[HN Gopher] Citizen scientists report global rapid reductions in...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Citizen scientists report global rapid reductions in the visibility
       of stars
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 99 points
       Date   : 2023-01-20 18:54 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.science.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.science.org)
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | Speaking of light pollution, months ago I experienced this
       | phenomenon. This is taken hours after sunset. The moon is behind
       | us. 403 westbound half hour out of Hamilton.
       | 
       | It was both incredibly eerie and calming. One of the most liminal
       | night drives I've had.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/7SKoaRBkGiQ
        
         | terramex wrote:
         | Possibly a light pollution from industrial greenhouse. There is
         | one near Wroclaw (Poland) and tourists are constantly asking
         | "what is that spooky light in the sky?".
         | 
         | https://miejscawewroclawiu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/IMG...
        
           | Waterluvian wrote:
           | It might be! I'm also thinking an auto plant.
           | 
           | There's a cannabis greenhouse elsewhere in my region that
           | creates a pillar of white light. It's a completely surreal
           | scene. Also pretty awful light pollution.
        
       | orobinson wrote:
       | "Overhead, without any fuss, the stars were going out."
        
         | pjmorris wrote:
         | Now there's a line I've not heard in a very long time. Thanks
         | for the callback.
         | 
         | I'm fairly certain this is from Arthur C. Clarke's short story
         | "The Nine Billion Names of God", partly used as inspiration for
         | 2001: A Space Odyssey.
        
           | stavros wrote:
           | Too bad it spoils the entire story.
        
           | leesec wrote:
           | Gave me chills remembering this haha, what a great short
           | story
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | college_physics wrote:
       | The wonder of the true dark sky is that the numbers of perceived
       | stars multiply significantly, giving an almost three dimensional
       | impression.
       | 
       | That indescribable feeling disappears with light pollution. It
       | can be a street light nearby or an industrial estate hundreds of
       | kilometers away.
       | 
       | Nowadays one needs to go into extremes to experience such
       | conditions.
        
       | NKosmatos wrote:
       | One of the bad things of our modern lifestyle/civilization, most
       | of the population hasn't got access to a dark sky. I think of
       | myself as privileged since I have the possibility to visit a
       | Bortle 3 or 4 location in less than an hour of driving.
       | 
       | Do yourself a favor, try to visit a really dark place, ideally
       | with binoculars and a sky map and you'll feel again connected
       | with the Cosmos.
       | 
       | Here is a very good map to find a dark place:
       | https://www.lightpollutionmap.info
       | 
       | Some extra info on the Bortle Scale:
       | https://astrobackyard.com/the-bortle-scale/
        
         | s0rce wrote:
         | Preferably in the summer when the milky way is visible,
         | although the winter nights are longer and I usually manage to
         | stay up late enough to see the stars. Remote mountain ranges in
         | the Western US have had amazing views of the night sky (Steens,
         | Santa Rosa Range, White Mtns, Argus Mtns).
        
         | 100pctremote wrote:
         | What the heck is going on in north western North Dakota? Is it
         | related to the oil industry?
        
         | patchorang wrote:
         | Wow. What an awesome map. You can even see major highways in
         | the western US.
         | 
         | I recently moved from the western US to the east. The
         | public/opens lands are what I miss the most. I don't think many
         | people out east even realize what public land is, how much
         | there is, and how great it is. But this map really displays it.
         | 
         | Side note: What's up with Alberta? Same with northwestern North
         | Dakota? I'm guess this is mining and/or oil operations?
        
           | mickdeek86 wrote:
           | Can confirm: you're looking at Athabasca (the infamous tar
           | sands) and Bakken, respectively
        
             | Teever wrote:
             | its not just those industrial areas. For whatever reason
             | urban centres in alberta just love to blast the shit out of
             | the sky with street lights.
        
         | jwdunne wrote:
         | I noticed the difference too when moving to a town just outside
         | of Snowdonia in Wales, UK. It's truly wonderful - you just
         | don't see it growing up in a city like Manchester.
         | 
         | It's Bortle 4 where I live and it drops down to 3 just 20
         | minutes down the road. One of the best perks of living here.
         | 
         | Time is ripe to invest in a good telescope, I think :)
        
         | virtuallynathan wrote:
         | I bought a house out in the middle of nowhere in part for the
         | dark sky. It's awesome to walk outside and see so much. Per
         | this data, my house is at 19.9 mcd/m2, and if I drive/hike a
         | few miles down the road, I can get to < 10 mcd/m2.
        
