[HN Gopher] History of Web Browser Engines from 1990 until today...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       History of Web Browser Engines from 1990 until today (2022)
        
       Author : phil294
       Score  : 126 points
       Date   : 2023-01-13 15:58 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (eylenburg.github.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (eylenburg.github.io)
        
       | gnufx wrote:
       | Others I know of: MMM (CAML Light with applets, '90s), Emacs/W3
       | (which Bill Perry claimed had the first CSS implementation),
       | Abaco (Plan9)
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | Obligatory reference to the inverse relationship between Firefox
       | market share and the Mozilla Foundation's chair's compensation
       | [1].
       | 
       | It is sad to see Firefox become so irrelevant. As much as people
       | blame Google for this (and it is true Google relentlessly pushed
       | Chrome) but people forget just how innovative Chrome was and how
       | Firefox didn't respond to these issues.
       | 
       | I remember when Chrome launched and it was revolutionary how it
       | was one-process-per-tab (technically, it's site isolation not tab
       | isolation but let's not get lost in the sauce). No longer could
       | an errant website take down your entire browser (mostly). I kept
       | wondering why Firefox didn't copy this. It took them years. What
       | were they doing?
       | 
       | Now I appreciate Mozilla bringing Rust into existence (not
       | without problems and early design mistakes [2]) but the initial
       | goal seemed to be rewriting the browser in a memory-safe language
       | and that never seem to eventuate..
       | 
       | [1]: https://calpaterson.com/mozilla.html
       | 
       | [2]: https://www.pingcap.com/blog/rust-compilation-model-
       | calamity...
        
         | zackmorris wrote:
         | Wow I didn't know that! Looks like it's $3 million now:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell_Baker
         | 
         | An entire web browser could be written from scratch
         | independently for that kinda cash.
         | 
         | That's so disappointing that I don't think I can ever look at
         | Mozilla or Firefox the same way again. As a software engineer,
         | I would not work at an organization with such a huge
         | discrepancy in pay. It almost makes me feel better about a
         | lifetime of failure, so I guess I should be grateful.
         | 
         | It's just looking more and more every day like wealth
         | inequality is the great problem of our time, effectively
         | halting progress beyond a certain point.
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | > An entire web browser could be written from scratch
           | independently for that kinda cash.
           | 
           | Only if you think you could re-implement Twitter in a
           | weekend.
        
         | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | noAnswer wrote:
         | > I remember when Chrome launched and it was revolutionary how
         | it was one-process-per-tab (technically, it's site isolation
         | not tab isolation but let's not get lost in the sauce). No
         | longer could an errant website take down your entire browser
         | (mostly)
         | 
         | I still used Opera 12 in 2016 when I finally searched for an
         | alternative. Not only did websites crash(upside down bird) way
         | more often in Chrome (multiple times a week in Chrome vs. once
         | every two weeks in Opera), but every time a crashed tab took
         | the entire browser with it! It's one of those times where you
         | question reality. Everyone says one thing, your experience says
         | something else!
         | 
         | It literally took years for that feature to materialise.
         | Now(tm) if a tab crashes, the browser stays. Since I'm a
         | Vivaldi user now I couldn't even tell if that's more Vivaldi's
         | or Chrome's doing.
         | 
         | I also remember, opening a new tab in Opera 12 was without
         | delay. You gave the command and it was just there. On Chrome,
         | with a !EIGHT!YEAR!newer! CPU it took 3 to 4 seconds! I figured
         | it must be the 4MB JPG background image I chose. Sure enough,
         | it was the image. Without it, it was still 1/2 seconds to open
         | a new tab, though. Only now, with an even newer CPU, it feels
         | on par with Opera 12.
        
