[HN Gopher] History of Web Browser Engines from 1990 until today... ___________________________________________________________________ History of Web Browser Engines from 1990 until today (2022) Author : phil294 Score : 126 points Date : 2023-01-13 15:58 UTC (7 hours ago) (HTM) web link (eylenburg.github.io) (TXT) w3m dump (eylenburg.github.io) | gnufx wrote: | Others I know of: MMM (CAML Light with applets, '90s), Emacs/W3 | (which Bill Perry claimed had the first CSS implementation), | Abaco (Plan9) | jmyeet wrote: | Obligatory reference to the inverse relationship between Firefox | market share and the Mozilla Foundation's chair's compensation | [1]. | | It is sad to see Firefox become so irrelevant. As much as people | blame Google for this (and it is true Google relentlessly pushed | Chrome) but people forget just how innovative Chrome was and how | Firefox didn't respond to these issues. | | I remember when Chrome launched and it was revolutionary how it | was one-process-per-tab (technically, it's site isolation not tab | isolation but let's not get lost in the sauce). No longer could | an errant website take down your entire browser (mostly). I kept | wondering why Firefox didn't copy this. It took them years. What | were they doing? | | Now I appreciate Mozilla bringing Rust into existence (not | without problems and early design mistakes [2]) but the initial | goal seemed to be rewriting the browser in a memory-safe language | and that never seem to eventuate.. | | [1]: https://calpaterson.com/mozilla.html | | [2]: https://www.pingcap.com/blog/rust-compilation-model- | calamity... | zackmorris wrote: | Wow I didn't know that! Looks like it's $3 million now: | | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell_Baker | | An entire web browser could be written from scratch | independently for that kinda cash. | | That's so disappointing that I don't think I can ever look at | Mozilla or Firefox the same way again. As a software engineer, | I would not work at an organization with such a huge | discrepancy in pay. It almost makes me feel better about a | lifetime of failure, so I guess I should be grateful. | | It's just looking more and more every day like wealth | inequality is the great problem of our time, effectively | halting progress beyond a certain point. | vkou wrote: | > An entire web browser could be written from scratch | independently for that kinda cash. | | Only if you think you could re-implement Twitter in a | weekend. | [deleted] | [deleted] | noAnswer wrote: | > I remember when Chrome launched and it was revolutionary how | it was one-process-per-tab (technically, it's site isolation | not tab isolation but let's not get lost in the sauce). No | longer could an errant website take down your entire browser | (mostly) | | I still used Opera 12 in 2016 when I finally searched for an | alternative. Not only did websites crash(upside down bird) way | more often in Chrome (multiple times a week in Chrome vs. once | every two weeks in Opera), but every time a crashed tab took | the entire browser with it! It's one of those times where you | question reality. Everyone says one thing, your experience says | something else! | | It literally took years for that feature to materialise. | Now(tm) if a tab crashes, the browser stays. Since I'm a | Vivaldi user now I couldn't even tell if that's more Vivaldi's | or Chrome's doing. | | I also remember, opening a new tab in Opera 12 was without | delay. You gave the command and it was just there. On Chrome, | with a !EIGHT!YEAR!newer! CPU it took 3 to 4 seconds! I figured | it must be the 4MB JPG background image I chose. Sure enough, | it was the image. Without it, it was still 1/2 seconds to open | a new tab, though. Only now, with an even newer CPU, it feels | on par with Opera 12. | pwdisswordfish9 wrote: | > This promising engine [Servo] was developed by Mozilla[...] | Mozilla fired a quarter of their developers, which apparently | included the whole Servo team. There have still been some commits | to the code since then (presumably by hobbyists) but it is | questionable if Servo will have a future. | | Why do people keep framing the story this way? Servo's future is | in Gecko. | | always_has_been.jpg | | The Servo _repo_ was a testbed that allowed people to work on | new, Rust-based browser components without anyone having to pass | the type of code reviews that are necessary for a _production Web | browser that is by the way already continually shipping to | millions of existing users_. | | This (far too common) meme of Servo as a somehow failed separate | browser engine that was supposed to, I dunno, be swapped out at | some indefinite point and retire the lizard or something is very | weird. | santoshalper wrote: | "Gecko (Firefox). Down to 4% market share, mismanaged by Mozilla | which prioritizes pushing its toxic politics over improving the | browser." | | Unlike the author, who clearly has no agenda or axe to grind. | [deleted] | Y_Y wrote: | I love Firefox the browser, but they keep throwing stuff at me | that I have no interest in. After the Pocket debacle and the | Mr. Robot thing I stopped paying attention, but I bet if I | found out what colorways was or that new little pinned tab | thing then I'd get upset too. | | All that to say, I think a personal blog is a better place to | grind axes than the start page of a hugely important software | tool. | sfink wrote: | Is the presence of Pocket pushing toxic politics, or is it | the Mr. Robot extension? | | I understand that people have complaints and want to hang | onto others' past mistakes, but I fail to see how either of | those (Pocket&Robot) can be classified as either toxic | politics or axe grinding. | | They're both monetization tactics that many people disliked. | Which somehow resulted in people finding Mozilla untouchable, | because apparently nobody else has problematic monetization | attempts? | awelxtr wrote: | I'm ootl, Pocket debacle? | johnny22 wrote: | really out of the loop then, because it was like 5 years | ago or so :) Firefox add a button to integrate a third | party service (pocket) in the default install and i think | it added it to your current pinned icon areas (where | extension button go). It was also not implemented as a | proper extension, so you couldn't actually remove support | for it, but only the icon. | | Later on Mozilla did buy pocket, so it was no longer third | party. | | Anyways, a lot of people got super mad with the way they | went about it. | awelxtr wrote: | thank you! | password4321 wrote: | It might be worth removing the word "toxic"; is it not clear | that " _Mozilla prioritizes pushing its [...] politics over | improving the browser_ "? | | https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/manifesto/ | DonHopkins wrote: | The CEO of Mozilla infamous for his toxic homophobic anti-gay- | marriage politics of hate and bigotry resigned from Mozilla of | his own free will, and was not fired or pushed out, as his | GamerGate fanboys love to falsely claim. | | (Some of many examples of people pushing that false claim: | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14994164 | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24145537 | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7566200 ) | | He confirmed the fact that he resigned in his own words on his | very own blog. In fact, the Mozilla board begged him to stay. | The idea that he was pushed out or fired is just yet another | false GamerGate conspiracy theory. | | https://blog.mozilla.org/en/mozilla/faq-on-ceo-resignation/ | | >1. Brendan was not fired and was not asked by the Board to | resign. Brendan voluntarily submitted his resignation. The | Board acted in response by inviting him to remain at Mozilla in | another C-level position. Brendan declined that offer. The | Board respects his decision. | | >Q: Was Brendan Eich fired? | | >A: No, Brendan Eich resigned. Brendan himself said: | | >"I have decided to resign as CEO effective April 3rd, and | leave Mozilla. Our mission is bigger than any one of us, and | under the present circumstances, I cannot be an effective | leader. I will be taking time before I decide what to do next." | | >Brendan Eich also blogged on this topic. | | https://brendaneich.com/2014/04/the-next-mission/ | | >Q: Was Brendan Eich asked to resign by the Board? | | >A: No. It was Brendan's idea to resign, and in fact, once he | submitted his resignation, Board members tried to get Brendan | to stay at Mozilla in another C-level role. | throw-7462637 wrote: | How sad and tired that you have to keep dragging up this old | story. I'm not going to go in the merits but may I suggest | it's time for forgiveness and reconciliation? | agloeregrets wrote: | Lol that whole page was clearly built to make some people | happy but goes WAY too far down the rabbit hole to make sure | the homophobes feel included. | wussboy wrote: | Right? Because that's totally why Firefox's market share has | gone down and is not at all related to a billion dollar | corporation ruthlessly and relentlessly pushing its | competitor... | lolinder wrote: | Mozilla is hopelessly mismanaged. | | The entire Android app was overhauled a while back, dropping | functionally and decreasing stability, and has since been | pretty much ignored even though it is still missing features | and is still painfully clunky and prone to crash. The | developer tools on the desktop app were ahead of Chrome but | have stagnated, and they're slow to adopt new standards, but | they somehow find time to add things no one asked for like | Colorways and a VPN. | | I want Firefox to get its traction back, but it's hard to | cheer for Mozilla or blame Google when I see them twiddling | their thumbs like this. | bbarnett wrote: | _I want Firefox to get its traction back, but it 's hard to | cheer for Mozilla or blame Google when I see them twiddling | their thumbs like this._ | | I don't think this will happen. I think they will just fade | away. They are completely dysfunctional now. | | Some say it is due to the whole woke movement, and it may | be, but really, I see it as due to politics. | | By that I mean, politics is nothing but divisive, and if | you introduce it into a company, as a corporate culture, | you're going to regret it. | | IMO, work is where you leave religion, and politics(the | other religion) at home. | | And Mozilla is paying the price for letting it in. | mistrial9 wrote: | > due to the whole woke movement | | yes, and forcing out there reasonable CEO for a purity | test, long ago.. HELO BRAVE | kome wrote: | "The entire Android app was overhauled a while back, | dropping functionally and decreasing stability" | | And yet it's the only mainstream browser for android that | support, natively, ad-blocking. Using chrome on mobile is a | joke. | mattlondon wrote: | Edge on android blocks ads. | VancouverMan wrote: | Regardless of how much or how strongly Chrome may have been | advertised, we can't forget that a lot of IE and Firefox | users ultimately decided to try Chrome, then went ahead and | actually installed Chrome, then actively used Chrome, and | most importantly, decided to keep on using Chrome instead of | the other browser(s). | | All of that didn't just happen because of advertising. It | happened become Chrome offered very compelling benefits over | its competitors. | | For many users, Chrome was faster, lighter, more secure, and | offered a better all-around user experience than its | competitors did. Even now, that's still largely the case. | | Advertising alone can't make that happen. | kome wrote: | "Regardless of how much or how strongly Chrome may have | been advertised, we can't forget that a lot of IE and | Firefox users ultimately decided to try Chrome" | | Google for years installed Chrome using installers of other | applications, like malware. I am talking of 10 years ago, | that was common practice for google, on windows. So a lot | of users found themselves using Chrome without even knowing | they were using chrome. | unethical_ban wrote: | Firefox didn't always work as well in an SSO corporate | environment, where Chrome was able to shoe-in for IE. | | From a sysadmin perspective, Firefox having its own cert | store instead of relying on system store was an extra | hurdle for corp IT people. | | Then there is the fact that Chrome goes out of its way to | integrate with Google's other properties which they market | to corporations to replace Office. | | So I'm saying, I believe FF would have done better if they | tried harder to integrate with corporate environments | without compromising on their capability and independence. | Name recognition is a big thing. | londons_explore wrote: | Mozilla had a lot of goodwill, particularly in the tech | world. With the right strategy, they could have translated | that into thousands of influential websites encouraging users | to use Firefox. | | Things like releasing features for firefox users first, | because devs like firefox and it had better devtools, would | have kept the firefox userbase afloat. | | Instead the mozilla devtools have been allowed to fall | behind, web apps are no longer developed firefox-first, and | mozilla lost it's opportunity. | mndgs wrote: | Really surprised that FF is only 4% market share now: what did | I miss? Never followed the browser wars, just used what I liked | then (chrome -> opera -> FF for the past year or so..). Turns | out I'm on the sinking ship... | dblohm7 wrote: | > Really surprised that FF is only 4% market share now: what | did I miss? | | The explosion of mobile. | vkou wrote: | > what did I miss? | | You missed the pre-installed browser and applications bundled | with your computer becoming good enough that ~nobody is going | to www.firefox.com to download a browser on a fresh install. | This isn't 2004, you no longer need to spend three hours | downloading software to make a fresh install of Windows | usable. | | That, and a weak mobile app. | orangeoxidation wrote: | > what did I miss | | Mobile is eating the web. Mobile (Android - it's all Safari | on iOs) Firefox is a bad experience. | londons_explore wrote: | > pushing its toxic politics | | While I wouldn't describe Mozilla leadership as that... I don't | think you'll find many people who think Mozilla leadership have | made good strategic decisions in the last 5 years. | [deleted] | RealCodingOtaku wrote: | Also, "Goanna (Pale Moon), a fork of an old version of Gecko. | At 0% market share and always at risk of not catching up with | _the newest web standards that Google invents_ ". | | Google don't make web standards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_standards | agloeregrets wrote: | Ahahah... We have someone who thinks that the W3C/OWF has any | real power. That's hilarious. | | This is what actually happens: 1. Google (Who is a member of | both W3C and OWF) announces a plan/ships a feature. 