[HN Gopher] WW2 Bomb Explodes in England
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       WW2 Bomb Explodes in England
        
       Author : mensetmanusman
       Score  : 126 points
       Date   : 2023-02-11 17:38 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cbsnews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cbsnews.com)
        
       | eddsh1994 wrote:
       | If someone died would that increase the tally from the war? Would
       | the last fatality of WW2 be in 2023?
        
       | hanoz wrote:
       | If anyone wants an education in why " _slowly burning_ the
       | explosive " isn't as mad an approach to disarming a bomb as it
       | sounds, please do see the incredibly well informed responses I
       | was rewarded with when I raised a quizzical eye to the technique
       | in my post below.
       | 
       | Unfortunately the best replies were usurped by a telling off from
       | someone who comically misread my tenor, and now the whole thread
       | has been moved from top straight to bottom, presumably as the
       | victim of some anti-controversy algorithm. I know it's not the
       | done thing to comment on such matters, but there's some really
       | great posts in there that people put a lot of effort into, and
       | now they're buried, which, dang, is a shame.
        
       | 2b3a51 wrote:
       | SS Montgomery has 1400 tons of explosives and is within sight of
       | a small island town.
       | 
       |  _" While the risk of a major explosion is believed to be remote,
       | it is considered prudent to monitor the condition of the wreck."_
       | 
       | https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-ss-richard-mo...
       | 
       | At least they know about it and check the site now and again...
        
         | yetanotherloser wrote:
         | Ever been to Sheerness? they reckon it'll do two million pounds
         | worth...
         | 
         | ...of improvements.
         | 
         | Seriously though, they more than know and check, it's carefully
         | marked with large conspicuous buoys as well as constantly
         | monitored in case someone fiddles with it and there are some
         | pretty big, fast police RIBs round there. (had a nice friendly
         | chat with them when they wondered if I was a drug smuggler.)
         | Apparently they're cutting off the rusting masts (above water)
         | sometime soon to reduce risk further. But there is not much
         | that sensibly can be done to actually remove it, and there may
         | not be much of it left that can actually go up.
         | 
         | Buried bombs that nobody knows are there are far more
         | worrying... and the Germans have that problem rather worse than
         | Britain does.
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | > had a nice friendly chat with them when they wondered if I
           | was a drug smuggler.
           | 
           | I mean if you were a drug smuggler you wouldn't have told
           | them, would you?
           | 
           | "Oi mate, what you got that there? And no lies!"
           | 
           | "Evenin officer, just 200 kilos of cocaine, nothing fancy."
           | 
           | "Aight crackin, carry on. Wait, you got a loicense fer that
           | cocaine?!"
        
             | yetanotherloser wrote:
             | :-D
             | 
             | At risk of personally identifying information... I guess I
             | did volunteer this one.
             | 
             | I knew not many people pick a day in mid December to go
             | sailing. I didn't know I'd be the only one out, the day
             | they were doing a massive drugs bust. They clearly thought
             | no real pleasure sailor would be there. Fortunately I am
             | obviously a harmless WAFI* and the appearance of my kid's
             | cheery grin in the companionway was enough to convince
             | them. (Bringing them up hardy, you see)
             | 
             | They probably also realised that with their hundreds of
             | horsepower it's not like my beloved 4KSB* is a credible
             | getaway vehicle.
             | 
             | *Wind Assisted Fucking Idiot
             | 
             | **Four Knot S... Box
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | That's gotta be the greatest pirate I've ever seen.
        
               | phist_mcgee wrote:
               | I know it's tangential, but there's gotta be a few more
               | nautical initialisms you can share!
        
               | yetanotherloser wrote:
               | Sorry, can't think of any more funny ones right now. 4KSB
               | is a Sailing Anarchy-ism; the same kind of boat is for
               | some reason a MAB in the UK - a Manky Auld Boat. I take
               | exception to that one.
        
       | zabzonk wrote:
       | there is a possible urban myth (no one seems sure if it is a myth
       | or not) that the "gate guardian" at RAF Scampton in lincolnshire
       | consisted not only of a lancaster bomber (i can confirm that - i
       | went to school under one of the bomber's wings) but also a
       | tallboy and a grandslam earthquake bomb (can also confirm -
       | pretty sure there was one of each). the latter 10 tons gross
       | weight if filled with explosive. which in this instance, it may
       | have been.
       | 
       | what i can't confirm, and nobody really seems to know is whether
       | this myth is true. if it was, and if it had gone off it would
       | easily have levelled this nuclear bomber base (me included) and
       | much of the surroundings, with possibly interesting consequences
       | at the height of the cold war.
       | 
       | see https://thelincolnite.co.uk/2020/02/myth-busters-the-raf-
       | sca... for more.
        
