works, we keep making incremental improvements
         | towards optimality given the physical constraints. In such
         | scenarios the first steps always look the biggest.
         | 
         | The Boeing 787 Dreamliner doesn't look very different from the
         | 737 and its predecessors. But under the hood are some
         | revolutionary technologies: fly-by-wire all-electronic
         | controls, and construction primarily from carbon fiber
         | composite materials rather than the traditional steel,
         | aluminum, and titanium. It's actually pretty revolutionary, but
         | it still looks and feels like a fairly normal plane, because
         | it's the physics of air flow that dictates basic things like
         | shape.
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | Right.
           | 
           | There have always been novel concept planes but they usually
           | fall apart for practical reasons
           | 
           | * SSTs like Concorde use a lot more fuel and have to be
           | narrow, to the point of sacrificing comfort
           | 
           | * blended wings are not desirable for passenger comfort;
           | people like windows and _hate_ middle seats
           | 
           | * airplanes have to fit within the constraints at operating
           | at airports that currently exist. Cities are not going to
           | build new airfields or modify existing ones for billions of
           | dollars for what might be a technological fad instead of a
           | long term improvement, so you pretty much need to fit
           | existing gates, existing runway widths and weight limits,
           | etc. The A380 needed such modifications and therefore could
           | not be flown everywhere.
        
           | blauditore wrote:
           | For many of these physical boundaries, airplanes (as well as
           | cars) are nowhere near the limits. E.g. fuel efficiency of
           | engines is usually well below 50%.
        
         | ISL wrote:
         | > We have made great strides since then, of course, but it does
         | feel like 90% of the fundamental aviation technology we have
         | today was created just in the first few decades.
         | 
         | That's because the seminal work rapidly evolved into something
         | that's good-enough, and in some cases, close to optimal.
         | 
         | If you look around, wherever you're sitting, you'll find plenty
         | of other human-engineered objects from a similar design-
         | trajectory.
         | 
         | My coffee mug looks a whole lot like cups from Mesopotamia and
         | earlier.
        
           | soperj wrote:
           | On the other hand snowshoes though look nothing like
           | snowshoes from 50 years ago.
        
             | djmips wrote:
             | 'nothing like' is quite the hyperbole - but yes even
             | airplanes and computers are quite a bit more advanced than
             | F-8 Crusaders and Whirlwind machines of 1955. Probably at
             | least as much more than snowshoe advances. It's just the
             | basics are all still there.
        
         | andrepd wrote:
         | The thing that throws me the most is that in 1901 we had the
         | first powered heavier-than-air flight, a flimsy thing which
         | flew for a few minutes; by 1915 there were thousands of
         | aircraft routinely running all sorts of missions in the war.
         | 
         | But to be fair, the Wright brothers first flight might be the
         | start of an era, but the history of aviation has at least 1
         | century of intense experimentation and developing leading up to
         | that.
        
         | djmips wrote:
         | The same is true of computers which seem to have been created
         | in practically final form so concisely summarized by
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Draft_of_a_Report_on_the...
         | 
         | On a whim I have investigated old computer architectures and
         | was surprised to find myself completely at home despite when
         | they call the 'instructions' 'orders'. :)
        
           | suzzer99 wrote:
           | Which is why software patents are so silly. When it's all 1s
           | and 0s under the covers, everything else just flows
           | logically.
        
         | gibspaulding wrote:
         | The progress of aviation technology fascinates me. We went from
         | the wright flyer to the B-52 in just 50 years and then in the
         | next 70 years went from the B-52 to... pretty much still the
         | B-52 (at least in terms of payload/range/airspeed).
         | 
         | You could probably come up with something similar to Moore's
         | law for for those stats over those first 50 years. Makes me
         | wonder if/when computing will reach a similar plateau. It's
         | felt like we're close for a while, but at least if you allow
         | for a somewhat flexible definition, it just keeps trucking
         | along.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | pcurve wrote:
           | I think the progress is mainly limited by cost of fuel and
           | sonic boom. But progress has been made in so many other
           | areas. Planes are safer quieter lighter and more reliable.
           | Some parts of computers also stopped progressing. For example
           | keyboards haven't changed much and neither have laser
           | printers. ;)
        
             | TrapLord_Rhodo wrote:
             | Progress is limited by security clearance.
             | 
             | The US has incredible aircraft but no incentive to 'share'.
        
