[HN Gopher] FTX's balance sheet was bad
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       FTX's balance sheet was bad
        
       Author : latchkey
       Score  : 362 points
       Date   : 2022-11-14 18:12 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bloomberg.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bloomberg.com)
        
       | tppiotrowski wrote:
       | > And another big asset is $616 million worth of the MAPS token
       | ($865 million "before last week"). MAPS is the token of Maps.me
       | 2.0, a sort of Serum spinoff that was also launched by FTX;
       | 
       | I remember when maps.me added crypto and many users fled to
       | Organic Maps. I didn't know that FTX was behind it.
        
         | sjkoelle wrote:
         | ga did they add crypto? maps.me was an amazing product in 2018
         | but seems to have gone south.
        
       | gadders wrote:
       | >> a negative $8bn entry described as "hidden, poorly internally
       | labled 'fiat@' account".
       | 
       | Anyone else old enough to remember Nick Leeson and Error Account
       | 88888?
       | 
       | https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/how-account-8888...
        
         | mongol wrote:
         | I am old enough but I don't remember, being ignorant of it.
        
       | legitster wrote:
       | I often joke that crypto has been run by gold bugs who were
       | forced to "smoke the whole pack" on fiat currencies. So a lot of
       | crypto is a nihilistic homage to federal reserve systems.
       | 
       | In that way, "DeFi" feels the same about the finance industry.
       | 
       | It was no secret that SBF _hated_ traditional finance. And so I
       | assume he refused to learn anything from it. But what he ended up
       | creating was almost a hilarious parody of the financial system.
       | 
       | That's at least how I can square the circle about how someone who
       | could criticize Lehman Brothers for letting themselves get
       | overleveraged on shady asset classes could literally have
       | negative 8 billion dollars in "Hidden, poorly internally labeled
       | 'fiat@' account" and then publicly go to Twitter to say they have
       | a "liquidity problem".
        
         | kuwoze wrote:
         | let me square it for you:
         | 
         | he is a fraud
        
         | zeroclip wrote:
         | > In that way, "DeFi" feels the same about the finance
         | industry.
         | 
         | How? DeFi protocols are behaving predictably and not pausing
         | user withdrawals or hiding billion dollar black holes in their
         | balances.
        
           | this_user wrote:
           | Yeah, the predictably get exploited, and lose everyone's
           | money.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jmull wrote:
         | > It was no secret that SBF hated traditional finance.
         | 
         | To point out: that's part of the narrative SBF was selling. I
         | wouldn't take it literally. There's a certain kind of person
         | who can/will say anything, and seem sincere, just to get you to
         | part with your money.
        
         | elevenoh wrote:
        
         | jmyeet wrote:
         | > I often joke that crypto has been run by gold bugs
         | 
         | You're not wrong. Crypto is the natural evolution of the gold
         | bug.
         | 
         | Gold bugs funamentally don't understand the finance system. The
         | gold standard was never about fully backing your currency with
         | a global commodity (fun fact: the US dollar was never 100%
         | backed by gold reserves). A gold standard is actually just a
         | peg, a promise by the government to exchange dollars for gold
         | (and vice versa) at a fixed rate. And you don't technically
         | need _any_ gold for that.
         | 
         | Yet gold bugs harp on about gold reserves and that's the least
         | important part of the gold standard. Either way you have a
         | trust issue. FDR famously performed a sovereign debt
         | devaluation, for example.
         | 
         | Likewise, my experience with crypto people is they too
         | (generally, not always) don't understand why the TradFi system
         | is the way it is. Worse, they seem to use wilful ignorance of
         | that as a badge of honor (while muttering something about
         | "disruption").
         | 
         | So gold bugs who (rationally or irrationally) hate TradFi find
         | a natural home with similarly minded Crypto Andys.
        
           | kipchak wrote:
           | >the US dollar was never 100% backed by gold reserves
           | 
           | The dollar was created by the coinage act in 1792, with
           | dollars being made of the equivalent amount of silver or
           | gold. To me this seems like practically same thing as being
           | 100% backed by gold reserves.
           | 
           | If we're talking about paper dollars or originally "Demand
           | Notes" from 1861 onward that would be the case as they were
           | put in place because the government was broke trying to fund
           | the Civil War,[1] and had to issue currency on credit[2]
           | (about $1.5b additional in todays dollars, for comparison
           | there's about $51b total in 2021).
           | 
           | >A gold standard is actually just a peg, a promise by the
           | government to exchange dollars for gold (and vice versa) at a
           | fixed rate. And you don't technically need any gold for that.
           | 
           | Wouldn't you need enough reserves to allow anyone who
           | attempted to exchange their dollars for gold to do so?
           | Fractional banking and bank runs seem like a rough analog.
           | 
           | [1]https://www.mycreditunion.gov/financial-resources/history-
           | un...
           | 
           | [2]https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/d/Dema
           | nd...
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | Regarding gold/silver backing - yes, _if_ they let you
             | actually do that redemption or exchange. Something that has
             | historically been suspended or banned multiple times.
             | Including by FDR in 1933, and Nixon when the US exited the
             | gold standard entirely.
             | 
             | [https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/fdr-takes-
             | united...]
             | 
             | Like Tether, if you can't actually redeem it for what it's
             | nominally backed by, is it really backed by it?
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | excite1997 wrote:
           | I think you're debating a strawman, though. Sure, there are
           | delusional / ignorant goldbugs who make stupid arguments, but
           | you can find that in pretty much any domain. There are also
           | reasonable people, including heterodox economists, who
           | understand the history of currencies and monetary systems,
           | and still advocate for a return to pegged currencies or for
           | precious metals as a part of a diversified portfolio. You
           | don't have to agree with them, but ad hominems are probably
           | unnecessary.
           | 
           | I mean, it's not even that fringe is you consider that
           | Central Banks sure hoard a lot of gold specifically because
           | they see it as useful in certain (bad) economic scenarios.
        
           | notch656a wrote:
           | Most gold bugs I've interacted with are more interested in
           | replicating commodity money (i.e. gold coins for trade) than
           | gold standard (i.e. dollars backed by gold).
           | 
           | Gold standard is dumb for reasons you say. Commodity money is
           | by design supposed to be 100% backed, as the gold is actually
           | inside the money and the face value is the weight gold inside
           | it.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | FYI, Historically, it has been _really_ common to debase
             | currency by diluting or reducing the precious metal content
             | of coins.
             | 
             | [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_coin_debasement
             | ]
        
               | notch656a wrote:
               | Valid, although once the gold is in my hands it's kind of
               | hard to debase it. Of course the weakness is that it may
               | be impractical to check it is debased every time you
               | receive it (although it is practical for large
               | transactions).
               | 
               | Each money has its own weakness. One of the big
               | weaknesses with fiat and gold-backed money is that it can
               | be debased even while it is in your personal possession.
        
             | rsj_hn wrote:
             | There is a reason why there has never existed a society in
             | which the majority of transactions were done by people
             | exchanging gold or silver coins kept in little leather
             | pouches. It's just too impractical.
             | 
             | - problems with availability - in most traditional
             | societies, there just weren't enough coins to meet
             | transaction demand, and so people transacted based on
             | credit or other informal ledgers.
             | 
             | - problems with theft
             | 
             | - problems with weight
             | 
             | - problems with people shaving some of the metal off
             | 
             | - problems with counterfeits -- not actually easy to test
             | the percentage of gold in your coin
             | 
             | - problems with credit markets. Credit markets need to move
             | money around quickly and efficiently, and be able to raise
             | large sums. That's not compatible with socks filled with
             | gold buried under your rose bush. The money needs to be
             | available in the credit markets so it can be efficiently
             | deployed, moved around, etc.
             | 
             | So from the beginning, gold was used for specialized
             | purposes -- e.g. to settle international trade or large
             | payments, rather than as a primary means of payment.
             | 
             | There is no way to get around this. The moment you
             | introduce gold, merchants will start borrowing gold by
             | selling Bills of Exchange -- effectively promises to pay
             | gold. These bills of exchange will be more valuable if they
             | are bearer instruments, and so the merchant will make them
             | bearer instruments (to allow raising more money). Then you
             | get a market in which people are buying and selling bills
             | of exchange at a discount. Now you have a discount rate and
             | a money market, and all you are missing is a financial
             | crisis in which a large bank steps to staff their discount
             | window when the smaller traders are forced to close their
             | own. All of a sudden, you are back to credit-based money,
             | as the Bills of Exchange are themselves used to settle more
             | trade than the gold coins. It's just a lot easier to carry
             | a piece of paper that says "X promises to pay 1000 gold
             | coins next year" then it is to actually lug 1000 gold coins
             | around.
             | 
             | The ease of convenience, the needs of merchants to tap
             | capital markets, will ultimately subvert whatever metallic
             | standard you come up with. Then, financial crises will drag
             | in the government to start regulating and centralizing the
             | capital markets.
        
               | jmyeet wrote:
               | What you describe has a lot of merit but it also explains
               | the move from silver currency to gold. Gold has a lot of
               | interesting properties from the point of view of coinage
               | and an instrument of value:
               | 
               | 1. Up until the fairly recently (ie the last century) it
               | was the densest element anyone could get in quantity.
               | This was not true for silver so silver currency could
               | (and was) debased (like you say). This was more difficult
               | with gold as doing so would lower the density;
               | 
               | 2. Gold has a relatively uncommon appearance. There are
               | very few substances that could imitate its look. Iron
               | pyrite (aka "fool's gold") is the common one but it's not
               | as dense and is harder. It's also why people would bite
               | into gold coins to verify it;
               | 
               | 3. Shaving or cutting coins was actually more of a
               | feature than a bug. Consider "pieces of eight" [1].
               | 
               | Previous metals as a basis for coinage were more
               | important than perhaps you're giving it credit for.
               | Ultimately what happened was that the coins themselves
               | because a store of value and the metal content became
               | less important as counterfeiting coins wasn't typically
               | trivial. This of course was what ultimately led to paper
               | money.
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.kingmanyachtcenter.com/sea-history-what-
               | is-a-pie...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | notch656a wrote:
               | I've never stated commodity money should replace all
               | other form of exchange. In fact per above, you list a
               | system where both credit and commodity money exist in
               | parallel with one another.
               | 
               | >It's just a lot easier to carry a piece of paper that
               | says "X promises to pay 1000 gold coins next year" then
               | it is to actually lug 1000 gold coins around.
               | 
               | Not sure if you've ever carried around a gold coin, or
               | ~$1800 (the value of 1 oz gold coin). But the amount of
               | space it would take up, within factor of 2.
               | 
               | ~1.8 cubic inches for the gold and 1.2 cubic inches for
               | the bills. So maybe 50% worse space wise for the gold,
               | but in any case not enough to make carrying gold much
               | more burdensome than cash. Sadly you can no longer obtain
               | large (~$1000) bills as they have been eliminated pretty
               | much worldwide.
        
         | sergiotapia wrote:
        
         | olalonde wrote:
         | > It was no secret that SBF hated traditional finance.
         | 
         | Uh? The guy worked in traditional finance for a few years and
         | was pushing for more regulations on cryptocurrency. His parents
         | were compliance lawyers. He donated tons of money to the
         | democratic party to push for regulations. He ran a centralized
         | exchange. This does not exactly scream DeFi... He was just an
         | opportunist who saw crypto as a means to get rich quick and
         | apparently, getting rich from trading fees was not quick enough
         | for him.
         | 
         | There are a lot of "gold bugs" types in crypto but they mostly
         | self-custody BTC and stay away from shitcoins and day trading.
        
         | chc4 wrote:
         | SBF (and like half the people at Alameda) worked at Jane Street
         | or other big name financial firms. They weren't ignorant of
         | traditional finance.
        
           | billsnow wrote:
           | He was there for only three years, and at least ignorant
           | about the finer points.
        
             | psychlops wrote:
             | His point, I believe, it that it's traditional finance
             | using crypto to do their usual thing. Pump and dump.
        
               | billsnow wrote:
               | That's not what traditional finance does...
        
               | psychlops wrote:
               | Where do you suppose the term comes from?
        
               | billsnow wrote:
               | Ok fine that's not what jane street does.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | psychlops wrote:
               | Fair enough, I know very little about Jane Street other
               | than where they are located and that I'd never qualify to
               | work there.
        
               | ericd wrote:
               | (They're not located on Jane St)
        
           | jsemrau wrote:
           | Being an entry level staffer is not the same as running a
           | n-Billion dollar business. The higher you rise, the more
           | important the role of governance, compliance, and risk
           | management becomes. If you shortcut this you will miss an
           | important part of "job experience"
        
           | jjtheblunt wrote:
           | do you mean they were knowingly manipulative of those who
           | actually were ignorant of traditional finance, as a business
           | plan of sorts?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _worked at Jane Street or other big name financial firms.
           | They weren 't ignorant of traditional finance_
           | 
           | I was an options market maker. That taught me a lot about
           | options but little about finance. The latter comes from
           | curiosity and initiative, up to and including reading history
           | books. Given SBF was post book or whatever, the ignorance
           | isn't surprising.
        
           | MrMan wrote:
           | prop trading firm and a sell side firm or an exchange are not
           | structured the same way. its like calling zebra and deer and
           | giraffes the same animal.
        
           | saberdancer wrote:
           | Did you read comments Caroline made on her blog/tumblr?
           | 
           | Not sure of the timeline but she was asking why not double
           | down on a 50/50 bet every time (if you lose) - you can earn
           | "infinite" money but lose only your bet.
           | 
           | I am not sure working somewhere means you are an expert in
           | it. It's incredible these people managed to create a company
           | size of FTX.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >Not sure of the timeline but she was asking why not double
             | down on a 50/50 bet every time (if you lose) - you can earn
             | "infinite" money but lose only your bet.
             | 
             | I'm pretty sure you're referring to this tweet
             | 
             | https://twitter.com/0xHonky/status/1591630071915483136
             | 
             | In which case she wasn't the person asking the question.
             | Somebody else was asking it, and she was unequivocally
             | saying that it wouldn't work.
        