         | 1letterunixname wrote:
         | I'm leaning towards "no" without evidence because it's a good
         | tall tale.
         | 
         | Aside: A playground park sand pit used to contain a
         | decommissioned FJ (-2 or -3) Fury. No ordinance or armaments
         | though: live, dead, or Schrodinger. In the quest to cover kids
         | in bubblewrap, of course it was replaced with a boring, cookie-
         | cutter playground.
        
           | zabzonk wrote:
           | i tend to agree, but you can never discount the stupidity of
           | the "bloody military mind" - a favourite curse word of my mum
           | when my dad, a pilot, was off on exciting detachments and she
           | was stuck in the middle of a lincolnshire wilderness with
           | three kids.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | hanoz wrote:
       | This was while they were attempting to disarm the bomb using the
       | technique of " _slowly burning_ the explosive ", which in my
       | obviously completely inexpert opinion, I wouldn't have
       | recommended.
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | I would assume that the explosive was TNT. TNT actually takes
         | some effort to detonate; this is why even artillery shells can
         | be filled with it, an not explode during firing. TNT can also
         | burn safely e.g if thrown into a fire in small amounts; you
         | likely can even make a candle out of it.
         | 
         | The bomb likely had another, undetected detonator which was
         | triggered, and it produced enough of a shock wave to make the
         | TNT explode.
        
           | kortex wrote:
           | > The bomb likely had another, undetected detonator
           | 
           | That would be really poor bomb design. Bombs are designed to
           | be stored inert near the airstrip, mounted to staged aircraft
           | and armed quickly by inserting a primer/detonator. There
           | would be one and only one per bomb. The detonator would
           | certainly be removed first before trying to burn out.
           | 
           | Explosives usually become more unstable over time, sometimes
           | forming pockets of primary explosives, which can detonate the
           | bomb. See my sibling comment.
           | 
           | Edit: I'm completely mistaken! Some bombs in fact have
           | multiple fuse pockets, so presumably, multiple fuses.
           | Nonetheless, even with all fuses removed, UXB can still go
           | off during disposal.
        
             | jfk13 wrote:
             | Per BBC report[1]:
             | 
             | > Specialists started the process by using a robot to cut
             | the fuse and trigger at about 17:30 GMT on Thursday, but
             | abandoned this when water from the cutting process
             | destabilised part of the sand barrier.
             | 
             | > A decision was then made to switch to a slow burn
             | technique, which was being carried out when the device
             | exploded.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-64604115
        
             | ckozlowski wrote:
             | Your commentary here and in your post above has been
             | incredibly insightful. I was reminded of the 1967 USS
             | Forrestal fire, when I had recalled reading that the ships
             | captain and ordinance handlers were extremely worried about
             | loading old bombs aboard the ship. Your explanations gave
             | much further context to what was likely happening in that
             | ordinance that gave those men such concern. Thanks!
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_USS_Forrestal_fire
        
               | kortex wrote:
               | Thank you!
        
             | VLM wrote:
             | Well, poor or not, they did it, I found the American TM for
             | german bombs of that era printed in the 50s and the SC250
             | definitely has a forward and after fuze pocket. Took 5, 17,
             | 50, or 57 series fuzes.
             | 
             | Its wild that all this stuff from decades ago is online.
             | You get used to not having any historical data about, well,
             | historical events.
             | 
             | The type 17 fuze was a clockwork that could go 1.5 to 80
             | hours after landing. I could imagine something like that
             | getting jarred into working again after a few decades...
        
               | kortex wrote:
               | Thanks for the correction! Yeah, I did some more digging
               | and there are in fact some wacky designs. The single-
               | fusing-element is more dominant in modern designs, but
               | war is a crazy place.
               | 
               | (pdf warning)
               | 
               | https://www.fh-
               | campuswien.ac.at/fileadmin/redakteure/News/Do...
        
             | chiph wrote:
             | The Germans would sometimes use a timed detonator on their
             | bombs, intended to kill emergency services personnel who
             | moved in after the raid and were fighting fires, aiding the
             | wounded, etc. If you haven't seen it, the show "Danger UXB"
             | from the early 80's is good.
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/Mm-RQtPNvqY?t=268
        
               | oneoff786 wrote:
               | Those crafty Germans must have timed this one to go off
               | in 2023.
        
               | chiph wrote:
               | After I clicked reply and went to do a chore I thought to
               | myself "I didn't talk about how it's been almost 80 years
               | and it's unlikely to have been a timer." Doh.
        
               | goodSteveramos wrote:
               | The British just sent two waves of bombers one a few
               | hours after the first to kill off the ambulances and
               | firefighters. Seems like the Germans once again beat the
               | British at their own disgusting tactics with better
               | technology.
               | 
               | Also do you have a source other than a post-war tv show?
               | Im getting a lot of unrelated search results when trying
               | to confirm that timed fuses were used this way. Typically
               | timed fuses were used to make the bomb explode before
               | reaching the ground so it wouldn't just blow dirt into
               | the air but would actually collapse lots of roofs etc.
               | mis-set timers could hurt rescue personnel but i havent
               | heard that that was even intended by the Germans.
        