         | hemloc_io wrote:
         | It's honestly one of the coolest things I've ever done.
         | 
         | It's not just about the brightness of the stars, the sky
         | literally looks 3d, which I didn't expect
        
           | NKosmatos wrote:
           | Exactly this, you can almost feel the depth and get a broader
           | look at the whole celestial dome.
           | 
           | Be careful thought, since some people might get overwhelmed
           | by this feeling of realizing your place in the universe. If I
           | remember correctly there are a couple of related phobias,
           | Astrophobia (fear of space) and Apeirophobia (fear of
           | infinity).
           | 
           | Something like the Total Perspective Vortex:
           | https://hitchhikers.fandom.com/wiki/Total_Perspective_Vortex
        
         | schaefer wrote:
         | whoa, What's all the light in western north dakota?!? 47.96732,
         | -102.86034
         | 
         | there sure aren't many people there.
         | 
         | are they just burning oil or natural gas straight off the well?
        
           | rgbrenner wrote:
           | probably... every brown spot is an oil well when you zoom
           | in.. pan around and they're everywhere: https://www.google.co
           | m/maps/place/47%C2%B058'02.4%22N+102%C2...
        
         | triyambakam wrote:
         | Interesting. Apparently I live in a class three. For that I am
         | grateful!
        
       | newaccount2021 wrote:
       | before: _rural US has crappy broadband whaaaa everything sucks!_
       | 
       | now: _starlink satellites are ruining astronomy for like sixty
       | people whaaaa everything sucks!_
       | 
       | this is why I no longer give any credit to online bellyaching
       | 
       | backyard astronomers: we don't care about you
       | 
       | if only starlink satellites could be arranged in the shape of
       | Trump's face directly above laid-off Twitter engineers, life
       | would be perfect
        
       | chatterhead wrote:
       | I guarantee it's the HID headlights no one is regulating. It's
       | blotting out the night sky!
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | They're mostly turned off late at night. Street lights and
         | outdoor building / landscaping lighting tends not to be.
        
       | bee_rider wrote:
       | Due to light pollution - before anyone freaks out and starts
       | worrying that the dome that the aliens put around us has gotten
       | scratched up or something like that.
        
         | blahblah1234567 wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
       | causi wrote:
       | _Participants were shown maps of the sky at different levels of
       | light pollution and asked which most closely matched their view._
       | 
       | This seems like a very lazy, inexact, and error-prone way of
       | collecting data.
        
         | elil17 wrote:
         | How so? They're looking for a change over time, so it would
         | only really be an issue if we had some reason to think that
         | people were changing how they responded to it in one year vs.
         | the next.
        
           | causi wrote:
           | _so it would only really be an issue if we had some reason to
           | think that people were changing how they responded to it in
           | one year vs. the next._
           | 
           | Such as, gee I dunno, a change in the nature of peoples'
           | light exposure, like spending more time inside and more time
           | staring at a screen every year? No way that could possibly
           | throw off peoples' subjective feeling of how bright the sky
           | is, right? I'm sure there definitely hasn't been any other
           | types of changes to human vision over time, like an increase
           | in myopia over time. There also definitely hasn't been an
           | increase in photophobia over time due to, among other
           | factors, changing demographics resulting in older people
           | making up a larger percentage of respondents, no siree.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | > No way that could possibly throw off peoples' subjective
             | feeling of how bright the sky is, right?
             | 
             | They're not being asked to evaluate the glow itself, but
             | how many stars they can see in a particular region of the
             | sky.
             | 
             | https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/19/light-
             | po...
             | 
             | "Participants were asked to use a website to view a
             | selection of star charts for their location - each showing
             | an incrementally greater number of the stars that exist in
             | that patch of sky - and pick the chart that best matched
             | what they could see. The researchers then created a model
             | that related the number of visible stars to the brightness
             | of the night sky."
        
             | elil17 wrote:
             | Wouldn't all of those changes also equally effect how the
             | people see the reference photos? I suppose myopia might if
             | it was not corrected, but the vast majority is corrected.
        
