[HN Gopher] Kanaye Nagasawa: A samurai who changed California
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       Kanaye Nagasawa: A samurai who changed California
        
       Author : rntn
       Score  : 114 points
       Date   : 2022-11-14 15:17 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.com)
        
       | 1letterunixname wrote:
       | All along the hills following Blossom Hill Road in San Jose used
       | to be wineries. Very few remnants of these wineries exist because
       | they were replaced with single family homes when the value of the
       | land increased in the 1980's onward. Some of the larger homes on
       | the hills of San Jose / Los Gatos have a few scions.
        
         | Apocryphon wrote:
         | Wonder if there's any connection in the name of Sakamoto
         | Elementary.
        
           | shagie wrote:
           | I suspect its named for Paul Sakamoto, though I haven't found
           | anything to say one way or the other yet -
           | https://www.jamsj.org/manabu/paul-sakamoto
        
       | usui wrote:
       | > In 1942, Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which
       | ordered the forced removal of Japanese American "enemy aliens".
       | The Nagasawa heirs, who were still fighting the estate's seizure
       | in court, were incarcerated in internment camps. Like the
       | approximately 125,000 Japanese Americans imprisoned until after
       | the end of World War Two, they lost any chance of reclaiming the
       | property.
       | 
       | Absolutely disgusting that it took the United States 50 years
       | from 1942 to acknowledge injustices like this had occurred as
       | well as disburse the funds in an attempt to correct its mistakes.
       | It was $20,000 in the 1990s, yay whoopee... I have friends whose
       | families still, to this day, do not forgive the American
       | government for what it did. A good majority of
       | grandparents/parents were dead by then. Many returnees from the
       | camps systematically tried to erase any cultural heritage they
       | had by purposely hiding it and not passing it on to future
       | generations, as a result of their treatment. Because of that,
       | many Japanese perceive Japanese Americans from that time period
       | as cultureless. Btw, the 442nd Regiment, comprised of Japanese
       | Americans, received the most awards in U.S. history for military
       | service in WW2.
       | 
       | Then you take into account the loss of capital from Nagasawa
       | losing his vineyard, and it gets even worse.
        
         | femiagbabiaka wrote:
         | Not surprising. The US has not paid reparations to most of the
         | people it has wronged.
        
           | rayiner wrote:
           | Has anybody ever paid reparations to anybody? Inter-
           | Generational debt just isn't a thing.
        
             | sorokod wrote:
             | Yes
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reparations_Agreement_between
             | _...
        
             | zasdffaa wrote:
             | Assuming your reparations claim was correct, injustice
             | becomes ok if it happens often enough.
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | Who said that? Stuff can be "not okay" but also "not the
               | problem of anyone currently alive." We have a concept of
               | a statute of limitations in law, for example.
        
               | bilbo0s wrote:
               | Just being pedantic here, but there's not limitation on,
               | say, homicide.
               | 
               | Whether or not there is a statute of limitations is
               | generally dependent on the severity of the offense.
               | 
               | But again, just a nit-pick. To my mind, the mistake is in
               | paying any sort of reparations to anyone, ever. As a
               | nation state, unfortunately, some things you have to go
               | all in on. Not paying reparations is one of those things.
               | 
               | I am OK with forcing state and local governments to pay
               | out for egregious acts taken in explicit contravention of
               | Constitutional rights. But that's because as a nation
               | state we should _also_ go all in on defending the
               | constitutional rights of our citizens. I know that 's
               | talking out of both sides of my mouth, but the reality is
               | that nation states can incur far larger obligations than
               | state and local governments can. A nation state could end
               | up with an obligation that realistically simply can't be
               | paid.
        
               | jacobr1 wrote:
               | > Just being pedantic here, but there's not limitation
               | on, say, homicide.
               | 
               | There is though ... the lifetime of perpetrator.
        