         | fhars wrote:
         | Ah, yes, the good old HN classic, "I have thought about it for
         | two minutes and come to the irrefutable and objectively true
         | conclusion that the specialists who do this for a living and
         | have decades of experience and technical know how must
         | obviously be morons." Always so funny to read...
        
           | Eisenstein wrote:
           | I think it was self-aware a joke referencing that very
           | thing...
        
             | jonplackett wrote:
             | Whether it is or not, I would strongly recommend the OP -
             | just like a striker who just scored a goal from a corner -
             | immediately claim that is was 100% deliberate.
        
           | zenexer wrote:
           | There's nothing wrong with pointing out that a standard
           | technique for disarming a bomb seems counterintuitive to a
           | layperson. That's the sort of observation that fuels
           | curiosity and interesting discussion. I don't think the OP
           | was suggesting that it was the wrong technique.
        
           | nathanwh wrote:
           | I do agree that I see that comment a lot on here. However
           | that seems to be a pretty uncharitable reading of the parent
           | comment, as it seems they were more expressing surprise that
           | burning the explosive is a legitimate means of defusing a
           | bomb.
        
         | kortex wrote:
         | Some context as a chemist. Most explosives require DDT
         | (deflagration to detonation transition) in order to explode.
         | DDT occurs when the flame front goes supersonic in the material
         | and creates a shockwave (simplification but close enough).
         | 
         | Low sensitivity is desirable because you want explosives to go
         | off on demand, not randomly. Thus, most bulk explosives can be
         | safely burned without detonation. Primary explosives have a low
         | DDT threshold, meaning it takes far less energy and/or
         | confinement to DDT. Thus, you can have a small primary,
         | sometimes a secondary booster, to set off your bulk charge. The
         | primer can be removed/dissolved to render the weapon far safer.
         | But not perfectly safe.
         | 
         | I don't know the exact composition, but it is likely a
         | combination of TNT, and one of the hexagen/MX explosives (RDX,
         | HMX) [1]. Luftwaffe used Trialen 105 in their 250kg bomb [2],
         | which is TNT, RDX, and aluminum powder, so lets go with that.
         | TNT is fairly stable, *MX are quite stable, but picrates are
         | ornery. Over time they can break down and react with metals in
         | the casing. Metal picrates are much closer to primaries in
         | temperament. They are also far more shock sensitive, which is
         | why (somewhat paradoxically) it's safer to evac and burn these
         | old bombs out, then to try to relocate it. There are other ways
         | in which unstable residues can be formed, not just picrates
         | (e.g. TNT can release NOx over time and form metal nitrate or
         | fulminate salts). You also have all the impurities from
         | synthesis (such as DNT and mixed nitrates). Over time this
         | forms a witches' brew of mixed nitrates that's typically much
         | more sensitive. Sensitive, as in, workers have died when their
         | shovel struck the bomb casing. There would not even be time for
         | the _clunk_ sound to make it to their ears before obliteration.
         | Or even just...nothing [4]. Hug your loved ones, folks.
         | 
         | (side note: this is why if you ever find old orndance, or old
         | bottles of certain chemicals e.g. ether, you should stop
         | immediately and don't try to move it, just evacuate and call a
         | hazmat team)
         | 
         | What most likely happened is the old bomb corroded and formed a
         | pocket of these unstable salts, and when the flame hit it, a
         | DDT occurred which set off the bulk charge.
         | 
         | This is all well known to ordnance disposal folks, hence the
         | sandbox cover and evacuation radius. [3]
         | 
         | Edit: tweaked wording after some more research into bomb
         | composition.
         | 
         | P.S. I updated my notes on explosive composition. Turns out WW2
         | US/UK favored picrate mixes far more than the Germans (who
         | favored TNT, RDX, ammonium nitrate, and aluminum), and as a
         | result, allied bombs from this period are much more unstable
         | than German ones. Also note, forming unstable species isn't
         | necessary for DDT: e.g. the Halifax and Beirut explosions were
         | caused solely by burning ammonium nitrate. It's just much, much
         | harder to get a pile of AN to go off than rando metal nitrate
         | salts.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_explosives_used_duri...
         | 
         | [2] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC250_bomb
         | 
         | [3] https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20150922-these-nazi-
         | bombs...
         | 
         | [4] https://www.dw.com/en/wwii-bomb-self-detonates-in-german-
         | fie...
        