             | anigbrowl wrote:
             | Maybe you're having a bad day, but expressing yourself in
             | such sarcastic terms isn't going to win you any friends.
             | These things are hard to control for, but perhaps you can
             | suggest a better method, bearing in mind that respondents
             | to this survey are self-selected and presumably care about
             | managing their own light sensitivity to some degree.
        
       | herodotus wrote:
       | I belong to a local astronomy club, and was part of the "Light
       | Pollution Abatement" group for a while. But I had to stop:
       | persuading people that light pollution matters and that something
       | should be done about it is almost impossible. Even some of the
       | comments here indicate to me that few people really care.
       | 
       | So why do I? It is not just to see more from my telescope. It is
       | because this is part of a very broad problem. The problem? That
       | humans on this planet have not even considered how we can life in
       | a state of stasis with this planet. Weather catastrophes, insect
       | decline, crop failures to pollination problems, shortages of
       | seafood: these are all symptoms of the root problem, and light
       | pollution is just one more symptom.
        
         | hanniabu wrote:
         | I think the issue here is the same as recycling and carbon
         | reduction. There's only so much us as individuals can do, our
         | impact is extremely limited and negligible.
         | 
         | You'd need to convince the governments to do something about
         | it, but that's a large task given there's a lack of money for
         | lobbying and a lack of profits to encourage them to do anything
         | about it.
        
       | everdrive wrote:
       | A lot of people think the only way to be safe is to have multiple
       | exterior lights on their property. It's a waste of energy and a
       | blight.
        
         | xwdv wrote:
         | You'll have a hard time convincing people to trade lights that
         | make them feel safe right now here on Earth for the ability to
         | see some stars light years away that they don't give a fuck
         | about.
        
           | s0rce wrote:
           | Sadly this sentiment extends to pretty much anything and
           | thats why we are destroying the planet and leading to
           | extinction of so many species
        
         | eulers_secret wrote:
         | The exterior light I park next to at my apartment went out- I
         | thought it wasn't a big deal.
         | 
         | In 1 week my catalytic converter was stolen. A week later the
         | light was fixed (big job, corrosion spread in the wires).
         | 
         | Never had an issue before nor since. Lights matter a lot.
        
           | icedistilled wrote:
           | Be aware of attributing causal relations to that which has no
           | indication it is not just a coincidence. Lights definitely
           | don't effect catalytic converter thieves in many cities like
           | SF. That's not to say lights in other locations have the same
           | lack of effect. One incidence is not enough to say anything.
           | 
           | But also all lights are not equal. All lights are not equal
           | for safety and all lights are not equal for light pollution.
           | 
           | Light pollution could be vastly reduced without diminishing
           | needed lighting if the light temperature is warmer and if
           | proper fixtures ensure the light is directed only where
           | needed instead of half of it going directly at my bedroom
           | window like my last couple apartments have done, among other
           | undesired locations.
        
             | s0rce wrote:
             | Considering I know people who had their catalytic
             | converters stolen during the day in Oakland...
        
           | miguelazo wrote:
           | There are street lights that are designed to only cast their
           | glow down. For other lighting, they should be on motion
           | detectors.
        
             | martyvis wrote:
             | The thing is if you can see the result of the light shining
             | on the objects of the ground, it also goes up past your
             | eyes into the sky, only to create the reflective smudge
             | there.
        
               | DFHippie wrote:
               | Sure, but unless the ground is paved with mirrors it will
               | be considerably less light.
        
             | Buttons840 wrote:
             | Maybe one day we'll get smarter motion detectors (like a
             | camera and a computer[0]), that can watch a larger area. A
             | light that only turns on when someone is nearby is an even
             | better deterrent.
             | 
             | [0] And hopefully they don't require an internet connection
             | and send all video to a central location.
        
               | miguelazo wrote:
               | I have been getting LED bulbs that have built-in motion
               | detectors recently. I replaced all of my exterior lights
               | with them and they work very well. You can even
               | temporarily disable the motion detector by just turning
               | the bulb on and off 3 times quickly. They're from GE, but
               | others make them. https://www.gelighting.com/led-
               | lights/bulbs/e26/ge-led-motio...
        
           | stouset wrote:
           | When one light among many is out, that area becomes a target.
           | When _no_ lights are on, nothing sticks out. And your evolved
           | night vision will actually work for the places between where
           | lights used to be.
        
