[HN Gopher] Binance's books are a black box, filings show, as it...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Binance's books are a black box, filings show, as it tries to rally
       confidence
        
       Author : joenathanone
       Score  : 251 points
       Date   : 2022-12-19 17:48 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | joenathanone wrote:
       | I think these Bitcoin exchanges need to be regulated the same way
       | banks are, or we are going to see a repeat of the early days of
       | banking where banks would disappear overnight along with people's
       | life savings.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > I think these Bitcoin exchanges need to be regulated the same
         | way banks are, or we are going to see a repeat of the early
         | days of banking where banks would disappear overnight along
         | with people's life savings.
         | 
         | What is the gift of predicting events that have already
         | occurred called?
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | > What is the gift of predicting events that have already
           | occurred called?
           | 
           | Retroactive precognition?
        
             | EamonnMR wrote:
             | Recognition
        
           | worik wrote:
           | > What is the gift of predicting events that have already
           | occurred called?
           | 
           | Learning from your mistakes.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Why use the future tense when you can use the past and the
         | present?
        
         | notRobot wrote:
         | We could even call it something else! Like, uh, cash!
        
           | _the_inflator wrote:
           | This is part of the fraud: Convert fiat into something
           | virtual, steal the virtual stuff, convert it back into money.
           | Rinse and repeat.
           | 
           | So everybody can say: Hey, it was crypto, not money.
        
           | kodah wrote:
           | Having something cash-like that's digital I think would be
           | good. Bitcoin ain't it though.
        
             | Aaronstotle wrote:
             | Monero does the job fairly well, the only issue is that the
             | floating exchange rate can make it difficult. A stable-coin
             | with Monero's properties would do well I think.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | A stable coin requires proof of who owns the actual
               | coins, so that the clubs can be redeemed for real
               | dollars. That would defeat the whole point of Monero.
               | There is no way to make an anonymous stable coin, as long
               | as owning and transferring dollars requires KYC and AML.
        
               | Kranar wrote:
               | Doesn't require it no. DAI is a stable coin that has held
               | its peg to USD for something like 5 years now and there's
               | no proof of ownership involved.
               | 
               | https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/multi-collateral-
               | dai/
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | twblalock wrote:
             | We already mostly have that.
             | 
             | Most of the US dollars that exist are already digital --
             | numbers in a bank account, only some of which is backed by
             | actual dollar bills. It is trivially easy to use them to
             | pay for things or transfer them to other accounts, and they
             | can easily be converted to/from paper money in reasonable
             | amounts.
             | 
             | What we have now is fine. I don't see any benefit to making
             | our existing currencies more "digital" than they are.
        
               | mypastself wrote:
               | The commenter you're responding to was specifically
               | talking about digital cash, not digital currency.
               | Properties of cash are distinct from other forms of money
               | in specific ways. "Ease" of conversion from one to the
               | other doesn't make them identical.
        
               | twblalock wrote:
               | I haven't yet seen anyone demonstrate a _meaningful_
               | distinction between  "digital currency" and "digital
               | cash" that actually matters for how people use money.
        
               | mypastself wrote:
               | Anonymity (or pseudonimity) is a key appeal of cash as
               | opposed to other forms of money. Combined with the ease
               | of use of digital payments, I can completely understand
               | the attraction that the original comment was referring
               | to.
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | The fact the SEC simultaneously insists it has the right to
         | regulate crypto AND refuses to do the basic, vanilla, widely
         | supported stuff like require brokers to segregate funds is
         | pretty damning.
        
           | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
           | How can they do that when these exchanges are based outside
           | the US (except for Coinbase)
        
             | joenathanone wrote:
             | Correct me if I am wrong, but as I understand it as long as
             | they do business in the US then they are accountable to US
             | laws/regulations.
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | Using the example of FTX, only FTX.us _officially_
               | operated in the US (and was supposedly run more like a
               | real bank), but there was always a  "wink, wink, nudge,
               | nudge" hint that if you want the _good stuff_ you should
               | go around the geoblocking and deal with FTX proper.
               | 
               | The other interesting element is that the most vocal
               | crypto backers, often for ideological reasons, _want_ to
               | deal with this completely unregulated system that crypto
               | has created. If the SEC had intervened before FTX
               | collapsed, I 'm sure you would hear cries of
               | "authoritarianism" and "fiat banks are scared" from the
               | usual suspects. Perhaps we should let these people have
               | what they want - consequences and all - and just limit
               | the ability to buy Super Bowl commercials in regulated
               | markets for unregulated products.
        
         | danaris wrote:
         | Correct me if I'm wrong, but haven't we _already_ seen a bunch
         | of cryptocurrency companies of various types do exactly that?
         | 
         | (It's possible none of them have been exchanges; I admit I only
         | pay peripheral attention to that sphere.)
        
           | artursapek wrote:
           | It literally just happened with FTX, which was off-shore
           | exchange that wouldn't have been under the jurisdiction of
           | American regulators.
           | 
           | Ironically, a lot of Americans were using VPNs to trade there
           | and lost their savings. Why? Because FTX.US is regulated so
           | heavily that it isn't as attractive of a product.
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > It's possible none of them have been exchanges
           | 
           | There have been exchanges, as far back as MtGox, and as
           | recently as FTX and FTX.US.
        
         | KrakenEng wrote:
         | Exchanges aren't banks and shouldn't act like banks. Banks are
         | allowed to take deposits and lend then out, ie they don't need
         | 100% reserves. Exchanges should be required to hold at least
         | 100% reserves.
         | 
         | FTX collapsed, in part, because they weren't maintaining
         | reserves. Instead they gambled with customer money.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | FTX collapsed, in part, because they were acting _like banks_
           | by lending out the funds they were entrusted with and
           | leveraging them.
        
       | LatteLazy wrote:
       | I mean... We already knew they were a black box. And anyone
       | keeping assets on-exchange this soon after FTX frankly only has
       | themselves to blame.
        
       | seydor wrote:
       | > The Reuters analysis
       | 
       | The "investigative" part is public data that any of us can view.
       | If there was something remarkable there, crypto bros would have
       | found it without waiting for reuters to "review" things.
       | 
       | Obviously since binance is not based in the US or EU, its users
       | don't expect the same level of transparency that banks have. If
       | reuters wanted more transparency maybe it should ask some country
       | to allow it to base itself there. But given that they have been
       | effectively on the run for most of their existence, it's not
       | strange that they are keeping their secrets to themselves. I
       | think reuters is trying to be sensational but none of the news it
       | reports are.
        
         | arcticbull wrote:
         | > If reuters wanted more transparency maybe it should ask some
         | country to allow it to base itself there.
         | 
         | They are welcome to base themselves in any jurisdiction however
         | they would rather not because they have no interest in
         | complying with the kinds of financial regulations that underpin
         | a modern and functional economy.
         | 
         | Why on earth would we want to compromise on these regulations
         | and onshore these bucket shops? Just look what happens when you
         | let them do as they will.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | seydor wrote:
           | > They are welcome
           | 
           | Are they? They are not unless they transform to another
           | boring bank which defeats the purpose of the exchange.
           | Banking is not why their users joined
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | > Are they? They are not unless they transform to another
             | boring bank which defeats the purpose of the exchange.
             | Banking is not why their users joined
             | 
             | Sure, but if their users joined to participate in an
             | unlawful offshore casino then my point remains. They can
             | comply with regulations, or not. It's not the
             | responsibility of the states to bow down to binance and
             | allow this silliness, but on binance to conform to a state
             | regulatory framework.
        
               | seydor wrote:
               | > but on binance to conform to a state regulatory
               | framework.
               | 
               | Which is not something they want. That was my comment
               | about actually, Reuters article implies that binance must
               | comply with some state.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | If binance wants to sell their services in a particular
               | market they must comply with the rules that are in place
               | in that market. Is that controversial?
        
               | seydor wrote:
               | Afaik they do already, binance.us exists
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | Reuters article is implying that Binance's unwillingness
               | to show what many regulations would require is because it
               | is a fraud.
        
               | corv wrote:
               | How is it the responsibility of an offshore company to
               | conform to some states regulatory framework - and which
               | states anyways?
               | 
               | If people want these products and they are regulated out
               | of the market, offshore is where these companies will go
               | to provide them.
        
               | warkdarrior wrote:
               | If _US_ people want these products and Binance wants to
               | sell these products to US people, Binance should conform
               | to the US regulatory framework. Otherwise it is on
               | Binance to ensure they do not sell their products to US
               | customers.
        
               | corv wrote:
               | It is US customers who are circumventing the technical
               | measures set in place to prevent them from trading on
               | these platforms with VPNs and fake PII.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | That line of reasoning worked so well for BetonSports.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BetonSports
               | 
               | And hey, what's 33 months in prison?
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _since binance is not based in the US or EU, its users don 't
         | expect the same level of transparency that banks have_
         | 
         | I am not a Binance user. My tax dollars will be used to clean
         | up this mess once it implodes. I am also not too keen on it
         | playing piggy bank to Iran and North Korea.
        
           | seydor wrote:
           | > My tax dollars will be used to clean up this mess once it
           | implodes
           | 
           | Really? have they been used to clean up the mess of some
           | other offshore company imploding?
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _have they been used to clean up the mess of some other
             | offshore company imploding?_
             | 
             | Investigating FTX, extraditing SBF and putting people in
             | jail isn't free.
        
               | stickfigure wrote:
               | The US government gets a bulk discount.
        
               | seydor wrote:
               | That's because sbf was a US citizen. And presumably this
               | is all paid by the recovered money, not the taxpayer.
               | Otherwise, why even bother
        
               | SideQuark wrote:
               | >That's because sbf was a US citizen.
               | 
               | Nope, that's incidental. If he were foreign, and had
               | committed the fraud he did against the US, he would
               | likely also be extradited to here to stand trial, the
               | same as, e.g., these three Nigerian nationals [1] or this
               | Jamaican [2] (or, if you search for a moment, hundreds of
               | other cases).
               | 
               | >And presumably this is all paid by the recovered money,
               | not the taxpayer.
               | 
               | It's paid by the taxpayer, through the budgets of the
               | DOJ, the same way things like Enron, Madoff, and other
               | massive frauds are not paid out of recovered money, which
               | is used to pay off creditors.
               | 
               | You can check the line item in the federal budget that
               | pays the DOJ, so that's not a question that taxpayers pay
               | for these legal enforcements. If you want to claim
               | "presumably" please show the valid source where this
               | entire criminal cost will be paid for by the recovered
               | money.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/three-nigerian-
               | nationals-extr...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/jamaican-national-
               | extradited-...
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | That's a pretty naive view. Him being a US citizen makes
               | a bunch of stuff easier and some other things harder but
               | none of those would ultimately stand in the way of him
               | going to trial. And even if you hide in a place where
               | there is no extradition you are _still_ going to be tried
               | but in absentia. And good luck moving around after that.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Binance is already being investigated by US law
               | enforcement; American taxpayers are already incurring
               | these costs.
               | 
               | The FBI isn't gonna get the recovered money from FTX
               | (what's left of it). That'll go to the bankrupt entity's
               | creditors.
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | It's time to go find a nice juicy head of lettuce I think.
        
