[HN Gopher] Heat exchanger header with fractal geometry
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       Heat exchanger header with fractal geometry
        
       Author : themodelplumber
       Score  : 32 points
       Date   : 2023-01-11 20:48 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (patents.google.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (patents.google.com)
        
       | steeve wrote:
       | Related: "3D Printed Heat Exchanger Uses Gyroids for Better
       | Cooling"
       | 
       | In short: 2x smaller, 2x more efficient
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qifd3yn9S0
       | 
       | In general, algorithmic engineering and AI designs are where 3D
       | printing can really shine.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | 1/2 the volume, which is 40% smaller diameter (Assuming the
         | length is kept, which as a drop-in replacement it would have to
         | be?)
         | 
         | The inventor talks about how the internal structure is based on
         | minimizing surface area. That would of course reduce the
         | material but in a heat exchanger don't you want to _maximize_
         | surface area, not minimize it? Especially if your heat
         | exchanger has a higher thermal transfer rate than the fluids.
         | It makes me wonder if there 's an answer to this design that's
         | another 20% smaller.
        
           | fnordpiglet wrote:
           | Yeah I did this about 3 years back using thermally conducting
           | filament, the goal is exactly that - maximize surface area
           | while maximizing float through the manifold. It's actually
           | stupidly easy to do these days with cura. Make your heat sink
           | shape, say a cube, and slice it with zero wall thickness and
           | gyroid infill. Then attach to a copper plate, and add a fan
           | to the top. The problem is materials. Most people don't have
           | the ability to print in copper or aluminum. The thermally
           | conducive filaments are absurdly expensive (like $120/kg) and
           | the conductivity isn't that great, so you can generally do
           | better with a fin based thing in copper or aluminum. I think
           | it would be possible to make a filament with aligned graphene
           | in the filament that does really well, but I'm not that hard
           | core. Another idea I have is building these out of graphene
           | aligned in a super critical bath of silver. But that requires
           | some serious equipment for the pressures and temperatures.
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | I believe 'minimal surface' is a technical term for these
           | types of shapes:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_surface
        
       | mechhacker wrote:
       | Would like to see how it handles thermal cycles
        
       | wwqrd wrote:
       | Good example of when obvious patents harm innovation.
        
       | pifm_guy wrote:
       | I 3d printed this well before 2019... Made in plastic as a
       | prototype heat exchanger designed in openscad.
       | 
       | Is there anything I can do, or must I now shelve my project
       | because I didn't see this patent be filed?
        
         | elil17 wrote:
         | Did you publicly publish your work? E.g. blog post, youtube
         | video, etc. Could be as simple as a single photo or a brief
         | written description of the design.
         | 
         | If so, you're good to continue your work. You could even try to
         | help the patent examiner find your work by publishing it and
         | using keywords related to the patent.
        
       | FatActor wrote:
       | Is that really fractal in the sense of fractional dimension? Or
       | is it just self-similar? I watched a video on this for 3b1b and
       | it undid 30 years of thinking I knew what "fractal" meant and now
       | I know nothing.
        
         | sfpotter wrote:
         | If you really want something to be fractal, there needs to be a
         | limiting process. You can't refine something infinitely in
         | physical space, because of fundamental physical limits. So, you
         | could say it is "only" self-similar. But this is kind of
         | missing the point. The engineering benefits of something
         | "being" fractal are realized in this case even though the
         | limiting process terminates below a certain point.
        
         | prvc wrote:
         | No material object can be "fractal"--- it is just being used as
         | a buzzword here.
        
       | elil17 wrote:
       | FYI, this is not something that people are looking to use outside
       | of aerospace. The heat exchangers in homes, factories, power
       | plants, etc. are designed to be energy efficient and cheap. This
       | is designed to be extremely light weight and 3D printed. It's
       | much, much more expensive than anything used outside of
       | aerospace.
        
       | s_tec wrote:
       | I feel like this is an obvious idea, but we simply haven't had
       | the 3D printing technology to make things like this before.
       | Casting this using traditional methods would be extremely
       | difficult. Nobody bothered making stuff like this, not because
       | they never thought of it, but because it was always too
       | expensive.
        
         | Taniwha wrote:
         | It's essentially how any mammal cools itself - so yeah, pretty
         | obvious
        
           | elil17 wrote:
           | The header is not actually meant for cooling, just to
           | distribute the fluid evenly across the heat exchanger. 3D
           | printed heat exchangers use shapes like gyroids.
        
       | sacnoradhq wrote:
       | Seems pretty obvious: maximum surface area with minimum
       | backpressure, the design becomes like "lungs" or "placenta"
       | branching from "artery" down in steps to "blood vessels". It
       | looks like some early jet turbine combustors.
       | 
       | "Kidneys" and reverse osmosis cartridges OTOH appear to function
       | for optimizing for different constraints involving liquids and
       | pressure.
        
       | jhallenworld wrote:
       | It seems like it would massively complicate heat exchanger
       | repair..
       | 
       | I learned of an obscure tool recently- a roller tube expander.
       | You use this to tight-fit a tube in a boiler's tube-sheet. So you
       | can install or replace tubes in pressure vessels such as a
       | boilers or heat exchangers. Check it out:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7UQKNapTBE
       | 
       | Failure:
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/HlXVP2HHTfo?t=696
       | 
       | Repair:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7znd-hpy2Vc&t=708s
        
         | elil17 wrote:
         | This is for aerospace heat exchangers, where weight is the
         | primary concern. This would not be used along-side tube-base
         | heat exchangers, but rather with 3D printed heat exchangers.
        
         | nixonpjoshua1 wrote:
         | I think this is why this application is a military helicopter
         | part where weight savings are at a premium and budgets are not.
        
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