           | zoklet-enjoyer wrote:
           | It depends on where you live
        
         | hyperion2010 wrote:
         | Little do they realize that other humans are just as afraid of
         | the dark as they are!
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | The neighborhood burglar liked this comment.
         | 
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/9x2dz/iama_retired_ca...
        
         | KennyBlanken wrote:
         | Yep, the "common sense" that it makes it easier to see evil-
         | doers is quite wrong.
         | 
         | When a property, building, etc is dark - someone up to no good
         | has to use light to see what they're doing, and that stands out
         | much, much more.
         | 
         | You probably wouldn't notice someone at the front door of a
         | business as you drove by at night if it's well lit, but if it
         | were unlit , you'd probably immediately notice a flashlight.
         | 
         | There's a reason behind the "must be a full moon" saying.
         | People up to no good back before outdoor lighting was a thing
         | would use moonlight to be able to see what they were doing.
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | "When a property, building, etc is dark - someone up to no
           | good has to use light to see what they're doing, and that
           | stands out much, much more."
           | 
           | Erm, no. If you trained a bit, and it is not pitch black
           | (which it never is, in the cities) you can move and act very
           | well without light. Also there is nightvision, which got
           | quite cheap.
           | 
           | What works well and is a good compromise to protect from
           | thieves and co. is light activated by motion detectors.
        
         | throw0101c wrote:
         | > _It 's a waste of energy and a blight._
         | 
         | They are fine as long as they are pointed _down_ and _not up_
         | or sideways (which creates glare):
         | 
         | * https://www.zgsm-china.com/blog/light-distribution-of-
         | outdoo...
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | I mean, the other way to be safe is if the government would
         | actually arrest the crooks and throw them in jail instead of
         | releasing them back onto the streets of SF and Oakland.
        
           | cptskippy wrote:
           | I mean, if that's the case then I'm ok with the residents of
           | SF and Oakland running all the lights they want. But everyone
           | else needs to turn them off and rest peacefully knowing their
           | criminals are being shipped to SF and Oakland.
        
           | it_citizen wrote:
           | Aren't the US waayyy ahead of other developed countries in
           | term of incarcerating its population?
           | 
           | How is that working so far?
           | 
           | Mass incarceration doesn't seem to be working well so far.
           | Maybe it would be time to stop treating the symptoms and try
           | a different approach?
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | Only if your crime is smoking weed. There's a huge amount
             | of "we won't do anything about it" for property crimes
             | among police departments now. It's hard work, and not
             | flashy, so cops don't do it. They have largely not been
             | punished in any way for this.
        
               | lliamander wrote:
               | Most people in prisons are there for violent crimes
               | (partly because they tend to have longer sentences).
               | 
               | Property crimes are definitely under-policed.
        
               | rom-antics wrote:
               | According to this page, drug offenses are by far the
               | highest category.
               | 
               | https://www.bop.gov/about/statistics/statistics_inmate_of
               | fen...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | lliamander wrote:
               | That is true for _federal_ prisons.
               | 
               | For state prisons, where the majority of criminals are
               | incarcerated, 62% of prisoners are there for violent
               | crimes.
               | 
               | https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/prisoners-2021-s
               | tat...
        
             | throwaway894345 wrote:
             | Crime is complex, but we know with certainty that one of
             | its causes is crime. If you grow up in a high-crime
             | neighborhood, crime is a normal part of your daily life,
             | and you are much more likely to engage in crime yourself
             | (thus perpetuating the cycle) than someone from a low-crime
             | community. As such, incarceration _is_ addressing a root
             | cause.
             | 
             | Further, virtually no one in American politics is arguing
             | that incarceration is _sufficient_ , but rather the debate
             | is about whether or not it is _necessary_ or if we can (for
             | example) replace police with social workers and call it a
             | day.
        
             | dheera wrote:
             | > Mass incarceration doesn't seem to be working well so
             | far.
             | 
             | No, they're not incarcerating the right people.
             | 
             | They're incarcerating some financial idiots like SBF and
             | Holmes and some weed users who don't threaten my physical
             | safety at all and I frankly don't give a damn about, while
             | the people running around punching Asian grandmothers in SF
             | and smashing local Asian businesses are running free.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | I mean, I'm glad that white collar crime is prosecuted,
               | and I don't think the majority of people in prisons are
               | "like SBF and Holmes". I just want to roll back policing
               | to pre-BLM levels.
        