               | wbl wrote:
               | The USAF was third in the world for supersonic flight
               | hours in the 1990's. First was British Airways second was
               | Air France.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | The military doesn't optimize for fuel burn though, which
               | limits practicality in the cutthroat commercial sector.
        
               | 10000truths wrote:
               | Commercial supersonic flight has been done before with
               | the Concorde and the Tu-144. While it might not be as big
               | a money maker as standard commercial flights, I'm sure
               | there are people willing to shell out big bucks to reduce
               | their 15-hour flight to 3 hours.
        
               | tedunangst wrote:
               | Nobody is building passenger jets that go Mach 5.
        
               | 10000truths wrote:
               | Yeah, the numbers I wrote are rather exaggerated. But
               | even just the Mach 2 that the Concorde could achieve
               | would halve long-distance travel times.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Because of the fuel burn, they also don't go that far.
               | Military supersonic planes regularly do aerial refueling
               | to make up for it.
               | 
               | At the kind of range that Concorde and the Tu-144
               | operated at, you can either spend three hours in a plush
               | but narrow seat, or you can leave at night in a lie-flat
               | business seat and wake up refreshed after a 6-8 hour
               | sleep.
        
           | lambda wrote:
           | We basically built towards a local maximum of what's
           | physically possible for fossil-fuel powered sub-sonic
           | aircraft; we also pushed into super-sonic, but the efficiency
           | and noise pretty much preclude that for all but military and
           | niche commercial operations.
           | 
           | However, there have been huge improvements in other areas,
           | like efficiency and safety. Take a look at this fatal
           | accident charts, and remember that aviation usage has been
           | growing in the meantime, so rates per passenger and per
           | passenger mile have been improving even more than this shows.
           | 
           | https://aviation-safety.net/graphics/infographics/Fatal-
           | Acci...
        
             | jefftk wrote:
             | _> remember that aviation usage has been growing in the
             | meantime, so rates per passenger and per passenger mile
             | have been improving even more than this shows_
             | 
             | We can chart that directly, and I agree it's impressive: ht
             | tps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation_safety#/media/File:Fa.
             | ..
        
               | lambda wrote:
               | Yep, thanks! Was looking for a chart like that but didn't
               | find one on a quick search.
               | 
               | And yeah, that's a huge improvement in safety. So while
               | the general shape of airplanes, and range and speed might
               | seem similar, the airplanes themselves and the whole
               | ecosystem around them (pilots, maintenance, airline and
               | airport ops, air traffic control, and so on) are far
               | safer.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | And microcomputers are not yet 60 years old...
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | There were a lot of technical failures here...
       | 
       | I wonder if OP was _very_ unlucky, or if perhaps many of the
       | rarely used bits of safety equipment perhaps aren 't as well
       | designed and robust as they ought to be...
        
       | jeffrallen wrote:
       | I work in aviation, and every one of these stories grips me. The
       | complexity of the systems the military uses is enormous, but I
       | especially liked the tremendous effort the Navy put into getting
       | him to a hospital on land within hours.
        
       | thrdbndndn wrote:
       | Previous discussion:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15480334
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Thanks! Macroexpanded:
         | 
         |  _I Fell 15,000 Feet and Lived_ -
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15480334 - Oct 2017 (246
         | comments)
        
       | the__alchemist wrote:
       | > At that time no one knew why his aircraft had flamed out. We
       | all supposed it had been some freak accident that sometimes
       | happens with no explanation. One thing we knew for sure, it was
       | not pilot error. This accident had to be some kind of mechanical
       | malfunction, but what? Our squadron had a perfect safety record
       | and was very disturbed because of the loss of an airplane the day
       | before.
       | 
       | Today in peacetime if this happened, they might ground the fleet
       | depending on the details and leadership risk climate. If it were
       | pilot error, this would be less concerning, since the cause would
       | be known, and not to cause future problems (other than training-
       | related concerns like if others would make the same mistake) A
       | rogue mechanical failure that causes a crash/bailout is very
       | concerning!
       | 
       | Risk tolerance was probably higher back then.
        
