[HN Gopher] Last Flight Out
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Last Flight Out
        
       Author : bo0tzz
       Score  : 702 points
       Date   : 2023-02-15 12:23 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (brr.fyi)
 (TXT) w3m dump (brr.fyi)
        
       | geocrasher wrote:
       | Is there anything a C-130 cannot do? What an incredible aircraft.
       | That landing, complete with reverse thrust, was incredible.
        
         | 0x0000000 wrote:
         | Just to make it a little crazier, all LC-130s (the ones with
         | skis) fly out of upstate New York!
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_LC-130
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | A C-130 with JATO is also fun to watch. I am not sure they do
         | it any more, but the Blue Angels used to do a demo of it with
         | Fat Albert[0] during their air show appearances.
         | 
         | [0] https://avgeekery.com/watch-fat-albert-rockets-into-
         | airshow-...
        
           | caseyohara wrote:
           | That is awesome!
        
       | elSidCampeador wrote:
       | > Our water comes from a "Rodwell", which is basically a big hole
       | in the ground.
       | 
       | TIL some people call a borewell a "rodwell"
        
         | bizzyb wrote:
         | not quite a borewell. short for rodriguez.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodriguez_well
         | https://www.southpolestation.com/trivia/rodwell/rodwell.html
        
         | hgsgm wrote:
         | Per the "boring rod"
         | 
         | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/boring%20rod
        
       | palla89 wrote:
       | It feels so magic to live in places with extreme conditions. Lack
       | of comforts, internet on/off and the real danger that something
       | really important suddenly brokes, I imagine that it let you feel
       | more alive than ever!
       | 
       | Don't know if it's something that's only poetic and beautiful
       | when thinking about it or if it's the real deal, but imagining
       | myself, after a long day with -50degC outside, to be 10k miles
       | from everyone and everything, just with my blanket and a book or
       | a movie that I waited 20 days to have fully downloaded.
        
       | ncr100 wrote:
       | One area of research at the opposite side, McMurdo, apparently is
       | around glaciers melting.
       | 
       | > Warming seas are carving into massive Antarctic glacier that
       | could trigger sea level rise
       | https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/02/1...
       | 
       | Q: I wonder if the South Pole station is also involved in active
       | climate research or if the North Pole is somehow more
       | scientifically relevant to near-term climate change?
       | 
       | Enlightning observation:
       | 
       | > [...] researchers have determined that warm water is getting
       | channeled into crevasses in what the researchers called
       | "terraces" -- essentially, upside-down trenches -- and carving
       | out gaps under the ice. As the ice then flows toward the sea,
       | these channels enlarge and become future potential break points,
       | where the floating ice shelf comes apart and produces huge
       | icebergs.
        
       | gammarator wrote:
       | My favorite writing about Antarctica is "Big Dead Place":
       | https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-04-30/big-dead-place-the-wi...
       | 
       | You can find the blog in the Internet Archive:
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20120402141259/http://www.bigdea...
       | or grab the book.
       | 
       | Silver medal to Maciej for this one:
       | https://idlewords.com/2016/05/shuffleboard_at_mcmurdo.htm
        
       | zbaxrl wrote:
       | Another blog, about the french-italian base Concordia.
       | 
       | https://www.gdargaud.net/Antarctica/WinterDC1.html
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | In years past there was also ABigDeadPlace.com, which has since
         | lapsed due to the author's unfortunate death. Thankfully it was
         | published as a book, _Big Dead Place: Inside the Strange and
         | Menacing World of Antarctica_ by Nicholas Johnson. If brr.fyi
         | strikes your fancy, I bet that book would as well.
         | 
         | https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/40919
        
           | ripley12 wrote:
           | 100%. I would describe the subject matter as "dysfunctional
           | office politics in Antarctica", which doesn't sound
           | fascinating but it really is!
        
           | teachrdan wrote:
           | I can second Big Dead Place. It's an entertaining and
           | slightly cynical take on the Antarctic, including such
           | details as the head of an American base personally removing
           | the "Made in China" stickers from the souvenirs in the gift
           | shop, and a description of how an item brought inside from
           | the outdoors radiates cold like a campfire radiates heat.
        