               | dheera wrote:
               | I mean, I'm selfish.
               | 
               | SBF didn't cause me to lose money. He isn't even remotely
               | on my radar. You know who did? The fucker who broke into
               | my car last year and stole $5000 worth of stuff. What's
               | that guy doing? Roaming the streets breaking and smashing
               | more cars, probably, considering the police dropped the
               | case.
        
               | it_citizen wrote:
               | White collar damages are more indirect but they hurt
               | society just as much if not more.
               | 
               | Imagine how much better US cities would be if the white
               | collars that pushed oxicontin and fentanyls by corrupting
               | doctors, officials and insurance companies had been more
               | scared of consequences. But no, most of them still roam
               | free.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | I haven't followed closely, but what laws were broken in
               | this case? Would stiffer penalties or more aggressive
               | prosecution have landed these guys in jail? (I'm not
               | arguing against your larger point about the damages of
               | white collar crime, I'm just curious about these
               | examples)
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | I get it, but (1) we don't have to choose and (2) if we
               | don't prosecute white collar crime you will eventually
               | lose money to it.
        
             | lliamander wrote:
             | Comparisons of policies between different countries is
             | notoriously error prone because often there are so many
             | differences between the populations.
             | 
             | If you look at the US compared to itself over time,
             | increased policing and encarceration (such as during the
             | 90's) does in fact lead to lower crime. The relative
             | absence of policing and prosecution since 2020 have
             | resulted in a sharp increase in crime.
             | 
             | I'm certainly open to the idea that sentences should be
             | shorter, but I think that would need to come with a
             | corresponding increase in the number of police - and in
             | their willingness to enforce laws. This would be under the
             | theory that increasing the odds that you will be punished
             | is more of a deterrent than increasing the severity of the
             | punishment.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | > The relative absence of policing and prosecution since
               | 2020 have resulted in a sharp increase in crime.
               | 
               | This has been going on since ~2014, and you're absolutely
               | spot-on that it absolutely correlates with reductions in
               | the amount of policing. Roland Fryer (famed Harvard
               | economist) and Tanaya Devi wrote a paper about this a
               | couple years ago (but many other papers have similar
               | findings): https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_pape
               | rs/w27324/w273...
        
           | KennyBlanken wrote:
           | Two cities in one state in one country are not even remotely
           | relevant to this discussion, but a friendly reminder that
           | violent and property crimes in the US have been on an overall
           | downward trend for half a century:
           | https://www.google.com/search?q=fbi+property+crime+statistic
           | 
           | Also, people generally do crime because of lack of
           | opportunity or options, which is why many countries treat the
           | criminal justice system as an opportunity to rehabilitate
           | people.
           | 
           | We have one of the most punitive criminal justice systems in
           | the world and the highest incarceration rate of any country.
           | Imagine if we were able to spend all that money on helping to
           | lift struggling people, instead of punishing them.
           | 
           | They'd be productive, contributing members of society,
           | instead of a huge drain on society. Keeping people in prison
           | is very expensive.
        
             | dheera wrote:
             | > Also, people generally do crime because of lack of
             | opportunity or options, which is why many countries treat
             | the criminal justice system as an opportunity to
             | rehabilitate people.
             | 
             | I agree with rehabilitation, but I personally would like to
             | be alive tomorrow, which is why I do not choose to live in
             | Oakland.
             | 
             | > Imagine if we were able to spend all that money on
             | helping to lift struggling people, instead of punishing
             | them.
             | 
             | These two can happen at the same time. It's less about
             | punishment, and more about making everyone else feel safe.
             | If they want to create a "city of crooks" in the middle of
             | Nevada that isn't a punishment but a rehabilitation center
             | I'm all up for that.
        
             | slothtrop wrote:
             | There's been an uptick in crime in recent years. Policing
             | reduces crime.
             | 
             | https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/what-caused-
             | the-2020-h...
             | 
             | If the US rids itself of petty drug convictions the
             | incarceration rate wouldn't be so high.
        