       | cm42 wrote:
       | > "This is very serious," I thought.
       | 
       | Pilots are some of my favorite people.
        
         | trelane wrote:
         | And they say _Brits_ are the kings of understatement. :)
        
       | lkrubner wrote:
       | This doesn't seem like a big deal, since it is only 15,000 feet
       | and he had the help of an unopened parachute, which certainly
       | slowed his descent, even though it didn't slow his descent
       | enough.
       | 
       | By contrast, Vesna Vulovic fell 33,000 with no parachute to help
       | her, and she also lived.
       | 
       | https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/9496466/stewardess-terror-fell...
        
         | msla wrote:
         | Back-of-envelope math on an educational website says terminal
         | velocity for a human in a horizontal position (that is, someone
         | with some control over themselves trying to _not_ go fast) is
         | approximately 120 mph, achieved after falling about 1490 ft.
         | 
         | https://owlcation.com/stem/Drag-Force-and-the-Terminal-Veloc...
        
       | anderspitman wrote:
       | Reminds me of a web page I stumbled upon many years ago. It was
       | very much visually designed in the 90s style.
       | 
       | The whole page was dedicated to tips and tricks for surviving
       | falls from very high distances. I only remember 3 points:
       | 
       | * For most of the fall, try to spread out like a flying squirrel
       | to reduce your terminal velocity.
       | 
       | * As you get close to the ground, rotate to take the impact
       | primarily on your feet and legs.
       | 
       | * After you bounce, try to land on your feet again.
        
         | 2runner wrote:
         | Possibly?
         | 
         | http://www.greenharbor.com/fffolder/carkeet.html
        
           | anderspitman wrote:
           | Definitely very similar in spirit; nice find! Doesn't feel
           | like the same one though.
        
         | codethief wrote:
         | > As you get close to the ground, rotate to take the impact
         | primarily on your feet and legs.
         | 
         | That makes it sound a lot easier than it actually is.
        
           | LorenPechtel wrote:
           | Not that hard for an experienced jumper.
        
           | anderspitman wrote:
           | You've probably got a minute or two to practice, yeah?
        
         | spbaar wrote:
         | Didn't it also mention that a lot of survivors hit some type of
         | slope?
        
           | merely-unlikely wrote:
           | Not sure if it was the same one but I've read you also want
           | to avoid water (since it doesn't compress). Go for dirt/grass
           | if possible.
        
             | ars wrote:
             | That doesn't make sense: dirt/grass also don't compress.
             | Small branches might be good, but water is certainly more
             | compresible than dirt.
        
               | chucksmash wrote:
               | I agree that it seems unintuitive, but compressibility of
               | water is up to four orders of magnitude lower than a very
               | plastic clay, and even worse than gravel[1]. Generally
               | the speeds at which we impact water are slow enough that
               | this effect is not noticable (i.e. we have time to
               | sufficiently displace, not compress, the water without
               | suffering a catastrophic deceleration).
               | 
               | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressibility#Earth_
               | science
        
               | ars wrote:
               | This sounds like something that would have been perfect
               | for MythBusters.
        
               | BucketsMcG wrote:
               | It's really not. Earth's generally full of holes big and
               | small. Water isn't.
        
         | dirtyid wrote:
         | I remember that page
        
           | anderspitman wrote:
           | Any idea what some good search terms might be to find it?
           | Googling hasn't yielded any leads for me yet. Good chance
           | it's down but maybe it exists on archive.org somewhere.
        
             | knodi123 wrote:
             | "unplanned freefall" will get you there. ;-)
        
         | heavyset_go wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parachute_landing_fall
        
         | prego_xo wrote:
         | _after you bounce_ is a terrifying concept.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | I assume the failed automatic cut-off switch was in the tanker...
       | 
       | If so, upon a refuelling the day before which caused a flame-out
       | and loss of a plane, there is no way they should have been
       | reusing that same tanker until the root cause was understood.
       | 
       | There could have been other causes, like a bad batch of fuel
       | (could easily cause a flameout), debris in the fuel, water in the
       | fuel, a subtle leak in the connector, something that causes
       | foaming of the fuel, etc.
       | 
       | Exception: A major war where risking loss of a few more planes
       | and people is worth it to avoid missing a military maneuver that
       | cannot be delayed.
        