             | jonasdegendt wrote:
             | Rookie mistake! The trick is to double your betting amount
             | every time you lose the 50/50, until you win, and then
             | return back to your regular bet. That's how you turn a
             | profit. (/s)
        
               | throwaway777845 wrote:
        
             | jsemrau wrote:
             | > read comments Caroline made on her blog/tumblr? Isn't
             | that the Martingale strategy?
             | 
             | > It's incredible these people managed to create a company
             | size of FTX.
             | 
             | Didn't they got hundreds of millions in play money from
             | their network (school friends). This worked while
             | everything was going up and new cash was coming in.
        
               | DebtDeflation wrote:
               | >This worked while everything was going up
               | 
               | "Never confuse being long in a bull market with genius."
               | 
               | --John Bogle
        
           | spamizbad wrote:
           | Makes me wonder what's going on at Jane Street. How sure are
           | we they're above board?
        
             | typon wrote:
             | This is what I have been thinking. This whole thing has
             | soured in my mind: Jane Street, Effective Altruism. Crypto,
             | VCs, Silicon Valley culture in general I already assumed
             | are scummy.
        
               | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
               | You got it. That is the correct line to follow. Sequoia
               | in particular must be heavily investigated.
        
               | neilparikh wrote:
               | > Effective Altruism
               | 
               | The practical version of Effective Altruism for most
               | people is essentially "if you're well off, you should
               | donate a chunk of your income to buying anti-malaria bed
               | nets/deworming medicine/direct cash transfers for the
               | global poor". I don't see how that could "sour" in your
               | mind, seems like a fairly unreservedly good thing.
               | 
               | I want to point out that there are real people [1] being
               | helped by Effective Altruism right now. Telling them
               | "sorry, can't help you any more, some rich asshole in the
               | US just committed a scam, and he claimed he wanted to
               | help you too" just seems incredibly petty and cruel to
               | me.
               | 
               | [1] - This is also a group that traditionally doesn't
               | receive much attention either.
        
             | tweestuff wrote:
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | Maybe you should spend a moment researching rather than
             | using some nebulous transitive property of "if they hired
             | this person, they must also be a scam."
             | 
             | Jane St is a prop trading firm - the only money they have
             | to lose is their own.
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | One of the biggest financial frauds of this century has
               | just been perpetrated by two young people that used to
               | work for them, the questioning related to "how did Jane
               | Street hire these people" is perfectly logical.
        
               | hahaxdxd123 wrote:
               | Well the interview process is more or less "are you good
               | at probability puzzles and games somewhat related to
               | trading."
               | 
               | A plausible story to me is that they were good at
               | whatever they screen for in the interview and then at
               | Jane Street they made a bunch of money. Then they
               | attributed too much of that to themselves and not enough
               | to whatever institutional processes and risk frameworks
               | they benefited from. They bring themselves but not those
               | processes to their own trading firm, and then boom!
        
               | MrMan wrote:
               | I worked on quant buy side for a long time and you dont
               | just automatically come out of these places knowing one
               | secret to making money trading. equally smart on paper
               | people might be working on message passing, risk
               | management, data analysis, special projects, also
               | trading, simulator, database, and might spend 5 years in-
               | house and not come away from the experience with
               | knowledge which by itself represented major alpha.
               | 
               | for me just knowing how to setup a quant trading firm,
               | how to choose prime brokers, how to find and select
               | vendors, leased lines, how to setup paper work, cap intro
               | relationships, exchange memberships, FIX certs, are of
               | equal value as alpha tricks, and really I dont even see a
               | lot of evidence that the Almeda / FTX people were
               | particularly well-seasoned in any respect.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | biggoodwolf wrote:
               | The founder of EA got SBF in. That's another can of worms
               | but that guy apparently changed his last name from Crouch
               | to McAuskil or whatever...
        
               | telotortium wrote:
               | How would Will MacAskill have enough sway to get SBF in
               | Jane Street? Also, why would that matter? I have
               | absolutely no reason to believe SBF couldn't pass their
               | interviews.
        
               | tedunangst wrote:
               | Did they work in the risk management back office at JS?
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | The Societe Generale guy that managed to lose 5 billion
               | euros for the bank through "breach of trust and forgery"
               | (to quote wikipedia [1]) didn't work in the risk
               | management department. I don't think that was any
               | consolation for the bank's stakeholders.
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Kerviel
        
               | tedunangst wrote:
               | Actually he had worked in compliance, and then they moved
               | him to front office. Extremely dangerous. Not
               | recommended.
               | 
               | But the point is you can't infer anything about Jane
               | Street risk controls from people who didn't have that
               | role.
        
               | typon wrote:
               | It's not about losing other people's money only. What I'm
               | worried about is: are extremely over-leveraged and able
               | to get the returns they have by doing tax and regulatory
               | dodges that their competitors aren't participating in?
               | Did SBF learn how to operate in the financial world from
               | seeing how Jane Street operates?
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | They are a high frequency market maker. They are not a
               | hedge fund.
               | 
               | They make money from the pennies in the spread, many many
               | many times over. They are not making over-leveraged big
               | bets.
               | 
               | I encourage you to talk to anyone who works in market-
               | making finance.
        
               | ralph84 wrote:
               | Being a market maker doesn't exempt a firm from blowing
               | itself up. See Knight Capital.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Knight Capital was traded (so taking other people's
               | money).
               | 
               | Let's also try not to conflate "blowing up" with actual
               | fraud. Traders are free to lose all of their own money,
               | and doing so is not fraud
        
               | ralph84 wrote:
               | Knight was the largest market maker on NASDAQ and NYSE at
               | the time they blew up so if you're going to use "they're
               | just a market maker" as a defense for JS you can't
               | dismiss Knight as "oh, not THAT kind of market maker."
               | And Knight was known for plenty of shady activity like
               | front running and spoofing.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Knight did not blow up due to fraud, so they were not
               | "below board." Losing money is not against the law.
               | 
               | Furthermore, Jane St _only trades their own capital_ -
               | ie. not capital deposited by customers in an exchange and
               | not capital provided by selling ownership stakes of
               | itself on a public market. This is a clear distinction
               | from Knight.
               | 
               | It's as if some guy just had a bunch of money, traded it
               | and made some more money, hired a bunch of people to keep
               | trading it, and it has made a ton of great returns and
               | people are asking: is this a scam?
               | 
               | Who would it be scamming? The only suckers are this guy.
        
               | thepasswordis wrote:
               | Alameda was supposedly a prop trading firm too.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | FTX is the one who lost their customers' money.
               | 
               | Jane St is fully above board and has no such associated
               | firm managing customer money.
        
               | 22SAS wrote:
               | I work in the trading industry. These people had short
               | tenures at JS, especially Ellison. They weren't seasoned
               | senior traders making big decisions. JS, unlike Alameda,
               | has been in the business for 20+ years and have been very
               | profitable for most of their existence.
               | 
               | It would be worrisome if most of Alameda was full of ex-
               | JS traders, who had been there for 7+ years.
        
             | wellareyousure wrote:
        
           | mediaman wrote:
           | I can't look at their balance sheet and conclude that they
           | were anything but ignorant of traditional finance. He seemed
           | completely unaware of duration risk, and it seems like they
           | have never talked to an accountant or anyone who has even the
           | slightest clue about what a balance sheet should remotely
           | look like.
           | 
           | SBF worked at Jane Street, but he must have been there in a
           | capacity that insulated him from this sort of knowledge. At
           | large firms such as that there are very specialized roles
           | that juniors typically start within, where the visibility is
           | fairly limited.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > I can't look at their balance sheet and conclude that
             | they were anything but ignorant of traditional finance. He
             | seemed completely unaware of duration
             | 
             | SBF is notorious for advocating expected-result decision-
             | making with risk entirely disregarded, and essentially
             | saying if you aren't in the high risk range where the
             | median (rather than expected) result is break even or
             | worse, you are usually being too cautious; he's not
             | _ignorant_ of risk, just deliberately contemptuous towards
             | it being a negative factor in decisions.
             | 
             | Turns out, when you chase Gambler's Ruin that hard...
        
             | HDThoreaun wrote:
             | They knew this balance sheet was bullshit. They were just
             | trying to cover up the $10 billion "loan" they gave alameda
             | after it blew up in the spring. I agree that alameda made
             | mistakes that traditional funds wouldn't, but the balance
             | sheet isn't one of them.
        
             | olalonde wrote:
             | The FTX disaster was not due to incompetence nor ignorance
             | but to fraud.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | I think SBF's public and, AFAICT, honest belief in
               | expected value optimization without regard to risk played
               | a fairly central role in every step of the fraud, and
               | that it constitutes a very specific form of incompetence.
        
               | olalonde wrote:
               | That's an extremely charitable interpretation of the
               | events, in my opinion. Misappropriating custodial funds
               | is not ever acceptable when you are running an exchange,
               | no matter how good your EV looks like.
               | 
               | And I'm not buying into his whole effective altruism
               | thing. What I think is that SBF had a strong desire to
               | make money, ethics be damned, but had a troubled
               | conscience. Effective altruism gave him moral comfort and
               | helped him rationalize his actions.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > That's an extremely charitable interpretation of the
               | events, in my opinion.
               | 
               | Only because you seem to be reading into it a positive
               | moral judgement that I did not, in any way, express.
               | 
               | > Misappropriating custodial funds is not ever acceptable
               | when you are running an exchange, no matter how good your
               | EV looks like.
               | 
               | I didn't say it was.
               | 
               | > And I'm not buying into his whole effective altruism
               | thing.
               | 
               | SBF doesn't just advocate that method of decision-making
               | in the context of EA, he advocates fairly consistently
               | for financial and other decision-making.
        
               | olalonde wrote:
               | It seems I read too much in your comment. I can agree
               | with labeling his method of decision-making as
               | incompetent but I believe what happened at FTX goes
               | beyond that and I just hope he doesn't get away with it
               | by playing that card.
        
             | tick_tock_tick wrote:
             | Or he thought he could get away with it and grow fast
             | enough where it wouldn't burn him.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | lancesells wrote:
             | You think this is ignorance? I know very little about
             | finance or the technology of finance but this is pretty
             | clearly fraud and criminal behavior.
             | 
             | My only question is was he able to pay for his private jets
             | or residences in FTT? He seemed pretty convincing to a lot
             | of people so it would be interesting to see if everything
             | was paid in his own made up currency.
        
               | monetus wrote:
               | I don't think ignorance and fraud are mutually exclusive.
               | I think he has put both on display to a pretty
               | significant degree, personally.
        
           | bogomipz wrote:
           | Perhaps not ignorant but maybe inexperienced for the roles
           | and responsibilities they assumed at their new company? This
           | is from a piece about Caroline Ellison the CEO at Alameda:
           | 
           | >"Before joining Alameda as a trader in March 2018, Ellison
           | spent 19 months as a junior trader at Jane Street after
           | graduating from Stanford University with a bachelor's degree
           | in mathematics in 2016. In a podcast two years ago, Ellison
           | explained that Jane Street was her first job out of college.
           | A diehard mathematician and Harry Potter fan born of two
           | economists, Ellison she hadn't wanted to go into trading but
           | "just didn't really know what to do" with her life.
           | 
           | > "She was persuaded to join Alameda by SBF, who also
           | previously worked for Jane Street. When she quit Jane Street,
           | Ellison said she felt bad for staying such a short amount of
           | time. However, this feeling quickly dissipated when she
           | arrived at Alameda and discovered that she had "kind of more
           | trading experience than a lot of Alameda traders,"
           | anyway."[1]
           | 
           | And similarly for Constance Wang the FTX CEO/COO:
           | 
           | >"Constance Wang joined FTX as chief operating officer in the
           | Bahamas in 2019. Initially, she was chief operating officer
           | (COO) of FTX's crypto derivatives exchange. In January 2022
           | she was promoted as CEO of FTX digital markets, with
           | responsibility for the Bahamas HQ. An org chart published by
           | the Information puts her one level below Sam Bankman-Fried.
           | 
           | >This looks like a big job. All the more so because Wang is
           | only a few years into her career. Before she joined FTX, most
           | of her time had been spent at Credit Suisse in Singapore.
           | 
           | >Wang wasn't an MD at Credit Suisse. She wasn't even a
           | director or associate director. She was an analyst and she
           | worked at the bank for two years, first in KYC in the private
           | bank and then in APAC risk and controls. It was her first job
           | out of university.
           | 
           | "Admittedly, Wang didn't go straight from Credit Suisse to
           | FTX - there was an eight-month detour to Huobi Global, a
           | crypto exchange in Singapore first. However, the fact that
           | this was sufficient to land her a job in her late 20s running
           | 'institutional clients servicing and operational procedure,'
           | at a fund with $1bn of revenues last year, looks slightly
           | questionable."[2]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.efinancialcareers.com/news/2022/11/caroline-
           | elli...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.efinancialcareers.com/news/2022/11/constance-
           | wan...
        
             | jnwatson wrote:
             | You can't make this stuff up. This would make an amazingly
             | funny movie.
        
               | gammarator wrote:
               | It's going to be one! https://theankler.com/p/hwood-ftx-
               | frenzy-as-michael-lewis?sd...
        
               | handspun wrote:
               | It's only a matter of time, Michael Lewis has been
               | shadowing SBF for months now.
               | 
               | https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/nov/14/ftx-crypto-
               | kin...
        
               | basch wrote:
               | https://theankler.com/p/hwood-ftx-frenzy-as-michael-
               | lewis?sd...
        
             | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
             | Meanwhile, at Credit Suisse:
             | 
             | https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/spies-lies-
             | chairman...
             | 
             | https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/feb/21/tax-timeline-
             | cr...
        
           | factsarelolz wrote:
           | Both SBF and the other person were glorified interns and got
           | position based upon their parents network.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | Doubt it, unless you have evidence otherwise. Jane St
             | (unlike customer-facing finance firms, like Goldman Sachs)
             | does not really engage in this style of nepotism hiring
             | that I know of.
             | 
             | More likely is that the child of prominent academics might
             | actually be more intelligent than average themselves and
             | certainly provided more opportunity to flourish.
        
               | factsarelolz wrote:
               | Could you detail SBF's experience that would have opened
               | doors to him at Jane St without nepotism? I ask because I
               | can't find any evidence to show how he was able to get
               | into that position. Thanks for the guidance and I look
               | forward to your reply.
        
               | 22SAS wrote:
               | Most of JS's trading interns and new graduate hires, are
               | STEM grads at HYPSM schools. SBF going to MIT gave him a
               | big leg up.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | He went to MIT and interned there.
               | 
               | I'm confused as to what you are asking - Jane St
               | certainly hires plenty of people out of college not for
               | nepotism reasons.
               | 
               | The fact that he did not have a prior job before college
               | is not evidence he was hired for nepotism.
               | 
               | Let me guess - he also got into MIT through nepotism as
               | well.
        
               | stefan_ wrote:
               | His parents are professors at Stanford. So yeah, of
               | course he did.
        
               | eddsh1994 wrote:
               | What was his GPA at MIT? Did his parents jobs get his
               | exams marked higher?
        
               | stefan_ wrote:
               | Does it matter? He did an undergraduate physics degree,
               | the only time his name appears on Scholar is in a book of
               | his mom or a letter from one of their colleagues, and
               | when it was over he promptly went to some quant company
               | that gobbles up these graduates by the busload (and spits
               | them out again). The least important part in all of this
               | is the grades, or possibly even what undergraduate he
               | did.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Can't tell if you are being earnest but as someone who
               | majored in CS at a HYPSM, I can tell you there is
               | literally no chance that this occured.
               | 
               | I know kids who definitely got in because of parents
               | money, but it certainly did not impact their grading.
        
               | NtochkaNzvanova wrote:
               | I would exclude MIT from that list, but the rest of those
               | schools basically have a huge reputation for grade
               | inflation -- i.e., once you get in, you won't be given a
               | bad GPA because you're paying so much. Grading people
               | legitimately based on competence would piss of the
               | parents/donors too much. Curious to hear your take on
               | this.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Gotcha and thanks for being upfront about your reasoning.
               | 
               | I'll let others decide on whether they find that
               | reasoning convincing!
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | You "got" a different poster, though.
        
               | asdfqweqe12 wrote:
               | Youre all over this thread defending Jane Street.
               | 
               | > Jane St (unlike customer-facing finance firms, like
               | Goldman Sachs) does not really engage in this style of
               | nepotism hiring that I know of.
               | 
               | Wow i'm sold.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Because it's a comment thread I find interesting, I made
               | 4 or so comments related to Jane St, 2 of which are
               | replying to people replying to me.
               | 
               | I promise you I have no affiliations with JS whatsoever,
               | just think that there is lots of sloppy reasoning going
               | on in this thread.
        
         | codehalo wrote:
         | >It was no secret that SBF hated traditional finance.
         | 
         | That is quite odd. FTX was the very definition of traditional
         | finance (with or without whatever regulations you may think is
         | required). Maybe he was bullshitting you too?
         | 
         | Crypto is now infested with Wall Streeters and VCs trying to
         | convert it into some grotesque form of the old system they are
         | familiar with and failing catastrophically. In a few years
         | decentralized DEXs will all but replace the centralized
         | exchanges.
        
           | anonporridge wrote:
           | This is the great thing about this whole event.
           | 
           | It's a grotesque level of criminal fraud, but unlike when
           | that happens in traditional finance, there will be no
           | bailout. These fraudsters will get wiped out and there is no
           | one to appeal to who can save them.
        
             | fortran77 wrote:
             | Canadian taxpayers will, one way or another, bail out the
             | teacher's pension fund that invested in FTX
             | 
             | https://decrypt.co/114235/ontario-teachers-95m-ftx-
             | pension-f...
        
               | IfOnlyYouKnew wrote:
               | It's a pension fund with a lot of VC deals, and a rather
               | profitable one at that. It can easily eat $95 million in
               | losses.
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | These fraudsters _and others_ will get wiped out. That 's
             | the bummer about this whole event.
             | 
             | You may feel that the others were too greedy and naive, and
             | therefore deserve what they get. Perhaps. But they're still
             | getting wiped out, and they didn't participate in the
             | fraud. (Unless you consider all of crypto to be a fraud...)
        
               | anonporridge wrote:
               | Sometimes, the best way to train children to avoid
               | putting their hand in the fire is not to be overbearing
               | and make certain they never get burned, but to let them
               | make that mistake and get burned a little so they
               | viscerally understand the consequences of doing such a
               | dangerous thing. If you never let them get a little
               | burned, then they might get terribly burned when you're
               | not around to pull them out.
               | 
               | Losing tons of money is not the end of the world, even if
               | it can feel like it. It might just mean you have to
               | swallow your pride and go work at Walmart or McDonalds
               | for a while to build yourself back up. Millions of people
               | live that life every day.
               | 
               | Stay humble. Stack sats.
        
               | selectodude wrote:
               | There are a lot of people who already work at McDonalds
               | or Walmart that watched FTX's super bowl commercial and
               | knew about the "whole crypto thing" that, too, are wiped
               | out.
               | 
               | I'm enjoying this shit as much as anybody but
               | unsophisticated people are certainly feeling this right
               | now.
        
         | fredgrott wrote:
         | here is the problem in the a nutshell, SBF hired fraud
         | scammers, several bad actors from poker scams where part of
         | SBFs crew...indicating that something other than skill level
         | was the factor in hiring.
        
         | hahaxdxd123 wrote:
         | What does the expression "smoke the whole pack" mean?
         | 
         | I Googled but there are no real results. Thanks!
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | I assume this is a reference to catching a child smoking a
           | cigarette, and to punish them, and put them off doing it
           | again, the parent forces them to smoke the whole pack of
           | cigarettes one after another.
           | 
           | This (in theory) makes them feel sick and develop an aversion
           | to the cigarettes.
        
           | jdminhbg wrote:
           | A father catches his young son sneaking a cigarette. To teach
           | him a lesson, he says, "You want to be a smoker, huh? Well go
           | ahead, smoke this whole pack!" He makes him smoke all of
           | them, the boy gets horribly sick from it, and never wants to
           | smoke again.
           | 
           | Essentially it's a metaphor for forcing someone to go all-in
           | on something they wanted just a little taste of.
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | I think it refers to the old punishment for a kid caught
           | smoking. You catch a kid smoking a cigarette and then sit
           | there and force them to smoke one after another until the
           | whole pack is done. They get really really sick.
           | 
           | So the analogy is take something you like and then force it
           | on you 24x7x365 until you hate every moment of it.
        
       | TrickyRick wrote:
       | I guess Web 3.0 got its Madoff 2.0
        
       | hef19898 wrote:
       | Wow, imagine having _8 billion_ of customer money, negative, at a
       | badly labelled internal account. And now remember that Wirecard
       | fell over made up assets of 2 billion.
       | 
       | FTX is an even bigger mess than Wirecard.
        
         | durnygbur wrote:
         | Wire-what? No one in Europe remembers them anymore. Germans
         | chase more ferociously torrent users, than the one executive
         | who vanished.
        
           | def_true_false wrote:
           | Zee Germans are currently too busy with fucking up the energy
           | market to the tune of 200B to care about silly stuff like
           | wirecard :)
        
       | gruez wrote:
       | >There is also an obscure $7mn holding called "TRUMPLOSE"
       | 
       | https://ftx.com/trump-tokens
        
         | jefftk wrote:
         | "Joe Biden won the 2020 United States Presidential election:
         | TRUMPLOSE is redeemable for $1.00! All TRUMPLOSE balances on
         | FTX will be auto-redeemed for $1.00 at 11/15/2020, 9:00:00 AM."
         | 
         | How can TRUMPLOSE assets still be on their balance sheet?
         | (Aside from "we have no idea what we're doing...")
        
           | atdrummond wrote:
           | It is 2024 futures, not 2020.
        
             | jefftk wrote:
             | I don't see anything in https://ftx.com/trump-tokens about
             | 2024? It's all 2020.
        
               | NoboruWataya wrote:
               | There is a separate TRUMP2024 token:
               | https://ftx.com/trade/TRUMP2024
               | 
               | TRUMPLOSE is the 2020 one, so your point stands that
               | there is no explanation for that account still having a
               | huge amount of money. That said, we now know that
               | internal labelling of accounts was not FTX's forte, so...
        
       | beefield wrote:
       | > So if for instance some company creates a token, and says that
       | there can be 10 billion of the token, and reserves them all for
       | itself, and then sells 1 million of them to outside investors for
       | $1 each, then the market cap of that token is $1 million ($1
       | times 1 million circulating tokens), while the fully diluted
       | market cap is $10 billion ($1 times 10 billion total tokens), and
       | the issuer's 9,999,000,000 remaining tokens have a value, on this
       | math, of $9.999 billion.
       | 
       | I have had for a while this secret plan to become the richest
       | person in the world by a wide margin. Because I seem to be too
       | lazy to actually execute it, I think it is better to just publish
       | it for the hope that someone else does it:
       | 
       | So, the plan is to create a new cryptocurrency called Googolcoin
       | (GGC). The supply of the coin would be - as the name implies,
       | 10^100 GGC. I would pre-mine all but say 1000 of them for myself
       | and leave the rest for miners. Then I would start making the
       | market and put all of my GGC for sale, at a price of $1/GGC. Of
       | course, I would also put offer to buy as many GGC as anyone wants
       | to sell at say $0.7/GGC. Then I would go and bribe someone and
       | buy one GGC from me. And there you have it. My net worth would be
       | _orders_ of magnitude greater than all other wealth in the earth
       | combined! Take that, Elon.
       | 
       | (If my reader at this point has not realized that the concept of
       | market cap for cryptocurrencies is stupidest thing since... well
       | previous stupidest thing, I would recommend selling your crypto
       | ASAP.)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ribosometronome wrote:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHfJRON3b-w
         | 
         | Reminds me of Max Fosh briefly being the world's richest man.
        
       | alexb_ wrote:
       | This has got to be one of the most absurd situations I've ever
       | seen. Absolutely fucking insane that this could have even lasted
       | that long. Every single charitable interpretation of this
       | situation, every single possible way that they could have somehow
       | argued their way out of it being a clear scam, it's all just
       | obviously stealing.
       | 
       | I think it's absolutely absurd that "smart money" was pumped into
       | this to the tune of billions upon billions of dollars. The
       | popularity of this delusion, and the madness of the billion-
       | dollar crowd is so much worse than anyone could have thought.
        
         | gary_0 wrote:
         | I still have doubts that regulators will step in and take
         | decisive action to prevent this kind of thing happening again.
         | Is fraud basically legal now?
        
         | joe_the_user wrote:
         | _Absolutely fucking insane that this could have even lasted
         | that long._
         | 
         | When things are good, Ponzi schemes appear smarter, hipper and
         | more profitable than ordinary businesses and so no one want to
         | run anything else after a bit. That's why the Fed is there to
         | "take away the punch bowl just when the party is getting
         | interesting" - because, whatever their other virtues, markets
         | won't stop this before disaster strikes.
        
         | lkrubner wrote:
         | Strongly agree. In normal times there are scammers and people
         | trying to set up Ponzi schemes, but they don't typically fool
         | sophisticated investors. These last 30 years have seen the
         | markets grow increasingly deranged. In that sense, Bernie
         | Madoff was the true visionary who set the tone for this era,
         | much more so than Elon Musk or Adam Neumann.
        
       | KKKKkkkk1 wrote:
       | _The vast majority of FTX Trading's recorded assets are either
       | illiquid venture capital investments [...] In all, the
       | spreadsheet says FTX Trading's assets were [...] $3.2bn of
       | illiquid private equity investments._
       | 
       | Sounds like the VCs may have managed to recoup their investments
       | using customer funds before the thing blew up.
        
         | xg15 wrote:
         | Maybe I misunderstood, but if the investments were on the
         | "assets" side, doesn't that mean that FTX _was_ the VC investor
         | here - and the  "asset" is the potential of the investment to
         | pay off?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | TacticalCoder wrote:
       | Now people are realizing that the scam was planned from the
       | beginning. Serum started trading in 2020 and was in preparation
       | before that. And SBF was part of it from the beginning.
       | 
       | Compliance lawyer was previously involved in massive online poker
       | scams. Guess who's that lawyer' ex-colleague lawyer, also
       | involved in the scam, is working for? tether/iFinex/BitFinex.
       | 
       | Go read @bitfinex'ed 's Twitter account. He's been exposing
       | tether / iFinex / Bitfinex / Alameda / FTX and SBF as frauds
       | since the very beginning.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >Go read @bitfinex'ed 's Twitter account. He's been exposing
         | tether / iFinex / Bitfinex / Alameda / FTX and SBF as frauds
         | since the very beginning.
         | 
         | Seems like the account trashes mainly Tether/Bitfinex, but also
         | whatever other crypto company shows up in the news (eg. FTX,
         | Binance, or coinbase). If you trash everything, of course
         | you're going to turn out to be the guy who was right "since the
         | very beginning". It doesn't mean that you're actually a good
         | source or anything.
         | 
         | For instance, I scrolled all the way to the bottom (to escape
         | all the recent FTX tweets), and found a retweet[1] portraying
         | FTX as some sort of predatory lender and how "SBF HAS ACTUALLY
         | RISKED LITTLE OR NOTHING", which we now know is the opposite of
         | what happened (matt levine says that the probably lost money
         | bailing all those companies out).
         | 
         | [1] https://twitter.com/otteroooo/status/1571522943305523206
        
           | TacticalCoder wrote:
           | > If you trash everything, of course you're going to turn out
           | to be the guy who was right "since the very beginning".
           | 
           | But he _was_ right. Do you really think tether
           | /iFinex/Bitfinex/Deltec are nice persons playing it fair?
           | 
           | It's clear he wants Bitfinex to fail and Bitfinex shall
           | eventually fall.
        