       | jpamata wrote:
       | Always loved reading about adventures in Antarctica. It feels
       | like the closest thing we can get to going to an exoplanet.
        
       | gnatman wrote:
       | I thought those fuel bladders were pretty cool! Never thought
       | about transporting volatiles in anything other than a rigid tank.
       | Also had to look up what AN-8 Fuel is:
       | 
       | "AN8 is a special fuel blend unique to the Antarctic and Arctic.
       | It has a lower flash point of 100 degrees Fahrenheit, which also
       | lowers the gelling point when extreme cold temperatures can cause
       | wax crystals to start forming in the fuel. AN8 will remain liquid
       | until about minus 72 degrees."
       | 
       | https://antarcticsun.usap.gov/features/2975
        
         | kylehotchkiss wrote:
         | Now I wonder what the cost per gallon is!
        
           | Maxion wrote:
           | With these type of operations it becomes a bit semantic and
           | depends entirely on how you define costs and over what
           | timespan.
           | 
           | You have to ship it there via tanker, store at McMurdo, and
           | ship across the ice on special purpose vehicles. If you
           | divide the whole cost of all that up per gallon of fuel you
           | get a price. But if you need more, the margin cost for the
           | next gallon is going to be an interesting one, and probably
           | come with a free extra 9999 gallons or something.
        
       | pmarreck wrote:
       | These stories are always interesting and I feel like a lot of us
       | have a strand within us that wouldn't mind doing a tour in a
       | place like that
        
       | ta1243 wrote:
       | The shower page was interesting, you get 4 minutes of shower time
       | a week
       | 
       | https://brr.fyi/posts/showering-at-the-south-pole
       | 
       | I'm surprised they can't just melt snow water to run things like
       | showers.
       | 
       | Oddly no suggestions on the page about doubling up your shower
       | with someone else to have longer or more frequent showers.
        
         | biesnecker wrote:
         | There's only a few centimeters of snow per year at the pole,
         | it's a high desert, and digging the ice out is probably not
         | worth the energy?
        
           | InitialLastName wrote:
           | The same blog has a post referring to snow accumulation
           | (evidently wind-blown, not precipitated) requiring enormous
           | operations and infrastructural efforts to keep the station
           | from being buried [0].
           | 
           | There seems to be plenty of snow available, if you want to
           | melt it. Energy is the issue.
           | 
           | [0] https://brr.fyi/posts/south-pole-topography
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | stickfigure wrote:
         | I'm more curious about what they do with the greywater. If you
         | just dumped it you'd end up with a giant, evergrowing pile of
         | dirty ice.
        
           | bizzyb wrote:
           | the rodwell where they melt the ice for their water makes a
           | big cavern in the ice. the previous rodwell is used for all
           | greywater/human waste, indeed making a giant shitcicle. when
           | the current freshwater rodwell is done, they start a new one
           | and that one becomes the new dumping one.
        
           | frosted-flakes wrote:
           | There's another post on his blog about visiting the sewage
           | treatment plant at McMurdo (not Pole, I don't know what they
           | do there). At McMurdo it's like any other sewage treatment
           | plant: they release the cleaned water into the sea.
        
             | ta1243 wrote:
             | Which can't be done at the pole. The options are either
             | drive it (and all waste) out to McMurdo, or leave it there.
        
         | hgsgm wrote:
         | 2 people in a shower doesn't effectively decrease water usage
         | per person, and the logistics overhead would eat into the 4
         | minutes.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | If done with someone you find attractive, that also finds you
           | attractive, 2 people to a shower, that _want_ to participate
           | in this shared activity of showering together, increases this
           | thing called  "fun". (Both parties wanting to participate is
           | requisite for this "fun" to happen. If one or both parties
           | does not want to, this "fun" does not happen. Even if both
           | parties want to, that is not a guarantee that "fun" will
           | happen.) Note that this "fun" is unable to spontaneously
           | generate water, unfortunately. However, every rules lawyer
           | will note that the limit is 4 minutes of water, and not a
           | limit of spending 4 minutes in the shower. (8 minutes of
           | water for two people.) Thus, two people may choose to spend
           | additional time in the shower with the water off. If it is
           | not clear to you what two consenting, attracted, naked, soapy
           | adults could possibly do for "fun", please find and ask an
           | adult that you know and trust.
        