       | jbverschoor wrote:
       | Did the parachute not simply open before he landed in the water?
       | He can't remember that part, and he only woke up after the
       | parachute was under water and yanking on him.
       | 
       | Either way, refreshing to see a well written piece.
        
         | margalabargala wrote:
         | The closed parachute acted as a streamer, slowing him down
         | enough to cause only severe injury on a water landing.
         | 
         | Had the parachute opened, an unconscious water landing would
         | not have caused such injuries. That would only happen at speed.
         | 
         | Am a licensed skydiver.
        
           | jbverschoor wrote:
           | Not even when it opened at the last moment?
           | 
           | I don't know how fast he was falling, but even in water it
           | seems almost impossible
        
         | LorenPechtel wrote:
         | A streamed parachute is a lot better than no parachute. Kinetic
         | energy goes at the square of velocity so even a fairly small
         | slowing is worth a lot in reducing injury.
        
       | martin1975 wrote:
       | God sometimes spares some who would surely die due to
       | circumstances, like this pilot through a horrific air crash....or
       | Viktor Frankl and other holocaust survivors.... to show His power
       | and glory to the rest of humanity.
       | 
       | Or maybe it's just all "luck", as many opined.
        
       | tomcam wrote:
       | I on the other hand have literally broken my leg twice walking on
       | featureless asphalt
        
         | knodi123 wrote:
         | Yeesh, maybe you should try and avoid featureless asphalt in
         | the future.
        
           | tomcam wrote:
           | _furiously takes notes_
           | 
           | I think the first time was because the asphalt was very very
           | fresh. It was still sticky, and it was a hot sunny day in
           | Oregon. My theory is that my shoe stuck to it.
           | 
           | The second time was on my nightly constitutional around my
           | own neighborhood. I'm hoping it's because there was a buckled
           | portion near the curb. But a couple years later I would have
           | foot surgery, and it turns out my bones are spongy. The
           | screws just kind of slipped out because the bone wouldn't
           | hold them. So now I take thousands of milligrams of calcium
           | per day on order of the foot doctor. That in turn has left me
           | with giant kidney stones. :O
           | 
           | Long story short I just don't think I have the kind of luck
           | Cliff Judkins had that fateful day.
        
       | stall84 wrote:
       | Incredible find.. As a pilot, lifelong aviation freak.. being in
       | (nowhere near as 'unlucky') somewhat similar situations (running
       | out of fuel in midair .. being trapped in monterey marine layer
       | suddenly before instrument trained) there is definitely this
       | inexplicable ability or pursuit of the ability to just keep
       | trying.. Notice the author always went to the 'next thing'.. when
       | his primary chute didn't open .. he spent the free-fall time not
       | on looking out at the ground coming up at him, but looking up
       | toward the tangle, trying to shake it free.. Always trying
       | _something_ else after the previous attempt failed.
       | 
       | Great story
        
       | pavlov wrote:
       | Weird 1990s HTML! The document is wrapped in a <table> and each
       | paragraph is inside a <big> tag for some reason.
       | 
       | It's a lot easier to read if you add `line-height: 1.8em` to the
       | body tag style.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | whoisjuan wrote:
       | Still not as impressive as Vesna Vulovic, a flight attendant who
       | holds the Guinness world record for surviving the highest fall
       | without a parachute: 10,160 m (33,330 ft; 6.31 mi)
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Vulovi%C4%87
        
         | mabbo wrote:
         | I'm even more impressed with Nicholas Alkemade:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade
         | 
         | He was the tail gunner on a WW2 Avro Lancaster that was on fire
         | and going to crash. So he simply opened the door and jumped.
         | 
         | > His fall was broken by pine trees and a soft snow cover on
         | the ground. He was able to move his arms and legs and suffered
         | only a sprained leg.
         | 
         | > Alkemade was subsequently captured and interviewed by the
         | Gestapo, who were initially suspicious of his claim to have
         | fallen without a parachute. This was until the wreckage of the
         | aircraft was examined and his parachute was found as Alkemade
         | had described it. The Germans gave Alkemade a certificate
         | testifying to the fact. He was a celebrated prisoner of war,
         | before being repatriated in May 1945.
         | 
         | He fell 5 km and basically walked it off. Even the Germans were
         | duly impressed.
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | Remarkable, yes, but I wouldn't use "impressive" for either
         | fall. Surviving such ordeals is (almost) 100% luck.
         | 
         | I would use impressive for cases where the main subject has
         | considerable influence in the outcome, as, for example, Ernest
         | Shackleton had, or as people lost at sea for months with very
         | limited resources had.
         | 
         | (In this case, the part where he survives while in the ocean
         | may be impressive, but I have no idea how hard that was)
        
