[HN Gopher] Geodesic domes made simple
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Geodesic domes made simple
        
       Author : mooreds
       Score  : 156 points
       Date   : 2022-12-16 13:08 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (buildwithhubs.co.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (buildwithhubs.co.uk)
        
       | calebm wrote:
       | Anyone know if these would work for hammocks (I wonder with
       | wood). A friend of mine builds domes with metal, and I know
       | people hang hammocks in them (which is a great system for giving
       | a good number of people a place to sit or sleep). His dome
       | website is here: https://www.edgedomes.com
        
       | bilsbie wrote:
       | How do you install the windows in this?
        
         | hklgny wrote:
         | If they're being really fancy, they'll create rough-ins for
         | real windows embedded into the frame. But more commonly they'll
         | just punch a hole in the exterior cloth and replace it with
         | clear plastic. Here's some example photos if you're interested
         | https://pacificdomes.com/domes-media-gallery/dome-homes-gall...
        
         | FigmentEngine wrote:
         | linux only i am afraid
        
           | labria wrote:
           | I'm sure NetBSD will be ported soon enough, if not yet...
        
       | beefman wrote:
       | Reminds me of the Starplate system. I lived in a Starplate dome
       | for a few months in the late '90s.
       | 
       | https://www.strombergschickens.com/blog/starplate-building-s...
        
         | deepsun wrote:
         | Looks even cooler, more space inside to stand.
        
       | Communitivity wrote:
       | Interesting idea. Something that made me pause was to see that
       | each edge was attached via a single screw. People who know more
       | about construction than me (majority of the world), isn't this a
       | problem if you want a sturdy design?
        
         | RobotToaster wrote:
         | Also you're never really supposed to screw into end grain, it
         | has half the strength of a normal screw joint.
        
           | a9h74j wrote:
           | Half-full or half-empty in this case?
           | 
           | For end-grain I find estimates of 75% stength on average
           | expecting considerable variation joint-to-joint, assuming
           | proper pilot holes have been drilled. If the hold scales with
           | the diameter of the screw, then a larger screw might
           | compensate.
           | 
           | The square of the wood's specific gravity might dominate
           | differences:
           | 
           | https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/wood-screws-allowable-
           | wit...
           | 
           | Also, what is the pull-resistance on the snap joints
           | themselves?
        
         | traverseda wrote:
         | Using a single screw turns that screw into a pivot point. For
         | geodesic domes though the wood being able to pivot is not
         | really a problem.
        
           | jonathankoren wrote:
           | Maybe not for the skeleton, but it's certainly a problem for
           | the outer shell
        
         | btbuildem wrote:
         | Especially given that the screw is going into end-grain. That
         | is a very weak joint, you could pull the screw out with pliers.
        
           | foobarian wrote:
           | It doesn't look like there are any pull forces in a dome so I
           | wouldn't be concerned. Mainly there seems to be shear forces
           | which could be a problem if the wood splits.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | I don't know. Going into end grain I would want something
           | with deep threads like a lag bolt. Given enough length
           | (threads) it could be pretty solid.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | penneyd wrote:
       | Is it possible (feasable) to create a geodesic dome on a hill or
       | do you need a flat surface to make it work?
        
         | otikik wrote:
         | Yes it is possible.
         | 
         | Main difference is that on a flat surface the dome weight is
         | distributed across the base "automatically". If you just "copy-
         | paste the default flat-terrain dome" on a sloped terrain, the
         | bottom vertices might end up supporting more weight than the
         | top ones. This might be ok for small/temporary domes. For
         | something bigger/more permanent, you might want to "cut the
         | sphere" in such a way that the weight distribution is as
         | uniform as possible.
         | 
         | Also keep in mind that even on a flat surface geodesic domes a
         | foundation - for example so that they don't fly away when
         | there's strong wind. This would go double in sloped terrain.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | You can do it on a hill. Draw one up, of your choice, and you
         | will find that in some geometries, there are nearly straight
         | arcs other than the equator. So you can remove portions, so
         | long as you support the remaining intersections appropriately.
         | 
         | (Note that I'm not an architect, but neither was Buckminster
         | Fuller).
        
       | benzofuran wrote:
       | Anybody seen similar hardware out of aluminum or coated steel or
       | stainless that's also readily USA-available? Machining these
       | could be done on a small lathe and single-sided CNC...
        