         | traceroute66 wrote:
         | > in my obviously completely inexpert opinion, I wouldn't have
         | recommended
         | 
         | I'm pretty confident they had some of the best experts on the
         | case.
         | 
         | The UK has some of the best bomb-disposal minds, the IRA
         | campaigns on the mainland during The Troubles ensured that.
         | Just look it up on wikipedia ... double-digit number of bombs
         | planted in some years !
        
           | goodSteveramos wrote:
           | Over a thousand or about 60% of the Provisional IRA kills
           | were British soldiers. So yea they got hit hard. I haven't
           | seen any evidence that they actually improved their bomb
           | disposal techniques though. The British Army kept getting
           | successfully bombed into the 90's.
        
           | twic wrote:
           | Does defusing a brand new IRA bomb involve the same set of
           | skills as defusing a decades-old Luftwaffe one? I would have
           | thought it's a rather different problem.
        
           | dsfyu404ed wrote:
           | IED has progressed immensely since the internet and the best
           | bomb disposal techs are the people who'd been doing it
           | recently and they're mostly in the middle east.
        
         | kayodelycaon wrote:
         | Doesn't seem all that nuts to me. C4 can be burned without it
         | going bang.
        
           | fbdab103 wrote:
           | The rules must be different for 80+ year old explosives?
           | Presumably every possible decomposition reaction is now
           | present.
        
         | Philip-J-Fry wrote:
         | Clearly the experts _do_ recommend it in certain circumstances.
        
         | samus wrote:
         | Some explosives, like C4, can actually be safely burned. To set
         | them off, a detonator is required. Explosives from WW2 probably
         | have similar properties, as it makes producing and handling
         | huge warheads a much less dangerous activity. Of course, there
         | might always be impurities in the material that makes them
         | behave much more unstably, both from production and because of
         | corrosion and chemical degradation over the ~80 years that have
         | passed.
        
           | NoZebra120vClip wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
         | mshockwave wrote:
         | No I believe it's a common approach. Without the fuse dynamites
         | are inert and you can burn it without exploding it, since they
         | are actually flammable. Of course, lots of steps can go wrong
         | like incomplete removal of the fuse.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ranger207 wrote:
         | For safety while handling, many explosives need both heat and
         | pressure to explode. Famously, soldiers in Vietnam would burn
         | C4 for heating water. However, explosives tend to become more
         | sensitive over time, and there's always a chance that the
         | explosive filler in this bomb wasn't an insensitive explosive
         | anyway. Given the chance of it exploding when burned versus
         | exploding when jolted, it probably made sense to burn it in
         | place
        
         | grogenaut wrote:
         | There's a lot about explosives and explosives removal that is
         | not obvious. Even more so because those techniques are
         | classified both to keep other weapon designers from designing
         | around your diffusal methods, but also to keep from elevating
         | the "game" as it were of the public.
         | 
         | There's also a ton of stuff you don't learn until years later
         | like how some old explosives cause salt crystals to form that
         | mess everything up more.
         | https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20150922-these-nazi-bombs...
         | 
         | What method would you have used in your common sense guess? The
         | old cut the red wire method? Chat gpt says "call the police and
         | leave the area" as the most effective bomb diffusal method. The
         | experts then "diffuse the bomb" as the next step. So there you
         | go.
        
           | spoils19 wrote:
           | [dead]
        
         | dannyphantom wrote:
         | I'm reminded of the time I heard of the story of a US town
         | blowing up a beached whale with TNT that didn't go as planned
         | in high-school when we were on unit discussion the mechanisms
         | of explosives. I think the teacher was there(?) as a kid and
         | it... _ignited_...an interest in explosive engineering in him.
        
           | blihp wrote:
           | While you possibly heard about a different story, this one
           | has made the rounds over the years:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6CLumsir34
        
       | golem14 wrote:
       | Glad no-one was insured. Here's, on a lighter note, a Bob Newhart
       | recording on Bomb defusing:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ArMf6xbMsLI
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | The last Civil War casualty was just a few years ago when someone
       | was fooling around with an intact shell.
        
         | yetanotherloser wrote:
         | I'm assuming you mean American Civil War... and I wouldn't rush
         | to call it done, some of those sieges involved a lot of big
         | ammunition and there might be more out there. Impressive it was
         | dry enough to go up, though, gunpowder soaks up moisture fairly
         | enthusiastically.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | Yes, the American Civil War.
        
             | phist_mcgee wrote:
             | If it was the english civil war then that would be even
             | more exciting.
        
       | jpgvm wrote:
       | Crazy how much energy that sand wall was able to dissipate.
        
       | 1letterunixname wrote:
       | I'm invoking Godwin's law: Always the damn Nazis!
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | gr4yb34rd wrote:
       | what happens if they send germany the bill for damages?
        
