[HN Gopher] VHS-Decode - Software defined VHS decoder
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       VHS-Decode - Software defined VHS decoder
        
       Author : muterad_murilax
       Score  : 173 points
       Date   : 2022-12-11 12:07 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (github.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (github.com)
        
       | crispyambulance wrote:
       | I find this stuff really interesting. It reminds me of another
       | project where someone developed an optical scanner to capture the
       | shapes of vinyl record tracks (without making physical contact,
       | of course). The idea was then to "play-back" the record by
       | simulating a needle responding to the tracks in an ideal way and
       | then simulate the needle's transducer and finally the turntable
       | pre-amplifier.
       | 
       | I see this project still uses an actual VHS head. I wonder if, in
       | the future, folks will try to capture magnetic tape signal by
       | using something like a hard drive head scanning over the top of
       | the tape but not touching it? This could potentially retrieve
       | signal badly damaged, unplayable tapes-- lay out a segment of
       | tape on flat surface, scan it, repeat, until entire tape has been
       | scanned.
        
         | anfractuosity wrote:
         | I assume this is the project you mean? -
         | https://ofersp.github.io/digital_needle/ it's a shame there
         | doesn't seem to be sourcecode. Very cool though.
         | 
         | You can also get laser turntables -
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_turntable which look
         | intriguing
         | 
         | I'm rather curious about these microscopes -
         | https://matesy.de/en/products/magnetic-field-visualization/m...
         | which can visualise magnetic fields, they're very expensive
         | though.
        
           | userbinator wrote:
           | If I remember correctly, laser turntables were not popular
           | because they also reproduced all the fine dust on the surface
           | of the disk.
        
             | iforgotpassword wrote:
             | Yep. Every tiny dust particle makes an audible pop, while
             | an actual stylus would've just pushed it out of the groove.
        
               | interestica wrote:
               | So laser turntable needs a leading 'dust plow' ?
        
       | h2odragon wrote:
       | Tangential but cool: in 1998 there were commercial, 50GB data VHS
       | tapes.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-VHS
       | 
       | about a decade after that someone asked me for help reading a
       | crate of these tapes that had been flooded then stored in a shed
       | for several years. Couldn't help them at all but it was an
       | amusing diversion figuring out what the hell they had.
        
         | Bluecobra wrote:
         | There was also a hokey VHS tape backup card for the PC around
         | the same time that used standard VHS tapes:
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/TUS0Zv2APjU
        
         | greggarious wrote:
         | There's a store in Pittsburgh that does this for people as a
         | paid service.
         | 
         | OP's project is cool but it's my understanding the specialized
         | hardware is the big barrier to doing this at home, for most
         | folks, especially if you don't want the tapes routed through a
         | third party for the same reason people invented the polaroid so
         | you don't have to send everything to the Ritz as the mall.
        
         | jinto36 wrote:
         | There are other weird VHS-based formats, such as WVHS, which
         | was used to store HD-ish analog video on VHS-
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-VHS
         | 
         | Alesis also developed an 8-track digital audio recorder based
         | on VHS, ADAT, which used SVHS tapes and could record 20-bit
         | 48khz. ADAT was pretty popular in smaller studios, and was
         | great for the time before multi-gigabyte hard drives.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADAT
        
           | Hackbraten wrote:
           | Also, ADAT has been immortalized in the first verse of the
           | lyrics in The Prodigy's _Diesel Power_ [1].
           | 
           | [1]: https://genius.com/The-prodigy-diesel-power-lyrics
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | Very cool. This could have been an excellent backup medium in a
         | different timeline.
        
           | esrauch wrote:
           | Tape is a backup medium in this timeline though, just not
           | exactly vhs form factor.
        
             | nuxi wrote:
             | VHS was also used for backups, see e.g.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArVid.
             | 
             | And - if I remember correcly - GRAU and/or StorageTek
             | robotic tape libraries also had support for VHS devices.
        
