[HN Gopher] A sleuth's guide to the coming wave of corporate fraud
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       A sleuth's guide to the coming wave of corporate fraud
        
       Author : drooby
       Score  : 60 points
       Date   : 2022-11-13 17:13 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | ramesh31 wrote:
       | Interesting to see this play out in the crypto world in real
       | time. CZ is coming across as the only legit player left in the
       | space. And it seems hard to imagine he'd be putting a spotlight
       | like this on himself if things weren't airtight over there. Looks
       | like Binance will be the winner take all.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | He doesn't even have a business address.
        
           | moralestapia wrote:
           | How does he operate though?
           | 
           | Where does he send/receive fiat?
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | Normally, Tether.
             | 
             | Another steaming stinking bucket of goo no one wants to
             | look too hard at, for fear it will actually be shit instead
             | of the maple syrup they keep being promised.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | buitreVirtual wrote:
         | I don't think he is chasing the spotlight more than necessary
         | to promote his business. Besides, chasing the spotlight does
         | not imply honesty. Just look at SBF.
        
         | skinnymuch wrote:
         | SBF was in the spotlight. Possibly more than any other crypto
         | person. If applied to CZ, it means he is a fraud too. To think
         | his stuff is airtight makes no sense when there isn't
         | transparency.
        
       | TacticalCoder wrote:
       | Coming or actual. Chamath Palihapitiya just said that the current
       | SBF/FTX/Alameda fiasco goes much further than just one man and
       | FTX.
       | 
       | He says that several SV firms and VCs have been working on
       | several of the shitcoins in which SBF was a cofounder and pumped
       | and dumped or which SBF just pumped and dumped (already before
       | FTX even existed) without being involved in their creation.
       | 
       | SBF had its hands into a lot of things, including Solana and
       | Serum (SRM), which represented $2.2 bn in USD when FTX went down
       | (but which since crashed by 75% or something).
       | 
       | SBF owns 9% of RobinHood.
       | 
       | I'm not saying it, Chamath Palihapitiya is. Here's a recent talk
       | between him and Coinbase's CEO. Jump at 20 minutes when it starts
       | on crypto:
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/Id7cNqwqt1I
       | 
       | I do personally think Chamath Palihapitiya is right and we
       | connect the dot with the article from TFA, this does indeed go
       | much further than just SBF.
       | 
       | Another one just for the gigs I recently read (facts needs to be
       | checked): SBF's mom (lawyer and teacher at Stanford) ran a
       | fundraising political campaign rooting for Biden. A few days
       | after Biden announced he was running, SBF was apparently the
       | biggest donor. Will they hand that money back to people who were
       | scammed?
       | 
       | Speaking of parents who raised ethical kids... Elizabeth Holmes,
       | who defrauded investors, had as a parental example a father
       | working at... Enron apparently. Just a coincidence of course.
       | Daddy wasn't aware of anything. And he can be very proud of the
       | way he raised his daughter.
       | 
       | In french we say it's "un panier de crabes" (a pack of crabs).
       | 
       | Thanks to these guys' examples I know how to not raise my kid.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | What if we paid auditors by the fraud discovered. That auditors
       | finding fraud and other misdeeds get the highest seniority on any
       | assets left.
       | 
       | I mean, there has to be some answer to the problem of an auditor
       | that says "I don't like the way you treat this income stream" and
       | the CEO says "we will never work with you again and I will make
       | sure everyone I golf with never will again."
        
         | ipython wrote:
         | That's kind of how the SEC handles whistleblower compensation.
         | See https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2022-125
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | nostromo wrote:
       | I hope I don't regret saying this, but so far, this recession /
       | slowdown has been very needed and will help the US economy grow
       | in more sustainable ways going forward. And it's happened without
       | too much pain in the broader economy.
       | 
       | We way overdid Covid stimulus, which helped inflate bubbles like
       | you saw with crypto, pouring billions into the hands of criminal
       | organizations like FTX.
       | 
       | We had cheap money flowing for too long with near-zero interest
       | rates, propping up many zombie enterprises that shouldn't have
       | been propped up to begin with.
       | 
       | Salary growth is great, but we all have seen a proliferation of
       | bullshit jobs with ridiculous salaries in the past two years.
       | 
       | All of these trends have started to correct, and it'll be better
       | for the long term. I just hope nothing systemically important
       | breaks before we're through the worst of it.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | Recession is, in and of itself, the opposite of growth. That's
         | how it's defined.
         | 
         | You can make an anti-growth argument, possibly on carbon
         | emissions, but a recession cannot ever be good for growth.
        