         | Eduard wrote:
         | Then Germany sends back their own bills?
         | 
         | Cologne has a found WW2 bomb every other week or so, e.g. look
         | at this non-exhaustive press release list: https://www.stadt-
         | koeln.de/basisdienste/suche/?keywords=Bomb...
         | 
         | Most can be disarmed, but some have to be exploded in a
         | controlled manner.
         | 
         | Nowadays I get pushed safety notifications to my phone (KATWARN
         | app) wherever I am in Germany that they found a WW2 bomb
         | nearby.
         | 
         | The app then shows the location and evacuation information.
        
           | ben_bai wrote:
           | Exactly, we (germany) find lots of old WW2 bombs and smaller
           | ordinances on our own terrain per year.
           | 
           | "Controlled" detonation of old bomb in Munich 10 years ago:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SrFydaWOTpI
        
           | jchw wrote:
           | You know, I think there might be a reason in particular why
           | Germany would be responsible for WW2 era bombs in England and
           | not vice versa...
           | 
           | (Not entirely serious here, but still.)
        
             | boomboomsubban wrote:
             | Yeah, let's levy all sorts of punitive measures on them.
             | After all, they were responsible and they lost! Nothing bad
             | could happen from that approach.
        
               | jchw wrote:
               | Well, other than the fact that it's too late now, that
               | does actually sound like what happens after you lose a
               | war, regardless of who's responsible.
        
               | samus wrote:
               | The issue is settled now. Germany paid huge war
               | reparations after WWII until the 1990s.
               | 
               | Apart from that, many of these explosives are
               | malfunctioning bombs that were supposed to go off when
               | firefighters and rescue personell are at the site. Such
               | devices are pure malice; the defense argument can't
               | justify them.
        
               | ssnistfajen wrote:
               | You can't randomly levy all sorts of minor nuisance onto
               | somebody after they've conceded and signed a bunch of
               | treaties largely drafted by the winning side meant to
               | settle this. That's just a great way to self-sabotage
               | your diplomatic reputation.
        
               | jchw wrote:
               | > signed a bunch of treaties largely drafted by the
               | winning side
               | 
               | That's what I was referring to. That's why it's too late
               | now.
               | 
               | Wasn't that complicated, but sometimes people on HN read
               | what they want to read.
        
               | kataklasm wrote:
               | That's what the winning nations in WWI did and it was one
               | of the single biggest reasons for WWII happening.
        
               | kayodelycaon wrote:
               | Yeah, but doing that caused a second world war. Hopefully
               | we learned something from that mistake.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | It's a popular theory that caused WWII, but it's likely
               | WWII would have happened either way. At a minimum Japan
               | wasn't impacted.
        
           | dahdum wrote:
           | > Then Germany sends back their own bills?
           | 
           | That's a bit like Russia sending Ukraine bills for destroyed
           | military equipment.
        
             | snickerbockers wrote:
             | That probably will happen if the ruskies win.
        
             | suddenclarity wrote:
             | Not really considering Britain and its allies declared war
             | on Germany. You can argue they did it for the greater good
             | but it's not like your example.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | There is an argument, of who started it.
           | 
           | But there is (or rather was) an greater argument, of not
           | wasting anymore time, with historic fights over and over
           | again and rather move on and look forward.
           | 
           | All the great conflicts are getting solved that way and not
           | with bean counting.
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | Do you think a former colonial power really wants to go down
         | that road?
        
         | boomboomsubban wrote:
         | Unless you want it sent in the Compiegne Wagon, they send all
         | their bomb disarmament bills back to the UK and they have far
         | more of them.
        
       | kitd wrote:
       | The guys who built that sand wall deserve a raise. Saved severe
       | damage to property and possibly a few lives.
        
       | Haga wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | dhosek wrote:
       | Wild, that they're still finding these almost 70 years later.
       | There used to be a British series about finding unexploded bombs
       | that was shown on PBS in the 80s or 90s called Danger: UXB about
       | the teams that would defuse the unexploded bombs that would be
       | found in England.
        
         | Lev1a wrote:
         | Here in Germany, all kinds of unexploded crap from WW2 is quite
         | routinely found, and not just during building/renovations.
         | 
         | I heard in one documentary following the defusing/safe
         | detonation of one of these that the "KBD" (one of the
         | shorthands for the civilian ordinance disposal services) is
         | estimated to have to work in this field for at least several
         | decades considering the (potential) amount of explosives still
         | hidden in the ground and water. Especially the water is another
         | hot topic since after WW2 the Allies just dumped huge amounts
         | of explosive ordinance and chemical weapons into the North and
         | Baltic Seas which are slowly corroding under the water and
         | releasing their toxic innards into the ecosystem(s).
         | 
         | A bunch of people employed by the ordinance disposal service
         | have died doing their work over the years (relevant portion
         | cited):
         | 
         | "Despite a professional and extremely cautious approach, deadly
         | accidents caused by uncontrolled explosions occur time and
         | again when defusing bombs. In the years 2000 to 2010, eight
         | explosive ordnance clearance personnel were killed in action,
         | [11] three of them alone in the detonation of a 500 kg Allied
         | bomb on June 2, 2010 in Gottingen." -- https://de-m-wikipedia-
         | org.translate.goog/wiki/Kampfmittelr%...
        