               | rhino369 wrote:
               | >Just being pedantic here, but there's not limitation on,
               | say, homicide.
               | 
               | Right, but sons aren't held responsible for their
               | father's crimes. And while the Father's estate can be
               | liable for wrongful death, that is generally limited in
               | time. Certainly, you can't just go after all descendants
               | decades later.
               | 
               | It's not just a slippery slope, but fair compensation is
               | essentially impossible to determine. The average Japanese
               | America is far richer than the average American--
               | significantly so. Should you discount for that? Doesn't
               | seem fair to penalize them for being successful. But the
               | other hand, maybe that shows that the lasting harm wasn't
               | that bad.
               | 
               | A lot easier to just let the past be the past and to
               | police our actions going forward.
        
             | skyyler wrote:
             | This kind of stuff can easily be searched for. Here's a
             | low-mid quality article:
             | 
             | https://www.vox.com/2014/5/23/5741352/six-times-victims-
             | have...
        
               | akavi wrote:
               | All but the last of those examples only paid out to the
               | living survivors of the atrocity, and the last only
               | earmarked 5% for descendants.
               | 
               | So it does seem that _inter-generational_ reparations are
               | indeed very rare.
        
               | skyyler wrote:
               | >$10 million out of court settlement with the victims and
               | their families
               | 
               | >$2.4 million today would be set aside to compensate the
               | 11 or so remaining survivors of the incident, $800,000 to
               | compensate those who were forced to flee the town, and
               | $160,000 would go to college scholarships primarily aimed
               | at descendants.
               | 
               | Inter-generational reparations exist explicitly in two of
               | the six examples in that article.
               | 
               | Japanese interns that didn't collect their payment from
               | the US left it up to their heirs to collect it, so I'll
               | even add that as a technicality of inter-generational
               | reparations.
               | 
               | Also I'm rather sure Israel is still getting payments for
               | what happened in the 1940s... But I could be wrong there.
               | 
               | Inter-generational reparations are indeed rare if you
               | don't look very hard for examples of it happening.
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | Now compare that to all the instances where people
               | committed atrocities against other people. It seems like
               | you're talking about something vanishingly rare.
        
               | jacobr1 wrote:
               | War reparations from the conquered/losing side appear in
               | history now and then.
        
           | rgrieselhuber wrote:
           | Amazing what sort of atrocities people will commit when fear
           | and emergencies are invoked.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | You don't have to invoke all of that to commit atrocities,
             | just appeals to convenience work well enough to convince
             | someone to forsake the rights of another person. Settlement
             | of this country should have never happened, this is all
             | stolen indigenous land whose conquest was legally justified
             | by the handwaving of a patriarch of a religion hundreds of
             | years ago. White settlers at the time saw native peoples as
             | a pest much like a coyote is a pest to livestock, and much
             | like coyotes they were allowed to kill off these people
             | pretty matter of factly without recourse. There was no fear
             | or emergency justifying that action, only that the white
             | person would like to make profit grazing their cattle in
             | the buffalo country on land that was offered to them by
             | their government for next to nothing.
        
               | rgrieselhuber wrote:
               | That's true. We did see that in recent years with people
               | even such as Noam Chomsky arguing for ostracizing
               | undesirables and withholding food from them.
        
         | badrabbit wrote:
         | At the risk of being overly controversial, what would have been
         | a better option given the times. Lynching black people was not
         | uncommon back then for context of how minorities were treated.
         | Of course taking away someomes property when they have done no
         | wrong is wrong. Or the internment camps. They did bad things
         | because it was war.
         | 
         | Do you remember how muslim americans were treated and attacked
         | after 9\11? The animosity of the majority of americans towards
         | them? The point I am making is even now this is how people
         | react but back then modern concepts of human rights and justice
         | were not prevalent.
         | 
         | The war effort then was not like any war effort afterwards. It
         | requires mobilizing the civilian society "lose lips sink ships"
         | for example was a big motto because a lot of people see stuff
         | and if they repeat it, it can make it to the enemy. Combine
         | that with the fact that the japanese emperror was regarded as a
         | god by the japanese, you can see how much paranoia war time
         | president and generals would have about anyone japanese
         | related.
         | 
         | I am not saying what they did was in any way justified but
         | rather if I was in their shoes I would also be susceptible to
         | committing such atrocities. Really, what I am trying to say is
         | how easy it is to do what america did to the Japanese americans
         | then and how we should not be so quick to pass judgement. Their
         | motivation was fear and paranoia in the time of war not hatred
         | like with Germany's camps.
         | 
         | Judging people of the past is easy but learning from history is
         | hard. The lesson I learned from this is you have to be strong
         | (whatever that means) and resist attempts by the government to
         | do these things in the future as well as educate people on
         | history like this.
         | 
         | It may not happen to japanese people but it can happen again.
         | If there is war with China and they start sabotaging, extorting
         | and bombing americans are you sure chinese americans won't be
         | mistreated again? All it takes is 51% of people to agree in a
         | time of war (fear of death and cruelty).
        