         | dv_dt wrote:
         | I really don't have any belief that the faults in our economy
         | was due to easy money. Under scarce money or easy money the
         | same class of decision makers are still making poor allocation
         | choices. There are no fundamental changes associated with a
         | recession that would correct that imho.
        
           | cavisne wrote:
           | The past few years have been great for scammers though
           | 
           | https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/us-attorney-announces-
           | federal...
           | 
           | There is surely some GDP gain from not ploughing 250m of
           | taxpayers money into lambo's.
        
           | Silverback_VII wrote:
           | I'm not sure about that. I see the economy as a giant engine
           | made out of the flesh of millions of humans. The guy pushing
           | the accelerator or not must truly feel like God hearing the
           | roaring of this giant flesh engine and affecting the fate of
           | so many people.
        
         | nimbius wrote:
         | "and will help the US economy grow in more sustainable ways
         | going forward"
         | 
         | how? capitalisms defining hallmark is a ten year cycle of
         | boom/bust. the last solution in 2020 was a bailout and
         | forgiveness for virtually all commercial covid debts. prior to
         | that it was a massive bailout and payout checks to taxpayers
         | along with a scorched earth foreclosure wave. at some point the
         | argument comes across as an alcoholic that repeatedly crashes
         | cars and promises to learn and grow from it.
         | 
         | real wages are stagnant, homes are still unaffordable, rent is
         | skyrocketing, healthcare now routinely sells insulin for $200
         | and everything from energy to food is still rising. ive a tough
         | time believing corporate fraud is a silver lining.
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | In the US, all of the problems you mentioned (or analogous
           | issues) were solved during the New Deal era, which set the
           | stage for relative economic stability post-WWII. Most of the
           | laws / institutions from that time were eliminated in the
           | last 3-4 decades.
           | 
           | Anyway, the solutions are well understood. Any decent US
           | history textbook contains them.
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | People blame stimulus spending, but the reduction in real
         | economic output from COVID also has knock on effects.
         | 
         | Expensive condos etc derive most of their value as a symptom of
         | a much larger and extremely productive economic system which
         | got disrupted. Suddenly people start reevaluating basic
         | assumptions and markets adjust in ways more complex than a
         | simple boom bust cycle.
        
           | kjellsbells wrote:
           | (Archive link for parent article, for anyone who cant get
           | past the paywall: https://archive.ph/uk2L8)
           | 
           | I agree with you, and in particular I have a worry that
           | corporate real estate is a bloodbath whose extent is not yet
           | revealed. WFH has destroyed the need for knowledge workers to
           | cluster in a downtown office and all CFOs must be wondering
           | how they can get out of their leases as soon as they expire,
           | not only to save some costs but also to keep workers who like
           | WFH happy (played right between HR head, CEO, and CFO, it
           | could be touted as a benefit to employees that also saves the
           | company money)
           | 
           | SFO vacancy rates are about 15% right now (source:
           | https://www.nar.realtor/blogs/economists-outlook/metro-
           | offic...). NYC, 13%, double pre-COVID. See the link for the
           | data source.
           | 
           | There will be many ways to read this data and if I knew which
           | way the wind was blowing I'd obviously be out there making a
           | killing on CBRE instead of typing this post, but if this
           | trend stays, then cities will undergo huge shifts again. I
           | don't predict the death of the city (cities have gone from
           | being based on geographic confluence, to defensive
           | importance, to transport hubs, to industrial centers, to
           | mercantile centers, to confluences of knowledge workers, and
           | they will adapt again) but it's goijng to be a bumpy ride.
        