2. With | 80% of the browser market, people use it or get excited by | it. 3. The W3C/OWF ratifies the feature as a standard. | | This is literally how 90% of web standards happen today. | Y_Y wrote: | Cool graph, but I think in cases where. Lot of your data ends up | indistinguishable from zeros it's better to use something like a | log scale. We all know Chrome is the biggest by far, but I have | now well to tell how the usage of, say, Links has changed over | time. | acheron wrote: | First graphical browser I used was Slipknot [0], which doesn't | appear to be listed. | | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SlipKnot_(web_browser) | | (Edit: I see it now, must have skipped over it before.) | hiena03 wrote: | It's a shame Opera didn't go to the open source route. Opera with | Presto was a great browser. | egberts1 wrote: | Add-On topic of what I think is the most important component of a | web browser: A timeline of JavaScript Just-In-Time (JIT) engines. | | https://egbert.net/blog/tags/jit.html | | sorry, last time I checked on March 2022, Google Chrome cannot | negotiate for my ChaCha-only TLS website; instead try using a | Safari, Brave, Firefox, Edge, Aloha, OnionBrowser, Orion, Links, | or Lynx web broswer, to name a few). | | Meanwhile it is an ongoing crazy ride just mapping the evolution | of WASM (in my next planned blog). | kccqzy wrote: | I did a Wireshark capture. It's your server that sends back a | TLS alert for handshake failure. | | Now, Chrome certainly supports ChaCha20 and Poly1305, but it | could be that your server is rejecting some other extensions in | Chrome's Client Hello. | password4321 wrote: | This actually sounds like a great way to hide from most of | Google's influence; thanks! | | edit: My main interest is whether or not this blocks Googlebot. | londons_explore wrote: | It's easy enough to block Googlebot... It obeys robots.txt | and has a distinctive user agent... | egberts1 wrote: | An accidental discovery on my part that came from | strengthening my website. | | It was never about maximizing my readership, just the ones | that know what they are doing. | mattlondon wrote: | Doesn't work on edge. ERR_SSL_VERSION_OR_CIPHER_MISMATCH | shadowgovt wrote: | https://web.archive.org/web/20230113174325/Https://egbert.ne... | [deleted] | londons_explore wrote: | Perhaps send them a pull request to fix it, and see what they | say? | | I can't really imagine why they wouldn't want to support it... | I wonder if it was an oversight rather than a policy decision? | egberts1 wrote: | I merely configured the website server TLS protocol to my | exacting specs (in cryptographic and network security | theatre) and Chrome failed because its client "demands" the | non-ChaCha variants despite my TLS server INSISTING "my way | or the highway". | | Beside, I am quite partial toward Firefox browser so there is | little benefit for me to file a report to help Firefox's | competitors. | londons_explore wrote: | Looking again, your server is rejecting their HELO message. | You seem to be using a modern cipher yet requiring a legacy | (http/1.1) protocol, which I suspect is the issue. Adding | an advertisement for TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 to every | TLS 1.3 handshake worldwide would add a _lot_ of gigabytes | of global bandwidth, for support of an awfully unusual | configuration. Those 4 bytes in every http request globally | probably isn 't worth it just for you. | | Take a look at this trace [1]. | | I think it's pretty clear the client is offering a bunch of | things, including TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256, and your | server just replies 'nah, goodbye'. | | Perhaps your server doesn't like the ESNI extension? | | [1]: https://pastebin.com/ffP4cPJi | [deleted] | [deleted] | superkuh wrote: | Yes, corporation persons desperately want people to move | to http/2 and http/3 for for-profit reasons. They're | terrible protocols for human persons though. Phasing out | http/1.1 support in chrome/etc means phasing out the | ability to host a website that can be visited by someone | you don't know without the continued permission from a | third party TLS CA. | jwilk wrote: | It's still broken in Google Chrome 109 (the latest stable | version) on Linux: | | > _egbert.net uses an unsupported protocol._ | | > _ERR_SSL_VERSION_OR_CIPHER_MISMATCH_ | egberts1 wrote: | which is what I expected given that Google Chrome chose to | ignore the server's "my options only or nothing". | jonahbenton wrote: | I wrote a browser for Macs (System 7) in 1995-7 through a | contract with James Gleick's Pipeline ISP [0], commercially | available in the US. Don't see it listed, will reach out. | | 0. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pipeline | gernb wrote: | What does it mean "WebKit peak 49% market share" in 2012. That | doesn't pass the sniff test. AFAIK, Safari never had a big | install based on Windows and MacOS+iOS certainly didn't account | for 49% of web traffic in 2012 | cpeterso wrote: | The page is about browser engines, not browsers. Chrome was | still using WebKit in 2012. Chrome switched to Blink in 2013. | normaljoe wrote: | Chrome used WebKit until the Blink fork in 2013. That should | make the numbers work. :) | no_wizard wrote: | Interesting synopsis and confirms something I've always felt: | There was never really a plurality of web browsers, there was | always one that held an outsized majority vs the rest and drove | web development practice. The closest, perhaps, was a brief | period before Chrome became dominate and IE was waning fast, | where I believe Safari, Firefox, and Chrome held approximately | the same market share vs IE, which would be in the 2010-2013 era | (peak Webkit was 2012), which I personally regard as one of the | most interest times to be both on the web and be a web developer, | it was also before Chrome forked Webkit fully IIRC. | | FWIW, I know having Chrome / Chromium as the overwhelming | majority browser is not great, if for the sheer fact competition | keeps everyone "honest" in a way, but they are by far the most | "benevolent" from a developer perspective. IE was truly both | stagnant and terrible. | | EDIT: that's not to say I approve the Chromium dominance, as a | daily Firefox user especially, but I would be lying if I said, | from a developer perspective, that Chromium hasn't been pretty | good so far on balance. They do innovate. They do push new | features. They do usually support the latest specs. Though again, | I don't approve of it being so dominate, I'd prefer a plurality. | Its a shame that Microsoft didn't use Firefox as its base for new | Edge | jedberg wrote: | > which would be in the 2010-2013 era (peak Webkit was 2012), | which I personally regard as one of the most interest times to | be both on the web and be a web developer | | Oh man, it depends on your definition of interesting. That was | the time we had 3-5 engineers at reddit, and let me tell you, | making reddit work for all the browsers was awful (and I barely | had anything to do with it, it mostly fell on the other guys). | It got to the point where every reddit page had "Fuck ie6" as a | comment somewhere in the html, because a bunch of people were | still using it and it didn't support a lot of the stuff the | other browsers did. | | While the consolidation of browsers isn't great from a market | perspective, it's been great for developers sanity. :) | no_wizard wrote: | Yes, dealing with IE (even IE 11, up until the last 2-3 years | for me) was a pain back then, as it was circa 2020. | | That said, it saw a lot of innovations broadly, web | development was taken alot more seriously as a profession, | and saw some interesting frameworks come out (Ember, Angular, | and later React) and jQuery sure made life easier by that | time. | | I even have some fond memories of KnockoutJS. My most | favorite, and probably most underrated framework in the | history of web development, was SproutCore, which had legs at | this time. | | From a culture side (user?) it was the heyday of things like | Delicious, Foursquare, Good Twitter (IMO) and blog rolls. | Mobile web was rolling out in earnest. Alot of innovation was | happening in this space. | [deleted] | deburo wrote: | Haha, I was interviewing for an internship in those years, | and I remember asking the only webdev guy there if he thought | he had the coolest job in the company (I sure thought that | the web was better than Windows). The guy just looked at me | like I was crazy. | password4321 wrote: | Saying ' _Chrome / Chromium [...] are by far the most | "benevolent" from a developer perspective_' is painting a bit | of a target on your back here, I think. | | edit: (over Firefox, sorry I wasn't clear) | vkou wrote: | > is painting a bit of a target on your back here, I think. | | Only for anyone who has forgotten