         | eigenhombre wrote:
         | Previous discussion here:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34658286
        
         | hibbelig wrote:
         | Doesn't that post explain that this is just what they do, and
         | that melting the snow is pretty involved?
        
           | seanw444 wrote:
           | There's also limited fuel that they have to conserve, so
           | infinite snow does not mean infinite water.
        
             | raisedbyninjas wrote:
             | With a 30 degree delta between temperature and wind chill,
             | I'd think they're ripe for wind turbines.
        
               | EricLeer wrote:
               | Unfortunatly wind turbines are also not really a big fan
               | of the cold. When ice grows on the blades they can become
               | unstable.
        
             | ratg13 wrote:
             | Seems like a decent opportunity to use a nuclear reactor ..
             | something like what you would find on a submarine.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | It was tried!
               | http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2014/ph241/reid2/
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | I wonder what it'd take to adapt NuScale's SMR design.
               | Probably a lot, given the unusual rigors of the Antarctic
               | environment, but for basically the same reasons it seems
               | like something that'd be worth funding.
        
               | quickthrowman wrote:
               | We already tried that 60 years ago in Greenland, it
               | didn't end well.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Iceworm
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | That didn't fail because of the nuclear reactor, it
               | failed because the ice sheet movement deformed the
               | tunnels over time and collapsed ceilings. Nothing to do
               | with the feasibility of sitting a portable nuclear
               | reactor on top of the ice like the settlements in
               | Antarctica.
        
               | sponaugle wrote:
               | There is a fascinating film about that reactor:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlmOQJW5Xis
        
         | hollerith wrote:
         | >I'm surprised they can't just melt snow
         | 
         | They do get their water by melting snow _and_ they use waste
         | heat from the generation of electricity to do some or all of
         | the melting.
         | 
         | Apparently, it takes a lot of energy to melt snow.
        
         | n1b0m wrote:
         | I'm game if you are
        
         | jrochkind1 wrote:
         | > Everyone is free to stand in the physical shower stall as
         | long as they want! As long as they keep water flow within the
         | allocated quota.
         | 
         | I'm going to be turning on the water to get wet, soaping up,
         | turning on the water to rinse. If I have some extra maybe I'll
         | let the water just run for some seconds to enjoy it.
         | 
         | More people in the shower isn't going to help, they're just
         | going to get in the way.
         | 
         | Also, at least 10 years ago when I heard from someone who was
         | there, the over-winter population at the base was super-
         | majority men, rather homophobic, and flaunting any
         | hetereosexual couplings you had was... fraught, due to issues
         | of jealosy and competition.
        
           | bartvk wrote:
           | I wonder if there are libido-inhibiting drugs you can take,
           | and whether that would help.
        
             | KineticLensman wrote:
             | The British Army allegedly used Bromide in tea for this
             | purpose in WW2 [0]
             | 
             | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide#Folk_and_passe_me
             | dicin...
        
               | ReptileMan wrote:
               | Old joke from where I live
               | 
               | Two old vets (in their 90s) are sitting in a bench
               | 
               | The first says - Mate, do you remember the bromide they
               | gave us in the military?
               | 
               | The second - yeah?
               | 
               | The first guy - Well it started to work.
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | > I'm going to be turning on the water to get wet, soaping
           | up, turning on the water to rinse.
           | 
           | Commonly called a military shower[0], and exactly what I do
           | in my RV when boondocking.
           | 
           | [0] In the military, ironically, even in boot camp we didn't
           | shower this way, we just went very quickly. just the pits...
        
             | rtkwe wrote:
             | I've heard that specifically called a Navy shower in most
             | cases not generically military.
        
         | Aeolun wrote:
         | Strangely enough the South Pole Mega Shower is still shorter
         | than my average shower time.
         | 
         | Maybe you can catch and reuse your own water. Then you'd just
         | need to bring a jerrycan and water heater every time.
        
       | joe_lin wrote:
       | What happens if someone has a true medical emergency? Like heart
       | attack or burst appendix? Are they stranded?
       | 
       | I feel like this fear would be lingering over me the entire time.
        