           | moistly wrote:
           | I do not believe our economy's output exceeds that of 2019,
           | pre-Covid. We still have supply chain issues up the wazoo. We
           | still have disease taking out employees en masse, and for
           | weeks at a time. Potential customers are generally in
           | worsening financial condition. I simply can not believe that
           | conditions are such, that the stock market should have a
           | higher valuation than it did in 2019.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | A dollar today is worth ~15% less than a dollar from 2019
             | so a stock that's nominally worth the same today would
             | actually have taken a significant hit. Which really should
             | be part of these comparisons.
        
         | ericmcer wrote:
         | The economic fallout is correctible, but fixing the loss of
         | faith in the foundation of our economy, that diligent work will
         | be rewarded with comfort and stability, will be harder.
        
           | sammalloy wrote:
           | > The economic fallout is correctible, but fixing the loss of
           | faith in the foundation of our economy, that diligent work
           | will be rewarded with comfort and stability, will be harder.
           | 
           | I think this is an archaic, pre-21st century mindset.
           | Advanced, industrial, technological societies should be able
           | to guarantee comfort and stability for all people regardless
           | of work. In the modern world, we should work because we love
           | or enjoy it, because we want to contribute to society, and
           | because it brings meaning to our lives and the lives of other
           | people. We should not work, on the other hand, to be
           | "rewarded" in a zero-sum game competing with others, to the
           | detriment of the rest of the planet. We really need to change
           | the way we think about this. The most productive workers
           | aren't people working for a reward, they are those who love
           | their work and are happy with the comfort and stability they
           | already have. It's 2022 going on 2023. The idea that we
           | should work based on scarcity rather than abundance is
           | completely out of date and no longer supported by the
           | evidence. This is the kind of have and have not mindset that
           | needs to disappear. Nobody should have to work to obtain
           | comfort and stability.
        
             | lossolo wrote:
             | For this you first need robotic + AI revolution, without
             | this it's impossible. You need to replace significant part
             | of the workforce with robots. Every human needs different
             | resources/products to live, these resources have
             | complicated supply chains in which you have a lot of people
             | that do not enjoy their work but needs resources to keep
             | their family afloat, that's why this products are available
             | on the market. How many ppl like doing working in coal
             | mines? How many like working in factories for 12 hours
             | doing the same thing over and over again?
             | 
             | I think what you wrote is a goal for our society but we
             | need minimum of many decades of technological advances to
             | even start really thinking about implementing this. We are
             | not there yet.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | There are a whole lot of 'should's' in there, without a
             | whole lot of reason WHY all the people involved would want
             | to do that, when they could do other things instead?
             | 
             | If everyone could work together effectively, and no one
             | would stab each other in the back, scam each other, lie to
             | look better, or just screw up, etc. then hey, maybe.
             | 
             | But then we would already be in a better place?
             | 
             | If you figure that people will occasionally do ALL of those
             | things if it benefits them (and sometimes when it doesn't),
             | then what you're describing is the most incredibly rich
             | target I can possibly imagine.
             | 
             | Cheers!
        
             | ip26 wrote:
             | Nobody digs a ditch or works in a meat packing plant for
             | the meaning it brings to their lives.
             | 
             | I'm not some consummate capitalist, but there is a
             | tremendous amount of necessary yet unrewarding work that
             | still has to be done by human hands, and I've never seen a
             | believable pitch for how that happens in these "post-work"
             | pitches.
        
             | PixyMisa wrote:
             | > Advanced, industrial, technological societies should be
             | able to guarantee comfort and stability for all people
             | regardless of work.
             | 
             | Advanced societies can and should guarantee food and
             | shelter to all people regardless of work.
             | 
             | They can't guarantee comfort and stability at all.
             | 
             | > The most productive workers aren't people working for a
             | reward
             | 
             | The most productive workers are the ones working under
             | crisis conditions. Not happiest. Most productive.
             | 
             | > Nobody should have to work to obtain comfort and
             | stability.
             | 
             | Should not? Maybe. They do anyway, because that's just
             | reality.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > We way overdid Covid stimulus, which helped inflate bubbles
         | like you saw with crypto, pouring billions into the hands of
         | criminal organizations like FTX.
         | 
         | Crypto was already a problem way before covid came out of a bat
         | cave - the problem is _not_ the stimulus package, these saved a
         | lot of lives, and they got to individual people, not
         | corporations.
         | 
         | The actual problem was the expansive monetary policy that
         | virtually all major central banks followed since the 2008ff
         | crisis - well over a decade of injecting absurd amounts of
         | money is what caused the absolute bull run on real estate,
         | stock markets, venture capital backed crap (remember Yo?) and,
         | finally, once there was no other avenue for all that money
         | left, into crypto.
        