       | helloworld11 wrote:
       | I think it's amusing as hell how the founder of Binance had a
       | spat with SBF and was partly responsible for hurrying along the
       | collapse of FTX (though that dumpster fire was doomed anyhow),
       | and is now reaping the whirlwind of his own backstabbing of
       | another major crypto bro.
       | 
       | Note: I personally believe in the utility of crypto and think
       | much of the hate for it on HN is downright idiotic and ignorant,
       | but giant shenanigans like these are are a separate matter of
       | natural human greed, fraud, lies and self destructive
       | foolishness.
       | 
       | https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/nov/11/binance-f...
        
         | deebosong wrote:
         | I'm sure you've fielded this Q many times.
         | 
         | I don't wanna be a full-on hater of crypto. And I do wanna hear
         | of use-cases that are relevant and intuitively understandable
         | or at baseline, usable, to laymen.
         | 
         | What utility do you see - through all the noise and chaos and
         | human flaws that taint all things - from crypto, that to you
         | just makes sense and will prevail in light of all the deserved
         | and undeserved criticism?
        
           | danielvf wrote:
           | Two good articles from the last few weeks on what has made
           | the cut over the last few years and proven to be useful :
           | 
           | https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/12/05/excited.html
           | 
           | https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/why-im-less-than-
           | infin...
           | 
           | I won't summarize, beyond agreeing with the second that a lot
           | of the view that "all of crypto is a scam" is driven by the
           | fact that essentially all public facing crypto advertisements
           | are for scams. However behind the scenes there are open
           | decentralized system that do move billions of dollars
           | smoothly and safely for millions of people.
        
             | corv wrote:
             | Very much agree, the post by Scott Alexander is nuanced and
             | well worth the read
        
               | jeffreyrogers wrote:
               | In most of the cases Scott cites the underlying thing
               | being facilitated can be done via a normal financial
               | system, some countries just don't have one that functions
               | very well. So I don't see the benefits of crypto as much
               | as I see the benefits of having a well functioning
               | financial system. Crypto just outsources that from local
               | regulators, banks, etc., to crypto developers. Might be a
               | good tradeoff for those countries.
               | 
               | The personal example Scott gives of sending money to
               | Russians is probably illegal and circumvents currency
               | controls that the Russian government has deliberately put
               | in place, so not really a demonstration for crypto as
               | much as it is an example that people find these types of
               | transactions useful for various reasons.
        
               | wmf wrote:
               | It would be interesting if the US set up some kind of
               | Freedom Bank specifically for people in China, Russia,
               | Venezuela, Argentina, Nigeria, etc. to access US dollars
               | and dollar-based investments. Those countries wouldn't
               | appreciate it though so I'd expect a lot of diplomatic
               | blowback. Until then, there's crypto for better or worse.
               | 
               | [Insert conspiracy theory here about Tether being a CIA
               | op to dollarize the developing world.]
        
               | AbrahamParangi wrote:
               | Having a normal, working financial system isn't really a
               | global or historical norm. Very arguably we're on an
               | isolated island of relative economic calm in both time
               | and space, and that we should not assume these conditions
               | will just continue forever.
        
           | JoshTko wrote:
           | If you disagree with your govt. either financial policies
           | (taxation, currency controls etc.) or political. You can use
           | Bitcoin to maintain control your assets. For example, if the
           | government suddenly decides to restrict capital leaving the
           | country, BTC would be free from that restriction. If your
           | govt. decides your political activity is now criminal and
           | wants to freeze all your assets domestically as well with
           | international partners, BTC would not be frozen. This is not
           | a problem that most people in the US will face. But if you
           | are a Russian or Chinese citizen then BTC's utility would be
           | much more real.
        
             | cduzz wrote:
             | That's an interesting theory.
             | 
             | In practice, maintaining anonymous ownership of your assets
             | on BTC is excruciatingly hard, because it's a public
             | record.
             | 
             | The organizations that monopolize violence ("governments",
             | typically) have ways of compelling people that simply
             | ignore some magic number in a distributed database. Please
             | do a thing or we'll do a thing to someone you care about. I
             | suspect even Satochi would happily give up the private keys
             | to avoid a visit to Lubyanka...
             | 
             | That's not to say that there's no value to these things,
             | but real life violence trumps imaginary freedom.
        
               | valcron1000 wrote:
               | Well, I use crypto to bypass currency controls so there's
               | your "imaginary freedom"
        
               | cduzz wrote:
               | I'm not sure what is imaginary here.
               | 
               | You believe you've done a thing in contravention of your
               | government's laws. Perhaps you've done it and will not be
               | caught. Perhaps you've done it and they haven't gotten
               | around to asking you politely not to do this. Some crypto
               | currency obviously leaves a paper trail for all to see;
               | some states it doesn't and perhaps doesn't, but perhaps
               | does.
               | 
               | Autonomy to break a law and not get immediately punished
               | for it isn't really freedom from that law.
               | 
               | To clarify -- breaking a law is not imaginary. Maybe
               | you've broken the law and haven't immediately faced any
               | repercussion, but that doesn't mean that bypassing money
               | laundering controls renders those money laundering
               | controls or punishments for breaking the controls
               | imaginary.
               | 
               | (edited to add the clarification)
        
               | Bilal_io wrote:
               | the idea boils down to: If the government can see what's
               | your bank account in details, and can seize it, and the
               | government can see what's in your Bitcoin wallet but not
               | with full transparency and cannot seize it, which is
               | better?
        
             | enraged_camel wrote:
             | I don't know about Russia, but I think if China decided to
             | restrict capital from leaving their country, they would
             | definitely crack down on crypto since escaping capital
             | controls is crypto's primary use case and China knows that.
             | 
             | You might ask "what does such a crackdown look like?" And
             | the answer is, they would simply round up and throw in jail
             | prominent crypto people, make it a crime to do anything
             | with crypto (buy, sell, use as currency etc.) and put the
             | fear of god in everyone else so that nobody dares touch
             | crypto.
        
               | coffeebeqn wrote:
               | Besides if you control the whole network, how hard would
               | it be to filter the Bitcoin network calls and then arrest
               | the people making them?
        
             | melenaboija wrote:
             | That sounds like an empty argument to me. Besides that the
             | only use I see so far for crypto is speculation (with fiat
             | currencies) if you disagree with the government never ever
             | trade these assets with fiat currencies that are backed by
             | governments.
             | 
             | Do the deals between your crypto things that are not
             | controlled by governments and taxations and leave the rest
             | of us and our economies alone.
        
           | LatteLazy wrote:
           | (not op) I stayed with a friend in Zimbabwe at the height of
           | their hyperinflation.
           | 
           | His house was filled with petrol (gas) because he'd been paid
           | and he had to buy something the same day that would keep for
           | a month and hold it's value or his money would evaporate. So
           | we sat in his house praying there wasn't a fire.
           | 
           | That's the use case for Bitcoin: currency of final resort.
           | It's the same as gold only better (can't be faked, hard to
           | steal etc).
           | 
           | I think in countries with stable currencies and after 2
           | decades of low interest and inflation, that's underrated as a
           | use case...
           | 
           | I also believe (forgive the digression into my weird
           | conspiracy theories) that one reason the US has made so much
           | progress on legalised weed is because crypto and the dark web
           | basically mean you can get whatever you want delivered right
           | to your door. But that's just my own weird world view.
        
             | greenthrow wrote:
             | Considering how few world currencies are less stable than
             | BTC this doesn't make a lot of sense.
             | 
             | Plus if you have the ability to turn arbitrary currency X
             | into BTC, you can certainly change it into USD, which is
             | far more stable than BTC. So, nope. This is not a good use
             | for BTC.
        
               | stickfigure wrote:
               | How does a Zimbabwean convert ZWR to USD? How does a
               | Venezuelan convert bolivars to USD?
        
               | maria2 wrote:
               | They usually go to a black market currency dealer and
               | keep the money under their mattress, or at least that's
               | how they did it in the USSR.
        
             | rdtwo wrote:
             | Bitcoin does not solve that problem. The reason he has a
             | ton in gas is that it was government subsdised and sold a a
             | fixed rate to worthless currency. So to get paid you needed
             | to trade worthless paper for gas and then for something of
             | value. Obviously gas is hard to store so there is a
             | negative premium for selling a large amount at the same
             | time
        
             | tkmunzwa wrote:
             | > His house was filled with petrol (gas) because he'd been
             | paid and he had to buy something the same day that would
             | keep for a month and hold its value or his money would
             | evaporate. So we sat in his house praying there wasn't a
             | fire.
             | 
             | I'm guessing the friend sold the petrol for USD, right?
             | 
             | Zimbabwean who lived through this checking in - let me add
             | context and help deconstruct this for HN: People (and
             | banks) were converting Zimbabwean dollars to _anything_
             | that could hold value and could be easily resold (in US
             | Dollars) ASAP - this could be petrol or petrol vouchers,
             | groceries, cookies - anything at all that could be bought
             | with Zimbabwean dollars and flogged for USD. One of the
             | retail banks got in trouble with the central bank after
             | adding masonry bricks to their commodity portfolio[1].
             | Petrol was definitely a risky. Bitcoin would not have
             | solved this because the using Zimbabwean dollars to
             | purchase of commodities was only the first step to
             | procuring US dollars while arbitrating the delta between
             | the official exchange rate that formal businesses had to
             | use, and the much higher real exchange rate as determined
             | by the market. The hypothetical bitcoin:Zimbabwean dollar
             | exchange rate in 2008 would have always tracked the market
             | rate with no opportunity for arbitration.
             | 
             | 1. Not brick futures or other fiscalised instrument: the
             | bank bought and took possession of piles of bricks for
             | resale later to hedge against inflation
        
             | strangattractor wrote:
             | So our Zimbabewe friend buys bitcoin at $60K and 6 months
             | later has bitcoin worth a third of that. Or he puts it in
             | FTX and has it all disappear. Not seeing how it solves his
             | problem.
        