         | panax wrote:
         | That's why in Villas Las Estrellas they require residents to
         | have their appendix to be removed:
         | https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20180810-villas-las-estre...
        
         | stinkytaco wrote:
         | You could cut it out yourself [1]
         | 
         | But I've read that doctors do need to have their appendix
         | removed, but not other people. I can't find a source on that,
         | however.
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-32481442
        
           | biztos wrote:
           | Probably not if it burst!
           | 
           | > It was not an easy choice. Rogozov knew his appendix could
           | burst and if that happened, it would almost certainly kill
           | him - and while he considered his options, his symptoms got
           | worse.
           | 
           | (From your link.)
        
         | GTP wrote:
         | Usually in such outcast places they have a room equipped for
         | light surgery and some emergency procedures. You won't receive
         | the same level of care that you would have in a proper
         | hospital, but they should be able to at least do some
         | "temporary fix" while transportation to a proper hospital is
         | arranged if needed. Appendectomy shouldn't be a problem.
        
           | Klonoar wrote:
           | >but they should be able to at least do some "temporary fix"
           | while transportation to a proper hospital is arranged if
           | needed.
           | 
           | I believe the person you're responding to is moreso asking
           | what would happen if it was during the months where no
           | inbound or outbound transportation is possible.
        
         | wiml wrote:
         | Well, yes. There's the famous case of when a station's only
         | doctor had appendicitis so he removed his own [1], and another
         | who had to do her own cancer biopsy and chemotherapy [2]. The
         | equations may be simple but they are still very cold.
         | 
         | [1] Leonid Rogozov, 1961.
         | https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-32481442
         | 
         | [2] Jerri Nielsen, 1998.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerri_Nielsen
        
       | mashygpig wrote:
       | I just finished reading "Alone" by Richard Byrd [0]. It's about a
       | man who wintered alone in Antarctica during the dark night in
       | 1934. I found it very captivating and I think a lot of those on
       | HN would find it interesting; especially those who find this blog
       | interesting.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/368563
        
         | xNeil wrote:
         | Thank you very much for the recommendation! I now how I'm
         | spending the day today :)
        
       | izolate wrote:
       | Fascinating. I wish I could do something similar. My personality
       | traits naturally favor isolation, darkness and the cold.
       | Unfortunately, I doubt there's any need for software engineers in
       | Antarctica.
        
       | faceloss wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | the_duke wrote:
       | Don't miss it on the FAQ, it's' hilarious.
        
       | ethbr0 wrote:
       | If you zoom in on the first warehouse picture, you see there's
       | ice inside the stores warehouse.
       | 
       | I guess they let everything that can tolerate it freeze?
        
         | enoch_r wrote:
         | I got sucked into reading a few other posts by the same author
         | and one is about exactly this! https://brr.fyi/posts/frost
         | 
         | Pretty incredible.
        
           | dvas wrote:
           | Agree! Interesting read which got me thinking about how we
           | take our current systems (hvac, phones, laptops) /
           | constructions materials and the environments we use them in
           | with the expectation that they should work 99% of the time.
           | 
           | Down the rabbit hole... how long would my phone last in
           | strato/meso/thermo spheres before memory starts flipping due
           | to cosmic rays?
           | 
           | Thanks for sharing!
        
         | V__ wrote:
         | Check out his previous post: https://brr.fyi/posts/frost
         | 
         | > We don't heat spaces unless we have to!
         | 
         | > The ice isn't really "wet" per se. It has the consistency of
         | shattered automotive safety glass. On a related note, the snow
         | doesn't really behave like "frozen water crystals". It's more
         | like "very cold sand".
        
         | tom-from-july wrote:
         | Yep, see this other post: https://brr.fyi/posts/frost
        
       | anovikov wrote:
       | Always wondered if at least one-way resupply was possible
       | (containers airdropped and guided by GPS to land at precise
       | point)?
        
       | dahart wrote:
       | Not sure why I'd never learned or noticed the altitude of the
       | South Pole is so high, no wonder it's extra chilly. I assume the
       | screenshot is off by a bit maybe because it's estimating altitude
       | from barometric pressure or something?
        
         | hgsgm wrote:
         | The South Pole is also closer to the center of the earth than
         | the equator. Not sure how that effects altitude:temperature
         | relationship .
        