         | otikik wrote:
         | You might want to try the Wranglerflange (I have not tried this
         | myself)
         | 
         | https://thewangerflangecompany.bigcartel.com
        
         | somehnacct3757 wrote:
         | I don't know about the metal portion of your question, but I
         | ordered from the OP site just fine with a US shipping address
        
       | leashless wrote:
       | _much_ simpler: https://morganengel.com/nearodesic-polyhedron-
       | hexayurt-dome-...
       | 
       | No hubs, it's all 4x8 sheeting and long straight cuts. This one
       | was taped together, but it could be plywood and screws as easily.
        
         | otikik wrote:
         | > The structure's use of tape makes it far from permanent. If
         | you wanted to make this structure something more permanent-one
         | man mentioned a hunting cabin in the snow-I'd definitely look
         | into something more hardware-based. Something that used
         | hinges/washers/bolts or the like to provide a lot more strength
         | at the junctions
        
       | rdtwo wrote:
       | I don't really understand the geodome fascination. They aren't
       | very space efficient structures because of all the low hight
       | space at the perimeter that's difficult to use.
        
         | a9h74j wrote:
         | Seems like a reason to combine with knee-walls or posts, to
         | make curved space be more overhead.
         | 
         | Indeed, their gallery shows a good fraction of examples doing
         | so.
         | 
         | https://buildwithhubs.co.uk/gallery.html
        
         | foobarian wrote:
         | My problem is the covering. A more linear structure is a lot
         | neater to cover with a tarp or clear plastic (say, for building
         | a greenhouse).
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | snapetom wrote:
         | I toured three in open houses while house hunting and
         | considered putting in offers. While they can be interesting and
         | pretty cool, you are spot on. They really are quite space
         | inefficient.
         | 
         | They feel nowhere near as big as their square footage listing.
         | Our target square footage of 2500-3000 square feet required an
         | equivalent of 4000 geodesic. The smallest one was 2700 and it
         | felt downright tiny. Their round nature makes room partitioning
         | awkward and unless you purposefully put ceilings on rooms at
         | the top level, you're going to have situations where the master
         | bedroom opens up to the kitchen via the roof.
        
         | bilsbie wrote:
         | You could put storage in the low places.
        
         | 0_____0 wrote:
         | As someone who has constructed a couple, I can attest that they
         | can be a pain in the ass. They do get more efficient as you
         | build larger ones, and they can pack down quite well (the
         | covering for a soft shell dome is usually larger than the
         | structure components). They are also wickedly strong once set
         | up.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | Looks like a fun project but also illustrates why geodesic domes
       | never caught on as a standard construction type: nodes/hubs or
       | whatever you want to call them are a problem. Most standard
       | construction joints have 90 or 45 degree angles, not the complex
       | geometry found at a geodesic node. While initial construction is
       | not that bad, maintenance and replacement over time (particularly
       | with wooden structures) would be very difficult. All-steel
       | construction of nodes and interconnecting beams, wih careful
       | rust-resistant treatment, might be more viable, but that likely
       | increases costs quite a bit.
        
         | carapace wrote:
         | They caught on for covering large areas (stadiums, aircraft
         | hangars, etc.) but they don't really make sense on what you
         | might call the "human scale", roughly 3 to 10 meters, say. At
         | human scale wood and metal are strong and light enough that you
         | don't really need geodesic designs. (Wood and metal are
         | geodesic already, just at small scale, eh?)
         | 
         | - - - -
         | 
         | A slight tangent, but check out the demo carbon-fiber strut
         | work here: https://dragonplate.com/carbon-fiber-truss
         | 
         | > The truss measures 8 feet long, 16 inches high with a depth
         | of 12 inches. This is just one of many structures that could be
         | easily built using our square tubes and gussets. Weighing in at
         | just 14lbs., the truss is light enough for a six year old child
         | to lift and carry!
         | 
         | They show that: a cute kid holding it up, no problem. Then they
         | load it up.
         | 
         | > ...we loaded it with 35 80lb. bags of concrete mixture,
         | totaling a whopping weight of 2800 lbs.! Again, we saw no signs
         | of weakness or flexing. We would have put on more bags, but we
         | just couldn't stack them any higher!
         | 
         | We could cover whole cities with domes...
        
           | photochemsyn wrote:
           | Those trusses look very solid. One back-burner research
           | project of mine is synthesizing carbon fiber using
           | atmospheric CO2 as the feedstock, it's fairly involved but
           | plausible.
        