               | maria2 wrote:
               | The friend could have purchased a stablecoin. For
               | instance, as of writing right now, he could have bought
               | USDT and had the same amount of money after 6 months.
               | Obviously, the stability of USDT is rightfully
               | questioned. But the stability of storing many liters of
               | petrol in your house should also be questioned.
        
           | arch1e wrote:
           | My country is cracking down on civil liberties (I'm not
           | talking the ability to not take certain vaccines), I'm
           | talking about religious freedom among other things and crypto
           | like XMR gives me a way to make sure I am able to buy stuff
           | like Mullvad VPN (again for privacy) without going through a
           | centralized payment processor. This is just one instance
           | though, I even get domains from njall.la now with XMR/crypto
           | and enjoy a lot of privacy benefits (coming from godaddy)
        
             | m00dy wrote:
             | you are not alone...
        
             | chollida1 wrote:
             | > civil liberties (I'm not talking the ability to not take
             | certain vaccines), I'm talking about religious freedom
             | 
             | Interesting framing.
             | 
             | I would have thought the ability to control what goes into
             | a person's body, ie bodily autonomy would have far outweigh
             | religious freedom.
             | 
             | If I had to give one up, and I don't think anyone should
             | have to give up either, I would give up religious freedom
             | long before having to give up control over my own body.
             | 
             | I guess that goes hand in hand with the abortion debate,
             | you're either in the religious freedoms camp or the bodily
             | autonomy camp.
             | 
             | it's good to see there are other's who think the opposite.
             | 
             | I appreciate the differing opinion.
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | Freedom _from_ religion is a prerequisite for bodily
               | autonomy, for at least half of us.
        
               | dbfx wrote:
               | He is probably trying to stop the inevitable derailment
               | once someone mentions(or believes is referring to)
               | vaccines in any way that is not unequivocal and blind
               | support.
        
               | chollida1 wrote:
               | Ah, that makes sense. Appreciate your help!!
        
               | hudon wrote:
               | > you're either in the religious freedoms camp or the
               | bodily autonomy camp
               | 
               | An abortion kills a baby by directly attacking his or her
               | body (dismemberment, lethal injection, etc.). You can
               | firmly be in the bodily autonomy camp and in the
               | religious freedoms camp at the same time.
        
               | cpgxiii wrote:
               | You can't claim to be in the "bodily autonomy" camp and
               | believe in compelling actual living people to use their
               | bodies to carry a fetus to term.
        
               | anikom15 wrote:
               | Considering the most popular religions fundamentally
               | reject bodily autonomy, it shouldn't be a surprise.
        
             | okasaki wrote:
             | Ah ok, the use case is breaking the law.
        
               | dnissley wrote:
               | Yes
        
               | keyme wrote:
               | Yes. Or, in other words, maintaining morality despite
               | laws.
        
               | andrepd wrote:
               | Yes, it may surprise you that the women in Iran, for
               | instance, are breaking the law. And so did the people who
               | founded the USA, in another example.
               | 
               | Law [?] moralityb
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | > Yes, it may surprise you that the women in Iran, for
               | instance, are breaking the law. And so did the people who
               | founded the USA, in another example.
               | 
               | Sure, but plenty of bad actors have broken the law as
               | well - the examples of these are far more numerous. While
               | there are hypothetical moral use cases for crypto, some
               | of the most common _actual_ uses are greed (yield
               | farming, speculation), scams (rug pulls, pump and dumps,
               | wash trading, ransomware), tax evasion, and as currency
               | for contraband like drugs. What ratio of moral to immoral
               | use cases is acceptable to the crypto community? 1:10?
               | 1:100? Or is anything ok as long as _someone_ out there
               | is using it to escape repression?
        
               | mbg721 wrote:
               | The more frequently breaking the law coincides with good
               | morality, the weaker the law becomes, and the less
               | legitimacy the state holds. That's why setting everything
               | up for selective enforcement is so destructive.
        
               | Karunamon wrote:
               | I question whether the daily flouting of laws like the
               | speed limit on the highways has a measurable impact on
               | the "legitimacy of the state".
        
               | okasaki wrote:
               | It's beautiful when people you like doing things you
               | approve of are breaking the law. Let's say someone uses
               | crypto to buy weapons or explosives and your loved one
               | dies in the attack. Are you still going to support it?
        
               | dbfx wrote:
               | yes
        
               | zoklet-enjoyer wrote:
               | Yes. The way it's paid for isn't the problem.
        
               | smcn wrote:
               | That's quite the response. Are you suggesting that
               | weapons or explosives can only be bought with crypto?
        
               | brookst wrote:
               | I read it as maintaining privacy while doing legal things
               | that a corrupt government might punish despite their
               | legality.
               | 
               | What led you to think laws are being broken in those
               | scenarios?
        
             | andrepd wrote:
             | It's pretty telling that Monero, a project with actual
             | utility, underperforms in terms of value/attention compared
             | to pump and dump scams or useless NFTs / tokens.
        
           | dogman144 wrote:
           | Technical:
           | 
           | - transfer of provably discrete (and sometimes fully private)
           | values between machines, without a central intermediary. It
           | takes what HTTP/S, FTP, all the information protocols that
           | opened up the internet to what it became, and adds the
           | ability to know that packet_a is the _only_ packet_a out
           | there.
           | 
           | - it's on the back 30-40 years of research of the same
           | computer scientists that brought you consumer cryptography,
           | Tor, and many other consequential innovations. As in, it
           | didn't just pop out of SBF's head.
           | 
           | - Think of what non-discrete digital information transmission
           | did to _everything_. Now we have discrete digital information
           | transmission. This is where the  "money of the internet"
           | terminology comes from IMO.
           | 
           | - "but we have Google/ApplePay, Venmo, etc!:" look at the
           | protocols that govern the internet and similar examples like
           | linux. how many of them are "owned" by a central party like
           | digital payments currently are? yes, some have heavy
           | influence, and ICANN, DNS, etc are somewhat centralized when
           | you really get down to it. But there is no vendor-specific
           | HTTPs.
           | 
           | Not technical:
           | 
           | - simply put: people, governments, financial institutions,
           | and on and on are using it. The opinion pieces and select
           | loud voices in government and HN would make you believe that
           | only criminals or techies putting the dotcom bubble to shame
           | are using it. However, hand on the bible, it has penetration
           | across quite a lot of use cases as a digital, international
           | currency, beyond NFTs and moonCoins. Bank of International
           | Settlements just let member banks deposit 2% of their
           | holdings in BTC. This is not a small event, and its one of
           | many out there. While Senators, ECB, and coworkers in HN are
           | shaming it, it's getting adopted by their peers. And normal
           | folk who don't know better see it as an open question still
           | or fraud somehow.
           | 
           | - payment censorship: The largest capital outflows from CN
           | where when crypto was legal there, and then subsequently
           | banned. Ok though, "it could never happen here" is often
           | thought if you live in the West. People saw Julian Assange's
           | cut off from payment rails and rightfully so perhaps
           | dismissed it. But then what about OnlyFans last year almost
           | having to change its entire product because someone didn't
           | like porn and pressured enough investors/payment providers in
           | the West to cut them off? Mindgeek (Pornhub) lost payment
           | providers access as well last year. Ok though, "well that's
           | porn." When you combine the march of digital payment
           | censorship based on the values of the day, combined with the
           | digitization of cash and limitations around paper currency,
           | that's a trend to note. What about abortion? What about pro-
           | life funding? What about...? What about Equifax selling your
           | compensation history to competitors, and your lack of opt-out
           | from that system because you get paid in USD via digital
           | banks? In short, digital currency is not currently trustless
           | and censorship-less in the same way paper currency more or
           | less is and has been for centuries, crypto is the only
           | (perhaps imperfect!) alternative out there right now.
           | 
           | - inflation: 8% inflation in the US is one thing, but I know
           | for a fact restaurants where I live (normal town, US) have
           | faced 100% raw ingredient prices YoY. money printing ==
           | inflation is irresponsibly simplifying it, but where is your
           | right to have a currency backup that at least has some
           | boundaries around the monetary policy of the day, enables to
           | you exist and spend online, and aligns with your incentives
           | to spend or not spend? Dgital currencies built in CN have
           | test trial "expiration dates" on them to spend for instance.
           | The US is in the middle of similar tech. "It could never
           | happen here" but if you dig in and read some Keynes which our
           | monetary policy is based on... it certainly could.
        
             | coffeebeqn wrote:
             | > inflation
             | 
             | There are better bets out there against inflation. Dollar
             | is "down" 8% because of inflation but BTC is down 65%..
             | Just buy gold if you want a hedge that is not correlated
             | with the general stock market. Crypto is just a proxy for
             | tech stocks
        
           | digitaltrees wrote:
           | The ledger. I think people are so caught up with it being a
           | currency or investment asset that they miss the real
           | revolutionary ideas. Triple entry bookkeeping. When double
           | entry accounting emerged in the renaissance it revolutionized
           | commercial activity. I think there are use cases where being
           | able to publicly verify transactions and history would be
           | immensely beneficial.
           | 
           | I worked as a lawyer in NYC unwinding many of the 2008
           | financial crises bankruptcies and can tell you that billions
           | of dollars of mortgages, home deeds, commercial loans, etc
           | are traded with bankers sending each other excel files. Which
           | means that the property ownership is literally a spreadsheet
           | (often with a date in the file name). It was shocking but how
           | it was done.
           | 
           | There are massive third party organizations that are tasked
           | with tracking those transactions MERS. The commodities
           | exchanges etc but they weren't much better organized. Lots of
           | excel files.
           | 
           | So if there could be a common accounting ledger that could be
           | verified it would be a big improvement. The question is
           | though would that be 10x better? Or rather enough to get the
           | various stakeholders to adopt the ledger. So far. No.
        
             | uberdru wrote:
             | Ironically, perhaps not so much so, that's precisely why
             | the blockchain was invented in 1992. A simple notary
             | service.
        