           | matheusmoreira wrote:
           | Magnetic tape is an excellent backup method even today. LTO
           | cartridges already have tens of terabytes of capacity. The
           | problem is there are no consumer tape drives, only expensive
           | enterprise models.
        
             | apaprocki wrote:
             | Well, there used to be. The early QIC drives that hooked up
             | to a FDC connector like the 3.5" were pretty ubiquitous in
             | the prosumer world. They eventually transitioned to better
             | tapes/standards, but all worked well and even Windows
             | eventually had native support (via Microsoft Backup). I
             | restored my files off of these tapes 25 years after
             | recording them, so I'm grateful they existed at the right
             | moment in time when drives and floppies would have
             | otherwise failed me. I naively assumed in modern times LTO
             | must be dirt cheap due to decades of competition, but it
             | never came to be.
        
               | userbinator wrote:
               | LTO is expensive because it's enterprise-oriented, and
               | despite the O in the name meaning "open", seems actually
               | a proprietary standard since you can't just go to their
               | site and download the specs.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | It would be great if someone could blog about the reverse
             | engineering of such a tape drive here.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | It was. I remember people doing it.
        
             | actionfromafar wrote:
             | DVHS?
        
         | drmpeg wrote:
         | Linus Tech Tips just did a video on D-VHS.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=papQ8xQxizA
         | 
         | When I was at LSI Logic, I developed the IEEE1394 interface for
         | the second generation JVC D-VHS decks (the HM-DH40000U and HM-
         | DH5U). I worked directly with engineers in Japan and I used to
         | get them to bring me copies of the Japanese ham radio magazine
         | "CQ ham radio" when they would come to visit us in Milpitas. I
         | can't read Japanese, but it's just a wonderful magazine about
         | 300 pages thick (like the old Byte magazine).
         | 
         | https://www.w6rz.net/IMG_0103.jpg
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | I think of how most of the established ham radio brands are
           | Japanese like that ICOM on the cover.
        
           | h2odragon wrote:
           | Very cool! Thank you for sharing that.
           | 
           | When I was hunting information for that client; I found a
           | deck and interface card on ebay for some fairly trivial
           | amount, $200 or so. I was really tempted to grab it just for
           | the "neat weird gear" pile but couldn't justify it. The tapes
           | they wanted read had been submerged for some days and were
           | crusty. The media _might_ have been recoverable but it would
           | have meant pulling it out and putting the tape into new
           | cartridges.
           | 
           | Am I correct in remembering that standard VHS tapes were
           | usable in these drives?
        
           | xattt wrote:
           | Just want you to know that those particular DVHS decks were
           | an object of desire for a geeky teenager wanting the latest
           | and greatest!
           | 
           | I had no practical use for them as my family didn't have an
           | HDTV for a few more years, nor lived in an country where 1394
           | was enabled by default on cable boxes. However, the very idea
           | of having a MPEG TS captured on a commodity tape was alluring
           | in being able to have a perfect copy of whatever was on TV.
        
       | rwmj wrote:
       | Really nice! In case anyone was wondering, this is for capturing
       | and decoding the raw VHS RF signal from special test points on
       | your VHS recorder. Some hardware hacking is required:
       | https://github.com/oyvindln/vhs-decode/wiki/Hardware-Install...
       | 
       | By the way, great Japanese docudrama about the making of VHS with
       | Toshiyuki Nishida and Ken Watanabe:
       | https://rarefilmm.com/2020/05/hi-wa-mata-noboru-2002/
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | If you are familiar with TBC or Time Base Corrector, you can
         | think of this program as an offline non linear time base
         | corrector with a LOT of options. Also because it takes the VHS
         | data as early after tape capture as possible, a lot of
         | components in the VHS player are bypassed and implemented by
         | superior software.
        
           | pmarreck wrote:
           | combine this with some ML-powered artifact correction and
           | perhaps a bit of upscaling and you might invent the best VHS
           | digitizer available
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | You definitely want to tee the process before you start
             | doing any ML artifact correction to make sure that it
             | actually is an improvement.
        