             | throwaway894345 wrote:
             | > a friendly reminder that violent and property crimes in
             | the US have been on an overall downward trend for half a
             | century
             | 
             | This is a generic argument against progress. Imagine if we
             | shrugged off vaccines because "the pathogen-derived death
             | rate is trending down over the last 200 years" or if we
             | rebutted #metoo with "a friendly reminder that women's
             | rights are trending up over the last 100 years". Just
             | because something was worse 50 years ago doesn't mean we
             | should content ourselves with a worsening trend _now_.
             | 
             | > Also, people generally do crime because of lack of
             | opportunity or options, which is why many countries treat
             | the criminal justice system as an opportunity to
             | rehabilitate people.
             | 
             | If the premise were true, crime should have gone down in
             | the face of the red-hot labor market we had been
             | experiencing over the last few years. Even still, if you
             | can find a way to reliably rehabilitate violent offenders,
             | I doubt you'd face any serious objection. In the meanwhile
             | though, the soft-on-crime approach to violent crime (both
             | with respect to reducing the amount of discretionary
             | policing and catch-and-release approach to prosecution)
             | appears to be (predictably) devastating communities and
             | (predictably) further perpetuating the cycle of violent
             | crime.
        
       | chrisweekly wrote:
       | Last summer I visited Medawisla - a "National Dark Sky Park" on
       | the edge of Maine's 100-mile wilderness, run by the AMC
       | (Appalachian Mountain Club). It was a fantastic experience,
       | highly recommended. I'm a life-long stargazer in my late 40's,
       | and the only comparable night sky I've ever experienced has been
       | on a sailboat.
        
       | wolverine876 wrote:
       | The LED lights also change the landscape of cities to something
       | cooler. It's a massive aesthetic change that nobody talks about.
       | 
       | LEDs for consumers come in various color temperatures. Why are
       | the streetlights all so cold?
        
         | mtalantikite wrote:
         | When my neighborhood here in Brooklyn switched over to LED
         | streetlights I got very depressed. And angry. All of a sudden
         | everything was drenched in this horrible white light. Plus
         | there's a lamppost right outside our window, so my living room
         | gets flooded in cold LED light. I complained multiple times to
         | the city but they said it's just what it is now.
         | 
         | A year ago our condos switched over to LEDs on all outside
         | building lights and I no longer feel comfortable just sitting
         | on our stoop enjoying the city at night anymore. It just feels
         | so harsh. I have so many good memories from hanging out on
         | Brooklyn stoops at night, either solo or with friends. I miss
         | that soft, warm NYC lighting.
        
           | rileyphone wrote:
           | Start a guerilla campaign to put tinted films on all the
           | lights.
        
             | mtalantikite wrote:
             | I actually bought a bunch of light gels from B&H to do this
             | on the lights on my stoop. I wish I could do it to the
             | street lights and the outdoor lights mounted on the sides
             | of our building!
        
               | icedistilled wrote:
               | is there something actually stopping you?
        
               | mtalantikite wrote:
               | The lamppost is something like 27 feet and the ones on
               | the outside of our condos are two stories up -- I don't
               | have a ladder in my tiny NYC apartment is really the main
               | reason.
        
       | teslabox wrote:
       | In the beginning of the modern era, electric light was
       | fantastically expensive. People used just enough light to get by.
       | 
       | LEDs put out 7x as much light as an incandescent bulb, so people
       | can use 3x as much light as they need and still save money on
       | their power bill. I have a neighbor that has a string of bulbs
       | along their driveway. These are left on all night every night.
       | City code requires "fully shielded" lighting, but the city
       | ignores its own code.
       | 
       |  _What Is a Fully Shielded Light Fixture?_ http://we-
       | watch.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/FullyShielded...
       | 
       | The tragedy of the increased amount of blue light in our
       | nighttime environment is that there's a bunch of old research
       | about the physiological mechanism behind high-energy blue photons
       | causing inflammation in the eyes. This gradually results in
       | people having reduced low-light visual acuity. Whoops.
       | 
       | I think people need to be told that artificial light is most
       | useful to humans when it bounces off of things. This is why
       | streetlights are mounted high on poles, and are designed so all
       | the light is directed down.
       | 
       | Bulbs that can be seen are mostly emitting wasted light. A friend
       | recently bought some light fixtures on the basis of looking nice
       | when the lights are off. I think they're gradually realizing that
       | staring directly into LEDs is not a pleasant experience.
       | 
       | In the old days, people bought light fixtures to hide the bulbs,
       | and to direct the light where it's needed.
        