           | giraffe_lady wrote:
           | I have to point out that these actions were condemned
           | contemporaneously as well. Even in their own time, by others
           | living through those times, this was considered an atrocity.
           | Standards of socially acceptable harm to minorities may have
           | been different then, but we also know that this was easily
           | recognized as unjust at the time, by the fact that so many
           | people at the time _did_ condemn it as unjust.
        
         | Cyberdog wrote:
         | To this day I am dumbfounded that Roosevelt is still as revered
         | as he is. He had other problems like poor economic policy that
         | probably prolonged the Great Depression, but you don't even
         | need to look at any of that - the dude implemented an executive
         | order which put American citizens into effective prisons with
         | no due process, based only on their ethnicity. Trump, who I'm
         | told is a racist and a fascist and so forth, never even tried
         | to do anything close to that.
         | 
         | You want to start toppling statues and changing street names of
         | dead white guys? Start with that one. What a creep.
        
           | photochemsyn wrote:
           | The main architect of the Japanese internment camps (out in
           | Owen Valley California) was John J McCloy:
           | 
           | https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/04/us/ex-aide-calls-
           | japanese...
           | 
           | > "Mr. McCloy, one of the key Government officials who
           | oversaw the relocation program, said he might again support
           | the wartime resettlement of United States citizens because of
           | their national heritage. The 87-year-old retired diplomat
           | testified before the Commission on Wartime Relocation and
           | Internment of Civilians, which was charted by Congress last
           | year to determine whether the 120,000 Japanese-Americans who
           | were uprooted from their homes on the West Coast and
           | relocated in camps in the East and Middle West in 1942 were
           | entitled to compensation."
           | 
           | McCloy has an interestingly creepy history - head of the
           | World Bank post WWII (1947-1949), High Commissioner of
           | Occupied Germany (1949-1952) (where he released a lot of Nazi
           | industrialists from prison, claiming they were just good
           | anti-communists), Chair of the Council on Foreign Relations
           | (1954-1969), member of the Warren Commission, which buried
           | any real investigation into the Kennedy Assassination in
           | 1963), Board Member of the Ford Foundation (which served in
           | part as cover for CIA activities) then back to a Rockefeller-
           | linked law firm for the rest of his career.
           | 
           | Most historical accounts show him pressing hard for
           | internment, and FDR basically went along, not willing to
           | fight about it. He defended the program up to his dying day:
           | 
           | > "''I don't like the word 'incarcerated,' '' Mr. McCloy
           | replied. ''Well, all right, behind barbed wire fences,'' Mr.
           | Marutani snapped. Mr. McCloy cautioned the commission, which
           | is to report the findings of its inquiry to Congress next
           | year, not to advocate policies that might someday prevent the
           | forcible relocation of other American citizens because of
           | ethnic background."
        
           | labster wrote:
           | Instead of starting with FDR, why not first cancel the US
           | Presidents who literally owned slaves or who literally
           | engaged in genocide against the natives? Just a thought.
           | 
           | I mean, imprisoning people for just minding their own
           | business, based mainly on skin color, is something that every
           | president has done since the laws against marijuana were
           | passed. Not sure why you'd single out FDR.
        