       | lathiat wrote:
       | I wonder if this could be used to better decode tapes with some
       | degradation and artefacting.
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | Absolutely. While a tape player may drop out and struggle to
         | recover, this software stands a much better chance of
         | deciphering.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | This may be a viable path to fixing up really old recordings
           | as well, those tend to have a lot of noise and pops /
           | crackles in them.
        
       | lightedman wrote:
       | I wonder if this could be helpful in finally making an emulator
       | of the Action Maxx console system, which used VCR tapes for
       | content.
        
         | gattilorenz wrote:
         | I'm not familiar with the Action Max, but the Wikipedia page
         | links to this emulator:
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20110405205335/http://www.jaeger...
        
       | boboche wrote:
       | too bad the first and best capture option costs several hundred
       | of dollars otherwise this would be epic. Now its just awesome ;)
        
         | gattilorenz wrote:
         | The easiest supported option seems to be this:
         | https://a.aliexpress.com/_mrd5cMK
        
           | mod50ack wrote:
           | Yes, which you still need to add to a VHS player.
        
       | aidenn0 wrote:
       | This uses high speed ADCs to capture the signal. Anyone know the
       | bandwidth of VHS? If it's narrow enough, using a much cheaper SDR
       | could be an option.
       | 
       | The usage of a DC blocking capacitor implies it's not baseband.
        
         | rasz wrote:
         | much cheaper than $30 25MHz 16bit/50MHz 8bit cards they are
         | using?
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | First item in readme was much more expensive than that
        
         | TylerE wrote:
         | ~5.5mhz split 3.4m luminance 400khz chroma / 1.7mhz stereo fm
         | audio
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | Yeah that's too wide for say an RTL SDR
        
       | tomphoolery wrote:
       | has anyone told Technology Connections about this??
        
       | Sporktacular wrote:
       | What is it about OSS project webpages and burying any layman's
       | explanation or context.
       | 
       | It's like they've been knee-deep in it so long, surrounded by
       | fellow geeks they just assume everyone should know what they're
       | talking about.
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | They owe you nothing, so if you want to figure something out,
         | searching the web is your best chance.
         | 
         | Also, how is it not clear what the project is? First thing I
         | see from the submission link:
         | 
         | > Software defined VHS decoder
         | 
         | > A fork of LD-Decode, the decoding software powering the
         | Domesday86 Project
         | 
         | Which links to https://github.com/happycube/ld-decode and
         | https://www.domesday86.com/
         | 
         | > Software defined LaserDisc decoder
         | 
         | and
         | 
         | > Domesday86 is a project that aims to recreate the experience
         | of the original BBC Domesday project using modern hardware and
         | software
         | 
         | Which leads me to searching what BBC Domesday is, as I didn't
         | know:
         | 
         | > The BBC Domesday Project was a partnership between Acorn
         | Computers, Philips, Logica, and the BBC to mark the 900th
         | anniversary of the original Domesday Book, an 11th-century
         | census of England. It has been cited as an example of digital
         | obsolescence on account of the physical medium used for data
         | storage.
         | 
         | Not sure why everything has to be made for/explained as it's
         | made for literally everyone. Some software is for a niche
         | section of programmers/developers/$niche-group, that's
         | perfectly fine. If you're curious, use a search engine like the
         | rest of us.
        
           | funstuff007 wrote:
           | > They owe you nothing, so if you want to figure something
           | out, searching the web is your best chance.
           | 
           | Of course that's true, but most OSS devs would prefer broader
           | usage to narrower usage.
        