       | pwdisswordfish9 wrote:
       | > This promising engine [Servo] was developed by Mozilla[...]
       | Mozilla fired a quarter of their developers, which apparently
       | included the whole Servo team. There have still been some commits
       | to the code since then (presumably by hobbyists) but it is
       | questionable if Servo will have a future.
       | 
       | Why do people keep framing the story this way? Servo's future is
       | in Gecko.
       | 
       | always_has_been.jpg
       | 
       | The Servo _repo_ was a testbed that allowed people to work on
       | new, Rust-based browser components without anyone having to pass
       | the type of code reviews that are necessary for a _production Web
       | browser that is by the way already continually shipping to
       | millions of existing users_.
       | 
       | This (far too common) meme of Servo as a somehow failed separate
       | browser engine that was supposed to, I dunno, be swapped out at
       | some indefinite point and retire the lizard or something is very
       | weird.
        
       | santoshalper wrote:
       | "Gecko (Firefox). Down to 4% market share, mismanaged by Mozilla
       | which prioritizes pushing its toxic politics over improving the
       | browser."
       | 
       | Unlike the author, who clearly has no agenda or axe to grind.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Y_Y wrote:
         | I love Firefox the browser, but they keep throwing stuff at me
         | that I have no interest in. After the Pocket debacle and the
         | Mr. Robot thing I stopped paying attention, but I bet if I
         | found out what colorways was or that new little pinned tab
         | thing then I'd get upset too.
         | 
         | All that to say, I think a personal blog is a better place to
         | grind axes than the start page of a hugely important software
         | tool.
        
           | sfink wrote:
           | Is the presence of Pocket pushing toxic politics, or is it
           | the Mr. Robot extension?
           | 
           | I understand that people have complaints and want to hang
           | onto others' past mistakes, but I fail to see how either of
           | those (Pocket&Robot) can be classified as either toxic
           | politics or axe grinding.
           | 
           | They're both monetization tactics that many people disliked.
           | Which somehow resulted in people finding Mozilla untouchable,
           | because apparently nobody else has problematic monetization
           | attempts?
        
           | awelxtr wrote:
           | I'm ootl, Pocket debacle?
        
             | johnny22 wrote:
             | really out of the loop then, because it was like 5 years
             | ago or so :) Firefox add a button to integrate a third
             | party service (pocket) in the default install and i think
             | it added it to your current pinned icon areas (where
             | extension button go). It was also not implemented as a
             | proper extension, so you couldn't actually remove support
             | for it, but only the icon.
             | 
             | Later on Mozilla did buy pocket, so it was no longer third
             | party.
             | 
             | Anyways, a lot of people got super mad with the way they
             | went about it.
        
               | awelxtr wrote:
               | thank you!
        
         | password4321 wrote:
         | It might be worth removing the word "toxic"; is it not clear
         | that " _Mozilla prioritizes pushing its [...] politics over
         | improving the browser_ "?
         | 
         | https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/manifesto/
        
         | DonHopkins wrote:
         | The CEO of Mozilla infamous for his toxic homophobic anti-gay-
         | marriage politics of hate and bigotry resigned from Mozilla of
         | his own free will, and was not fired or pushed out, as his
         | GamerGate fanboys love to falsely claim.
         | 
         | (Some of many examples of people pushing that false claim:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14994164
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24145537
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7566200 )
         | 
         | He confirmed the fact that he resigned in his own words on his
         | very own blog. In fact, the Mozilla board begged him to stay.
         | The idea that he was pushed out or fired is just yet another
         | false GamerGate conspiracy theory.
         | 
         | https://blog.mozilla.org/en/mozilla/faq-on-ceo-resignation/
         | 
         | >1. Brendan was not fired and was not asked by the Board to
         | resign. Brendan voluntarily submitted his resignation. The
         | Board acted in response by inviting him to remain at Mozilla in
         | another C-level position. Brendan declined that offer. The
         | Board respects his decision.
         | 
         | >Q: Was Brendan Eich fired?
         | 
         | >A: No, Brendan Eich resigned. Brendan himself said:
         | 
         | >"I have decided to resign as CEO effective April 3rd, and
         | leave Mozilla. Our mission is bigger than any one of us, and
         | under the present circumstances, I cannot be an effective
         | leader. I will be taking time before I decide what to do next."
         | 
         | >Brendan Eich also blogged on this topic.
         | 
         | https://brendaneich.com/2014/04/the-next-mission/
         | 
         | >Q: Was Brendan Eich asked to resign by the Board?
         | 
         | >A: No. It was Brendan's idea to resign, and in fact, once he
         | submitted his resignation, Board members tried to get Brendan
         | to stay at Mozilla in another C-level role.
        