             | ehaliewicz2 wrote:
             | Probably because FDR is very relevant to the article.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | runjake wrote:
           | > Trump, who I'm told is a racist and a fascist and so forth,
           | never even tried to do anything close to that.
           | 
           | Central Americans might disagree with you.
           | 
           | https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/immigration-
           | kids-t...
        
           | WillPostForFood wrote:
           | Also, Korematsu v. United States, one of the all time worst
           | Supreme Court decisions, maybe only second to Dred Scott.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korematsu_v._United_States
        
           | retrac wrote:
           | The war. He won the war, or is perceived to have. Simple as
           | that. Churchill gets the same treatment in the UK despite, in
           | my view, being far worse than FDR, both as a man, and in
           | government policy. De Gaulle got it as well, practically
           | apotheosized while still alive. Stalin too; in Russia he is
           | still ranked as one of their greatest leaders. It would seem
           | that being in power while prevailing in a total war
           | translates automatically into sainthood.
        
         | ch4s3 wrote:
         | Yeah, FDR's government really liked taking land from people.
         | The TVA basically tossed black farmers out on their asses[1].
         | The Housing Act of 1937 was used to clear out "slums"[2] and
         | required new housing be provided, but it was largely used to
         | suppress and disperse immigrants and African Americans. The New
         | Deal was pretty terrible if you were black and owned anything,
         | not to mention the intentional setting of minimum wages to a
         | level that would ensure black unemployment[3].
         | 
         | [1]https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/a9ef5262e76846dfa1074cb
         | ...
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_Act_of_1937
         | 
         | [3] https://www.businessinsider.com/the-racist-history-of-
         | minimu...
        
           | photochemsyn wrote:
           | From your sources:
           | 
           | > "While the Housing Act of 1937 looked to solve American
           | housing issues, it became marred by inequalities and
           | problems. The main problem that rose from the legislation was
           | the power given to the local governments. The Federal
           | government let the local governments and voters decided on
           | where and how to use the federal funding. This lead to local
           | governments maintaining segregationist housing policies as
           | well as allowing many public housing locations to become
           | neglected."
        
             | ch4s3 wrote:
             | Yes, I'm vary familiar with the history. The law was
             | written and implemented poorly. It didn't have any
             | enforcement mechanism for reimbursing or resettling
             | residents of cleared slums. It was apparent immediately
             | that it was going to funnel federal funds to segregation.
        
           | fakedang wrote:
           | You also forgot the seizure of gold and the forced sale at
           | below market rates. And the mandate that prevented Americans
           | from owning bullion.
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102
        
             | ch4s3 wrote:
             | I mean, I wasn't trying to write a term paper.
        
       | zackmorris wrote:
       | Mentioned by the article:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendentalism
       | 
       | This notion of freedom resonates with me the most. I want to live
       | in a society where basic needs are met through automation, so
       | that people can spend the majority of their time following their
       | calling and finding meaning. Less than 2 hours per day should be
       | spent working towards survival, or else our tech offers little
       | benefit over living in a hunter-gatherer society.
       | 
       | Concretely, that would look like:
       | 
       | * Robots pay taxes - not people, to be used for UBI
       | 
       | * No taxes on necessary commodities like food, high taxes on
       | luxuries
       | 
       | * Taxes on unearned income would always be higher than on earned
       | income
       | 
       | * Labor performed on process not application, so maintaining the
       | things that make the things
       | 
       | * Profit on another's labor would either be considered
       | inappropriate or taxed highly: at or near 100%
       | 
       | * Unsustainability would be suspect, as it runs counter to the
       | cultural goal of providing for all people forever
       | 
       | * Injustices which impose burdens on people doing the most
       | spiritually significant work would be targeted first: no penalty
       | for being a parent, teacher, nurse or other caregiver
       | 
       | There's probably a lot more to be said about this. I feel that
       | the powers that be seem to be doing everything they can to
       | prevent progress in this direction. Specifically, the wealthy and
       | powerful seem to be doing nothing to help makers and inventors,
       | they just hoard the money and put it towards whatever satisfies
       | their ego.
       | 
       | So we all work longer and longer hours to build bigger houses and
       | buy more expensive vehicles to create profit for billionaires. We
       | don't invest in trusts that would pay the living expenses of
       | self-sufficient communities of tiny homes with hydroponic gardens
       | and solar panels and such.
        