             | rwmj wrote:
             | Couldn't that be more efficiently solved using a public
             | database maintained by a trusted third party? We don't need
             | a blockchain to know who owns shares for example.
        
               | floober wrote:
               | Efficiently? Maybe. Providing the same type trust and
               | guarantees? Probably not. A public, append-only Merkle
               | tree just has a lot of interesting properties and I think
               | there are spaces where they are useful.
        
               | grp000 wrote:
               | I'm just an engineer with no background in finance, but
               | didn't a fair part of the 2008 collapse come about by
               | trusted third party risk auditing that went bad? Rather
               | than maintaining a centrality of trust at some level, it
               | seems intuitive that if there is a public database with
               | trust decentralized among all the participants, there is
               | less of a chance for that trust to be abused.
        
               | blowski wrote:
               | Financial transparency and integrity is a wonderful goal.
               | However, I am yet to understand why any kind of
               | blockchain is necessary or sufficient, or even a good
               | solution. If you want to cook the books you can do it
               | with or without blockchain. Same if you want to be
               | honest. Blockchain seems like a very complex and
               | expensive way of persisting transactions in a database.
        
               | coffeebeqn wrote:
               | It's just a fundamental naivete about how the world
               | works. If I'm dodging taxes or hiding profits then I'll
               | just enter false numbers on the blockchain. Now what good
               | is the blockchain? Unless the whole world runs on the
               | super inefficient blockchain system then there is always
               | a potential for gigantic drift between the actual state
               | of the world and the blockchain.
        
               | bart_spoon wrote:
               | Not in a way that would have been impacted by a
               | blockchain ledger. Third party risk auditors were giving
               | financial products risk ratings that were far out of
               | touch with their actual risk levels. But this was due to
               | flawed logic, financial incentives, and corruption, and
               | not because of a lack of transparency. The data of the
               | mortgages comprising these financial products was
               | available to those interested in those looking to fact
               | check, but no one was.
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | The "risk auditing" was the bad part, and that's a human
               | problem; writing those decisions to a different kind of
               | database wouldn't have helped in the slightest.
        
             | strangattractor wrote:
             | I would agree. The whole currency thing is a sham. It has
             | enabled some horrendous criminal financial activity. But
             | when I think of state and local gov't making there ledgers
             | public and preserving some anonymity of the payees. I see
             | some really exciting prospects for transparency.
        
             | formercoder wrote:
             | Why can't we just have a better, trusted, third party? Any
             | use case for Blockchain that does not use the phrase "zero
             | trust" is not a real use case.
        
               | acover wrote:
               | The merkel tree can be separated from the block creation.
               | See aws qldb.
               | 
               | https://aws.amazon.com/qldb/
        
               | nepthar wrote:
               | Any potential trusted third party is corruptible whereas
               | the type of "block chaining" that is used can be quickly
               | verified as correct by anyone.
        
               | digitaltrees wrote:
               | Because separation of the record from the record keeper
               | means the system will be endowed with new attributes such
               | as accuracy, verification. distribution, longevity etc
               | that result in a more robust and valuable system.
               | 
               | Imagine you run a fast food franchise with 10
               | restaurants, each keeping their inventories in a local
               | database, how do you coordinate global restocking? Manual
               | reconciliation across each database. Ok move to the
               | cloud. Now you have a global picture where state is
               | adjusting in closer to real time and reconciliation is an
               | inherent property of they system rather than a process
               | implementation operationally. Well as I have described
               | elsewhere in this thread. A lot of financial transactions
               | are managed in an equivalent process of local databases
               | with manual reconciliation.
               | 
               | I am oversimplifying because there are a number of road
               | blocks that prevent a solution like "implementing a cloud
               | database" and also conflating what happens within a
               | company (using the franchise analogy) rather than a
               | market (where every single franchise had a common
               | inventory and ordering system not tied to a third party
               | supplier). By my point is that a block chain ledger would
               | solve many of these problems without users even being
               | fully aware of the problem in the first place.
        
               | peter422 wrote:
               | There is no reason you can't mix the cryptological
               | security of the Bitcoin Blockchain without the proof of
               | work part.
               | 
               | If I (a trusted third party) maintained a giant public
               | database that anybody could append to, it would be
               | trivial to release checksums or hash values at specific
               | intervals to prove that nothing in the past was altered.
        
             | comte7092 wrote:
             | >Which means that the property ownership is literally a
             | spreadsheet (often with a date in the file name)
             | 
             | Are you implying that the spreadsheet is/was itself a legal
             | document signifying ownership? Because that is radically
             | different for my understanding of home ownership. I have
             | never owned property, but to my knowledge ownership is
             | conferred by way of a deed that is registered with the
             | government.
             | 
             | Which leads to the main issue with the crypto hype that I
             | see. The majority of the space is taken up by two
             | overlapping camps: get rich quick shills and techno
             | libertarians who believe we'd have utopia if not for the
             | pesky government.
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | If there's a mortgage the deed is held by the mortgagee.
               | Or at the very least there will be a formal legal claim
               | on the deed (in the UK it's called a lien or a charge -
               | not quite identical but similar) which isn't satisfied
               | until the mortgage is paid off.
               | 
               | Worse, there were instances in 2008 of banks stealing
               | homes out from under people - who sometimes didn't even
               | have a mortgage - by getting fake paperwork waved
               | through, because it was impractical for all the competing
               | claims on a loan to be properly validated.
               | 
               | https://www.salon.com/2013/08/12/your_mortgage_documents_
               | are...
               | 
               | Would blockchain fix this? No. The problem wasn't
               | tracking the transactions, it was the fact that banks and
               | the financial industry fraudulently hid the true risk of
               | various loan bundles.
               | 
               | Blockchain would only have solved this problem if the
               | loan _context_ - creditworthiness, payment history, and
               | so on - was included with every loan transaction, and
               | could easily be accessed and summarised for all the
               | transactions in all of the loan bundles.
               | 
               | Which blockchain doesn't do.
               | 
               | Coincidentally, this is exactly the same problem that
               | blockchain hasn't solved for FTX, Binance, Mt Gox, etc.
               | Blockchain does not provide an objective assessment of
               | risk, value, or corporate credibility. It's just a
               | ledger.
               | 
               | Even if you can't manipulate the ledger, you can still
               | manipulate the _perceived meaning_ of the numbers in the
               | ledger. Especially if you 're a trusted party in the
               | cryptoverse.
               | 
               | In fact it doesn't just fail to fix these problems, it
               | creates new opportunities for spectacular frauds.
        
             | markwkw wrote:
             | Home deeds, loans, mortgages are not accounting concepts,
             | but more in the ... contract(?) land.
             | 
             | When a loan is made, a loan document exists; and accounting
             | entries exist somewhat separately. A contract can be
             | entered without writing, a contract can result in complex
             | accounting treatment which may be investigated, rules
             | clarified, decided, corrected when methodology errors were
             | made.
             | 
             | Do you mean that the blockchain is supposed to help with
             | the accounting side, or with the contract side, or both?
        
               | ElevenLathe wrote:
               | I think the dream is something like making a single
               | commit that updates your code and the documentation that
               | is kept alongside it in the same repo. A blockchain
               | transaction would represent the entire transaction
               | including the mortgage agreement, the deed, the asset on
               | the lender's books, and the liability on the borrower's
               | books. I say dream because there's no real path to this
               | ever happening, and it's definitely not happened yet.
        
             | belter wrote:
             | https://aws.amazon.com/qldb/?nc1=h_ls
        
             | elliekelly wrote:
             | What about triple entry accounting requires the blockchain?
             | Or how does triple entry accounting benefit from being on
             | the blockchain? Or a distributed ledger in general? The
             | shitty book keeping you encountered will _always_ be
             | cheaper, faster, and easier than the "better" alternative.
             | The people like SBF with a black hole of excel nonsense as
             | their "accounting system" aren't going to be persuaded to
             | take up triple entry accounting-- on the Blockchain or
             | otherwise.
        
               | RC_ITR wrote:
               | Everyone loves cryptography and the chain of blocks
               | structure because they are _good things_
               | 
               | Neither of those things are the defining feature of
               | cryptocurrencies, decentralization is.
               | 
               | Decentralization is one of the most pointless endeavors
               | in technology, because it's so hard to scale anything
               | decentralized (case in point, how expensive on-chain
               | BTC/ETH transactions are).
        
               | strangattractor wrote:
               | I don't think is does - but exposing too much data is a
               | problem. The block chain can be public and still maintain
               | a certain anonymity. If people see a lot of money going
               | into a particular wallet they can ask the city to clarify
               | where/why the money if being spent. It might be nice to
               | see exactly how money is being spent for schools
               | (payroll, facilities etc) for example. Block chain seem
               | made for such a thing is all.
        
               | digitaltrees wrote:
               | I am not aware of any other triple entry accounting
               | system or proposal other than the block chain ecosystem.
               | But I have been a crypto curmudgeon and skeptic so I
               | don't follow it closely. Honestly it was the only idea
               | that didn't make me throw up a little when I would talk
               | to crypto fans. It was my little tactic to find common
               | ground.
               | 
               | Excel may be cheaper and faster for companies but
               | governments care about legitimacy and could probably end
               | up forcing implementation. So imagine that instead of
               | county deed offices that have physical books dating back
               | hundreds of years with title info, they had a blockchain
               | ledger then the third party systems the evolved on top to
               | make title transfer lowers friction will technically not
               | being a true legal transfer could have a middle ground
               | where the transaction has the certainty and legitimacy of
               | a public record and the low friction of a digital
               | transaction rather than physically having to go to each
               | county to record the transaction.
               | 
               | Similarly all large banks now have to submit stress tests
               | to the federal reserve and one of the hardest things to
               | do is trace asset transfers and liabilities to get at
               | contagion risk. If regulators were smart they would
               | mandate a blockchain or time series database so that
               | unwinding transactions didn't have to happen through
               | junior attorney and bankers manual review of transfers in
               | bankruptcy court.
        