           | throw-7462637 wrote:
           | How sad and tired that you have to keep dragging up this old
           | story. I'm not going to go in the merits but may I suggest
           | it's time for forgiveness and reconciliation?
        
           | agloeregrets wrote:
           | Lol that whole page was clearly built to make some people
           | happy but goes WAY too far down the rabbit hole to make sure
           | the homophobes feel included.
        
         | wussboy wrote:
         | Right? Because that's totally why Firefox's market share has
         | gone down and is not at all related to a billion dollar
         | corporation ruthlessly and relentlessly pushing its
         | competitor...
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | Mozilla is hopelessly mismanaged.
           | 
           | The entire Android app was overhauled a while back, dropping
           | functionally and decreasing stability, and has since been
           | pretty much ignored even though it is still missing features
           | and is still painfully clunky and prone to crash. The
           | developer tools on the desktop app were ahead of Chrome but
           | have stagnated, and they're slow to adopt new standards, but
           | they somehow find time to add things no one asked for like
           | Colorways and a VPN.
           | 
           | I want Firefox to get its traction back, but it's hard to
           | cheer for Mozilla or blame Google when I see them twiddling
           | their thumbs like this.
        
             | bbarnett wrote:
             | _I want Firefox to get its traction back, but it 's hard to
             | cheer for Mozilla or blame Google when I see them twiddling
             | their thumbs like this._
             | 
             | I don't think this will happen. I think they will just fade
             | away. They are completely dysfunctional now.
             | 
             | Some say it is due to the whole woke movement, and it may
             | be, but really, I see it as due to politics.
             | 
             | By that I mean, politics is nothing but divisive, and if
             | you introduce it into a company, as a corporate culture,
             | you're going to regret it.
             | 
             | IMO, work is where you leave religion, and politics(the
             | other religion) at home.
             | 
             | And Mozilla is paying the price for letting it in.
        
               | mistrial9 wrote:
               | > due to the whole woke movement
               | 
               | yes, and forcing out there reasonable CEO for a purity
               | test, long ago.. HELO BRAVE
        
             | kome wrote:
             | "The entire Android app was overhauled a while back,
             | dropping functionally and decreasing stability"
             | 
             | And yet it's the only mainstream browser for android that
             | support, natively, ad-blocking. Using chrome on mobile is a
             | joke.
        
               | mattlondon wrote:
               | Edge on android blocks ads.
        
           | VancouverMan wrote:
           | Regardless of how much or how strongly Chrome may have been
           | advertised, we can't forget that a lot of IE and Firefox
           | users ultimately decided to try Chrome, then went ahead and
           | actually installed Chrome, then actively used Chrome, and
           | most importantly, decided to keep on using Chrome instead of
           | the other browser(s).
           | 
           | All of that didn't just happen because of advertising. It
           | happened become Chrome offered very compelling benefits over
           | its competitors.
           | 
           | For many users, Chrome was faster, lighter, more secure, and
           | offered a better all-around user experience than its
           | competitors did. Even now, that's still largely the case.
           | 
           | Advertising alone can't make that happen.
        
             | kome wrote:
             | "Regardless of how much or how strongly Chrome may have
             | been advertised, we can't forget that a lot of IE and
             | Firefox users ultimately decided to try Chrome"
             | 
             | Google for years installed Chrome using installers of other
             | applications, like malware. I am talking of 10 years ago,
             | that was common practice for google, on windows. So a lot
             | of users found themselves using Chrome without even knowing
             | they were using chrome.
        