           | Sporktacular wrote:
           | Commercial software owes me nothing either.
           | 
           | So, to understand it, I should know what CVBS is and click on
           | links to other projects. Which I did:
           | 
           | Apparently LD-Decode is a Software defined LaserDisc decoder.
           | Great. It also buries its basic purpose in further links.
           | 
           | As for Domesday86 Project, its About page is about project
           | members, privacy policy and general disclaimers. And it's
           | just weird that you think "The BBC Domesday Project was a
           | partnership between Acorn Computers, Philips, Logica, and the
           | BBC to mark the 900th anniversary of the original Domesday
           | Book, an 11th-century census of England. It has been cited as
           | an example of digital obsolescence on account of the physical
           | medium used for data storage." is a good description of
           | whatever it is.
           | 
           | I have an electronics degree and I struggled to get this
           | basic info, so imagine how bewildering this would be to a
           | less technical audience. It doesn't need to be this way. OSS
           | can do so much for people, if only the slightest effort can
           | be made to let them in and indulge their curiosity.
           | 
           | Also, before you respond with an explanation of why jargon is
           | good, consider the reason you didn't boot up your computer
           | with a careful sequence of toggle switch positions, is
           | because someone before you was kind enough to make the
           | technology accessible, even to snarky YC commenters.
        
           | joemi wrote:
           | Things don't need to be explained from base principles or
           | anything like that and as you mentioned they're not beholden
           | to anyone, but explaining to a bit broader of an audience
           | than one's particular niche is still generally a good idea.
           | It makes it easier for people not-in-the-niche-but-somewhat-
           | close to be able to understand/evaluate things. It could be a
           | project that's relevant to this near-to-the-niche person, but
           | without somewhat broader explanation, they'd miss it.
           | 
           | Another good idea (that no one is obligated to do) for
           | project descriptions/overviews is to give a brief mention of
           | why. For instance, it would have been nice if the readme for
           | this project mentioned the purpose being "To bypass all non-
           | essential hardware, and process it all in software directly
           | for an affordable and simple way to create a true 1:1
           | archival copy of analogue tape mediums." It wasn't too hard
           | for me to dig a bit into the project wiki to find that out
           | and piece it together, but I'm used to doing so, specifically
           | because so many readmes tend to not do it themselves.
           | 
           | Finally, you've said "they owe you nothing" and I've also
           | noted the lack of obligation, but while technically/legally
           | true, there are still some expectations and unofficial
           | obligations to varying degrees when releasing open source
           | software. Generally, the more useful/interesting the software
           | is, the more expectations and unofficial obligations there
           | are. Take for instance any software that has a benevolent
           | dictator for life (BDFL) scenario. That term on its own has
           | expectations of benevolence built-in. There are expectations
           | that they'll guide the project in good directions, that
           | they'll ensure bugs get fixed, and to some degree that the
           | community will have some input on things even though the BDFL
           | makes the final call. More generally on most projects, there
           | are expectations that bugs will get fixed, pull requests
           | considered/merged when appropriate, documentation will be
           | provided, and so on. It's hard (perhaps impossible) to have a
           | successful open source project that does not do these kinds
           | of things, so in a real-world practical sense, there _are_
           | obligations in open source projects, if you want any kind of
           | success for the project.
        
       | ThinkBeat wrote:
       | Can I use this to defeat Macrovision copy protection on old VHS
       | movies?
        
         | jccalhoun wrote:
         | This would be super overkill. There are tons of ways to get
         | around macrovision.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Yes. Macrovision works by interfering with primitive auto-gain
         | circuits. This would easily defeat it.
         | 
         | You can also ignore macrovision if you have an older deck with
         | manual gain.
        
       | EGreg wrote:
       | Can we have AI remove the artifacts from VHS after it is
       | digitized?
       | 
       | Anything exists like this available ONLINE?
        
         | rasz wrote:
         | no, but we can have AI hallucinate alternative "pretty looking"
         | version
        
       | Lindalee51 wrote:
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | In terms of physical construction, I believe early 90s VCRs were
       | the best. Late enough to have most of the reliability issues
       | worked out, and before cost-saving became a priority. That said,
       | perhaps the last designs (late 2000s?) are also alright because
       | they were simplified to reduce assembly cost, but may be more
       | fragile too.
        