               | marcus_holmes wrote:
               | I still don't understand why this is better on a
               | blockchain than a database.
               | 
               | Transactions are harder to do, they take longer, they're
               | massively more inefficient, etc. And what do we gain from
               | this? Blockchains are not immutable (as we've seen),
               | they're usually controlled by a single entity or group of
               | entities (as we've seen), they're public but in a bad way
               | - as soon as the connection between a person and a key is
               | revealed, that person's entire transaction history is
               | revealed. And so on.
               | 
               | I know that "all these problems are being solved" but you
               | could solve them all in an instant by just using a
               | database and having sufficient oversight over who gets to
               | manage it. I don't understand the enthusiasm to use a
               | blockchain here (or anywhere)
        
               | legutierr wrote:
               | If two rival businesses are transacting with each other,
               | and they don't really trust each other fully, which one
               | hosts the database?
               | 
               | Whoever hosts the database is in a position to manipulate
               | data to the disadvantage of the other. Which entity gives
               | in and gives up that power to the other? Why should
               | either party agree to take on that sort of counterparty
               | risk when they don't have to?
               | 
               | Also, what instances of non-immutable blockchains are you
               | referring to? Blockchains by definition are immutable
               | post-finality.
        
               | laserlight wrote:
               | > which one hosts the database?
               | 
               | Both?
               | 
               | > manipulate data to the disadvantage of the other
               | 
               | How is this even possible? Don't they other sign their
               | transactions?
        
               | pr0zac wrote:
               | While running transactions on a distributed blockchain
               | would provide some additional resilience here, I'm unsure
               | if I can picture any situation where the added protection
               | provided over current contract and civil law would
               | outweigh the issue of having your financial transactions
               | publicly available for review by all other actors to most
               | businesses.
               | 
               | It also doesn't really do much for most real world
               | transactions because of the oracle problem. Unless both
               | businesses only care about entities that exist on that
               | blockchain as well having the transactions there doesn't
               | provide any additional benefit since the blockchain
               | cannot verify nor enforce anything outside of it.
               | Regardless of whether the transaction of you sending me
               | money is immutable I can still just not send you what you
               | paid me for.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | The clearing house hosts the database. There's no need
               | for a blockchain.
               | 
               | https://www.cfainstitute.org/en/advocacy/issues/central-
               | clea...
        
               | legutierr wrote:
               | What if there is no clearinghouse operating in that
               | particular market?
        
               | RC_ITR wrote:
               | You build one because it's _way_ easier _and_ cheaper to
               | build a clearinghouse than it is to build a massively
               | decentralized network of trust-less computers?
        
               | cduzz wrote:
               | The two rivals write a contract? The contract involves a
               | 3rd party that's mutually agreed upon by the rivals?
               | 
               | If the two rivals can't abide by a contract, a blockchain
               | wouldn't resolve the scenario either. Imagine "bug vs
               | boot" or "shooting war" kinds of contract violations
               | where overwhelming force is in play; why would a
               | blockchain make a difference?
               | 
               | Human history has lots of "people don't trust each other"
               | scenarios, and they've been resolved in the past, with
               | reasonable efficiency, without blockchain.
        
               | eldenwrong wrote:
               | >"Blockchains by definition are immutable post-finality."
               | 
               | This is the greatest misunderstanding. Immutability is
               | NOT a property of blockchains. Its a property of Bitcoin
               | and possibly Ethereum through PoW/PoS
        
               | chaostheory wrote:
               | A database is great for one entity. A blockchain is
               | useful for situations with multiple actors with an
               | inherent lack of trust, but with a need for a shared
               | truth
        
               | PKop wrote:
               | 3rd party trust and central point of failure. I don't
               | agree that we've seen Bitcoin be controlled by a single
               | entity or that anyone has power to modify it against the
               | will of market. I would argue the things you don't see a
               | need for are necessary, if not sufficient, to have a
               | sufficiently decentralized ledger. Network effect might
               | be the other ingredient.
        
               | streb-lo wrote:
               | Blockchain also only works the way people intend in
               | entirely digital domains.
               | 
               | As soon as you tie it to real-world assets it's no
               | different than an Excel sheet because you must validate
               | everything manually anyways.
        
               | lamontcg wrote:
               | Would it make sense to put those transactions into
               | something like git or does a conventional database sound
               | more appropriate?
               | 
               | Why do internet companies not use blockchains like git
               | for all their transactions and instead use some form of
               | database?
               | 
               | And git doesn't prevent software developers from pushing
               | bad/hostile code/data into their repos. A blockchain
               | wouldn't prevent financial institutions from publishing
               | incorrect/fraudulent transactions into the blockchain.
               | 
               | What you theoretically gain out of a public blockchain is
               | just that it is permanent and public. You could try to
               | pass laws to require permanent and public access to a
               | companies books instead and be technology agnostic. This
               | law would be highly unlikely to ever pass. But you don't
               | need a blockchain to do it.
               | 
               | And if it isn't public and immutable then the company can
               | change the ledger whenever they like and throw away the
               | old chain and commit fraud, there's nothing magical about
               | the word "blockchain" which prevents that. It is the
               | public nature of it which makes it immutable. If you want
               | to make it private and immutable a normal database with a
               | public, published cryptographic hash of the entire
               | contents published at intervals would make that possible.
               | What you need then is an append-only database where
               | incorrect prior data is fixed not by throwing away the
               | bad data, but by publishing new records which update the
               | old data, and then a way of publicly validating that the
               | old data hasn't been tampered with. That can actually be
               | solved without blockchain. It definitely can be solved
               | without public blockchain, you just the company to
               | periodically "publish" its bookkeeping hashes to an
               | agency (or the public) that tracks them.
               | 
               | That doesn't fix fraud, though, those records could all
               | be bullshit the first time they're entered. Just makes it
               | harder to go back and commit fraud. And if the company
               | never opens it books and is never audited then none of it
               | really matters, blockchain or not it just becomes a
               | private diary of lies.
        
             | jerrygenser wrote:
             | Could these ledger be a log data structure in a single
             | database that is run by a trusted entity like a government?
             | Why does it need to be decentralized?
        
             | hyperman1 wrote:
             | I see 2 core parts to cryptocoins: The Merkle tree for
             | honesty and the Proof of work for value.
             | 
             | I'd agree the Merkle tree is good as the ledger. AFAIK it
             | is also used in certificate transparancy logs: Every block
             | of log entries contains a cryptographic hash to a previous
             | block, so you can't rewrite log entries, only append them.
             | This is what guarantees honesty in the certificate world,
             | and is I assume the only aspect you need for your proposal.
             | 
             | But the Proof of work is basically a race to do as much
             | computation as possible. This is the part that wastes so
             | much energy and resources, the part that slows things down,
             | but also the part that provides value to cryptocoins by
             | proving that someone wanted to waste/spend the resources.
             | 
             | Do you see value in a system that has both aspects?
        
               | er4hn wrote:
               | I'll chime in here that Merkle trees are best used to
               | tell you if something changed in the historical records.
               | Certificate Transparency (CT) provides you with an easy
               | to verify way to generate a single identifier that tells
               | you the current state of a set of information. You can
               | then incrementally add onto it while checking that none
               | of the past information was changed during that addition.
               | This is a pretty similar concept (and motivation) to Git.
               | 
               | Where this becomes interesting is that someone can just
               | change the past data, then go through and update all the
               | subsequent additions to come up with a the new final
               | value. CT handles this by having multiple other entities
               | check that the CT root values are not changing over time.
               | Git handles this by allowing for similar mechanisms - if
               | you believe Linus he memorizes the root hash of his local
               | repo before bed each night. A post-it note would work
               | just about as well for the Linus/Git case, but I am
               | getting off topic.
               | 
               | I don't see value in proof of work because it assumes
               | that any system would have more entities (where each
               | entity has some amount of computing power..) watching
               | than there is computing power attempting to rewrite it.
               | That doesn't really scale up across most industries use
               | cases. A set of say, mortgage companies, could just
               | exchange data in a merkle tree format and raise an alarm
               | if it looks like the values changed from the prior root.
               | This is very fast and cheap to compute and doesn't
               | require proof of work calculations.
        
           | Quarrelsome wrote:
           | Crypto is really good for buying drugs given that most
           | traditional payment systems do not tend to cater for the
           | black market.
        