             | unethical_ban wrote:
             | Firefox didn't always work as well in an SSO corporate
             | environment, where Chrome was able to shoe-in for IE.
             | 
             | From a sysadmin perspective, Firefox having its own cert
             | store instead of relying on system store was an extra
             | hurdle for corp IT people.
             | 
             | Then there is the fact that Chrome goes out of its way to
             | integrate with Google's other properties which they market
             | to corporations to replace Office.
             | 
             | So I'm saying, I believe FF would have done better if they
             | tried harder to integrate with corporate environments
             | without compromising on their capability and independence.
             | Name recognition is a big thing.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Mozilla had a lot of goodwill, particularly in the tech
           | world. With the right strategy, they could have translated
           | that into thousands of influential websites encouraging users
           | to use Firefox.
           | 
           | Things like releasing features for firefox users first,
           | because devs like firefox and it had better devtools, would
           | have kept the firefox userbase afloat.
           | 
           | Instead the mozilla devtools have been allowed to fall
           | behind, web apps are no longer developed firefox-first, and
           | mozilla lost it's opportunity.
        
         | mndgs wrote:
         | Really surprised that FF is only 4% market share now: what did
         | I miss? Never followed the browser wars, just used what I liked
         | then (chrome -> opera -> FF for the past year or so..). Turns
         | out I'm on the sinking ship...
        
           | dblohm7 wrote:
           | > Really surprised that FF is only 4% market share now: what
           | did I miss?
           | 
           | The explosion of mobile.
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | > what did I miss?
           | 
           | You missed the pre-installed browser and applications bundled
           | with your computer becoming good enough that ~nobody is going
           | to www.firefox.com to download a browser on a fresh install.
           | This isn't 2004, you no longer need to spend three hours
           | downloading software to make a fresh install of Windows
           | usable.
           | 
           | That, and a weak mobile app.
        
           | orangeoxidation wrote:
           | > what did I miss
           | 
           | Mobile is eating the web. Mobile (Android - it's all Safari
           | on iOs) Firefox is a bad experience.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | > pushing its toxic politics
         | 
         | While I wouldn't describe Mozilla leadership as that... I don't
         | think you'll find many people who think Mozilla leadership have
         | made good strategic decisions in the last 5 years.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | RealCodingOtaku wrote:
         | Also, "Goanna (Pale Moon), a fork of an old version of Gecko.
         | At 0% market share and always at risk of not catching up with
         | _the newest web standards that Google invents_ ".
         | 
         | Google don't make web standards
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_standards
        
           | agloeregrets wrote:
           | Ahahah... We have someone who thinks that the W3C/OWF has any
           | real power. That's hilarious.
           | 
           | This is what actually happens: 1. Google (Who is a member of
           | both W3C and OWF) announces a plan/ships a feature. 2. With
           | 80% of the browser market, people use it or get excited by
           | it. 3. The W3C/OWF ratifies the feature as a standard.
           | 
           | This is literally how 90% of web standards happen today.
        
       | Y_Y wrote:
       | Cool graph, but I think in cases where. Lot of your data ends up
       | indistinguishable from zeros it's better to use something like a
       | log scale. We all know Chrome is the biggest by far, but I have
       | now well to tell how the usage of, say, Links has changed over
       | time.
        
       | acheron wrote:
       | First graphical browser I used was Slipknot [0], which doesn't
       | appear to be listed.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SlipKnot_(web_browser)
       | 
       | (Edit: I see it now, must have skipped over it before.)
        
       | hiena03 wrote:
       | It's a shame Opera didn't go to the open source route. Opera with
       | Presto was a great browser.
        
       | egberts1 wrote:
       | Add-On topic of what I think is the most important component of a
       | web browser: A timeline of JavaScript Just-In-Time (JIT) engines.
       | 
       | https://egbert.net/blog/tags/jit.html
       | 
       | sorry, last time I checked on March 2022, Google Chrome cannot
       | negotiate for my ChaCha-only TLS website; instead try using a
       | Safari, Brave, Firefox, Edge, Aloha, OnionBrowser, Orion, Links,
       | or Lynx web broswer, to name a few).
       | 
       | Meanwhile it is an ongoing crazy ride just mapping the evolution
       | of WASM (in my next planned blog).
        