         | chinabot wrote:
         | These Bullshit jobs really need to be called out more, everyone
         | in a company knows who they are and they just piss off the real
         | workers who see themselves (rightly) as hard done by especially
         | when they are in their management chain or paid substantially
         | more. Every good HR departments and CEO should earn their money
         | by culling these the moment they are recognized and sanctioning
         | the Manager approving them.
        
       | datalopers wrote:
       | I'm not sure if this is fraud, or simply how VCs operate, but
       | we're going to see a massive collapse of SaaS startups and their
       | customers in the near future. This is why:
       | 
       | 1) Tech valuations over the past ~5 years were based entirely on
       | annual revenue multiples. 25x was the norm, while 50-100x wasn't
       | hard to find.
       | 
       | 2) Let's say your VC firm owns 5% of CompanySaaS, which you paid
       | $1M for, and the company is valued at 25x ARR ($800k * 25).
       | 
       | 3) Now you invest $100k in CompanyWhatever. As their VC and
       | valued advisor, convince them they should spend $100k/yr
       | utilizing CompanySaaS's products.
       | 
       | 4) CompanySaaS is now worth $900k * 25 (probably higher multiple
       | since revenue is growing so fast), or $22.5M, and you just turned
       | $100k into $125k.
       | 
       | Rinse and repeat. It's a self-perpetuating bubble, and it's going
       | to come crashing down hard. It's already happened but they've
       | still got enough runway for another 6-24mos.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | hedora wrote:
         | This would only be a bubble / ponzi scheme if a significant
         | fraction of B2B customers were currently backed by VC money.
         | 
         | That isn't the case. Instead, these deals help bootstrap
         | companies. Late phase investors insist on seeing per-customer
         | revenue breakdowns specifically to avoid the issue you are
         | describing.
         | 
         | It is likely that startups that are becoming revenue-dependent
         | in 2022-2023 are in trouble though.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | A LOT of startup business comes from other businesses within
           | the same VCs portfolio.
        
             | keepquestioning wrote:
             | If this is true then it's eyeopening. I often wonder, who
             | _actually_ uses SaaS?
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Quite a few companies do, if the SaaS has value to them.
               | The challenge is, which SaaS companies have real value,
               | and which ones have been working hard to LOOK like they
               | have value?
               | 
               | In the wise words of Mr. Buffett - "It's only when the
               | tide goes out that you learn who has been swimming
               | naked."
               | 
               | Well, the tide is going out. Time to grab some popcorn!
        
         | jrm4 wrote:
         | _So_ not hard to see from a purely theoretical standpoint; free
         | /open source or similar is always around the corner to eat your
         | lunch.
         | 
         | Unless you can figure out "What, EXACTLY, is the thing that I
         | can charge them for -- meaning that they cannot get unless they
         | pay me for it," you're done. And that space is pretty small.
         | Not nonexistent, but small.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | That's not how it works. If you invest $100K in a company and
         | ask them to spend all of that $100K to buy products from
         | another one of your companies, they will laugh at your face.
        
           | datalopers wrote:
           | It's an oversimplified example to illustrate how revenue-
           | multiple valuations lead to perverse but rational investment
           | strategies.
        
             | paxys wrote:
             | If you plug in realistic numbers in that example you will
             | see that yes, while network effects from your VC's
             | portfolio is definitely a thing, it isn't some crazy scam
             | that is due to collapse.
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | I'd be curious how extensive this is. Presumably the entire
         | ecosystem can't be running on VC... however I'm not sure how
         | much of it is pure VC. Are SaaS firms on average going to see a
         | 10% decline in revenues or a 70% decline? Or a 1% decline?
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | Definitely not all the revenue/ecosystem, but I'd be
           | surprised if it wasn't at least 25%.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | metadat wrote:
       | https://archive.today/uk2L8
        
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