           | darawk wrote:
           | I'll give this a shot. I've written variants of this comment
           | a billion times on HN, but I sort of enjoy trying to create
           | the perfect articulation of what it is that I like about
           | crypto, so I'll try again:
           | 
           | Crypto is an alternative financial system. Financial systems,
           | on their own, are castles in the air. They provide no value
           | to anyone. Financial systems derive their fundamental
           | economic value by being wired to the real world in some way.
           | That is, efficiently allocating capital to productive
           | enterprises, cheaply translating capital between different
           | forms (e.g. currencies, but also product <-> currency), and
           | transferring risk from those who don't want it to those who
           | do. This is why finance exists, and what it is for.
           | 
           | The cryptocurrency financial system as it exists now is only
           | very weakly connected to the real economy, and only in a few
           | places of marginal or possibly negative social value (e.g.
           | drugs, gambling, prostitution, ransomware). However, there
           | are a few places that actually use crypto fairly heavily for
           | legitimate, socially useful transactions, such as Vietnam,
           | Ukraine and Venezuela. Most people here tend not to find
           | those examples particularly convincing, and neither do I -
           | but they are important to mention.
           | 
           | But what crypto represents is an _alternative_ model for how
           | a financial system could operate. It is a financial system
           | that offers many of the same features that our existing
           | system does, but is different in some ways. Asking  "What
           | good is crypto?" is a bit like asking "What good is Linux
           | when we already have Windows?". They both do very similar
           | things, but they do them differently, and most critically,
           | they imply _different distributions of power_.
           | 
           | If you build your business around Microsoft products, that's
           | fine, but in several important senses that makes you beholden
           | to Microsoft. If you want to build a financial business in
           | the traditional financial economy, you will probably have to
           | go to one of the major money center banks, hat in hand, and
           | ask them to let you do whatever it is that you want to do (or
           | an intermediary that has done this). Depending on what it is
           | you want to do, you may have to go to _all of them_ and ask
           | this.
           | 
           | Crypto is different. If you want to build a financial
           | business in crypto, you simply write the code and deploy it.
           | You don't ask anyone for permission, and there is nobody on
           | earth that can tell you "no". Even the US Treasury hasn't
           | shut down Tornado cash, they've merely sanctioned it. The
           | drawbacks of this approach should be obvious, but so too
           | should the benefits. Whether you like the approach crypto
           | offers is simply a question of values. But it is, in my
           | opinion, undeniable that it is _meaningfully different_ while
           | being capable (in principle) of offering most of what
           | traditional finance does.
           | 
           | The fact that crypto has not yet been wired to the real
           | economy is the reason that it has not yet provided much in
           | the way of concrete utility in most developed markets. The
           | reason it hasn't been wired to the real economy is that
           | regulators and lawmakers mostly have not allowed it. And I
           | agree with them! I would like to see a little more
           | experimentation in that direction, but crypto is fairly
           | obviously not ready for prime time in this sense - not yet,
           | and maybe never. Many things would need to happen first.
           | However, don't mistake the absence of this connection for the
           | theoretical inability to create it. It hasn't been created
           | because people are cautious about things this important, as
           | they should be.
           | 
           | There is nothing in principle right now preventing anyone
           | from tokenizing a house, or a corporate debt instrument. And
           | even if you think "nobody has done those things because
           | they're stupid and crypto is just worse than traditional
           | finance", you may be right! But it should be obvious that
           | there are enough crypto believers out there that this would
           | have been done if it were legal to do so, _even if_ it were a
           | bad idea. Hence, given their total non-existence, it should
           | be clear that the reason it hasn 't happened is regulatory,
           | not fundamental capability.
           | 
           | You will know crypto has failed if and when there are a few
           | real estate titles, car titles, equity shares, bond
           | instruments, and other assorted things from the traditional
           | financial realm that have been tokenized, but nobody cares
           | about them. Assets placed there by a few true believers,
           | traded for a bit, and then forgotten. _That_ is how you will
           | know crypto has nothing to offer. But for now nobody has done
           | those things, because the traditional legal system
           | (correctly!) won 't respect them sufficiently.
           | 
           | EDIT: To extend the Linux metaphor a bit, Linux was created
           | in the early 90s, but I would argue it didn't become clearly
           | economically significant until the late 2000s. Prior to that
           | it was a toy for nerds and anyone serious used "real
           | products" built by "real companies" and purchased for
           | money[1]. Crypto is FOSS for finance, and maybe the
           | traditional world is right this time, and when it comes to
           | money walled gardens and closed ecosystems are best. But it's
           | not the world that I personally want to live in.
           | 
           | [1] The exact timelines here are obviously fuzzy and
           | certainly you can argue with whether it was late or mid or
           | early 2000s, but what is inarguable is that Linux went
           | through a long "just a toy" phase in the minds of most people
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | > I personally believe in the utility of crypto
         | 
         | That seeing utility in crypto requires faith is telling.
        
           | cokeandpepsi wrote:
           | the real utility in being able to play HFT-arbitrage trader
           | at home without all the rules and regulations tied to other
           | markets
           | 
           | i'm not a fan personally having worked for a time with people
           | invovled in crypto, it just feels like the condensiation of
           | everything wrong with technology
           | 
           | eitherway imo the rise of legal gambling apps will probably
           | kill the industry since that scratches the itch most people
           | went to cryptocurrency to remedy
        
         | MomoXenosaga wrote:
         | "Believe" means faith which is inherently non rational. Nothing
         | ignorant about not sharing someone's religion.
        
         | FormerBandmate wrote:
         | And it was over Twitter of all things. This is the history of
         | 19th century banking repeating itself as a giant farce
        
           | corv wrote:
           | Of course letting everyone print their own money is a farce
           | and doesn't actually generate any value for society.
           | 
           | In that sense Binance is guilty here with their BNB token,
           | having also set the example for FTX' FTT token.
        
             | YawningAngel wrote:
             | To be fair to Binance, they have thus far honoured their
             | wildcat dollars.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | Wildcat banks always honor their receipts.
               | 
               | Until they suddenly don't
        
         | cuteboy19 wrote:
         | A lot of the journalism is being done by coindesk on this
         | topic. Coindesk is owned by the same company who owns Gemini, a
         | rival exchange. So it is indeed poetic
        
           | cactusplant7374 wrote:
           | I think you have made a mistake.
           | 
           | DCG owns CoinDesk but not Gemini.
           | 
           | https://www.reuters.com/technology/crypto-exchange-gemini-
           | tr...
        
         | onecommentman wrote:
         | Who makes these changes? I shoot an arrow right. It lands left.
         | I ride after a deer and find myself chased by a hog. I plot to
         | get what I want and end up in prison. I dig pits to trap others
         | and fall in.
         | 
         | I should be suspicious of what I want.
         | 
         | - Rumi (13th C Persian poet, tr. Barks)
        
         | oneoff786 wrote:
         | There's a lot of human systems that would be great if not for
         | the humans!
        
       | throwaway23597 wrote:
       | Binance and Tether will not become insolvent, and that is
       | precisely the issue. They have an essentially endless supply of
       | laundered funds, criminal money, and international backing. It's
       | essentially a financial weapon aimed at the West, and adversaries
       | of the West will not let it fail. Major regulation is the only
       | way that these beasts will be slain, but they have donned the
       | cloak of "an exciting new fintech industry" and are lobbying like
       | hell, so I'm not terribly optimistic.
        
         | corv wrote:
         | No, Tether and their banking partner Deltec have very little
         | international backing, nor are they the same entity as Binance.
         | 
         | Strange to call Tether and Binance, "weapons aimed at the
         | West", when their implosion would surely do more to damage
         | cryptocurrencies than global US Dollar hegemony.
         | 
         | Of course one would be smart to use other platforms rather than
         | creating single points of failure....
        
           | __derek__ wrote:
           | > Tether and their banking partner Deltec have very little
           | international backing
           | 
           | Isn't Tether based in Hong Kong?
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _their implosion would surely do more to damage
           | cryptocurrencies than global US Dollar hegemony_
           | 
           | Crypto never threatened the dollar. What is creating issues
           | is crypto's risks causing losses to Americans and, possibly,
           | the American financial system.
        
             | corv wrote:
             | This crypto and asset bubble was of their own making!
             | 
             | Quantitative easing directly lead to inflated asset prices
             | and inflation.
             | 
             | Then VCs jumped on the bandwagon and pushed FTX to
             | unsustainable heights.
             | 
             | Now people all over the world are suddenly supposed to sit
             | in cash while everything is crashing with high inflation to
             | boot?
        
               | rvnx wrote:
               | This is why God created I-Bonds.
        
           | fredgrott wrote:
           | also strange wording given US banks are for the most part
           | prevented from offering banking services of crypto exchanges.
        
         | concinds wrote:
         | Why "the West"? Crypto is anti-state power generally, not anti-
         | West (most repressive countries crack down on its use).
         | 
         | And I doubt the North Korean or Russian governments are using
         | Binance.
        
           | arcticbull wrote:
           | Crypto only benefits those states shut out of the orderly
           | financial system, like Syria, North Korea, Russia and Iran.
           | 
           | North Korea has amassed a veritable crypto fortune, hundreds
           | of millions worth, that they're using to finance their
           | illicit nuclear weapons programs. They don't need to use
           | binance, but binance continued existence props up the value
           | of the crypto space and their holdings allowing their games
           | to continue.
           | 
           | [edit] To be clear I'm not saying that NK or any other state
           | actor is propping up binance or Tether (I just don't know)
           | however it's pretty clear IMO that they benefit from its
           | continued existence.
        
             | ahtihn wrote:
             | > North Korea has amassed a veritable crypto fortune,
             | hundreds of millions worth
             | 
             | Hundreds of millions isn't a fortune for a state. Certainly
             | financing a credible nuclear program costs way more than
             | that every year. Let alone everything else a state needs to
             | finance.
        
             | corv wrote:
             | So the Russian and Iranian people who are not at fault for
             | their governments misgivings are supposed to be shut out of
             | the global financial system too?
             | 
             | Thank Satoshi for true net neutrality.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | > So the Russian and Iranian people who are not at fault
               | for their governments misgivings are supposed to be shut
               | out of the global financial system too?
               | 
               | ... Yes. Just like how the former are currently being
               | conscripted to fight their relatives in a stupid war,
               | started by their government.
               | 
               | Life isn't fair, and people generally suffer when they
               | allow bad governance to ruin their country. Ultimately,
               | any government, even a repressive one can only function
               | when the people it governs believe it to be legitimate. I
               | hear that this sort of thing is being protested in
               | Iran[1] these days.
               | 
               | [1] The thing they are protesting has little to do with
               | the cause of the sanctions, though, but that's another
               | story.
        
               | horsawlarway wrote:
               | > So the Russian and Iranian people who are not at fault
               | for their governments misgivings are supposed to be shut
               | out of the global financial system too?
               | 
               | Speaking objectively here: obviously yes.
               | 
               | There is no government on earth that does not function
               | without at least tacit consent of those governed. That
               | consent may be obtained in all sorts of manners (many
               | coercive or brutal) but fundamentally that matters very
               | little from the perspective of an external nation.
               | 
               | The entire point of cutting a nation out of the financial
               | system is to generate internal pain among the population
               | that removes consent for their government that is
               | currently committing atrocities.
               | 
               | If they want back in... the options are clear and simple:
               | Choose a new government (through any of several means -
               | up to and including rebellion or civil war). Stop the
               | actions of your current government.
        
               | mardifoufs wrote:
               | Are europeans responsible for the deaths and slavery in
               | libya? And americans are responsible for the deaths in
               | the middle east? When do we cut those populations out?
        
               | carlob wrote:
               | > Are europeans responsible for the deaths and slavery in
               | libya?
               | 
               | Very much so, but as far as I can tell nobody cares
               | enough. Just to give an example: in my city Ukrainian
               | asylum seekers get free public transportation, whereas
               | those who escaped war in Africa ans went through the
               | Libyan lagers we help finance don't. And don't get me
               | wrong I would really like to see everybody get treated
               | like a human, I'm not advocating for any mistreatment of
               | Ukrainians...
        
               | CoastalCoder wrote:
               | > Are europeans responsible for the deaths and slavery in
               | libya? And americans are responsible for the deaths in
               | the middle east? When do we cut those populations out?
               | 
               | Speaking as an American, I'd say "yes". At least for the
               | citizens who were adults at the time and were aware.
               | 
               | I'm suspicious of any moral framework that's hand-tuned
               | to paint some persons as upright.
               | 
               | I think we just shy away from the fact that we _are_ in
               | fact culpable, so we look for rationalizations.
        