             | carapace wrote:
             | That sounds good!
        
         | soperj wrote:
         | > maintenance and replacement over time
         | 
         | How much maintenance do you do on the wood in your current
         | house?
        
           | jonathankoren wrote:
           | Fair point in abstract, but geodesic dome houses are
           | notorious for leaking. Case in point, Bucky's house in
           | Carbondale
           | 
           | https://fullerdomehome.com/
        
       | douchescript wrote:
       | I have one of their kits. Pretty nice kit and fun to build.
        
       | traverseda wrote:
       | I think they need to release a 3D printable version. 3D printing
       | is going to be more expensive and more fragile than injection
       | molding, but being able to print a replacement ball connector or
       | the like is one way this can become a lot more resilient, other
       | than having multiple manufacturers. If they want to become
       | something like a standard then having a work around for that kind
       | of supply chain issue is important, I think.
       | 
       | EDIT: They do appear to make "simplified" 3D models available for
       | download from their hub-part-specs pdf. I suspect with a high
       | layer height like 0.3mm you could print replacements. I
       | understand why they don't advertise this though.
       | 
       | https://buildwithhubs.co.uk/downloads/hubs-part-specs.pdf
       | 
       | https://buildwithhubs.co.uk/downloads/hubs-cad-models.zip
        
         | graeber_28927 wrote:
         | Rather I think they should release a metal only version. I
         | don't trust plastic to live a long and prosperous life in
         | outside conditions, those are not where plastic shines.
         | 
         | As for 3D printing, I guess ABS could work (PLA can melt or
         | become soft in the sun), but I can't imagine a hobbist grade
         | printer producing a part that is comparably strong. The option
         | would still be nice, though. Maybe you just need a prop for the
         | theater, where weather is a non-issue, and being able to
         | replace parts quickly is more important than longevity.
        
           | CarVac wrote:
           | PETG is a better choice for outdoor use than PLA or ABS.
        
           | traverseda wrote:
           | You can definitely print strong enough parts, most 3D printer
           | slicing software is optimized to reduce material cost not to
           | create strong parts. Increasing the number of walls is a good
           | place to start.
        
         | malfist wrote:
         | You want thermoplastics sitting out in the sun being part of
         | the structural system of a building? That seems like a recipe
         | for a building collapse.
        
           | traverseda wrote:
           | I think the term "building" is a bit of a stretch. Mostly the
           | geodesic domes seem to be used as small greenhouses, and
           | don't have enough weight that even a sudden collapse would
           | really damage the occupants. The manual suggest that the
           | maximum weight for the whole structure should be about 60kg.
           | I'm not really concerned that these things aren't meeting
           | fire code either, you know? You can just pick a wall and tear
           | through it in almost all the examples I've seen in the
           | gallery.
           | 
           | That being said the glass transition point of ABS plastic is
           | 105'c, a little over boiling. I'm not worried about ABS from
           | a thermoplastic perspective, although I am worried about
           | long-term UV performance. I'd also be worried about thermal
           | cycles and plants/mold as most 3D printed ABS will take on
           | water.
           | 
           | I think you'd get a few years out of an ABS plastic component
           | in these circumstances, more if you resin coat it or use
           | acetone vapor smoothing, and start with a filament that has
           | good UV resistance.
           | 
           | Either way I expect 3D printed components to be more
           | expensive and otherwise worse than one manufactured by this
           | company, but being able to repair stuff like this if you need
           | to is important and it's not like you can just go to the
           | hardware store and get a replacement one of these hubs.
        
             | chucksta wrote:
             | Everyone always seems to overlook you can just paint the
             | parts for UV protection
        
               | traverseda wrote:
               | I'm not sure how that would interact with the mating
               | surfaces in this particular design, I suppose you could
               | paint it after it's already in place though.
        
           | ehnto wrote:
           | There are entry-level consumer filaments that would withstand
           | the UV and heat requirements for outdoor use, such as PETG
           | which is UV stable and as strong as ABS.
           | 
           | By entry-level I mean able to be printed on the everymans
           | Ender 3, <$300 printer with little expertise. There are of
           | course dozens of exotic filaments you can print on a slightly
           | more advanced machine and even that can be done for pretty
           | cheap, <$500 perhaps if you have the expertise to upgrade an
           | Ender and tune it properly.
           | 
           | The benefit injection molding has over printing in this case,
           | is these parts might want to be redesigned to reduce sheering
           | at the layer lines on the peg things.
        