       | asdff wrote:
       | Back when street lights were all sodium vapor, you could use a
       | filter and eliminate a lot of light pollution. These days sodium
       | vapor streetlight are being replaced by LED lights, that emit a
       | white light and also frequently turn bright blue when they begin
       | failing before long, and filtering out this source of light is no
       | longer so simple.
        
         | magicalhippo wrote:
         | When visiting the Big Island of Hawaii I commented on the color
         | of the street lights, which was unfamiliar. It was LED lights,
         | but had a yellowish color IIRC.
         | 
         | I was told they were specifically designed to be easy to filter
         | out by the telescopes on Mauna Kea, and used all over the
         | island.
         | 
         | On a related note, can totally recommend visiting Manua Kea if
         | you're in the neighborhood. We watched the sunset from the top
         | of Mauna Kea and it was quite something.
        
           | ericbarrett wrote:
           | This was true of San Jose from the late 80s until recently,
           | by agreement with UCSC / Lick Observatory. Not sure if it's
           | still the case, and as the a peer comment says it was
           | originally sodium lamps.
        
           | cge wrote:
           | Downward-facing, low pressure sodium lamps [1] used to be
           | quite common in areas near major telescopes, as they are
           | mostly monochromatic; for these, I don't think they were
           | specifically designed for these areas, as much as they were
           | an older lamp type that, when it was realized that newer
           | lamps (eg, high pressure sodium) would be much harder to
           | filter, ended up continuing to be used. It seems that, likely
           | because there is so much experience developing methods to
           | filter out light from LPS lamps, LED replacements have now
           | been specifically designed to mimic them.
           | 
           | San Diego used to have many of these, apparently because of
           | Palomar. There are a variety of arguments about safety and
           | especially perception of safety that often leads to them
           | being replaced with brighter, non-monochromatic lamps,
           | though, depending on the political clout the telescopes have
           | in the area.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-
           | vapor_lamp#Light_pollut...
        
         | ballenf wrote:
         | I thought I hated sodium yellow until LEDs became ubiquitous.
         | They feel much harder to subconsciously tune out and draw my
         | attention away from the road when driving much more than the
         | old style. Maybe that effect will fade with time, but it hasn't
         | happened yet.
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | I fucking hate the blinding LED lights with a passion. Also,
         | they fuck up the ecosystem in a major way. If we never get rid
         | of them, they are visual DDT.
        
           | icedistilled wrote:
           | it's particularly obnoxious because LED lights can easily be
           | made to be about the same place on the spectrum as the sodium
           | vapor lights - it's just costs a few pennies more and has a
           | slightly lower light efficiency so typical cheap short
           | termism type thinking gets us the blue cold tone LEDS
        
       | m348e912 wrote:
       | Why is the area around Punta de Mata in Venezuela off the charts
       | with light pollution? It doesn't seem that populated.
        
       | nostromo wrote:
       | Street lights are way too common. Let's phase them out entirely
       | on non-pedestrian streets.
       | 
       | This is one of my favorite things about Palm Springs, which has
       | almost no street lights. The darkness at night is truly
       | beautiful. And it saves money and electricity to boot.
       | 
       | Maybe you could even get creative and have street lamps that dim
       | up or down based on activity someday.
        
       | dsign wrote:
       | This is a nice reminder that the atmosphere is such a pain for
       | watching stars. If light pollution for sky-watching is a problem
       | for you, citizen stargazer, please write to your local
       | representative and ask them to quicken those space colonization
       | plans.
        
         | ballenf wrote:
         | Maybe we could send up a few dozen telescope micro- or mini-
         | satellites and let citizen astronomers share time on them.
        
       | belter wrote:
       | Some places are fortunately seeing Dark Skies as a valid tourist
       | asset to be protected
       | 
       | Dark Sky Alqueva - The First Starlight Tourism Destination in the
       | World: https://darkskyalqueva.com/en/
        
         | igrekel wrote:
         | Dark sky protection is definitely a thing and tourism worthy.
         | I've known of this one I regularly visited for at least the
         | last 15 years https://en.cieletoilemontmegantic.org
        
       | zxcvbn4038 wrote:
       | Maybe it's all a conspiracy so that we can't see all the alien
       | spacecraft flying around at night?
        
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