               | horsawlarway wrote:
               | When there's a global structure that has decided that
               | those countries are not worth doing business with over
               | the actions of their government.
               | 
               | That's the whole point...
               | 
               | You seem to be implying a value judgement I'm not making.
               | I'm not making some random condemnation of
               | Russia/Iran/Whoever, or extolling the virtues of western
               | countries - I'm telling you the point of sanctioning
               | those countries is that it's a path towards adjusting
               | behavior by removing consent of those governed.
               | 
               | If the Russian/Iranian/Whoever people are happy, content,
               | well-fed, and have easy access to luxury items... what
               | the hell is their incentive to change how their
               | government is acting on the international stage?
               | 
               | The sanctions serve to show those people providing
               | consent that the rest of the group of nations they are
               | interacting with are not happy.
               | 
               | It's a feedback mechanism that is not: "hey - we're going
               | to kill you now". Which Western nations are using 1)
               | because it's less expensive in terms of both capital and
               | bodies. 2) because it's arguably more humane. 3) Because
               | nuclear weapons have made countries averse to full war.
               | 
               | There's no value judgement about whether the sanctions
               | are good or bad, or some prescriptive judgement that the
               | west is better. It's just the clear intent of the
               | sanctions is to make life harder for the citizenry
               | without having to kill them.
               | 
               | Whether the countries making the sanctions are moral or
               | not (in my opinion, your opinion, or that of anyone else)
               | has fuck all to do with the functional manner in which
               | they are being used.
               | 
               | Sanctions are a tool, whether that tool is being used
               | justly has zero relation to how the tool itself
               | functions.
        
               | potatototoo99 wrote:
               | There's also the matter of whether or not sanctions work,
               | and judging by their track record, they do not.
        
               | horsawlarway wrote:
               | Sure - the tool itself may not be particularly effective.
               | No argument here.
               | 
               | It's essentially a signaling mechanism - how strong that
               | signal is received can vary a lot.
               | 
               | In the case of Russia at least - it's dampened quite a
               | bit because both India and China are not participating.
               | While they're not outright supporting Russia - they don't
               | find the current government so unpalatable that they're
               | willing to break off economic activities (and again -
               | this is not a value judgement either way... simply a
               | statement of efficacy).
               | 
               | In my opinion - I don't really think sanctions are going
               | to be terribly effective (I also think the price cap on
               | oil purchases will not be effective), but people don't
               | seem to grasp that a very real possible alternative is
               | outright war. Which, at least personally, I'd like to
               | avoid. So I'm willing to let sanctions ride for a bit and
               | see. But I'm also in favor of providing more arms and
               | weapons systems to Ukraine in the meantime.
               | 
               | that said... I also have a bunch of duct-tape, plastic
               | sheeting, water, and some iodine pills in my basement -
               | because while I tend to hope that all the nuclear powers
               | involved here will act with some restraint, those items
               | will be very difficult to acquire in the 15 minutes when
               | I might really need them, and they're relatively cheap to
               | buy right now. So picking between that and sanctions...
               | again - I vote for sanctions right now.
        
               | europeanguy wrote:
               | > There is no government on earth that does not function
               | without at least tacit consent of those governed.
               | 
               | One thing I've noticed visiting Russia (multiple times)
               | is how politically indifferent the average Russian is.
               | (Or more precisely the average big city Russian). There's
               | this idea everywhere that, you know politics is really
               | complicated and you don't really understand it, so let
               | the people in charge make decisions.
               | 
               | So yes, Russian people have exactly the government they
               | want.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | > So the Russian and Iranian people who are not at fault
               | for their governments misgivings are supposed to be shut
               | out of the global financial system too?
               | 
               | If it helps exert pressure then financial sanctions are
               | strictly better than kinetic war. The ability to end
               | around those sanctions can lead to significantly more
               | death and suffering - both there and potentially
               | elsewhere. It's not about fairness it's about minimizing
               | harm. If you disagree, vote.
               | 
               | > Thank Satoshi for true net neutrality.
               | 
               | No thanks man. Seems like an interesting cult y'all have
               | there.
               | 
               | [edit] Nobody has the right to trade. If you want to not
               | conform to social norms and pose a risk, fine - but you
               | don't have a fundamental right to exchange with foreign
               | powers whom you detest. If you want to go down that path
               | you better be prepared to be self-sufficient.
        
               | corv wrote:
               | Cryptocurrency proponents have taken on an almost
               | religious stance, I'll give you that.
               | 
               | Then again fanatical users speaks to good product design
               | somewhere
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | > Then again fanatical users speaks to good product
               | design somewhere
               | 
               | Or to a conflict of interest. Unlike consumer products,
               | crypto usually ends up being worth more if more people
               | are using it. Most crypto proponents hold some crypto and
               | have a financial incentive to get more people into it.
        
               | corv wrote:
               | The same is true of the telephone, smartphones, the
               | internet, etc.
               | 
               | Metcalfe's law applies here as the utility of the network
               | rises with the number of participants.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | No the same isn't true, I can't sell my telephone for
               | more just because there are more other people with
               | phones.
        
           | notahacker wrote:
           | It was founded in China, and the West being relatively
           | reticent to crack down on it is kind of the point.
           | 
           | (Not buying the theory though; if Binance does have access to
           | unlimited funds they're not doing a great job of propping
           | their coin up)
        
         | canadiantim wrote:
         | Why does Binance need to be slain? Seems aggressive...
        
         | ineedasername wrote:
         | They're not big enough to be a weapon. Keep in mind the Cold
         | War was as much an economic war as the other aspects. That was
         | countless $billions. The space race alone through 1973 cost a
         | quarter $trillion and that was a minor bit of spending compared
         | to military and intelligence agencies.
         | 
         | The US recently during the Covid shutdowns rapidly spent and
         | extra $trillion, then did it again 3 more times roughly a year.
         | This is essentially done via minting fiat money.
         | 
         | The US also has too many strategic interests in Europe to allow
         | an economic attack there either, although all of crypto is
         | still too small to bother the EU to any high degree in terms of
         | an economic attack.
         | 
         | Finally, Binance may be filled with criminal gains but
         | criminals frown on people taking their money so if anything
         | Binance, to the extent it's resources have criminal origins, is
         | constrained in deploying them beyond a certain point to defend
         | their business.
         | 
         | No, Binance is far from immune to collapse, it's just that if
         | they start down that pathway then the criminals will be pretty
         | insistent on being first in line to get their money out.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Will you make everybody that believes you and that may end up
         | holding the bag in case you are wrong whole? If not then this
         | is content free.
         | 
         | Agreed on the regulation front though, that may well - and
         | should - happen.
        
         | femto113 wrote:
         | In fiat terms, unless you really believe there is over $60BN
         | sitting in a bank account that they just choose not to show for
         | "reasons", Tether is already insolvent. Since most of Binance's
         | non-self-issued reserves are in the form of Tether they, by
         | extension, are insolvent as well. The open question is how long
         | can they can keep the game going, thus the current rescue
         | fund/proof of reserves/transparency audit circuses.
        
         | oc852 wrote:
         | Why even give these guys any legitimacy by regulating them? As
         | some experts opined, just let them burn. Regulating them will
         | end up bringing risk to actual financial markets.
        
         | helloworld11 wrote:
         | Binance and Tether are nowhere near big enough to be major
         | financial weapons against the west. They also have nowhere near
         | the sort of supposed major government or criminal support from
         | anyone interested or powerful enough to stop their possible
         | collapse. That you're claiming they do is odd compared to many,
         | many other more mainstream financial systems that have been
         | used as tools by governments and criminals for a lot longer
         | than crypto has even existed. People could have claimed
         | something similar to what you say about FTX just months ago,
         | and would have, as we now know, been very wrong.
         | 
         | Edit: Just the daily trading volume of, say, the forex market,
         | completely dwarfs both the total market cap of tether or the
         | daily volume of Binance. The total value of global equity
         | trading worldwide is also insanely bigger than these two
         | combined.
        
         | einszwei wrote:
         | > It's essentially a financial weapon aimed at the West, and
         | adversaries of the West will not let it fail.
         | 
         | An interesting way to phrase it but do you have any sources to
         | back your claim?
         | 
         | I know that Binance is being investigated for money laundering
         | and sanctions violations. But this could just be a consequence
         | of corporate greed and operating in unregulated markets (not
         | some conspiracy against west).
        
           | spamizbad wrote:
           | I mean, that's basically the pitch I've personally received
           | from various web3 founders trying to recruit me. It's overtly
           | political and is some flavor of "Boy howdy the US dollar
           | hegemony sure is a big problem. It sure would be nice if we
           | had true economic freedom. Want to be part of the solution?"
        
           | rvnx wrote:
           | In Europe, wire transfers work exceptionally well since the
           | introduction of SEPA Instant Credit Transfer.
           | 
           | You have the choice between a free, transparent, technically
           | stable, instant payment system (< 10 seconds until 100'000
           | EUR), using a stable currency.
           | 
           | or
           | 
           | an unregulated system where unknown people create and control
           | the currency, that is generally slow, often with high payment
           | or exchange fees and where you need to trust a lot of unknown
           | parties (software, tools, network, coins, etc), where you can
           | lose your key, that is falsely transparent (you see
           | transactions, but you don't know who control the network).
           | 
           | Mhhh...
        
             | superjan wrote:
             | True, but how is it relevant to the comment you replied to?
        
               | rvnx wrote:
               | It's to say that "West" has a quite established and
               | efficient transaction platform.
               | 
               | Because of that, as part of the "West", I hardly see any
               | benefit of crypto, unless you are in some other camp
               | (aka: "anti-West").
               | 
               | This is what I meant.
        
               | m00dy wrote:
               | Oh cool,
               | 
               | We all know what happened to Jews in the 2nd WW in
               | europe. I think it is now the time for "anti-West" people
               | that you decide.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _what happened to Jews in the 2nd WW in europe_
               | 
               | Bitcoin is now a solution to a second Holocaust?
        
               | m00dy wrote:
               | Jews had to swallow precious metals like gold,
               | diamonds... This time all I had to remember 24 words in
               | order... So, no Bitcoin is not a solution or could be.
               | I'm not sure but self-custody is...
        
               | TchoBeer wrote:
               | Making it marginally harder to steal wealth from Jewish
               | people would have only slightly abated the negative
               | effects of the holocaust, but it would not at all solve
               | any of their problems.
        