             | malfist wrote:
             | UV stability is only one aspect. What happens when you
             | build a greenhouse out of these and the temps reach high
             | enough to deform these? How long do you think the structure
             | will stay stable with or without UV paint?
             | 
             | I've had a greenhouse melt nursery pots left in it and
             | they're made out of polypropylene, which has a glass temp
             | 50C higher than ABS.
        
               | traverseda wrote:
               | The inside of your greenhouse is reaching ~150 degrees
               | celsius? Why aren't your plants boiling? Is it just a
               | color thing?
               | 
               | EDIT: the glass transition point of PP is -25C, vs ABS's
               | 105c. I think you confused glass transition point with
               | melting point, they're very different things. I think
               | polypropylene will always be a bit soft, and will hold a
               | shape that it's deformed into, it it hold that shape long
               | enough.
        
       | greyk47 wrote:
       | I've definitely been drawn into the mysterious gravitational pull
       | of geodesic domes. never built one, but as soon as I have a place
       | to build one, I plan on it. I've looked at a lot of different
       | ways to build one.
       | 
       | the trillium domes that someone shared is definitely the 'nicest'
       | version I've also seen loads of other 'hub' designs. personally I
       | think zip tie domes are really interesting, seem the cheapest:
       | https://www.ziptiedomes.com/geodesic-dome-hub-kits/index.htm
       | 
       | but seeing this just gave me an idea for a really simple hub
       | design that would potentially be more sturdy than these single
       | screw attached, plastic socket hubs.
       | 
       | what if the hub was simply a pentagonal puck of wood, and the
       | spokes are attached with hinges? the complicated part of building
       | domes is getting the angles right and using hinges mean you
       | really only have to get the distribution of spokes around the hub
       | right and the hinge will naturally fall into the correct angle?
       | anyone got any land I can try to build this on?
        
         | a9h74j wrote:
         | Or pocket-screws in place of hinges?
        
           | greyk47 wrote:
           | sure but then you have to calculate the angle between each
           | hub and spoke and cut the edges of the hub and boards to
           | allow for flush angles when you screw them together. the
           | whole idea behind the hinge is the angle will just naturally
           | fall into place as you're building the structure.
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | A guy making geodesic domes _without_ hubs came up on my YT
       | playlist recently. I went in skeptical, came away thinking this
       | is the way I would go .. uh, you know, when I finally build my
       | dome-abode.
       | 
       | If you have woodworking skills (and table-saw, chop-saw), it
       | looks like a no-brainer. For better or worse, the guy goes on a
       | long time about the template/jig he creates -- its utility become
       | obvious later when he begins to make the panels.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/Sl9fEp-27EM
        
         | a9h74j wrote:
         | Same for me with YT recommendations, but I had not watched yet.
         | Bevelled long-cuts and mitres to produce nice joinery. Finish
         | (stain) wood. Assemble pentagons and hexagons as units. Plans
         | and details at:
         | 
         | https://trilliumdomes.com/
        
         | joneholland wrote:
         | YouTube recommended this guy to me last week despite having
         | never been interested in a dome. It's truly odd how the
         | algorithm works.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | That's beautiful. I'm going to watch the whole video. My main
         | interest is the sealing problem between the individual panels
         | which seems to be an issue with almost any dome build except
         | for the inflatables.
         | 
         | I've built on with hubs and it worked ok, we used thin plastic
         | to cover it overlapping two panels on the horizontal seams but
         | that is rather wasteful in material and allows less light in.
        
           | bccdee wrote:
           | Seems like you could use a silicone caulk or something.
        
             | JKCalhoun wrote:
             | Even backer-rod compressed between the panels would help.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Yes, that's one possibility. One elegant way to do that
               | would be to route a groove in the cross members and then
               | to stick the seal in there. This still leaves a bit of a
               | problem with standing water in that groove and frost.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Sure, but it's a lot of seams, 100's of meters on even a
             | moderate size dome, they are very deep (typically about 2"
             | or 5 cm) and it add an enormous amount of work to setting
             | up a dome. It also means you can no longer take it apart.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dugmartin wrote:
         | I came here to recommend the same video. Its is a very
         | interesting design. I think an cool application would be to
         | build this first using semi-opaque greenhouse panels and then
         | building a cabin within the dome.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | I like that. It allows the interior cabin to be "open". The
           | Jetsons meet the Waltons.
        