           | grey-area wrote:
           | All the companies you list are frauds, save _maybe_ coinbase.
        
       | celestialcheese wrote:
       | > Still it is striking that the balance sheet that FTX circulated
       | to potential rescuers consisted mostly of stuff it made up. Its
       | balance sheet consisted mostly of stuff it made up! Stuff it made
       | up! You can't do that! That's not how balance sheets work! That's
       | not how anything works!
       | 
       | This is absolute gold.
       | 
       | Also...
       | 
       | > FTX/Alameda were funneling customer money into effective
       | altruism. Bankman-Fried seems to have generously funded a lot of
       | effective altruism charities, artificial-intelligence and
       | pandemic research, Democratic political candidates, etc.
       | 
       | This is just catnip to the "right-wing" media machine, Even worse
       | is that it's not even really that far-fetched of a theory.
       | Billions spent influencing elections and policy over the last 3
       | years, and a $10B hole of customer funds just missing. This is
       | just reinforcing the worst conspiracy theories out there, and I'm
       | sad to see it..
       | 
       | *edit, formatting
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | Unfortunately, there is a history of this exact type of scam
         | among firms very, very closely associated with the Democratic
         | party.
         | 
         | The owner of this firm probably had more pull with the higher-
         | ups than SBF will ultimately have - he got no jail time & a 5
         | million dollar fine. He's already back to running hedge funds.
         | 
         | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MF_Global
        
         | TechBro8615 wrote:
         | The current unsubstantiated right wing rumor is that Ukraine
         | "invested" a bunch of the US aid money into FTX.
         | 
         | I think the rumor is probably conflating "actual" ($ backed)
         | aid with the crypto donations individuals made through FTX at
         | the beginning of the war, but who knows.
        
           | smsm42 wrote:
           | Or more likely, it's just "everybody we hate are surely
           | connected and conspiring against us" type of thing, where
           | everything just gets dumped into one huge pot, mixed up and
           | served up for rage clicks. I mean, it both has words "crypto"
           | in it, there's billions here and billions there, shake up
           | weeple!
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | Aunche wrote:
         | > generously funded... Democratic political candidates
         | 
         | This isn't the smoking gun that Republicans want to portray it
         | as. A third of their political spending went to Republicans.
         | Companies will typically donate to the incumbent party because
         | they're the ones who actually write the laws, so it's not
         | unusual for them to donate more to Democrats.
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | Why is a coal billionaire spending money on campaign
         | contributions normal, but a finance billionare doing the same
         | catnip for the worst right-wing conspiracy theories? [1]
         | 
         | For someone who just arrived on Earth from another planet,
         | modern campaign financing rules are indistinguishable from
         | bribes, regardless of who the money goes to.
         | 
         | [1] I mean, aside from the _obvious_ answer (Which is that
         | their guys aren 't the beneficiaries.)
        
           | ok_dad wrote:
           | I absolutely hate myself for replying, but in this situation
           | you gave, SBF may have used customer's money, but an oil/coal
           | baron uses their own money.
           | 
           | Even if you consider billionaires to be a disgusting stain on
           | society, like myself, there's still a difference between
           | stealing money to spend on stuff (political donations or
           | Lambo's) and spending money/stocks you legally made in a
           | horrible, earth-killing industry.
           | 
           | I absolutely detest greed in all it's forms, but I also don't
           | think people should lower their morals and ethics to match
           | the lowest of the low, as if they're Robin Hood (the
           | character, not the company).
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | That just makes SBF a thief, but that's not really relevant
             | to the core problem of pay-to-play campaign contributions.
        
               | ok_dad wrote:
               | The parent comment was asking what the difference was, I
               | said the difference was the theft. I guess I was wrong
               | because I looked up the right wind conspiracies and they
               | all seem to care only about the part to play aspects,
               | which is definitely very ironic considering the history
               | of right wing financing.
        
         | TacticalCoder wrote:
         | > Even worse is that it's not even really that far-fetched
         | 
         | Partizan politics aside... SBF's very mom was running a
         | fundraising campaign. And after George Soros SBF was the
         | biggest donor.
         | 
         | SBF had already siphoned $95m out of Canadian teachers pension
         | funds.
         | 
         | > This is just reinforcing the worst conspiracy theories out
         | there
         | 
         | At this point it's not just conspiracy theories anymore.
         | BlockFi had already reached an agreement with the SEC (and SBF
         | "bought" BlockFi when it was in trouble) and it's totally
         | obvious that FTX would have been a licensed regulated exchanges
         | once the current bill would have passed.
         | 
         | It's an undisputable fact that the chief FTX lobbyist was an
         | ex-CFTC commissioner. He apparently also was an ex- colleague
         | of the SEC's chair, Gary Gensler.
         | 
         | And as weird coincidence would have it: Gary Gensler was an ex-
         | colleague of Alameda's 28 years CEO's father.
         | 
         | And you dare to say it's "re-inforcing conspiracy theories"?
         | 
         | Let the scum of this earth be exposed for what it is.
         | 
         | I'm not defending people because they happen to be leeches
         | close to the political party I'm voting for.
        
           | celestialcheese wrote:
           | I should have been more clear - this isn't a conspiracy
           | theory. The money disappeared and there were huge donations
           | to left-wing causes. It's fraud propping up political
           | spending. No defence and not defending them. It boils my
           | blood.
           | 
           | The conspiracy theories I was referring too are the"jewish
           | space lazers, George Soros Jewish Cabal Running The World
           | Drinking Babies Blood" type anti-semetic conspiracies spouted
           | off by people like Kanye and other far-right conspiracy nuts.
           | 
           | This gives them ammo and confirmation bias that the more
           | nutty and harmful theories have legs, and that can have real-
           | world, extremely dangerous outcomes.
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | Which left-wing political causes were championed by the ~40
             | million he gave to the Republican party?
             | 
             | Without digging into the minutia, it seems like a classic
             | example of 'pay both sides so that no matter who wins, we
             | get a seat at the table.' Unsurprisingly, the incumbents
             | got paid more.
             | 
             | The causes don't seem to matter, pay to play does.
             | 
             | Now, if the right is ready to embrace an end to
             | corporations and millionaires donating to political
             | campaigns, it's a fantastic idea that we should embrace.
             | If, of course, it's just sour grapes and complaining after
             | losing a midterm senate election after putting forward a
             | slate of some of the worst candidates they could field, I
             | don't have a minute of time for it.
             | 
             | Given the historic track record on campaign financing, I
             | think it's the latter.
        
       | moralestapia wrote:
       | OT but also part of that newsletter (by the end),
       | 
       | That take on ESG as an excuse to mask out antitrust violations,
       | wow, never thought of it like that.
       | 
       | Agree with everyone else here, Matt Levine is top notch.
        
       | webscout wrote:
        
       | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
       | The thing that this piece really got me thinking about is how
       | many other crypto companies are the same ponzi scheme because
       | they are counting made-up things as assets on their balance
       | sheet.
       | 
       | In other words, suppose I create token SCAMMER, and I say its
       | supply will be capped at 1 million tokens (or 10 million, or 100
       | million - that's the "nice" thing about crypto, I can kinda
       | choose whatever number I want), and then I'm able to sell 10 of
       | those tokens for $100 each. According to FTX math, I now have
       | $99,999,000 of assets on my balance sheet, but of course if I
       | actually tried to sell a lot of my "kept" tokens I would tank the
       | SCAMMER price.
       | 
       | Even better, and I think what is probably more common in the
       | crypto industry: suppose I get my buddy to create a SUX2BEU
       | token. I tell my buddy I'll by 10 SUX2BEU tokens for $100 each if
       | he buys 10 of my SCAMMER tokens for $100 each. Now suddenly we
       | can both say we have huge assets on our balance sheets! Until, of
       | course, someone decides to pull aside the curtain covering the
       | wizard.
       | 
       | So many ponzi schemes on top of ponzi schemes...
        
         | nemo44x wrote:
         | It's shitcoins all the way down.
        
         | waynesonfire wrote:
         | I think artwork also works this way. I have 10 piece of art
         | drawn by Mr. Artist. My friend buys a piece for 1 million
         | dollars, I now have ~9 million dollars of "assets".
         | 
         | These shenanigans have been going on for a long time in wealthy
         | groups.
        
           | smsm42 wrote:
           | That's why you see all kinds of fintechs trying to push art
           | investment into the masses nowdays. They want the stupid
           | money.
        
         | mgraczyk wrote:
         | This isn't a ponzi scheme as others have pointed out.
         | 
         | This is well understood and goes on all the time in NFTs, it's
         | usually called wash trading.
         | 
         | People in crypto know this is happening. The reason they still
         | speculate is because it's hard to predict when it will
         | collapse, and some people think they have an edge predicting
         | that sort of thing.
        
         | twblalock wrote:
         | If you made a coin that was actually called ScamCoin people
         | would buy it, because they would believe they could sell it to
         | someone else for a profit.
        
           | yojo wrote:
           | Empirically true. See: PonziCoin
           | https://techweez.com/2018/01/26/ponzicoin-crypto-scheme/
        
             | twblalock wrote:
             | DogeCoin was supposed to be a parody and people actually
             | bought it.
             | 
             | Also my phone does not flag DogeCoin as a misspelled word.
             | 
             | Anyone who invests in this stuff is either really dumb, or
             | morally impaired yet smart enough to exploit people who are
             | really dumb.
        
               | pram wrote:
               | You mean Elon?
        
               | smsm42 wrote:
               | Did Elon seriously invest in Doge? I was assuming he was
               | just having fun, in his own way.
        
               | hotpotamus wrote:
               | As someone who has made a bit of money in crypto, there's
               | no reason I can't be really dumb _and_ morally impaired,
               | but lucky. I will note that moral impairment and
               | intelligence are not highly correlated as far as I know.
        
         | Anon1096 wrote:
         | You're not describing a Ponzi scheme, you're describing wash
         | trading and fraudulent accounting.
        
           | startupsfail wrote:
           | It is surprising that so far there haven't been any
           | legislation in Europe that prohibits CO2 emissions and energy
           | consumption for crypto mining. Feels like a slum dunk to get
           | it passed and get some nice political credit for it.
        
             | ballenf wrote:
             | Do they need to? At typical EU energy rates, is there a
             | token in the world worth mining?
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | Yeah, seems like the carbon tax + high energy prices are
               | already working as intended (ie. forcing non-productive
               | energy consumers offline).
        
             | initplus wrote:
             | Europe doesn't have a large scale crypto mining industry.
             | Energy prices aren't competitive enough there for it to be
             | viable.
             | 
             | Europe's hashrate could disappear overnight and barely
             | anyone would notice.
        
               | Gigachad wrote:
               | It would be a good statement and might set off a chain
               | reaction for other countries. At any rate, a country that
               | isn't very dependent on crypto mining would be a good
               | place to start the bans.
        
           | advisedwang wrote:
           | people pay in, and that money is spent on (making the project
           | look good|delivering a yield|paying execs|propping up a
           | trading company|whatever) and then the money is not there
           | anymore for withdrawals. That's the essence of a Ponzi scheme
           | and this meets that criterion.
           | 
           | Sure, there's fraudlent accounting, and wash trading, and
           | other bullshit, but that's all just the some and mirrors that
           | allows the ponzi scheme to work.
        
             | basch wrote:
             | thats not what a ponzi scheme is.
             | 
             | a ponzi scheme reports a profit, and pays out that profit
             | to early investors. (the payout is actually later investors
             | inflow.)
             | 
             | the only one of the ones you mentioned that is actually a
             | ponzi scheme is the "delivering a yield." its the yield
             | delivery, aka dividend, that makes it a ponzi scheme, not
             | just fraudulently running away with the money. the scheme
             | works because people get paid out regularly, and have no
             | reason to believe their money isnt working for them.
        
               | Silverback_VII wrote:
               | You are wrong. In a ponzi people are often encouraged to
               | reinvest their gains. You only take the money of new
               | investors to pay out early investors if really necessary
               | (that is to maintain the illusion that the money is still
               | there) otherwise you use the money for something else or
               | yourself.
               | 
               | exactly how crypto works.
        
               | felipellrocha wrote:
               | Just because that is a common feature of ponzi schemes,
               | that alone doesn't make it a ponzi scheme. A ponzi scheme
               | takes some sort of initial investment from new investors
               | and gives that back to old investors in form of "return".
               | Meaning, the system itself doesn't rely on any sort of
               | growth in order to return, only the sign up of new people
               | into the scheme, which is why they can seemingly deliver
               | such reliable returns to early investors. Eventually you
               | run out of new people to sign up, and the entire house of
               | cards falls apart very quickly.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | rossdavidh wrote:
         | Paul Graham wrote an essay years ago in which he described the
         | moment when he realized that most of the dot-com companies in
         | the late 90's were selling their ads mostly to other dot-com
         | companies, who were buying their ads in turn. It looked like
         | growing revenue for everyone, but once it came time to show a
         | profit, all of it came crashing down...
        
           | mcintyre1994 wrote:
           | Ad-supported mobile games seem to work like this too, all
           | their ads are for other free ad-supported mobile games. Also
           | I downloaded a QR code scanning app and every time I tried to
           | scan a QR code it showed me an ad for another QR code
           | scanning app lol.
        