           | throwawaymaths wrote:
           | I believe there was a woman whose parachute failed and she
           | knew her highest likelihoog of survival was to find a big and
           | fall into the bog. She survived with relatively few injuries
        
         | a4isms wrote:
         | Thanks for the link, although I believe we're now in a place
         | where "relative impressiveness" is all-but-meaningless. These
         | are all impressive stories, and trying to figure out which one
         | is more impressive is a little like sitting in a barbershop
         | trying to figure out who is the greatest boxer that ever lived.
         | 
         | My contribution to impressive feats of survival bailing out of
         | an airplane is this story of a WWII ball turret gunner who
         | survived a fall from his bomber without a parachute:
         | 
         | https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/03/04/during-ww2-an-amer...
         | 
         | I think there are other such WWII stories, I seem to recall
         | someone who fell into an evergreen forest in winter and
         | credited the snow-laden trees for his survival.
        
           | LorenPechtel wrote:
           | I think you have the same story twice. The ball gunner went
           | into an evergreen forest in the winter.
        
             | a4isms wrote:
             | The story I was thinking of is of Nicholas Alkemade, linked
             | elsewhere in this discussion. He was a Lancaster tail
             | gunner:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Alkemade
             | 
             | The story I linked to above is of Alan Magee, a B-17 ball
             | turret gunner who fell through the glass roof of the Saint
             | Nazare train station.
             | 
             | They're not the same story, but boy are they similar!
        
           | aliqot wrote:
           | Dicky Ecklund https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicky_Eklund
        
             | a4isms wrote:
             | "Any time we talking boxers, East Coast Elites gotta bring
             | up Dicky Eklund. Dicky Eklund, Dicky Eklund, Dicky Eklund,
             | that's all you hear. Stop with your Dicky Eklund, everybody
             | know it be George Chuvalo!"
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Chuvalo
        
               | jrumbut wrote:
               | Where is the quote from? Sounds familiar.
        
               | genghisjahn wrote:
               | https://youtu.be/gv7mO41bbPg?t=74
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | didn't Eddie Murphy play all of those roles at the same
               | time? well i mean it was edited to look like he played
               | them all at the same time.
        
               | a4isms wrote:
               | Good call-out!
               | 
               | That was the scene I had in mind when I mentioned sitting
               | in a barbershop arguing about the greatest boxer who ever
               | lived, and while I didn't want to repeat that speech
               | word-for-word, I was most definitely thinking of the Joe
               | Frazier Rocky Marciano line you picked out.
               | 
               | Finally, for all three people in the world who care, I
               | picked George Chuvalo as my reply specifically because he
               | is famous for fighting Ali twice and staying on his feet
               | both times.
        
               | jrumbut wrote:
               | Wow you two really understand each other!
               | 
               | I was thinking "what movie did I miss where they
               | discussed Dicky Eklund and George Chuvalo?" I was
               | wondering if it was from that old Showtime documentary
               | about Dicky's darker times.
        
         | yunwal wrote:
         | I imagine at 10s of thousands of feet, you're hitting terminal
         | velocity easily, and the extra 20000 feet is an advantage in
         | that you have more time to prepare for landing.
        
         | snarg wrote:
         | I think, once you've reached terminal velocity, all fall
         | distances are equally impressive. At that point, it's probably
         | best to judge by outcome.
        
           | AtNightWeCode wrote:
           | Sure, but statistically, survival rate from falls above a
           | certain height are about the same. I think it is as low as 10
           | meter. A fall from that height will most likely kill you.
        