just how wretched and | stagnant IE6 was, and how long the web ossified around it, | and how much work it took to overcome the inertia of a crappy | browser[1] shipped by a monopolist that _did not want you to | use the web_. | | There are many legitimate reasons to grouse about Chrome, | Google, Google owning Chrome, etc, but the problems | surrounding it are, I feel, an order of magnitude smaller | than what we had in the 00s. | | [1] The delta between IE6 and Firefox 1.0 was incredible, and | everyone working on the web _despised_ the work required to | make websites work on the former. | irrational wrote: | But... Firefox came out before Chrome. It's not like we had | to use IE6 until Chrome came out. I started using Firefox | as soon as it came out and have used it continuously ever | since. | boundlessdreamz wrote: | For an end user, Firefox was great. But the wide | prevalence of IE meant that | | * Sometimes sites worked only in IE or broke subtly in | other browsers. The subtle breaking could be layout | differences or functionality not available/working | because the developers used IE specific | technology/javascript | | * Developers had to code for the lowest common | denominator - IE. It really held back web applications | | * Debugging any errors in IE was a royal pain | no_wizard wrote: | I mean, on balance, compared with the IE reigning years, | Chromium is better than that, and its been mostly (again, | from a developer perspective) a net positive in day to day | developers lives that Chrome has not stagnated and new | features ship. | | That however, is not to say that its okay. There's other, | broader issues than just developer experience to care about | here, like what a Google dominated web means, because via | Chrome, they can push a great deal around how the web | actually works, which is a net loss to society. It can stifle | other innovations. Things of that nature. | | Good DX isn't the whole story | smm11 wrote: | I use Firefox for M365 access, since it assumes nothing from | Windows, and doesn't try to suck everything in like Chrome. | Edge for 365 can't figure out which of the 11 accounts it finds | should be the one I'd like to use. | lordnacho wrote: | Common story with platforms, isn't it? It's like a huge magnet | drawing everyone to Windows or Intel. | | I wonder how much is end user driven, and how much is | intermediary driven though. Is it that the customers are only | comfortable with one item in each category, or is it the middle | men who prefer to sell things that are all connected by the | same platform? | doublerabbit wrote: | Psychology plays a big part, change and differences. Folk | don't like change nor difference. You have to be willing to | embrace it. | | You can do this yourself. Watch your mind freakout and give | yourself a panic attack if you were to drag an frequented | used app; icon from your phone in to an obscure new location | or app folder. Frequent bookmark to another folder or off the | bookmark bar. | | You get used to it but change is scary because its unknown | and so unless you can adjust the user quickly and promptly | they will reject whats given to them. Or innovate something | whole and new thats never been done before. | | Add the fact that major brands have user friendly in hand, | trying to convince someone to install Linux with its clunky | installer as an example; really throws them off edge. | | Nowadays trying to get anyone to change really causes them to | melt and its only going to get worse as we go on further | through the rabbit hole of social media. | | So why change when you already have something that just | works, that your used to and friends with. Even if it | backstabs you with updates, missing icons and leaks your data | to the world. It's still feels like your old friend, cosy and | comforting. | shadowgovt wrote: | It's both. | | The vast, vast bulk of computer users are more interested in | the destination than the journey. They don't really want to | _have_ to care what browser or OS or app they 're using... | They want to manage their finances, or make art, or surf the | web, etc. | | When the destination is the point, small amounts of asymmetry | tends to accrue more asymmetry because it's easier to solve | problems if the help ecosystem is larger to address when the | tool doesn't work the way the user wants it to. | irrational wrote: | > but they are by far the most "benevolent" from a developer | perspective | | Can you clarify what you mean by this? I've been using Firefox | continuously since version 1 for both personal and development | purposes. I've never felt like Firefox was not benevolent. ___________________________________________________________________ (page generated 2023-01-13 23:00 UTC)