           | physicsguy wrote:
           | I do think of this a bit when I see startups being the main
           | customers of other startup's products. For e.g. I've never in
           | my career at big orgs and small orgs alike had authority to
           | just go and purchase $50/dev/month on productivity tooling
           | for my teams, so I've never quite worked out who is paying
           | for these
        
           | pewter_wiz wrote:
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | hintymad wrote:
           | But aren't startups doing the same thing as PG said nowadays?
           | That is, portfolio companies use each other's products to
           | boost their revenue and user base.
        
             | jonny_eh wrote:
             | SpaceX just bought a bunch of ads on Twitter.
             | 
             | https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/14/spacex-just-bought-a-big-
             | ad-...
        
               | rsynnott wrote:
               | In a way, that that is _notable_ today is evidence that
               | the dot-com advertising problem _isn't_ notable today. In
               | 1999 that would be just What You Did, and not really
               | worthy of comment.
        
               | belval wrote:
               | > According to internal documents viewed by CNBC, SpaceX
               | has spent more than $160,000 on the Twitter ad campaign
               | for Starlink in Australia and Spain so far.
               | 
               | Your definition for "a bunch" is a bit questionable, but
               | good on you for posting the source.
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | All this without your own definition of a "bunch"!
        
               | belval wrote:
               | You got me. I wonder if we did a poll, how much money is
               | "a bunch of money" and how much money is "a bunch of
               | money on ads" for people.
               | 
               | I think if it had been $500k or $1M I would've called it
               | a bunch, but $160k seems low.
        
               | khuey wrote:
               | I'm no fan of Elon's recent antics but a $160k
               | advertising spend doesn't strike me as a "bunch" for a
               | major corporation.
        
             | timkam wrote:
             | Still, in B2B you typically want to show you have some
             | megacorp logos (in particular due to larger deal size and
             | up-sell potential), are attractive to different industries,
             | et cetera. So this may be a known issue, but it's also
             | considered when assessing startups.
        
             | tomhoward wrote:
             | It's a very different scenario.
             | 
             | Just selling to other early-stage startups doesn't generate
             | much growth/revenue or make you look like a solid business
             | to a sophisticated investor. SaaS/B2B companies that make
             | it big do so because they get huge numbers of small-medium
             | businesses using their platform, not just startups - I.e,
             | Slack, Stripe, Square, Shopify, Canva, Zendesk, Zapier,
             | Segment.
             | 
             | Having other startups using your product is a good early
             | source of product feedback and a strong signal to very
             | early-stage investors, but that alone doesn't give you the
             | huge growth you need for bigger funding rounds.
             | 
             | It's very different to the scenario PG was describing in
             | the late 90s; in those days, a startup would be founded,
             | quickly IPO to raise several $million from unsophisticated
             | retail investors, then spend much of it on advertising on
             | Yahoo to drive traffic and artificially push the share
             | price up. Hence when the music stopped in 2000 all that ad
             | spend dried up and Yahoo's share price crashed.
             | 
             | All those companies I mentioned above are going fine;
             | slowed growth, sure, but they have real businesses with
             | broad customer bases well beyond the startup ecosystem, so
             | they're all able to continue operating and doing OK.
        
             | rglover wrote:
             | Yes. Nothing has changed. It's not quite the blind leading
             | the blind but some variety of that idea.
             | 
             | A uses B uses C
             | 
             | C uses A but not B
             | 
             | B uses C
             | 
             | "Ooooo, A uses B I should use them for C!"
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | The lesson drawn, and a good one as an investor, was the YC
           | advice that start-ups should build stuff for other start-ups.
        
             | loeg wrote:
             | Sell shovels in a gold rush?
        
             | jgalt212 wrote:
             | It worked like a charm for AWS.
        
               | justinator wrote:
               | In what world is AWS a startup?
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | When AWS was starting?
        
               | Nowado wrote:
               | You mean when they separated internal infrastructure of
               | the largest ecommerce in the world to the point when it
               | was possible to sell it in commodified pieces to other
               | businesses?
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | That is not what happened and is a fake myth origin
               | story. AWS was started from scratch with a small team in
               | south africa. The best description of all the myths and
               | the real thing I've heard is here:
               | https://www.acquired.fm/episodes/amazon-web-services
               | 
               | It sounds good to perpetuate the "but Amazon.com had
               | extra capacity they could sell" but it's not true.
        
               | remram wrote:
               | Unfortunately if the only source is this 3 hour podcast,
               | you are going to have trouble convincing anyone.
        
               | Nowado wrote:
               | There are sources, I didn't go through them yet, but they
               | are there. It's pages of unorganized links, but it's
               | something.
        
               | smachiz wrote:
               | I mean... a little disingenuous. AMZN was a $10-20B
               | publicly traded company at that time. When is it a
               | startup vs a product offering of an established company?
        
               | drsnow wrote:
               | I think it's a bit unfair to characterize every company
               | that is "starting" as a "startup", particularly when the
               | "startup" in question is/was backed by one of the largest
               | companies on the planet. I don't think people think of
               | such companies' endeavors as startups, even when they are
               | starting.
        
               | sillysaurusx wrote:
               | There is an exact answer to your question, and it has
               | nothing to do with the size of the company: a startup is
               | a company designed to grow fast. Everything we associate
               | with the success of a startup is a byproduct of growth.
               | 
               | With that definition, AWS is a startup. So was the
               | iPhone. Both invented their respective markets, and had
               | to grow quickly to do it. If either of them had needed to
               | raise money from VCs, smart VCs would've invested. But
               | they didn't need to raise capital, since they were
               | already a successful company.
        
         | at-fates-hands wrote:
         | >> So many ponzi schemes on top of ponzi schemes...
         | 
         | Isn't this what happened with Quadriga exchange?
         | 
         |  _The regulator said Thursday that Vancouver-based Quadriga 's
         | late founder Gerald Cotten committed fraud by opening accounts
         | under aliases and crediting himself with fictitious currency
         | and crypto asset balances, which he traded with unsuspecting
         | clients._
         | 
         |  _On Thursday, the OSC attributed about $115 million of the
         | $169 million clients lost to Cotten 's "fraudulent" trading._
         | 
         |  _Another $28 million was lost when Cotten used client assets
         | on three external crypto asset trading platforms without
         | authorization or disclosure._
         | 
         |  _The OSC said he also misappropriated millions in client
         | assets to fund his "lavish" lifestyle and because he was in
         | sole control of the company ever since 2016, he "ran the
         | business as he saw fit, with no proper system of internal
         | oversight or controls or proper books and records."_
         | 
         | https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/osc-quadriga-gerald-cotten-...
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | That's just regular theft/embezzlement, not a ponzi.
        
         | ignoramous wrote:
         | See also: _Basecamp valuation tops $100,000,000,000 after bold
         | VC investment_ (2015), https://archive.is/A0Wb1
        
         | drexlspivey wrote:
         | That's a common problem when dealing with illiquid assets and
         | not a characteristic of just crypto. For example a VC firm buys
         | 10% shares of a company valued $1B at their latest round. Then
         | the market tanks but no one really knows what these shares are
         | worth because they are not trading anywhere so you don't have a
         | price to mark them. As a result you mark them in your books
         | with the latest round price at $100m even though they might be
         | worth much much less.
        
           | codyb wrote:
           | Although, according to Matt Levine who writes Money Matters,
           | that can sometimes be a feature instead of a bug whereby
           | private firms are better able to ride bad market conditions
           | than public firms are.
           | 
           | In some cases you could see it being positive not having your
           | stock price drop everytime the Fed announces a new rate
           | increase or jump everytime they don't (or etc etc with other
           | events) if your primary goal is to continue at a steady pace
           | to achieve some goal.
        
             | am3101 wrote:
             | Small note: it's Cliff Asness from AQR who came up with the
             | illiquidity "premium," though Levine does report it a lot.
             | This matters a bit bc AQR is a large hedge fund that trades
             | in liquids and therefore is marked frequently... there's a
             | bit of self-serving bias here (although may still be true).
        
           | jimbokun wrote:
           | Classic illiquid asset problem.
           | 
           | Don't know the "real" price because it's infrequently (or
           | never) traded.
        
             | cbtacy wrote:
             | But are we really talking about "assets" here?
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Good luck finding a solid definition of that term that
               | excludes them without excluding a whole class of other,
               | more traditionally recognized stuff.
               | 
               | Tokens, etc. are easiest to think of as securities (aka
               | stock) generally, albeit securities in a more abstract
               | thing than a company.
        
           | IfOnlyYouKnew wrote:
           | No. You can't just make up the book value of your assets. You
           | need some sort of justification, and these are, for public
           | companies, strictly regulated.
        
           | Chyzwar wrote:
           | Company have valuation would be based on recorded revenue,
           | profit or at least growth rate. When buying a stake in a
           | company, there is a whole legal framework and due diligence.
           | Crypto token just have the bunch of wash trades to support
           | theirs valuation and no transparency.
        
           | mediaman wrote:
           | This is different. In the case of the VC who bought shares in
           | the startup, they at least have the price they paid for the
           | shares.
           | 
           | In the case of crypto companies who create their own tokens
           | and then use them as collateral, they never actually paid
           | anything for the tokens they own. There's not even a cost
           | basis. It's entirely made up.
           | 
           | Not only is what the crypto companies doing much worse, but
           | it is rare for VCs to leverage their investments in
           | companies. It's not like their fund is levering up 2:1 and
           | buying companies, like a PE fund does, because in the case of
           | VCs their investments are usually not producing cash flow.
           | But in the case of some of these crypto companies, they were
           | levering up using collateral of tokens they made up that they
           | never paid anything for.
           | 
           | It's much, much worse than anything recently seen in finance.
           | CDOs were bad in 2008, but at least the mortgages were a
           | secured claim on a physical asset that someone actually paid
           | something for.
        
           | jmull wrote:
           | > ...and not a characteristic of just crypto
           | 
           | That's a rather fine and unimportant distinction.
           | 
           | It _is_ characteristic of crypto, just not _only_ crypto.
           | 
           | And, in the case of crypto, the asset never represents
           | anything but itself.
        
             | worik wrote:
             | Oh yes.
             | 
             | > in the case of crypto, the asset never represents
             | anything but itself.
             | 
             | This is the foul taste of all crypto "assets". They are not
             | assets because they have no intrinsic value for anything.
             | 
             | The nearest real economy analogy is the art market, which
             | is hopelessly inflated, utterly riddled with fraud, and
             | with very little intrinsic value.
             | 
             | But you can hang a painting on a wall and look at it. Even
             | if it is a fake it still looks good on the wall.
             | 
             | Crypto has none of that. All it has is the scam, the fake,
             | the hope of a bigger fool.
             | 
             | Shame on us for letting this happen. It gives a bad name to
             | geeks in general and cryptography specifically.
        
         | aqme28 wrote:
         | You don't even need a buddy for that. Just make another
         | anonymous address to buy your token from yourself. Or a dozen,
         | it doesn't matter.
        
       | chewz wrote:
       | > I tried, in the previous section, to capture the horrors of
       | FTX's balance sheet as it spiraled into bankruptcy. But, as I
       | said, there is something important missing in that account.
       | What's missing is the money. What's missing is that FTX had at
       | some point something like $16 billion of customer money, but most
       | of its assets turned out to be tokens that it made up. It did not
       | pay $16 billion for those tokens, or even $1 billion, probably. 7
       | Money came in, but then when customers came to FTX and pried open
       | the doors of the safe, all they found were cobwebs and Serum.
       | Where did the money go?
        
         | queuebert wrote:
         | Levered losses?
        
           | HDThoreaun wrote:
           | It went into that @fiat account which was probably Alameda
        
           | mzs wrote:
           | I would assume most of it was stolen.
        
         | nafix wrote:
         | I feel like all the news stories are ignoring some very blatant
         | questions like this. Maybe they are just waiting for more
         | details to come out?
        
       | civilized wrote:
       | I don't know much about Austrian economics, but the wiki article
       | about its "malinvestment" concept [1] sounds like it's talking
       | about us:
       | 
       | > In Austrian business cycle theory, malinvestments are badly
       | allocated business investments due to artificially low cost of
       | credit and an unsustainable increase in money supply. Central
       | banks are often blamed for causing malinvestments, such as the
       | dot-com bubble and the United States housing bubble. Austrian
       | economists such as the Swedish central bank's Nobel Memorial
       | Prize in Economic Sciences laureate F. A. Hayek advocate the idea
       | that malinvestment occurs due to the combination of fractional
       | reserve banking and artificially low interest rates misleading
       | relative price signals which eventually necessitate a corrective
       | contraction - a boom followed by a bust.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malinvestment
        
       | tibbydudeza wrote:
       | So Sam Bankman-Fried is the new Adam Neuman. Seems he decamped to
       | the Bahamas - is there an extradition treaty with the US ???.
        
         | jerrycruncher wrote:
         | SBF is more like the reverse Neumann.
         | 
         | Neumann went into WeWork's endgame looking like a fool, and
         | emerged from it a rich wizard.
        