       | DonHopkins wrote:
       | But I thought Hexagons were the Bestagons! ;)
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thOifuHs6eY
       | 
       | Hexagons, Pentagons, and Geodesic Domes
       | 
       | http://mathtourist.blogspot.com/2010/06/hexagons-pentagons-a...
       | 
       | Introduction to Hexagonal Geodesic Domes
       | 
       | https://www.hexdome.com/introduction/index.php
        
       | jacknews wrote:
       | Not meaning to poop on anyones parade, but 'stardomes' make more
       | sense at this scale IMHO, http://www.stardome.jp/index-en.html
        
         | Mountain_Skies wrote:
         | Reminds me of playground equipment of a similar design, though
         | I think that was a hemisphere design and may have used straight
         | pieces with bent connectors that connected in the star pattern.
        
         | UniverseHacker wrote:
         | That is amazing! A true example of inspiration by Fuller...
         | these people get it. Instead of writing yet another useless
         | "thinkpiece" about the limitations of Fullers ideas, they were
         | inspired to do even more with even less!
         | 
         | Edit: this idea could be easily executed with carbon tent poles
         | and a nice waterproofed canvas tarp over the top. A portable,
         | easy to build and durable DIY building more substantial than a
         | nylon tent.
        
         | otikik wrote:
         | I think curved lines like the stardomes' make sense and have
         | some very interesting advantages. The "hubs", which tend to
         | concentrate complexity and cost on "flat line doms", are
         | simplified, disappearing in some cases.
         | 
         | There's some disadvantages though. A flexible structure is not
         | always desirable. Bamboo (or an equivalent replacement) isn't
         | available everywhere. Also, flat-line domes are easier to cover
         | with flat inflexible materials like wood panels. In short: if
         | you have access to Home Depot and no access to bamboo, flats
         | might be easier for you to build.
        
         | red_trumpet wrote:
         | And they feature real geodesics[1]! I was a bit confused why
         | the geodesic dome has it's name.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesic?wprov=sfla1
        
         | el_nahual wrote:
         | The stardome reminds me of the Boyne Coracle, a small
         | rudderless raft made of willow and ox hide. Here's a video from
         | 1935 showing its construction:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCWFDMnKLyM
        
           | jacknews wrote:
           | Except the 'stardome' has some mathematical underpinning,
           | rather than being just 'wattle and daub' or 'skin on frame'
           | for domes, etc.
        
       | justinator wrote:
       | My art professor lived in a geodesic dome commune in the southern
       | Colorado. Also discovered aperiodic tiling before Penrose who
       | still sued him (and lost).
        
       | XOMDOM wrote:
       | I actually am building one of these but not from wood I purchased
       | a dome home kit from pacific domes one of the first company's to
       | develop the dome from its originators idea
        
       | DOMSWOOZ wrote:
       | I actually am building one of these but not from wood I purchased
       | a dome home kit from pacific domes one of the first company's to
       | develop the dome from its originators idea
        
       | liminal wrote:
       | These hubs look like they can greatly simplify geodesic dome
       | construction. Lots of people here are commenting on the longevity
       | of plastic or alternatives to geodesic domes, but I think that
       | misses the point. Nothing is perfect for every application, but
       | this looks perfect for getting a dome up quickly and easily.
        
         | teleforce wrote:
         | Several years back I was thinking about the ideal shape of
         | solar panels, and concluded that the best is the geodesic dome
         | shaped structure. This shape will have the optimum sunlight
         | exposure regardless of the location of the sun during the day.
        
           | bitxbitxbitcoin wrote:
           | Optimum sunlight exposure in terms of longest duration of
           | exposure but I don't think that would be the optimum in terms
           | of charge generated.
        
             | hedora wrote:
             | Things get interesting when you start minimizing the total
             | system cost of the solar panels + batteries. Household
             | power usage peaks at dusk and dawn.
             | 
             | In on extreme, you can either aim panels for optimal daily
             | production (minimizing panel count) and buy more batteries,
             | or aim extra panels at the horizon so that you don't have
             | to store as much electricity for peak times (minimizing
             | battery count).
             | 
             | In practice, something in between the two extremes probably
             | makes the most sense, though most installers err toward
             | minimizing panel count these days.
        
               | [deleted]
        
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