         | kccqzy wrote:
         | I did a Wireshark capture. It's your server that sends back a
         | TLS alert for handshake failure.
         | 
         | Now, Chrome certainly supports ChaCha20 and Poly1305, but it
         | could be that your server is rejecting some other extensions in
         | Chrome's Client Hello.
        
         | password4321 wrote:
         | This actually sounds like a great way to hide from most of
         | Google's influence; thanks!
         | 
         | edit: My main interest is whether or not this blocks Googlebot.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | It's easy enough to block Googlebot... It obeys robots.txt
           | and has a distinctive user agent...
        
           | egberts1 wrote:
           | An accidental discovery on my part that came from
           | strengthening my website.
           | 
           | It was never about maximizing my readership, just the ones
           | that know what they are doing.
        
         | mattlondon wrote:
         | Doesn't work on edge. ERR_SSL_VERSION_OR_CIPHER_MISMATCH
        
         | shadowgovt wrote:
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20230113174325/Https://egbert.ne...
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | Perhaps send them a pull request to fix it, and see what they
         | say?
         | 
         | I can't really imagine why they wouldn't want to support it...
         | I wonder if it was an oversight rather than a policy decision?
        
           | egberts1 wrote:
           | I merely configured the website server TLS protocol to my
           | exacting specs (in cryptographic and network security
           | theatre) and Chrome failed because its client "demands" the
           | non-ChaCha variants despite my TLS server INSISTING "my way
           | or the highway".
           | 
           | Beside, I am quite partial toward Firefox browser so there is
           | little benefit for me to file a report to help Firefox's
           | competitors.
        
             | londons_explore wrote:
             | Looking again, your server is rejecting their HELO message.
             | You seem to be using a modern cipher yet requiring a legacy
             | (http/1.1) protocol, which I suspect is the issue. Adding
             | an advertisement for TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 to every
             | TLS 1.3 handshake worldwide would add a _lot_ of gigabytes
             | of global bandwidth, for support of an awfully unusual
             | configuration. Those 4 bytes in every http request globally
             | probably isn 't worth it just for you.
             | 
             | Take a look at this trace [1].
             | 
             | I think it's pretty clear the client is offering a bunch of
             | things, including TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256, and your
             | server just replies 'nah, goodbye'.
             | 
             | Perhaps your server doesn't like the ESNI extension?
             | 
             | [1]: https://pastebin.com/ffP4cPJi
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | superkuh wrote:
               | Yes, corporation persons desperately want people to move
               | to http/2 and http/3 for for-profit reasons. They're
               | terrible protocols for human persons though. Phasing out
               | http/1.1 support in chrome/etc means phasing out the
               | ability to host a website that can be visited by someone
               | you don't know without the continued permission from a
               | third party TLS CA.
        
         | jwilk wrote:
         | It's still broken in Google Chrome 109 (the latest stable
         | version) on Linux:
         | 
         | > _egbert.net uses an unsupported protocol._
         | 
         | > _ERR_SSL_VERSION_OR_CIPHER_MISMATCH_
        
           | egberts1 wrote:
           | which is what I expected given that Google Chrome chose to
           | ignore the server's "my options only or nothing".
        
       | jonahbenton wrote:
       | I wrote a browser for Macs (System 7) in 1995-7 through a
       | contract with James Gleick's Pipeline ISP [0], commercially
       | available in the US. Don't see it listed, will reach out.
       | 
       | 0. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pipeline
        
       | gernb wrote:
       | What does it mean "WebKit peak 49% market share" in 2012. That
       | doesn't pass the sniff test. AFAIK, Safari never had a big
       | install based on Windows and MacOS+iOS certainly didn't account
       | for 49% of web traffic in 2012
        
         | cpeterso wrote:
         | The page is about browser engines, not browsers. Chrome was
         | still using WebKit in 2012. Chrome switched to Blink in 2013.
        