           | this_user wrote:
           | In the part of my city that I live in, they find, on average,
           | about one bomb per year that necessitates an evacuation so it
           | can be defused. Usually, these are found during construction
           | work.
        
           | Sakos wrote:
           | One was found in my city this week. Another one a few weeks
           | ago. They're surprisingly common.
        
         | Tomte wrote:
         | My German town of 70000 inhabitants has a WW2 bomb evacuation
         | roughly every 4 years, in my experience.
         | 
         | Many hundred to a few thousand people have to leave their
         | houses, police and other emergency services from the whole
         | state come into town, the whole day or evening is full of
         | sirens.
         | 
         | The local paper is running articles about the two or three bomb
         | specialists as if they were old friends you haven't seen for a
         | while.
         | 
         | Also when you're building the permit explicitly states that
         | anything found that looks like munitions must be left alone and
         | the town's crisis center be informed immediately. Around here
         | (but that's because the area was heavily bombed) they routinely
         | check aerial photos before issuing the permit. They even ask
         | old people who lived around here if they remember bombs falling
         | around the plot that's about to be built on.
        
         | ddejohn wrote:
         | Here's a chilling reminder of the _first_ world war,
         | https://orionmagazine.org/article/the-forbidden-forest/
         | 
         | It's pretty devastating to think that we're still dealing with
         | the fallout of WWI a hundred years later.
        
         | terramex wrote:
         | There is forest not far away from my parents home (central
         | Poland) where people were constantly finding unexploded bombs.
         | Finally, in 2012 a team was hired to clean it. It took them 9
         | months and they found "tens of thousands" of missiles, bombs,
         | munitions etc.
         | 
         | https://dzienniklodzki.pl/tony-bomb-i-pociskow-z-ii-wojny-sw...
         | 
         | If you are into First World War memorabilia sometimes you don't
         | even need metal detector to find shrapnel balls in local
         | forests if you know where to look.
        
           | samus wrote:
           | Makes one wonder how much of it has found its way into
           | illicit hands. Yes, it's more dangerous to the owner than to
           | any target at this point, but if you know what you're doing
           | it could be a source of explosives that is otherwise
           | completely untraceable.
        
             | Eisenstein wrote:
             | I think it would be more cost and time-effective to just
             | make explosives than go around searching for them, hoping
             | they don't blow up when you dig them out, then concealing
             | them and bringing them back to wherever your base of
             | operations is. Explosives are (somewhat) easy to make, it
             | is setting them off reliably without blowing yourself up
             | that is difficult.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | greedo wrote:
             | A munition with a fuse is nothing terrorists etc would
             | want. There's no way to know when it would explode, nor any
             | way to control it.
        
             | Merad wrote:
             | I'd imagine most people with the knowledge to safely handle
             | these types of explosives already have access to modern
             | weapons grade stuff (black market munitions, etc.). For
             | your run of the mill domestic terrorist type it really
             | isn't that hard to make explosives (fertilizer and diesel
             | fuel), so probably not worth the risk of messing with
             | unstable 100 year old bombs.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | It's not all that strange, a bomb that does not go off will
         | bury itself deep in the terrain, you need to go looking for
         | them somewhere between 8 and 12 meters deep!
         | 
         | The expectations are that for the areas in NL where there was a
         | lot of bombing that it will take another 125 years before
         | they'll be able to declare the job done.
        
         | HarryHirsch wrote:
         | In Germany WW2 bombs continue to go off at a rate of 1/year. We
         | have to thank the Lord Lindemann and Bomber Harris for that -
         | the two promoted the frankly idiotic idea of carpet bombing
         | cities instead of armament factories, hoping that the
         | population would overthrow Hitler. That at least was the
         | official line.
         | 
         | What these two war criminals did was mix delayed fuze explosive
         | bombs in with the regular incendiary and explosive load. The
         | idea was to kill firefighters and interfere with the
         | firefighting effort after a bombing run. Some of these delayed
         | fuzes worked too well and instead of 4 hours after release they
         | go off after 70 or 80 years.
        
         | nixass wrote:
         | I'm in datacenter business and I'm managing couple of
         | facilities around EMEA. German (Frankfurt and Berlin) sites are
         | notorious for sending out warnings that WW2 bombs were found in
         | vicinity and defuse plans. Having hundreds of kilos heavy bombs
         | near data centers makes my nerves tense. And I can only imagine
         | how many are still to be found
        
         | ta1243 wrote:
         | There was one about a year ago.
         | 
         | It was about 50 yards from my bedroom window when I was at
         | university 20 years ago. Wierd to think what could be sat in
         | the field opposite my house right now.
        