         | Cyberdog wrote:
         | Not sure what this has to do with the article. Did you post
         | this comment on the wrong page or something?
        
           | dmacedo wrote:
           | The article mentions "Transcendentalism", the above comment's
           | author seems to have researched, and offered their opinion on
           | the matter. Seems like an appropriate comment, and a
           | worthwhile discussion of what the transcendental ethos imply,
           | coupled with what drives the behaviours that are antithetical
           | to those goals, which leads to the historical moments the
           | article refers to.
        
           | donclark wrote:
           | Maybe he is additionally commenting on where our government
           | is lacking today, and what he envisions us to be experiencing
           | currently - if our GOV really were trying to improve things.
           | 
           | I am glad that he did comment - and have copied it to dive
           | further into those thoughts.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | I think an issue with this expectation is the assumption that
         | our current set of technology was made for its utility alone.
         | The reality is that most of the innovations of the 20th and
         | 21st century only came about if they had a strong profit angle
         | or lopsided military advantage to go along with them. As such,
         | it's hard to actually do what you propose when everything we
         | have is only stuff that was good enough to make a profit at one
         | time. It's not like a bow and arrow or the wheel, fundamental
         | tools that were built for their own merit, not because the
         | bowstring company had a patent and legally set the standard for
         | what sort of arrow is to be sold in stores or anything like
         | that.
         | 
         | So then we have to take a step back and ask what is actually
         | innovative about our global culture's technology today? Is the
         | 4k TV really that innovative? IMO not really, you are using
         | more energy now to watch the same movies and TV you might have
         | been watching a decade ago. It's not like the bow and arrow,
         | imparting a novel function that didn't exist before. Its just
         | an iteration on existing ideas, just slightly different enough
         | to market on that difference and convince people to sell thing
         | x that does y for thing z that does y. Even when we do work
         | hard to further the capabilities of these innovations, e.g.
         | computers being so much more powerful than they were 15 years
         | ago, are we really reaping that fruit? Or is everyone still
         | using microsoft word, email, and light web browsing like they
         | were doing 25 years ago with hardware that's at least an order
         | of magnitude less powerful?
         | 
         | Real innovation is scarce imo, since we don't invest in
         | innovation, we invest in profit and innovation comes as a side
         | effect, if it comes at all.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | LED TVs use far, far less power than the old CRT TVs. The old
           | TVs would warm up a room, LEDs, not.
        
         | ericmcer wrote:
         | "If" we were able to pull this off, which right now is a total
         | pipe-dream, what do you picture the average person doing in
         | this world? Would you implement harsh restrictions around what
         | you can do if you are dependent on the system?
         | 
         | Can someone have 20 kids and not raise them because it isn't
         | part of their calling? Would people from other societies be
         | allowed to immigrate in or would it be closed to all migrants?
         | 
         | I don't think it is some orchestrated scam from a power mad
         | global elite that is fighting against your utopian worldview. I
         | don't think it is feasible, barring some kind of sci-fi AI that
         | manages everything for us.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | Nobody makes you live in a bigger house or buy an expensive
         | vehicle.
         | 
         | I bought my truck used 30 years ago, and used it daily up until
         | last year when it finally expired. It cost me very little
         | money.
         | 
         | > they just hoard the money and put it towards whatever
         | satisfies their ego.
         | 
         | Your sentence contradicts itself.
         | 
         | BTW, some years ago a luxury tax was placed on yacht building,
         | based on the notion that millionaires were jerks for spending
         | their money on yachts. Then the local economy of one of the
         | yacht building companies collapsed, because the millionaires
         | went elsewhere to spend money building their yachts.
         | 
         | So the tax was rescinded.
        
       | Apocryphon wrote:
        
         | yamazakiwi wrote:
        
         | Namari wrote:
        
           | eff_nogs wrote:
        
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