               | superjan wrote:
               | I think I read the parent comment differently: when
               | crypto is claimed to be a weapon against the west, it is
               | not because it is in any way an alternative, it is a
               | weapon as a system supporting illicit activities against
               | the west (money laundering, sanction evasion, state
               | sanctioned ransomware). The fact that it slow, unscalable
               | and expensive does not matter for those type of
               | activities. So I thought it does not really matter that
               | our banks are efficient.
        
             | corv wrote:
             | SEPA only works within the EU whereas what you are
             | comparing is a global payments system. In Europe it is also
             | necessary to report any transactions over 10,000 EUR which
             | causes more friction than you imply.
             | 
             | It is not transparent as to how much currency debasement is
             | taking place, nor does anybody outside a small group at the
             | ECB have any control over it.
             | 
             | It is quite clear who owns decentralized networks - the
             | participants. Are they perfectly equal? No but they are
             | more egalitarian than what they seek to replace.
             | 
             | Decentralized networks are more resilient to outages than
             | the electrical supply of some countries. It may not make
             | sense for you to use but millions around the world have
             | found a use for it.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | What a whole lot of nonsense. Blockchains operate on the
               | basis of one dollar one vote. There's nothing egalitarian
               | (not to mention democratic) about this. A central bank,
               | on the other hand, is a public institution with a public
               | mandate.
               | 
               | By the way, currency debasement is not an economic term.
               | The only people who use it are conspiracy theorists and
               | crackpots, as far as I know.
        
               | corv wrote:
               | You're so close to an ad hominem that I can hardly be
               | persuaded to reply but your confusion has taken the
               | better of me.
               | 
               | Proof of stake blockchains operate on the basis of more
               | dollars = more votes, for this to be true for proof of
               | work blockchains one would first need to spend that
               | capital for mining equipment.
               | 
               | It is very egalitarian since everyone can participate on
               | an equal footing, everyone can run a node and get a
               | complete copy of all transactions and verify correctness.
               | It is challenging and expensive to get the same kind of
               | insight into the stock market.
               | 
               | The European Central Bank has arguably failed its mandate
               | of keeping price stability within the eurozone when some
               | countries have more than 20% inflation.
               | 
               | Currency debasement is more commonly known related to
               | coins but I'll leave the term as is
        
               | yokem55 wrote:
               | > Proof of stake blockchains operate on the basis of more
               | dollars = more votes, for this to be true for proof of
               | work blockchains one would first need to spend that
               | capital for mining equipment.
               | 
               | Just to clarify - this really depends on which chains you
               | are talking about. Some proof of stake chains implement
               | direct on chain governance, in which stake does directly
               | translate into explicit voting power to implement policy
               | changes. Polkadot in particular does this. But Ethereum,
               | does not have anything resembling on-chain governance.
               | Ethereum validators have no more say in what makes for
               | valid ethereum blocks then what proof of work miners had
               | to say. The folks that really matter is everyone running
               | non-validating nodes and the people who choose to
               | interact with those nodes for their transactions or
               | inspecting the chain history.
        
               | lossolo wrote:
               | > The European Central Bank has arguably failed its
               | mandate of keeping price stability within the eurozone
               | when some countries have more than 20% inflation.
               | 
               | It's not that simple. They could rise interest rates more
               | but Italy and Greece would probably default on its debt,
               | which would make euro a lot more unstable than keeping
               | 20% inflation rate in three very small eastern european
               | countries which corresponds to 3.6% of the whole EU
               | population. Current inflation in euro zone is ~10%.
        
               | FridgeSeal wrote:
               | > It is very egalitarian since everyone can participate
               | on an equal footing, everyone can run a node and get a
               | complete copy of all transactions and verify correctness
               | 
               | I have friends that can pay rent but don't have much left
               | over. There are people in my city that live hand to
               | mouth. I know plenty of people who are well off enough,
               | but aren't ever going to (or have the technical
               | inclination, or sore cash to) run a node.
               | 
               | > get a complete copy of all transactions and verify
               | correctness
               | 
               | I'm sure this is a real benefit for all the single
               | parents struggling to feed and cloth their kid.
               | 
               | The reality is, most people don't have the resources
               | (time, technical or monetary) to participate in
               | "egalitarian" crypto currencies. Moreover, even if they
               | all did, it still wouldn't be egalitarian, because they'd
               | still be out-purchased by those with capital. So we're
               | back to where we started, except with more e-waste,
               | energy bills and more exaggerated hyper-capitalism.
        
               | corv wrote:
               | Well exactly, had these single parents bought Bitcoin or
               | Ethereum years ago they wouldn't be struggling now.
               | 
               | One doesn't need to run a node to use the system but it
               | is accessible to everyone, just as the code is there to
               | be scrutinized publicly.
               | 
               | The entire point was to reform currency where economic
               | policy is more predictable and the currency less
               | susceptible to kleptocracy.
               | 
               | Interestingly enough the inflation rate of both Bitcoin
               | and Ethereum is now lower than that of major world
               | currencies. So while volatility still needs to trend
               | lower for day to day usage, the case for a store of value
               | has already been established in the past decade and
               | anyone can see the price history and number of wallets
               | increasing exponentially.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | > It is very egalitarian since everyone can participate
               | on an equal footing
               | 
               | Errr, no. One dollar one vote is not equal footing. If
               | you have more dollars you can buy more votes. That's the
               | opposite of egalitarian.
        
               | m00dy wrote:
               | > public institution with a public mandate
               | 
               | Fed's Powell begging people to quit their jobs atm. So,
               | it this the public mandate you are talking about?
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Powell begging people to quit their jobs_
               | 
               | Out of curiosity, where did you read this?
        
               | SamReidHughes wrote:
               | Probably meant to say begging for people to get laid off
               | (the economy to cool down).
        
               | sbolt wrote:
               | From a legal perspective do Crypto transfers over 10k
               | have to be reported too?
        
               | corv wrote:
               | According to newly announced regulations crypto transfers
               | over 1000 Euros are to be scrutinized. How exactly this
               | will be enforced is not clear to me.
               | 
               | Also noteworthy, cash payments are limited to 10,000
               | Euros (1000 Euro in Spain)
        
             | patrickaljord wrote:
             | > You have the choice between a free, transparent
             | 
             | Transparent you say? Could you point me to the SEPA
             | explorer where I can inspect every single transaction and
             | account balance please? Here is the one for ethereum
             | https://etherscan.io/ and for bitcoin
             | https://blockchair.com/bitcoin/transactions
        
               | JanSt wrote:
               | SEPA is transparent for authorities though.
               | 
               | Ethereum and Bitcoin are transparent on transactions but
               | intransparent on beneficial owner. Who is Satoshi?
        
               | patrickaljord wrote:
               | So SEPA allows the government to spy on us while being a
               | black box to the rest of us while Ethereum and Bitcoin
               | are fully transparent while protecting our privacy. Not
               | sure how this is a good point in favor of SEPA but ok.
        
             | mopsi wrote:
             | You forgot to mention UX. SEPA payments have horrible user
             | experience. The "modern" way of receiving money in
             | automated manner in Europe and using SEPA is through
             | payment providers. On checkout, customers get redirected to
             | payment providers with strange startup names they've never
             | heard about to initiate a transaction, and then redirected
             | to their bank to log in and approve the initiated
             | transaction. This is basically training people to accept
             | phishing and MITM attacks.
             | 
             | Checkout via Paypal or debit/credit cards is much more
             | straightforward and user-friendly, which is why they are
             | still widely used (along with local services like Swish). A
             | crypto wallet app that just requires scanning a QR code is
             | even better, and miles ahead of anything SEPA/PSD2 offers
             | in terms of user experience.
        
             | MomoXenosaga wrote:
             | Absolutely true and I use it daily however some people want
             | to dodge taxes or pay for child prostitutes. In which case
             | the official banking channels are unusable.
        
           | FormerBandmate wrote:
           | There are no sources to be found because no one even knows
           | what country Binance operates out of. They're deliberately as
           | opaque as possible
        
       | rchaud wrote:
       | > managing director, Pierre van Helden, said Cape Town-based
       | FiveWest receives a "minimal yearly license fee" from Binance to
       | facilitate crypto derivatives trading for Binance's South African
       | users. "How Binance operates globally is unclear to us," van
       | Helden said. He added that Zhao's company was "cooperative" on
       | compliance and said FiveWest has regular meetings to ensure
       | requirements are met.
       | 
       | I was wondering how an audit for a company moving billions of
       | dollars ended up in the hands of a South African branch office of
       | an accounting firm (Mazars).
        
       | aaroninsf wrote:
       | "Box" is a funny word for something that has the silhouette of a
       | tetrahedron?
        
       | yalogin wrote:
       | We got really lucky that the crypto industry is not regulated. If
       | it were, the politicians would have gotten the opportunity to
       | bail SBF out. Of course they wouldn't want all the job losses!
        
       | JumpCrisscross wrote:
       | > _exchange said it dealt with net outflows of around $6 billion
       | over 72 hours last week_
       | 
       | Has anyone tried to verify this?
        
         | chollida1 wrote:
         | https://cryptoquant.com/asset/btc/chart/exchange-flows/excha...
         | 
         | its measurable on chain if you know what wallet addresses to
         | watch, which can be crowd sourced by people taking money off
         | exchanges.
        
         | rsanaie wrote:
         | I cashed out of binance and the funds were wired into my
         | account within 48hrs, thank god!
        
       | kepler1 wrote:
       | Ahem. According to this story, we're supposed to use the term
       | "flight recorder" now, not "black box":
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34039816
        
         | quesera wrote:
         | There is more than one kind of black box. The article refers to
         | one of the kinds that is not a flight recorder.
         | 
         | Aside from that, your comment is not likely to generate
         | constructive conversation.
        
           | greenyoda wrote:
           | In particular:
           | 
           | > _In science, computing, and engineering, a black box is a
           | system which can be viewed in terms of its inputs and outputs
           | (or transfer characteristics), without any knowledge of its
           | internal workings. Its implementation is "opaque" (black).
           | The term can be used to refer to many inner workings, such as
           | those of a transistor, an engine, an algorithm, the human
           | brain, or an institution or government._
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_box
        
         | ericpauley wrote:
         | Sibling comments aside, flight data recorders are (by design)
         | not black, so the name really doesn't make any sense.
        
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