           | samus wrote:
           | Bombing wasn't all that accurate back then. No GPS- or laser-
           | guided ammunition was available yet. Missiles were quite
           | experimental still and mostly used by fighter-bombers. Night
           | bombing adds its own difficulties. Also, both sides had to
           | deal with enemy air defense that was quite state of the art,
           | therefore they could rarely take their leisure time to target
           | well.
        
             | implements wrote:
             | I believe the CEP (Circular Error Probable - the area near
             | the aiming point the bomb was likely to hit with a 50%
             | probability) was something like 5 miles for night-time
             | high-altitude bombing during WW2.
        
               | fbdab103 wrote:
               | A cursory search of WW2 airplanes, I am finding plenty of
               | bombers that could operate at 500+mph (probably not when
               | fully laden, but still). Targeting anything when going at
               | that speed by little more than eye is still hugely
               | impressive.
        
         | sarnowski wrote:
         | In Germany it is mandatory to do a bomb search on a plot before
         | you are allowed to start building a building.
         | 
         | Also photos of bomb drops are used to check where bombs might
         | have fallen and not explode.
         | 
         | https://www.spiegel.de/international/business/firm-uses-hist...
        
         | dghf wrote:
         | Parts of northeastern France are still off limits because of
         | stuff left over from the _First_ World War. Official estimates
         | are that, at the current rate of clean-up, it will take
         | somewhere between 300 and 700 years to clear the area
         | completely: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_Rouge
        
         | albertopv wrote:
         | Few years ago, in a town not far from Venice, digging a new
         | road underpass, they found a completely unknown underground
         | warehouse filled with nazi arms. That was quite exceptional,
         | but still nowadays WW2 bombs are found all over Italy, millions
         | were dropped.
        
         | implements wrote:
         | Great series. Towards the end they were showing the early
         | experiments with steaming high explosive from bombs too risky
         | to move. I guess this "burn the explosive out" method is the
         | current evolution of that.
        
         | kitd wrote:
         | They had to dredge Portsmouth Harbour to accommodate the new
         | QE2-class aircraft carriers.
         | 
         | Almost every week it seemed work had to stop and the area
         | evacuated because they kept pulling up unexploded ordnance,
         | Portsmouth being the home of the Navy and therefore very
         | heavily bombed during WW2.
        
         | docdeek wrote:
         | It's a reasonably regular thing here in France. It's the sort
         | of thing they'll find anytime there's a new building going up
         | with underground parking beneath it - the contractor digs,
         | finds a bomb, the army cordons off the quartier for a few hours
         | and sorts it out. Makes the local news but mainly because it
         | either obstructs traffic or is close to a school that needs to
         | shut for the morning.
        
           | dmitriid wrote:
           | There are Red Zones in France that are deemed unsuitable for
           | human habitation _since WWI_
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_Rouge
        
           | euroderf wrote:
           | > the contractor digs, finds a bomb
           | 
           | What does this mean ? Someone is operating a backhoe and
           | there is a loud KLUNK and the operator looks at what it hit
           | and says to him/herself jeez I'm lucky to still be alive ?
        
             | docdeek wrote:
             | I guess it is something like that, but don't know for sure.
             | I live in a major urban area so if they find an unexploded
             | bomb it has probably been built over a couple of times
             | since it was originally dropped. The most recent near me
             | (about 800 meters away) was in 2021 and the most
             | interesting thing about it for me was that it was a US
             | bomb, not a German one.
             | 
             | http://www.uniindia.com/news/world/people-france-
             | wwii/233733...
        
             | Xylakant wrote:
             | Most bombs are found by actively surveying the site, often
             | using old aerial photography. But random finds happen and
             | sometimes with deadly consequences. In 2014 a bomb exploded
             | during earth works, the backhoe operator was killed
             | https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/unfall-baggerfahrer-bei-
             | bombe...
        
             | emmelaich wrote:
             | For Belgian / Flemish farmers, yes.
        
             | samus wrote:
             | Pretty much, although in that case they would indeed be
             | very lucky to not set it off. I guess it is more likely
             | that they find it when they put down the soil they just
             | excavated. I would like to be educated about this, but I
             | feel they should pretty much expect these things and check
             | with a metal detector before excavating the next layer of
             | ground.
        
             | VLM wrote:
             | I'm sure it happens, sometimes.
             | 
             | Most of the time, the lawsuits for digging up someone's
             | fiber optic cable or natgas line are so staggering that
             | there are various "free" one-call services that mark buried
             | objects. The public utilities all pool resources to fund
             | it, so it's free in the sense that your utility bills pay
             | for it. I know a guy who had a gig doing that and in
             | addition to locate devices that are kind of like a giant
             | telco wire toner, they do indeed sometimes walk around with
             | a literal metal detector. Doesn't work very well on
             | terracotta sewer pipe but those generally collapse in a
             | couple decades as I've found out the hard way.
             | 
             | Anyway, yeah, a dude with a metal detector walking around
             | with a map of buried pipes in one hand saying "that's odd
             | there's not supposed to be a pipe here"...
        