       | nullc wrote:
       | > $16 billion of dollar liabilities and assets consisting mostly
       | of some magic beans that you invented yourself and acquired for
       | zero dollars? WHAT? Never mind the valuation of the beans; where
       | did the money go?
       | 
       | Exactly. This is the first time I've seen the media asking the
       | right questions.
       | 
       | The answer probably is in part that most of it never existed to
       | begin with-- those 'customer' liabilities probably include the
       | probably fictional billions in arb gains SBF claimed to have and
       | some amount of magic beans deposited by related entities.
       | 
       | E.g. Deposit $1 billion magic beancoins you essentially made up
       | (or a friend made up), then trade them for "Bitcoin perpetuals"
       | (levered paper bitcoins) with FTX itself acting as the
       | counterparty. Now the 'customer' is owed $1bn in bitcoin on FTX's
       | books and ftx is long a billion in magic beans.
       | 
       | Then get your friends in the media to write glowing stories about
       | FTX's meteoric rise and some suckers come in, deposit real
       | bitcoin, invest money from real pension funds, etc. and the
       | 'customer' can then withdraw some of their paper bitcoins. ... at
       | least until the exchange runs out of anything except magic beans
       | and someone forgets to set the switch to 'more magic'.
       | 
       | > FTX worked fine: People liked its technology, and it seems to
       | have made money.
       | 
       | Well, the people who deposited there liked the 8% APY they gave
       | people simply for depositing funds. Prudent people saw that
       | obvious ponzi scheme marker and stayed the hell away!
        
         | dibt wrote:
         | > where did the money go?
         | 
         | Isn't it obvious? It was paid to customers and others that took
         | the money or equivalent dollar amount in assets off the
         | exchange. Either to a bank, another exchange, on-chain self-
         | custody, political donations, salaries, stadium naming rights,
         | Sam's "make it all back" scheme, etc.
         | 
         | Matt is smart, so maybe he knows, and the question is
         | rhetorical.
        
           | nullc wrote:
           | It's not rhetorical: The known donations, naming rights, etc.
           | don't remotely add up to the amount of liabilities.
           | 
           | If their balance sheet was full of some external asset that
           | had lost a ton of value you could say, okay customer
           | deposited Bitcoin and FTX used it to buy whatevercoin and
           | whatever coin lost 96% of its value. The money went to the
           | people selling whatevercoin.
           | 
           | But in this case it's a mystery-- their balance sheet is full
           | of magic beans but most of them are magic beans ftx and crew
           | appear to have printed from nothing, not magic beans they
           | would have had to buy on the market.
           | 
           | So customers deposited real money, a bit was spent on
           | donations/etc. And FTX created some magic beans-- so where
           | did the money go?
           | 
           | And my conjecture was just that a big chunk of the
           | liabilities are also fake too-- the result of magic beans
           | being deposited by 'customers' (really FTX insiders) and
           | traded for paper bitcoin ('perpetuals').
        
             | drexlspivey wrote:
             | I think it's fairly clear what happened:
             | 
             | Customers deposited $8B you mark $8B of cash as assets and
             | $8B of customer claims as liabilities.
             | 
             | You send that cash to Alameda *off the books* because
             | otherwise you will raise some alarms in internal
             | procedures. Now your assets and liabilities don't match
             | anymore.
             | 
             | You want to do some accounting because you are about to go
             | bankrupt, you now end up with a $8B hole that you mark as
             | "Hidden poorly internally labeled account"
        
         | esoterica wrote:
         | I think you're confused about what a liability is. If the
         | liabilities were fake FTX would not be insolvent. Their problem
         | is that their liabilities are real but their assets are fake.
        
           | nullc wrote:
           | You might want to consider adopting a less condescending
           | communication style in accordance with HN policy-- it would
           | make it easier for both of us to learn something.
           | 
           | I think I adequately described a credible sequence of
           | operations, but your dismissive reply has made it impossible
           | for me to tell which parts weren't communicated effectively.
           | 
           | The central unanswered question is "where did the real money
           | go?": Those ftx related magic beans were constructed for
           | ~free. The balance sheet makes it look like billions of
           | Bitcoin are owed, so where did they go?
           | 
           | The idea that FTX didn't _pay_ for the magic beans is just an
           | assumption, but it 's not necessary. They could have paid a
           | related entity for them using the paper bitcoin traded on the
           | site.
           | 
           | I'm suggesting that related entities such as Alameda research
           | and SBF personally deposited magic means and traded them for
           | Bitcoin "perpetuals", with FTX awarding them paper Bitcoins.
           | This creates a bitcoin liability on FTX's balance sheets even
           | though no billions of dollars ever existed.
           | 
           | Some amount of actual valuable assets were deposited, then
           | withdrawn by people who traded magic beans for FTX bitcoin
           | liability (and/or were awarded bitcoin through FTX's 8%/yr
           | yield program on customer deposits) -- leaving FTX with a
           | balance sheet full of huge Bitcoin liabilities.
           | 
           | In that scenario one could go back through the transaction
           | records and unwind some of these magic bean trades and make
           | FTX _less_ insolvent, but they 'd still be insolvent because
           | of the real assets that were withdrawn by parties that only
           | brought magic beans into the picture, as well as FTX's
           | spending, donations, bills for their designer amphetamines
           | and cleanup services for their orgies, and other "business
           | expenses" typical of their industry.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | Forgive the repetition (I've mentioned this on other threads
       | about FTX and their balance sheets) but this doesn't seem to be
       | widely reported or known for some reason:
       | 
       | 1. FTX had no CFO [1]; and
       | 
       | 2. Their accounting firm is on the Metaverse [2].
       | 
       | (1) is particularly shocking because its normally the CFO's
       | experience and reputation that gives investors and customers
       | confidence in published numbers (yes, there's that awkward trust
       | element against that seems to be an anathema to Crypto Andys).
       | Even if it's not a regulatory requirement, I"m honestly shocked
       | that the investors (Sequoia, etc) didn't insist on an adult in
       | the room so they could trust the financials.
       | 
       | Horrible for the customers. No sympathy for the investors. A
       | giant fail by the financial press for not highlighting this issue
       | earlier as it's a definite red flag.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.ledgerinsights.com/ftx-warning-signs-no-cfo/
       | 
       | [2]: https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/11/11/meet-the-
       | metave...
        
         | nemo44x wrote:
         | It's even funnier and crazier than "Silicon Valley". I mean,
         | c'mon - the auditor was the first Metaverse financial auditing
         | company?! It's just so amazing and hilarious.
        
       | xg15 wrote:
       | - invent a currency.
       | 
       | - mint one token and sell it to your friend for $1.
       | 
       | - make a tweet saying that supply of your currency will be capped
       | at 1 billion tokens.
       | 
       | - you now own $999.999.999 in assets!
       | 
       | Analysts hate this one weird trick!
        
       | c7b wrote:
       | > It's an Excel file full of the howling of ghosts and the
       | shrieking of tortured souls.
       | 
       | I wish I had Matt Levine's eloquence to put this madness into
       | words. Great analysis and I just want to add a small thing: while
       | a balance sheet _looks_ like a simple listing of assets and
       | liabilities, that 's not how you go about constructing one. Your
       | financial statements are the result of a sequence of double-entry
       | bookeeping statements, and the balance sheet is one particular
       | _view_ on the data processed by this formalism. There is no way
       | assets couldn 't add up to liability plus equity, no matter the
       | market fluctuations, valuation uncertainty,... (your numbers
       | might be out of date/incorrect, but they would still be
       | internally consistent). The resulting checksum mechanism is an
       | interesting aspect why double-entry bookeeping was such a useful
       | tool for merchants on busy, dirty, buzzing medieval markets.
       | 
       | FTX, on the other hand, looks more like a mechanism for
       | funnelling cash to who knows where - that's the big question that
       | Matt correctly points out: where did all the money go? There's no
       | way you can spend $16bn on meth and yachts and mansions in the
       | Bahamas in the space of a few years.
        
         | thinkharderdev wrote:
         | From the article my bet would be that they basically vaporized
         | all the money bailing out bad trades at Alameda.
        
           | c7b wrote:
           | Maybe, but it might be worth following the money a bit
           | further (especially on the later transactions). Was the money
           | at Alameda really just lost on bad trades, or which accounts
           | did it end up in eventually?
           | 
           | I read somewhere else that the portfolio of Alameda contained
           | over 400 companies that looked like little more than a
           | Twitter profile with a handful of followers. It's not hard to
           | imagine that the people behind those 'firms' were the same or
           | related to those who are now saying 'whoopsies, they looked
           | like such good trades back then, my bad'.
        
       | jb12 wrote:
       | Matt Levine consistently puts out such good content. His
       | newsletter is absolutely worth subscribing to.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | He wrote a whole issue of _Bloomberg Businessweek_ boosting
         | crypto recently that was not up to his usual standard and was
         | worse than the usual _Businessweek_ standards of layout and
         | typography.
         | 
         | It seemed something a year out of sync, aimed to get 'greater
         | fools' to take a second look at crypto, completely divorced
         | from the headlines a week ago and a week hence.
        
           | legitster wrote:
           | ???
           | 
           | The Bloomberg crypto issue was great! What were your specific
           | problems with it?
           | 
           | I read it cover to cover and didn't get a single sense of it
           | "boosting" crypto. If anything, it was really in depth and
           | skeptical.
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | It's not news. Anybody who doesn't know how Bitcoin works
             | in 2022 is never going to understand how Bitcoin works and
             | they need clear messaging such as "No" or "Nothing more to
             | see here, move on folks." My guess is that the real
             | audience is blockchain enthusiasts who crave validation and
             | will squee on it so much that they'll buy 50 reprints.
             | 
             | Why doesn't Bloomberg take an issue and reprint the first
             | few chapters of _Extraordinary Popular Delusions_ and add a
             | paragraph about each of the 20 times that people said
             | "it's different this time" and it wasn't? That wouldn't be
             | news but it would be timeless wisdom that would serve
             | readers well.
        
               | legitster wrote:
               | Ummmm. I think for the typical readership of Bloomberg -
               | guys in their 50s looking for cool places to park some
               | extra cash - a five page explainer on how smart contracts
               | work with some editorializing about how they will
               | probably never work as promised is kind of the perfect
               | inoculation against hype.
               | 
               | If people are curious about crypto, and their only
               | sources of information are polemic, that seems much, much
               | worse for everyone.
        
           | nocoiner wrote:
           | If you felt that way about that issue, never ever look up the
           | other single-topic issue they put out a decade or so ago
           | about code and programming. The design of that one would
           | probably make your head explode.
        
           | danielodievich wrote:
           | I just finished reading this article and I absolutely loved
           | it. The layout with meme pictures was an excellent use of
           | that format, especially in context of all this crypto non-
           | ponzi-sense. Another friend of mine who doesn't know Matt was
           | very complimentary of it (in fact he gave me the paper
           | article). My wife is reading it now and enjoying it too!
           | 
           | There is no accounting for taste.
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | Memes are where neurotypicals and autists can both pretend
             | that they are communicating when actually they aren't.
        
           | thinkharderdev wrote:
           | I read that article and I wouldn't characterize it as
           | "boosting" crypto at all.
        
         | legitster wrote:
         | Never paywalled!
        
           | lokar wrote:
           | The email subscription is free
        
         | SnooSux wrote:
         | Link: https://www.bloomberg.com/account/newsletters/money-stuff
        
         | ProAm wrote:
         | Never subscribe to his newsletter, it's impossible to
         | unsubscribe when you want to. Literally have to filter it in my
         | mail to go to the trash as for the Bloomberg website won't let
         | me unsubscribe.
        
           | HDThoreaun wrote:
        
       | jpm_sd wrote:
       | "Its balance sheet consisted mostly of stuff it made up! Stuff it
       | made up! You can't do that! That's not how balance sheets work!
       | That's not how anything works!"
       | 
       | I'm picturing Matt Levine being carted away by nice men in white
       | coats after finishing this paragraph
        
         | bena wrote:
         | Now, I'm not a money scientist or anything, but I really feel
         | as if Sam Bankman-Fried could have picked up a book or two on
         | accounting or how to manage a balance sheet before proclaiming
         | himself a money genius.
        
           | cma wrote:
           | He says in the Sequoia hagiography he never would read a
           | book.
        
             | bena wrote:
             | Yes. Yes. That's the joke here. That the guy who decried
             | traditional forms of communicating information and styled
             | himself as some sort of nu-genius philanthropist was
             | hoisted by his own petard. That if he had even a fraction
             | of the intelligence he thought he had he would have
             | realized that he didn't have nearly the knowledge needed to
             | do what he claimed he would do.
             | 
             | His books are a mess because he had no idea of how to
             | organize them.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | Why do you think he would _want to_?
           | 
           | If he didn't want to be doing criminal things, he has plenty
           | of means and opportunity to do them non-criminally.
        
           | bewaretheirs wrote:
           | Unfortunately nobody has distilled accounting into a series
           | of six-paragraph blog posts.
           | 
           | (see https://lithub.com/crypto-nerd-sam-bankman-fried-who-
           | just-lo...)
           | 
           | "I'm very skeptical of books. I don't want to say no book is
           | ever worth reading, but I actually do believe something
           | pretty close to that," explains SBF. "I think, if you wrote a
           | book, you fucked up, and it should have been a six-paragraph
           | blog post."
        
             | baxtr wrote:
             | I think that's a bullshit quote. He actually said it but I
             | think he understood how to stir the pot: but being
             | eccentric and controversial.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | Guess he is saying his parents (both authors) fucked up in
             | more than the obvious way.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | As someone that has probably read less than 10 fictional
             | books in their life, I can see where he's coming from.
             | 
             | Like, I'm literate and basically read stuff all day. And I
             | can get through a textbook as a part of a course, but force
             | me to read a novel and by page 7 I'm falling asleep and
             | losing track of the characters.
             | 
             | I'm on the fence about borrowing/buying a book that was
             | based on a podcast series because I fear 90% of what it
             | covered was in the podcast.
        
           | swarnie wrote:
           | Why waste the time?
           | 
           | The scam clearly worked without all the effort.
        
         | bmitc wrote:
         | I made a comment elsewhere about the balance sheet. When I
         | looked at it, it indeed looked like something Sam Bankman-Fried
         | just typed into Excel on the weekend of their emergency
         | meeting.
         | 
         | How in the world is a balance sheet not a report that is
         | generated by a system, viewable by any executive? Did they not
         | have a CFO or any finance people or accountants?
        