         | normaljoe wrote:
         | Chrome used WebKit until the Blink fork in 2013. That should
         | make the numbers work. :)
        
       | no_wizard wrote:
       | Interesting synopsis and confirms something I've always felt:
       | There was never really a plurality of web browsers, there was
       | always one that held an outsized majority vs the rest and drove
       | web development practice. The closest, perhaps, was a brief
       | period before Chrome became dominate and IE was waning fast,
       | where I believe Safari, Firefox, and Chrome held approximately
       | the same market share vs IE, which would be in the 2010-2013 era
       | (peak Webkit was 2012), which I personally regard as one of the
       | most interest times to be both on the web and be a web developer,
       | it was also before Chrome forked Webkit fully IIRC.
       | 
       | FWIW, I know having Chrome / Chromium as the overwhelming
       | majority browser is not great, if for the sheer fact competition
       | keeps everyone "honest" in a way, but they are by far the most
       | "benevolent" from a developer perspective. IE was truly both
       | stagnant and terrible.
       | 
       | EDIT: that's not to say I approve the Chromium dominance, as a
       | daily Firefox user especially, but I would be lying if I said,
       | from a developer perspective, that Chromium hasn't been pretty
       | good so far on balance. They do innovate. They do push new
       | features. They do usually support the latest specs. Though again,
       | I don't approve of it being so dominate, I'd prefer a plurality.
       | Its a shame that Microsoft didn't use Firefox as its base for new
       | Edge
        
         | jedberg wrote:
         | > which would be in the 2010-2013 era (peak Webkit was 2012),
         | which I personally regard as one of the most interest times to
         | be both on the web and be a web developer
         | 
         | Oh man, it depends on your definition of interesting. That was
         | the time we had 3-5 engineers at reddit, and let me tell you,
         | making reddit work for all the browsers was awful (and I barely
         | had anything to do with it, it mostly fell on the other guys).
         | It got to the point where every reddit page had "Fuck ie6" as a
         | comment somewhere in the html, because a bunch of people were
         | still using it and it didn't support a lot of the stuff the
         | other browsers did.
         | 
         | While the consolidation of browsers isn't great from a market
         | perspective, it's been great for developers sanity. :)
        
           | no_wizard wrote:
           | Yes, dealing with IE (even IE 11, up until the last 2-3 years
           | for me) was a pain back then, as it was circa 2020.
           | 
           | That said, it saw a lot of innovations broadly, web
           | development was taken alot more seriously as a profession,
           | and saw some interesting frameworks come out (Ember, Angular,
           | and later React) and jQuery sure made life easier by that
           | time.
           | 
           | I even have some fond memories of KnockoutJS. My most
           | favorite, and probably most underrated framework in the
           | history of web development, was SproutCore, which had legs at
           | this time.
           | 
           | From a culture side (user?) it was the heyday of things like
           | Delicious, Foursquare, Good Twitter (IMO) and blog rolls.
           | Mobile web was rolling out in earnest. Alot of innovation was
           | happening in this space.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | deburo wrote:
           | Haha, I was interviewing for an internship in those years,
           | and I remember asking the only webdev guy there if he thought
           | he had the coolest job in the company (I sure thought that
           | the web was better than Windows). The guy just looked at me
           | like I was crazy.
        
         | password4321 wrote:
         | Saying ' _Chrome / Chromium [...] are by far the most
         | "benevolent" from a developer perspective_' is painting a bit
         | of a target on your back here, I think.
         | 
         | edit: (over Firefox, sorry I wasn't clear)
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | > is painting a bit of a target on your back here, I think.
           | 
           | Only for anyone who has forgotten just how wretched and
           | stagnant IE6 was, and how long the web ossified around it,
           | and how much work it took to overcome the inertia of a crappy
           | browser[1] shipped by a monopolist that _did not want you to
           | use the web_.
           | 
           | There are many legitimate reasons to grouse about Chrome,
           | Google, Google owning Chrome, etc, but the problems
           | surrounding it are, I feel, an order of magnitude smaller
           | than what we had in the 00s.
           | 
           | [1] The delta between IE6 and Firefox 1.0 was incredible, and
           | everyone working on the web _despised_ the work required to
           | make websites work on the former.
        