             | Someone wrote:
             | Yes. I think it's more dangerous for farmers, though. They
             | have weaker machinery. Also, in parts of Belgium and
             | France, it's so common to find stuff that they carry small
             | explosives, including mustard gas grenades from World War
             | One, to the side of the road for later pickup by bomb
             | disposal experts
             | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_harvest)
        
         | NikkiA wrote:
         | I remember a WW1 naval mine being washed up on the beach we
         | went to when I was a child, and being evacuated away into the
         | town centre. Sort of leaves a memorable event when your 'day at
         | the beach' is ruined like that.
         | 
         | It was mid-70s, so Danger:UXB was still a couple of years away.
        
         | wcoenen wrote:
         | In Ypres, Belgium, there are still unexploded shells from the
         | first world war being unearthed. Those are now more than 100
         | years old. Farmers there know not to plough certain areas of
         | their land.
         | 
         | I think the most recent fatalities because of those bombs
         | occurred in 2014: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-
         | europe-26654314
        
           | emmelaich wrote:
           | It's so common there that you just leave your unexploded
           | munitions at your gate for a pick-up.
           | 
           | From Wikipedia ..
           | 
           | > _In Belgium, Dovo, the country 's bomb disposal unit,
           | recovers between 150 and 200 tons of unexploded bombs each
           | year. Over 20 members of the unit have been killed since it
           | was formed in 1919_
           | 
           | Many more of the public (farmers typically) have been killed
           | due to the "iron harvest"
        
         | MandieD wrote:
         | We still have several a year involving sudden neighborhood
         | evacuations in the Nuremberg area, and I expect my son, age 2,
         | will still be dealing with this when he's an old man if he
         | stays anywhere in Germany.
         | 
         | It's especially chaotic when one is found close enough to stop
         | traffic to and from the main train station, which is also a
         | nexus for the subways.
        
         | Xylakant wrote:
         | It's very common in Germany. August last year, Berlins disposal
         | site caught fire with 25 tons of not disposed ammunition on the
         | site. In winter, they blow up old ammunition every week - they
         | stop for the summer due to fire hazard.
        
         | smackeyacky wrote:
         | I loved that show when I was a kid. There is a ropey version
         | floating around on the ocean waiting for a curious buccaneer to
         | pick up. It still holds up.
        
         | oakesm9 wrote:
         | It's relatively common in the UK. According to this BBC
         | article[0] the Ministry of Defence deal with about 60 a year.
         | There was one washed up on the beach last month in Brighton
         | near me[1].
         | 
         | [0] What do we know about unexploded WW2 bombs?
         | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-devon-56243750
         | 
         | [1] https://www.brightonandhovenews.org/2023/01/02/suspected-
         | bom...
        
         | thombat wrote:
         | The problem of dumped munitions in the Baltic is compounded by
         | it being a good place to find amber, which looks quite similar
         | to white phosphorus:
         | 
         | https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/two-women-injur...
        
       | pengaru wrote:
       | Based on its discovery during dredging operations, I didn't
       | expect to see an onshore explosion. Did they move it before
       | attempting to defuse?
        
         | jameskilton wrote:
         | Article says they built a sand bunker around the bomb to
         | provide protection in case this happened. Sounds like the
         | bunker did its job!
        
           | ajb wrote:
           | In fact, they often just build a bunker and do a controlled
           | detonation - the bunker directs the explosion forces upwards,
           | where they don't harm anything. Not sure why they decided to
           | defuse this one.
        
             | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
             | The seismic wave propagating through the ground can damage
             | nearby buildings.
        
             | hutzlibu wrote:
             | When it is easy, they defuse it. But usually it is all
             | rust, so controlled demolition is the preferred way to go
             | and usually always done, unless it is hard because of
             | sensible surroundings. But then the bomb gets transported.
        
             | implements wrote:
             | Nearby gas mains and harbour sea wall, I believe.
        
         | zimpenfish wrote:
         | Looks like it was maybe dredged up and that's a) how they found
         | it and b) why it's on the side there.
        
       | toomuchtodo wrote:
       | https://www.norfolk.police.uk/news/latest-news/communities-t...
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/NorfolkPolice/status/1624133384069959682
        
       | grogenaut wrote:
       | The piece of shrapnel the size of a bus that lands on the road
       | gives you a sense of the scale and is horrifying. At first I was
       | like "they let someone drive by that site while diffusing?!?
        
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