           | rtkwe wrote:
           | Cliff was almost definitely falling slower than Vesna though
           | because he had the partially deployed parachute providing
           | extra drag.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | Terminal velocity varies a LOT based on body position and
             | individual mass to surface area ratio, so honestly hard to
             | know.
             | 
             | A 'standard' human falls between 110-130 mph in a 'flat'
             | belly to earth position (which actually requires non-
             | trivial training to achieve reliably).
             | 
             | Someone tumbling in an uncontrolled fashion will have
             | wildly varying and often higher speeds.
             | 
             | Someone 'tracking' can have highly reduced descent rates,
             | even as low as 90mph (no wing suit required).
             | 
             | Someone falling with a drogue chute or partially deployed
             | chute can fall slower, or faster, depending on what body
             | position it ends up putting them in and how much drag it
             | actually produces. If it wraps around their leg or arm for
             | instance, it can put them in a feet down or head down
             | position, which will have them falling a lot faster. Head
             | or feet down can easily be 150+ mph without special gear.
             | 
             | Having done it, it's quite noticeably faster, and you have
             | to watch the altitude a lot more as your floor comes up
             | _much_ faster than your intuition expects.
             | 
             | Source: licensed skydiver (C for anyone who cares), with a
             | decent number of relative formation work and free flying in
             | my logbook.
        
             | googlryas wrote:
             | But vesna was stuck in the fuselage, not just free falling.
             | So she may have had a higher speed, but she have
             | experienced fewer Gs as the fuselage crushed upon landing,
             | giving her a greater distance to decelerate.
             | 
             | But really, it's silly to compare these. Neither relied on
             | any personal qualities to achieve the outcome, it is
             | basically just blind luck in both cases. Without Cliff's
             | lack of spleen or Vesnas weirdly low blood pressure, both
             | probably would have died. Or if they just landed oriented
             | slightly differently.
        
         | throwawaymaths wrote:
         | Terminal velocity is terminal velocity, so the speed at which
         | you fall tops out relative to altitude pretty quickly
         | 
         | Water is basically concrete at terminal velocity. I'm not an
         | expert, but I wouldn't be surprised if he survived because he
         | fell into the water at the location of his plane, which was
         | emitting bubbles that break the surface tension and make water
         | safer to fall into
        
           | ars wrote:
           | There's nothing whatsoever to do with surface tension, which
           | is utterly minimal.
           | 
           | The actual reason water is so hard is simply that the water
           | need to move out of your way when you fall into it, and if
           | you are moving faster than it can do that then you simply hit
           | the water as if it were a solid.
           | 
           | Both bubbles and waves make it easier for the water to move
           | out of your way.
        
           | entropicgravity wrote:
           | And there were waves. He could have hit in the froth of a
           | breaking wave. Waves must have been of decent size for the
           | amphibious airplane to not be able to land.
        
           | hn_user2 wrote:
           | My guess is it is very unlikely he hit where the plane did.
           | More likely the rough sea and high swells created the
           | turbulence needed.
        
         | pea wrote:
         | There was also a lady who fell 15,000 ft after two parachute
         | malfunctions, only to land on a colony of fire ants who
         | preceded to sting her back to life (apparently).
         | 
         | > Paramedics brought a barely conscious Joan to Carolinas
         | Medical Center for emergency treatment. Doctors determined that
         | repeated fire ant stings luckily shocked her heartbeat and
         | stimulated her nerves. The insect assault kept her heart
         | beating and her organs functioning long enough to keep her
         | alive during transport, where she fell into a comatose state.
         | 
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20180313145230/skydiving.com/new...
        
           | mabbo wrote:
           | "Fortunately, I landed in a giant nest of fire ants" says
           | literally one person, ever.
        
         | im3w1l wrote:
         | An unopened chute has got to be better than none right?
         | 
         | Edit: at slowing your fall I mean.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | See my comment above - it depends on what body position it
           | puts you in, and what body position you'd otherwise be in.
           | 
           | In sports skydiving, it's generally considered fatal either
           | way to not have a fully functioning parachute above your head
           | long before you come back in contact with the ground.
           | 
           | A partially deployed parachute is also considered to be one
           | of the most potentially lethal types of malfunctions, as it
           | has a high risk of entangling the reserve parachute. Bailout
           | parachutes often don't have a backup.
        
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