             | irrational wrote:
             | But... Firefox came out before Chrome. It's not like we had
             | to use IE6 until Chrome came out. I started using Firefox
             | as soon as it came out and have used it continuously ever
             | since.
        
               | boundlessdreamz wrote:
               | For an end user, Firefox was great. But the wide
               | prevalence of IE meant that
               | 
               | * Sometimes sites worked only in IE or broke subtly in
               | other browsers. The subtle breaking could be layout
               | differences or functionality not available/working
               | because the developers used IE specific
               | technology/javascript
               | 
               | * Developers had to code for the lowest common
               | denominator - IE. It really held back web applications
               | 
               | * Debugging any errors in IE was a royal pain
        
           | no_wizard wrote:
           | I mean, on balance, compared with the IE reigning years,
           | Chromium is better than that, and its been mostly (again,
           | from a developer perspective) a net positive in day to day
           | developers lives that Chrome has not stagnated and new
           | features ship.
           | 
           | That however, is not to say that its okay. There's other,
           | broader issues than just developer experience to care about
           | here, like what a Google dominated web means, because via
           | Chrome, they can push a great deal around how the web
           | actually works, which is a net loss to society. It can stifle
           | other innovations. Things of that nature.
           | 
           | Good DX isn't the whole story
        
         | smm11 wrote:
         | I use Firefox for M365 access, since it assumes nothing from
         | Windows, and doesn't try to suck everything in like Chrome.
         | Edge for 365 can't figure out which of the 11 accounts it finds
         | should be the one I'd like to use.
        
         | lordnacho wrote:
         | Common story with platforms, isn't it? It's like a huge magnet
         | drawing everyone to Windows or Intel.
         | 
         | I wonder how much is end user driven, and how much is
         | intermediary driven though. Is it that the customers are only
         | comfortable with one item in each category, or is it the middle
         | men who prefer to sell things that are all connected by the
         | same platform?
        
           | doublerabbit wrote:
           | Psychology plays a big part, change and differences. Folk
           | don't like change nor difference. You have to be willing to
           | embrace it.
           | 
           | You can do this yourself. Watch your mind freakout and give
           | yourself a panic attack if you were to drag an frequented
           | used app; icon from your phone in to an obscure new location
           | or app folder. Frequent bookmark to another folder or off the
           | bookmark bar.
           | 
           | You get used to it but change is scary because its unknown
           | and so unless you can adjust the user quickly and promptly
           | they will reject whats given to them. Or innovate something
           | whole and new thats never been done before.
           | 
           | Add the fact that major brands have user friendly in hand,
           | trying to convince someone to install Linux with its clunky
           | installer as an example; really throws them off edge.
           | 
           | Nowadays trying to get anyone to change really causes them to
           | melt and its only going to get worse as we go on further
           | through the rabbit hole of social media.
           | 
           | So why change when you already have something that just
           | works, that your used to and friends with. Even if it
           | backstabs you with updates, missing icons and leaks your data
           | to the world. It's still feels like your old friend, cosy and
           | comforting.
        
           | shadowgovt wrote:
           | It's both.
           | 
           | The vast, vast bulk of computer users are more interested in
           | the destination than the journey. They don't really want to
           | _have_ to care what browser or OS or app they 're using...
           | They want to manage their finances, or make art, or surf the
           | web, etc.
           | 
           | When the destination is the point, small amounts of asymmetry
           | tends to accrue more asymmetry because it's easier to solve
           | problems if the help ecosystem is larger to address when the
           | tool doesn't work the way the user wants it to.
        
         | irrational wrote:
         | > but they are by far the most "benevolent" from a developer
         | perspective
         | 
         | Can you clarify what you mean by this? I've been using Firefox
         | continuously since version 1 for both personal and development
         | purposes. I've never felt like Firefox was not benevolent.
        
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