           | robryan wrote:
           | I was thinking about this. A chartiable explaination would be
           | that individual companies in the group have proper balance
           | sheets but there was no nice collation of just the material
           | assets of the whole group.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | For many businesses, such a thing isn't really possible
             | anyway (without manually maintaining a bunch of excel
             | sheets for instance). A _lot_ of large important things are
             | done by a couple of folks poking and prodding and
             | spreadsheets, then making decisions.
        
           | insaneirish wrote:
           | > How in the world is a balance sheet not a report that is
           | generated by a system, viewable by any executive? Did they
           | not have a CFO or any finance people or accountants?
           | 
           | Depending on your line of business, this is actually not a
           | simple thing when you're trying to mark assets to market in a
           | meaningful way. When everything you own is liquid, it's one
           | thing. When things are less liquid, it's another. This is
           | true even of completely legitimate businesses.
        
             | bmitc wrote:
             | But isn't that basically the line of business of an
             | exchange and a trading firm, supposedly one specializing in
             | arbitrage? And despite its difficulty, which I can
             | understand, it still seems like something that should be a
             | bit more automated than the CEO typing them into a
             | spreadsheet a week before the company collapses and warning
             | readers of the "obvious" chance of typos.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | To be fair, it's quite common for them to be generated by
           | someone in finance and then distributed.
           | 
           | Of course, it also happens sometimes that they are cooked in
           | some specific way, and that is used to hide that fact.
        
           | ericd wrote:
           | You might be surprised at the percentage of the business
           | world that is run on spreadsheets.
        
             | bmitc wrote:
             | I'm not surprised by spreadsheets at all. They're extremely
             | powerful, and I know they're used heavily. But this was
             | clearly a document just basically made up by the CEO on the
             | spot.
        
           | EMM_386 wrote:
           | > Did they not have a CFO or any finance people or
           | accountants?
           | 
           | Perhaps not?
           | 
           | "If you take a look at the about FTX page, it shows six
           | senior team members: the CEO, the COO, two leaders on tech
           | and two on compliance and legal. Something is missing. For a
           | company managing billions of client funds, $16 billion
           | according to the Wall Street Journal (WSJ), is it not odd
           | that there is no Chief Financial Officer (CFO)?"
           | 
           | https://www.ledgerinsights.com/ftx-warning-signs-no-cfo/
        
         | baxtr wrote:
         | Anything but I fear. For Levine these kind of stories are pure
         | fun to dissect.
         | 
         | I can wholeheartedly recommend his Newsletter. Not the first
         | one being so funny.
        
       | spaceman_2020 wrote:
       | What boggles my mind is how they lost it all. They should have
       | been sitting on 1000x gains. Their Solana stake alone would have
       | been worth billions.
        
         | dordoka wrote:
         | Yeah, exactly. I reckon they didn't lose it. That money was
         | sent somewhere else and they "covered" it up with their own
         | issued/invented tokens at ridiculous real cost. It would seem
         | plausible to think that they used Alameda as a proxy for the
         | real destination of all that money.
        
           | drcode wrote:
           | The recent crypto downturn has been unrelenting and deep:
           | It's totally plausible they just thought they were the kind
           | of geniuses who could spot the bottom of the market and
           | quickly bled through all the money
           | 
           | but yeah, it's also possible the money just ended up at a
           | third unknown entity
        
             | dordoka wrote:
             | I agree, i wouldn't be surprised either if they were just
             | morons believing they were geniuses
        
             | jsemrau wrote:
             | Trading is easy if everything goes up. The moment in time
             | you are stomaching 90%+ losses your operating capital
             | quickly disappears.
        
         | acchow wrote:
         | This is satire, right?
        
       | brookst wrote:
       | Is it wrong that I want the crypto and NFT and GME and other
       | insane bullshit to continue just so we are blessed with more of
       | Matt Levine!s writing? Damn that guy is talented.
       | 
       | So HN please go invent more multi-billion-dollar insanity that is
       | too crazy to even be called a scam, because the world needs more
       | of this great writing.
        
       | mongol wrote:
       | So what will happen? Will we see criminal charges and prison
       | times?
        
       | skizm wrote:
       | > FTX shot its customer money into some still-unexplained reaches
       | of the astral plane and was like "well we do have $5 billion of
       | this Serum token we made up, that's something?" No it isn't!
       | 
       | The upcoming series of FTX articles will be better than the Elon
       | saga I think.
        
       | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
       | Recommendation: If you've been following or interested in the FTX
       | scandal at all, read this whole brilliant post beginning to end.
       | Not only is the writing in Matt Levine's hilarious style (I
       | second all the other comments related to this!) it is also
       | incredibly informative as to the mechanics of all the WTFs that
       | actually went down. For example, I've been following this fairly
       | closely but I didn't really have a good understanding of how
       | Serum/SRM played a role, and Levine outlines this clearly.
       | 
       | Really great piece, thanks for posting.
        
         | silexia wrote:
         | I would say Levine's proposed scenarios for how the money was
         | stolen are generous... he comes up with all sorts of scenarios
         | that make SBF and friends not sound like what they actually are
         | - fraudsters.
        
           | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
           | Really?? That's not the impression I got at all. Statements
           | like "The result of adding or subtracting those numbers with
           | ordinary numbers is not a number; it is prison" doesn't
           | exactly sound like he's being generous to SBF.
        
       | rowls66 wrote:
       | Most financial companies have large balance sheets, a small
       | amount of equity that is highly leveraged, and asset values based
       | on many assumptions. If the assumptions change, a business can go
       | from everything is great to insolvent really fast. That is why
       | such businesses are highly regulated. With crypto we see why this
       | regulation is so important.
        
       | rossdavidh wrote:
       | That youngsters in a new, unregulated and often scammy industry
       | could do this, is not at all surprising. That lots of old people
       | with billions of dollars gave them money to lose, is what needs
       | explaining here.
        
         | fullshark wrote:
         | Explanation: Greed, FOMO, and a lack of better opportunities.
         | From that Sequoia profile I guess they were also just so
         | enchanted by some global arbitrage trade SBF did, exploiting
         | arbitrage being every banker's fantasy scenario.
        
       | ricardou wrote:
       | Time and time again it seems like the people involved in the
       | crypto industry are speedrunning through dynamics that are now
       | either clearly understood as a failing strategy, or outright
       | illegal. Another such example here.
        
       | nostromo wrote:
       | Does Sequoia do literally no due diligence on the companies they
       | invest in?
       | 
       | This wasn't seed capital, this was $213mm. And it wasn't just a
       | bet that didn't turn out, it was fraudulent at its core.
        
         | enraged_camel wrote:
         | The piece Sequoia had on their website about SBF, which they
         | have since removed, described a meeting they had with SBF, and
         | at the end of the meeting they walked over to him and found him
         | playing League of Legends on his laptop. For some reason, this
         | made them think even more highly of him.
        
           | sandgiant wrote:
           | > What Sequoia was reacting to was the scale of SBF's vision.
           | It wasn't a story about how we might use fintech in the
           | future, or crypto, or a new kind of bank. It was a vision
           | about the future of money itself--with a total addressable
           | market of every person on the entire planet.
           | 
           | > "I sit ten feet from him, and I walked over, thinking, Oh,
           | shit, that was really good," remembers Arora. "And it turns
           | out that that fucker was playing League of Legends through
           | the entire meeting."
           | 
           | > "We were incredibly impressed," Bailhe says. "It was one of
           | those your-hair-is-blown-back type of meetings."
           | 
           | https://web.archive.org/web/20221027180943/https://www.sequo.
           | ..
        
           | Tossrock wrote:
           | Playing League of Legends... in Bronze league:
           | https://archive.ph/gW721
        
         | themanmaran wrote:
         | Echoing this question. I worked in smallcap investment banking
         | for several years. My bank wouldn't speak to you if you didn't
         | have 2-3 years of _Audited_ financials (note: not  'Reviewed'
         | or a 'Compilation'). Often we would request an additional audit
         | if we didn't recognize the firm that did the prior auditing.
         | 
         | All for a valuation range of $200MM - $500MM.
         | 
         | Meanwhile a hastily compiled excel sheet seems to satisfy the
         | largest VC's in the market? Billion dollar valuations based on
         | totally unsubstantiated numbers?
         | 
         | Audit's are expensive (like $30-$80k). But surely better than
         | losing $200MM on hot air.
        
           | erostrate wrote:
           | It's worse than that. That spreadsheet was created _after_
           | FTX became insolvent. When Sequoia invested, they probably
           | didn 't even have something as good as that terrible
           | spreadsheet.
           | 
           | Or more charitably, Sequoia presented with something more
           | professional looking, but completely incorrect.
        
       | BrentOzar wrote:
       | > The result of adding or subtracting those numbers with ordinary
       | numbers is not a number; it is prison.
       | 
       | Haven't laughed that hard in a while.
        
         | mike10921 wrote:
         | I missed that line while skimming the article, but that is
         | exactly what was going through my mind. It is mind-boggling how
         | this can exist on such a grand scale without any scrutiny.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | The big question: Where did the somewhere between US$4 billion
         | and $16 billion that went to Alameda Research go? It seems that
         | FTX transferred most of their assets to Alameda Research, which
         | either lost, stole, or hid them. Has Caroline Ellison, the CEO,
         | been questioned yet?
        
           | moralestapia wrote:
           | My bet would be that they stole them.
           | 
           | Before someone tries to Hanlon's razor this, these guys were
           | not stupid, they can pretend to be but they come from very
           | competitive backgrounds, they knew what was going on.
           | 
           | They're going to jail.
        
           | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
           | I wonder how Alameda's VC investors and backers are doing?
        
         | klenwell wrote:
         | Did anyone else see the FTX fortune cookies?
         | 
         | https://mobile.twitter.com/klenwell/status/15921781646752522...
        
           | wgd wrote:
           | I remember getting those once a couple of months ago. It was
           | so indescribably disappointing. I had never heard of FTX
           | before that because I don't care about crypto-BS, but I feel
           | like everything happening to FTX lately is a suitable
           | punishment for inflicting those on the world and so I'm just
           | sitting here with the metaphorical popcorn.
        
             | wl wrote:
             | Sadly, OpenFortune still exists and will happily insert
             | some other company's ad into your fortune cookie.
        
           | mzs wrote:
           | I really disliked those. I had this fun routine where I would
           | let my dogs pick a fortune cookie and then read the fortune
           | to him or her before giving the cookie to the dog as a treat.
           | One time Sky got, "you will live a long life and eat many
           | cookies." I about cried.
           | 
           | These, blegh took all the fun out of it and I just stopped
           | getting Chinese take-out.
        
         | lukemercado wrote:
         | This whole article is a beauty.
         | 
         | > FTX worked fine: People liked its technology, and it seems to
         | have made money. The problem was in its balance sheet, which
         | was full of snakes, and its governance, which put all the
         | snakes there.
         | 
         | Fucking lol.
        
         | dweekly wrote:
         | Matt Levine is a national treasure.
        
           | guelo wrote:
           | The journalism I'm impressed by is coindesk's. They broke
           | this story and have been all over it.
        
           | JTon wrote:
           | I happened to catch the Odd Lots podcast episode where Matt
           | Levine and SBF of FTX were co-guests soon after it first came
           | out [1]. Matt's reactions were priceless. Well worth the
           | listen now, considering FTX blowup
           | 
           | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZYqL79GDXU
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Levine has said that he was a _fan_ of SBF based on that
             | podcast, btw. Someone posted about it earlier today.
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33594284
             | 
             | I think people would do well to remember that Levine's job
             | is _NOT_ to do your due diligence for you; he 's an
             | entertainer.
        
               | dwohnitmok wrote:
               | The point about being an entertainer is a good one.
               | Nonetheless, after reading that I came out with more
               | respect for Levine. With FTX in shambles, it would've
               | been easy to go with the flow and lean into how he
               | predicted the whole thing with his Ponzi question, but
               | Levine instead honestly comes out and says that he
               | actually liked SBF more after that interview.
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | > he's an entertainer
               | 
               | That is a gross cynical misrepresentation.
               | 
               | He appears to me to be a financial geek, interested in
               | the mechanics of finance for its own sake, and who finds
               | comedy (often dark comedy) in the mechanics of our
               | financial systems.
               | 
               | Philosophically, we can't be 100% sure of his motivations
               | to publish his insights, but everything of his that I
               | have read points to the reason primarily being that he
               | finds it fascinating, a nearly purposeless academic joy.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | There's nothing wrong with being an entertainer, it's
               | just something to keep in mind.
               | 
               | In other words, don't make major financial decisions
               | based on Levine _not_ saying it is a good or bad idea.
        
             | HDThoreaun wrote:
             | I really don't think anyone was confused about yield
             | farming being a Ponzi. Everyone who was in it just thought
             | they'd get out before it blew up. Not really related to FTX
             | blowing up.
        
               | noelsusman wrote:
               | This distinction keeps getting lost in all this.
               | Exchanges like Celsius and Voyager were pretty explicit
               | about the fact that they were taking your crypto and
               | lending it out to people to generate yield. Anyone with a
               | brain should have realized that involved some risk of
               | losing your assets, especially when you compare their
               | rates to what was available elsewhere at the time. Those
               | exchanges blowing up because of bad loans was entirely
               | foreseeable and not surprising.
               | 
               | But that's not why FTX blew up. They went down seemingly
               | due to straight up fraud and/or theft. FTX users had no
               | indication that FTX was doing anything other than holding
               | their assets and collecting transaction fees. They're
               | completely different situations.
        