       | capableweb wrote:
       | Slightly off-topic, but bit related:
       | 
       | I'm about to start a project for digitalizing a bunch of
       | recordings from a 1990s Sony Handycam for a film project run by a
       | friend of mine. The quality doesn't have to be perfect, but I
       | want to ensure I don't risk degrading the "tapes" themselves.
       | Anyone know of any hardware that is up for the task? Doesn't have
       | to be professional quality, but of course I want good results.
       | 
       | Just about to start the project so haven't had time yet to look
       | into what hardware I need yet, maybe people here have good ideas,
       | you usually do :)
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | The big problem with old tape is that it tends to stick. Try
         | winding it manually for a short stretch to see if the tape is
         | still loose and if it isn't then you probably should contact
         | someone with more expertise to get the tape to be unstuck
         | before putting it in a machine. Stuck tape also tends to break
         | very easily.
        
         | jccalhoun wrote:
         | assuming the camera has rca out jacks, you can get a rca to
         | hdmi adapter box for less than $20. If you computer doesn't
         | have hdmi capture they also make rca to usb boxes as well (I
         | don't think the cables from rca to usb without a chip in it
         | will work but I might be wrong). Then OBS can record it
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | If the tapes are really degraded, state of the art is to
         | digitize them _once_ and do that run as good as possible.
         | 
         | Stuck tapes sometimes are stuck because of moisture. In that
         | case, the tapes are "baked" at a certain temperature to get the
         | moisture out. If the tapes are in really bad condition, you get
         | only one chance to capture what's on them, but the flip side is
         | that one run can be of pretty high quality.
         | 
         | Edit: if your tapes are DV or Digital-8, get a camera with
         | firewire out.
         | 
         | If your tapes are Hi8 analog, get a digital-8 camera which can
         | play analog tapes with firewire out. You won't get a better
         | quality without going the VHS-Decode way.
         | 
         | If none of that is an option, get a decent composite to HDMI
         | converter, than capture the HDMI from that into a PC with a
         | HDMI ripper.
         | 
         | Or one of those "HDMI to SD card" rippers floating around.
        
         | Gordonjcp wrote:
         | Sony Handycam implies possibly Video 8 or Hi8 tapes.
         | 
         | If you can get hold of a Digital8 deck that works (and well)
         | then you can hook that to your PC with a FireWire card, and do
         | a direct digital capture of analogue tapes. The DSP in the D8
         | deck will do an excellent job of decoding, far better than an
         | analogue deck, and you'll get a really clean output without all
         | the "convert down/convert up/convert back down" thing you get
         | using composite jacks.
         | 
         | You'll need to convert the raw DV files into something suitable
         | for editing and distributing, but I guess - since you're on
         | here - you already know about ffmpeg.
         | 
         | Here's an example of a very old - 2000/2001 or so! - tape that
         | I had lying around in a box in the shed for the past 20 years.
         | I shot it with a hand-held Sony Video 8 camcorder when some
         | power station chimneys were being demolished near where I
         | worked. This would (of course) be the day I forgot to throw a
         | tripod in the car, "Oh I don't need to pack that, I've got one
         | in the workshop, I'll leave mine at home..."
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZPmCygZIjio
         | 
         | It was a pretty grey and drizzly day, as I recall. I could have
         | got the colours up a bit in editing but I didn't feel like it,
         | and this is pretty much how it came off the quite-badly-damaged
         | tape.
        
         | haunter wrote:
         | I went with a lazy way to digitalize old VHS/VHS-C tapes.
         | Bought a Panasonic DMR-EX99V [0] which is a DVD/HDD/VHS/TV
         | tuner combo in one. That was the last model Panasonic made and
         | it also has an HDMI output. So basically I recorded all the VHS
         | to the internal HDD > then just moved them to the PC through
         | the DVD recorder. It has a USB port but unfortunately you can't
         | access the raw recorded files on the HDD that's why the DVD >
         | PC step is needed. I'm not an expert probably someone could
         | hack it to gain access... Anyways it was one of the better
         | purchases I've made. Works perfectly and so far no problems at
         | all. And it just works hence why I said lazy at the beginning,
         | simple system with good quality.
         | 
         | 0, https://m.media-
         | amazon.com/images/I/71mbsPXPhzL._AC_SL1500_....
        
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