           | rabf wrote:
           | Good to see a well researched accurate article on this
           | compared to some of the hit pieces floating around from other
           | "journalists".
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | It'd have been more impressive if the article had preceded
             | the collapse.
             | 
             | Easy to pile on after the fact.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | I wonder if there was anyone who knew this and knew
               | enough to force knowledge on everyone. Binance's FTT-USDT
               | linear perp would have minted if you knew and could
               | advertise that to the world. And considering the amount
               | you could have minted, you could have backed account hard
               | with hella USDT. For that kind of information, no way
               | you're getting it for free.
               | 
               | You're going to get that as late as possible after
               | someone has sold hella FTT-USDT perps and stood enough
               | USDT there to survive funding fee for a few weeks.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | How about (much) earlier this year? Matt Levine, in a
               | podcast with SBF:
               | 
               | > Matt: (27:13) I think of myself as like a fairly
               | cynical person. And that was so much more cynical than
               | how I would've described farming. You're just like, well,
               | I'm in the Ponzi business and it's pretty good.
               | 
               | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-25/sam-
               | bankm...
        
               | HDThoreaun wrote:
               | He also said he was even more bullish on FTX and SBF
               | after the podcast that quote came from
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Yes, I read the article where Matt Levine explicitly
               | mentions that he missed this.
        
               | jerf wrote:
               | There's that famous quote about the tide going out and
               | seeing who isn't actually wearing swim suits. I think a
               | similar thing applies to all the financial chicanery that
               | has been in play in this 0% interest rate environment. In
               | reality, while the financial system is irreducibly
               | complicated in some important ways, there's also an
               | important sense in which the entire thing is really built
               | on just some simple primitives. Basically, the financial
               | system can move risk spatially and temporally, and charge
               | a fee for the activity. That's really all it can do. I
               | think from the proper point of view it can't really even
               | do that primitive without at least some net increase in
               | risk, though I admit defending that mathematically would
               | be a challenge. (For now we could just start with the
               | proposition that if there was an easy way to simply
               | reduce overall risk, it would have already been taken, so
               | all in all there can't be very many such things just
               | lying around. And they've been building a _lot_ of things
               | on this primitive, so it 's not a hard guess that there's
               | a lot more use of the primitive than there could possibly
               | be opportunities for such uses to result in true net
               | reduction in risk, whatever exactly that may mean... I
               | know I'm handwaving here.)
               | 
               | If you think about it mathematically, it's important to
               | understand that no amount of concatenation of the
               | primitive of "moving around risk" can do anything more
               | than that. And, _in particular_ , no amount of
               | concatenation of things that leave net risk either the
               | same or somewhat greater can ever end up _reducing_ the
               | amount of risk in the system.
               | 
               | However, each such composed operation introduces a place
               | for someone to misprice the risk, especially as the risk
               | is communicated across lossy channels, let alone channels
               | with a certain amount of incentive to misrepresent the
               | risk to the buyers on the other end. So while no amount
               | of combination of those primitives can ever reduce risk
               | overall, it sure is full of opportunities to convince
               | people the risk has been reduced, and for them to take
               | various actions based on that. Combine that with one of
               | the most popular operations being to take a nice risk
               | gradient that gradually ramps up from "high probability
               | of small bad event" to "low probability of big bad event"
               | and shoving all the risk into "super low probability of
               | total utter unrecoverable catastrophe", and the whole
               | thing is just destined to explode hopelessly.
               | 
               | And yet... perhaps some readers are saying _well, duh,
               | jerf, how else could it be_ , I would say to you I'm
               | firmly middle aged now, but those castles based on
               | financial engineering have been floating in the sky _my
               | entire adult life_ now, even counting the so-called
               | "crises" I've seen. And to the naked eye, those castles
               | have gotten bigger, higher, nicer, and more numerous the
               | entire time. It takes... something... some pretty big
               | cajones to stare up at those things that have been
               | floating in the sky for so long and saying "they can't
               | possibly do that forever". Especially when you may well
               | have bankrupted yourself seven times over trying to trade
               | on that presumption, even if it is in fact true in some
               | abstract sense.
               | 
               | The financial system is rapidly simplifying. It's going
               | to be a painful process for quite a lot of people. A lot
               | of people who think they are on solid ground are going to
               | discover they've been herded onto the flying castles
               | without realizing it. It will, if nothing else, be very
               | educational I suppose.
        
               | chewz wrote:
               | Marc Cohodes had spoken to Bloomberg Crypto staff about
               | his suspicions of FTX - they were not interested in
               | following. It had been months ago.
        
               | NoboruWataya wrote:
               | These people are in the business of market commentary,
               | not market predictions. That said, Levine has been very
               | critical of crypto (and very entertaining about it) for a
               | long time now.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | EMM_386 wrote:
           | I only wish he had gone into the "compliance officer was also
           | previously involved in massive online poker scams".
           | 
           | Maybe the next one!
        
             | guynamedloren wrote:
             | Marc Cohodes has been sounding the alarm about FTX for a
             | while. Here's a snippet (from last month, before the FTX
             | crash) where he calls out the shady background of said
             | compliance officer:
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/VbDiWXFxqr8?t=2348
             | 
             | The whole conversation is fascinating.
        
         | function_seven wrote:
         | > _If you try to calculate the equity of a balance sheet with
         | an entry for HIDDEN POORLY INTERNALLY LABELED ACCOUNT,
         | Microsoft Clippy will appear before you in the flesh, bloodshot
         | and staggering, with a knife in his little paper-clip hand,
         | saying "just what do you think you're doing Dave?" You cannot
         | apply ordinary arithmetic to numbers in a cell labeled "HIDDEN
         | POORLY INTERNALLY LABELED ACCOUNT." The result of adding or
         | subtracting those numbers with ordinary numbers is not a
         | number; it is prison._
         | 
         | I had this full quote on my clipboard. It's a masterpiece. 3
         | Cuil (!?).
        
       | stephc_int13 wrote:
       | I wonder how the people at Sequoia feels now. I'd like to see the
       | comments of people who lost money in this fiasco here.
       | 
       | The HN crowd is generally hostile to crypto scams, but there are
       | likely exceptions.
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | I'm a crypto moderate, if such a thing exists. Given the
         | vitriol that I see here re:crypto (and the fact that pretty
         | much every thread on crypto has to get dang chiming in to
         | remind people to be civil & adhere to guidelines), there is
         | little chance that actual "crypto evangelists" are going to be
         | commenting here.
         | 
         | Even a comment like this one will get aggressively downvoted in
         | the current climate.
        
           | jfghi wrote:
           | Given that it's a scam affecting many, vitriol is quite
           | appropriate. However, I've mostly seen objective reality
           | mislabeled as vitriol.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | I trust the moderators of this site to know vitriol when
             | they see it.
             | 
             | Honestly, all you need to see is dang's comment history [0]
             | to see the proportionate amount of time they have to spend
             | moderating crypto comments.
             | 
             | [0]:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/posts?id=dang&next=33563869
        
           | Semaphor wrote:
           | Mostly agreed, though there certainly are done evangelists,
           | just few and rarely high quality
        
           | wyldfire wrote:
           | I feel like I am slowly changing my mind about cryptocoins.
           | It always seemed so powerful. Bitcoin's exchange rate may
           | fluctuate but it has value and is nearly indestructible. You
           | could complain that it's overvalued but it's not at all a
           | ponzi scheme. Unfortunately, it seems like the only utility
           | that has arrived is for the black market. A bajillion new
           | coins have been created, some of which also have real value
           | and purport to improve on bitcoin. But here we are in 2022
           | and while I can see some cryptocoin ATMs in supermarkets, I
           | doubt they're used for much beyond paying ransoms.
           | 
           | Even if we move the most important/useful coins off of proof-
           | of-work +, I think governments around the world may move to
           | outlaw cryptocoins. At which point whatever modest legitimate
           | utility that existed will be eliminated and only the black
           | market will remain.
           | 
           | + this seems difficult or impossible for bitcoin until/unless
           | it forks to something that looks completely unlike bitcoin.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | What is "black-market" is socially constructed and
             | dependent on where you are resided.
             | 
             | Crypto has massive uses in evading capital controls in
             | countries that have traditionally had trouble managing
             | their own currencies, like the Turkish Lira or the Naira.
             | In these countries, it is often illegal to hold substantial
             | sums of dollars and not safe to hold these sums on your
             | person.
             | 
             | These are "black market" uses from the perspective of the
             | Nigerian or Turkish government, but immensely valuable to
             | the user - and from my American perspective, probably a
             | positive use case.
        
         | burkaman wrote:
         | The people at Sequoia did not lose money. They are fine, and
         | their investors are probably fine. The people who lost money
         | were actual FTX users, who probably trusted FTX in part because
         | it was so well-marketed and endorsed by so many "trustworthy"
         | organizations like Sequoia.
        
           | drexlspivey wrote:
           | What? They bought shares in a company that went to zero, they
           | lost all the money. The only way their investment is worth
           | anything is if every single FTX customer gets their money
           | back because in a liquidation lenders get paid first before
           | equity investors.
        
             | burkaman wrote:
             | Yes, but the actual people involved, the employees of
             | Sequoia, did not lose anything. I guess the word "lose" is
             | ambiguous here, but I mean that they will not be personally
             | affected by this failure.
        
           | stephc_int13 wrote:
           | Well, they might consider renaming their fund going forward.
           | 
           | https://www.newcomer.co/p/sequoias-bad-year-just-got-much-
           | wo...
        
           | stephc_int13 wrote:
           | I am not worried about the financials of Sequoia, but I think
           | this could be a big stain on their reputation.
           | 
           | They've been spectacularly wrong and lazy on this one.
        
         | nullc wrote:
         | SBF was well liked by much of the Bitcoin haters because he
         | pushed many of the same sentiments. It not for the fact that
         | this implosion has also dragged the Bitcoin price somewhat too
         | you would be hearing much gloating. (well, you're probably
         | hearing gloating anyways because thats how social media works.
         | :) ).
        
           | def_true_false wrote:
           | It seems that being EA adjacent is not a good proxy for
           | competence nor trustworthiness. No one could have predicted
           | this. /s
           | 
           | I wonder what portion of bag holders in this round were part
           | of the cohort that hasn't seen a crypto winter yet.
        
         | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
         | As I said elsewhere. Sequoia needs to be thoroughly
         | investigated and charged for their crimes if found.
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | This has all the echos of Enron and Arthur Anderson. I know
           | Sequoia isn't an auditing firm but the warning flags and
           | misses on their part are so extraordinary it wouldn't
           | surprise me to find out there's people at Sequoia who were in
           | on it.
        
       | akelly wrote:
       | > Where did all the money go?
       | 
       | One theory is that the crypto quant funds figured out how to
       | exploit the Alameda FTX market maker starting in 2020-2021 to
       | take tons of money from Alameda. But FTX couldn't just turn off
       | the Alameda market maker because most of the FTX trading volume,
       | and therefore FTX revenue, was these crypto quant funds taking
       | money from Alameda. So if they turned off the Alameda money
       | spigot then their revenue would drop off a cliff and they
       | wouldn't be able to raise more money from Sequoia or the UAE. And
       | the value of FTT was tied to the trading volume and was a huge
       | portion of their assets, so if volume fell they would be
       | insolvent.
       | 
       | Basically they turned customer deposits into revenue at pennies
       | on the dollar.
        
         | smsm42 wrote:
         | That answers the question who got those 16 billions, at least.
        
         | felixbraun wrote:
         | And then Luna happened, sealing their fate
        
         | lend000 wrote:
         | This doesn't make much sense to me. I think the problem is that
         | arbitrage just dried up (as it does in a maturing market), and
         | SBF got high on his own farts and started making directional
         | bets. This is clear from the amount of FTT tokens that were
         | held by Alameda in comparison to the amount of assets a typical
         | market maker would hold relative to a pair's liquidity.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | caiomassan wrote:
         | well, he is the 6th highest donor for the democratic party.
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | Yep, SBF was 6th on the list of largest 2022 donors by
           | donating exclusively to Democrats. Guess who's 14th on that
           | same list donating exclusively to Republicans:
           | 
           | https://www.opensecrets.org/outside-spending/top_donors
           | 
           | That's right, Ryan Salame - CoCEO of FTX. Trying to make this
           | into a partisan thing is silly.
        
       | thinkharderdev wrote:
       | Holy crap this is so much worse than I could have imagined....
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/4LlX8
        
       | impulser_ wrote:
       | One thing I learned from this FTX situation is that VC firms are
       | horrible at their job.
       | 
       | How does one of the world's largest VC firms, Sequoia, with 90b
       | dollars in assets not do simple due diligence on their
       | investments.
       | 
       | Do VC firms not do background check on executives, or look at
       | financial statements of the company they put their money in?
        
       | bhk wrote:
       | FTX's problems were nothing that a government bailout couldn't
       | solve.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Recent and related:
       | 
       |  _FTX balance sheet, revealed_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33577437 - Nov 2022 (286
       | comments)
       | 
       | (too many other FTXen to make a generic list)
        
       | smsm42 wrote:
       | It is incredible that each time I read new article on FTX I think
       | "well, that tops everything I've seen so far in supposedly legit
       | financial companies" and each next day I learn something that
       | totally leaves the previous one in the dust. Turns out they
       | didn't just used customers' money for risky investment as I
       | thought, they actually pretended that illiquid token they
       | themselves invented is a good asset to cover liabilities for
       | customers' money! And they actually sent balance sheet with this
       | to the investors trying to entice them to invest in this. No
       | wonder Binance run away at the first look of it.
        
         | grey-area wrote:
         | Binance does the same, as do Bitfinex and Tether and pretty
         | much the entire cryptocurrency ecosystem.
        
           | sbierwagen wrote:
           | Coindesk says they don't.
           | 
           | There's a pretty solid 90% chance that every exchange with a
           | stablecoin is going to blow up, but I'd only guess a 30%
           | chance of Coindesk going under.
        
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