           | dahart wrote:
           | Good question. I guess that temp is driven mostly by altitude
           | above sea level, so proximity to Earth's center doesn't
           | affect temp, but I'm not certain. At least I looked it up,
           | and the coastline of Antarctica is about 40C warmer than the
           | high altitude plateau...
        
         | dmckeon wrote:
         | Wikipedia gives the altitude for the South Pole station as:
         | 
         | > The station is located on the high plateau of Antarctica at
         | 2,835 metres (9,301 ft) above sea level.
         | 
         | The screenshot shows air pressure, expressed as altitude and
         | pressure. 685mb is mildly thin air for humans, but the top of
         | Everest is about 250mb. Earth sea level is 1000mb, and the
         | surface of Mars would be about 6mb. BYO oxygen and pressure.
        
       | mig39 wrote:
       | When the author refers to AN-8 fuel, do they mean JP-8? Jet fuel
       | / Kerosene?
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | This is the engine:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivchenko_AI-20
        
         | bearbin wrote:
         | AN-8 is kerosene, similar to JP-8, but with a lower freezing
         | point specification.
         | 
         | https://erdc-library.erdc.dren.mil/jspui/bitstream/11681/243...
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | No fresh food? Some Antarctic stations have hydroponics setups,
       | is South Pole an exception?
       | 
       | https://www.antarctica.gov.au/antarctic-operations/stations/...
        
       | ryandrake wrote:
       | Whenever I read about how humans are about to colonize Mars, I
       | think about how much logistics it takes to keep even a single
       | base with a handful of people populated on the South Pole. It's
       | like Mars, but with plentiful oxygen and atmospheric pressure,
       | plentiful (albeit frozen) water, shielded from radiation, low-
       | latency communication with civilization, and is reachable by air
       | and ground vehicles. Given how difficult and fraught it is to
       | keep a few people alive down there, how does anyone expect to
       | keep a few people alive on Mars, let alone build a colony there?
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | humans aren't about to colonize mars. At best we could put
         | people on the surface for a week and return them home safely
         | (with some non-zero probability of death).
         | 
         | What's really crazy is what it would take to build sustainable
         | non-earth infrastructure if earth wasn't available. I mean,
         | sure, start with space robots that can extrude aluminum, but
         | ... if you read the story of the western colonizers, it was
         | brutal especially if they couldn't get resupplied.
        
           | faceloss wrote:
           | [dead]
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | >if you read the story of the western colonizers, it was
           | brutal especially if they couldn't get resupplied.
           | 
           | For all of the places western colonizers went, there were
           | always resources that Mars will never have. Skipping past the
           | obvious lack of atmosphere, there are no food sources. While
           | they have found ice meaning some water is available, it is
           | actually potable?
           | 
           | Trying to compare early colonizers of any place on Earth to
           | the experiences of whatever will happen on Mars is just pure
           | folly.
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | THe point is to say that if we can't win the game on easy
             | mode, probably best not to try to win it on hard mode.
        
         | gpm wrote:
         | We've had permanent bases in the south pole for 120 years now.
         | It's not particularly fraught. It's not free, but with a small
         | investment of money we're perfectly able to do it.
         | 
         | We can't colonize it of course, because The Antarctic Treaty
         | forbids territorial claims. Not because we aren't able to build
         | things in the conditions that exist there.
         | 
         | Mars introduces a lot of new challenges, but 120 years of
         | technological development gives us a lot of new tools to
         | address them.
        
           | hannasanarion wrote:
           | How do you figure 120 years? The first South Pole Station was
           | Old Amudsen Scott which started operations in 1957 (65 years
           | ago), the winter of 57-58 was the first time humans stayed
           | through the long night at the pole.
        
             | gpm wrote:
             | Wikipedia is claiming that the Omond House - 1903 - was the
             | first permanent base. Renamed to Orcadas Base in 1904 and
             | permanently inhabited since.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orcadas_Base
        
               | dogsgobork wrote:
               | That's not even within the Antarctic circle, I don't
               | think I'd consider it a "South Pole" outpost.
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | i think your observation is excellent.
         | 
         | but the entire Mars thing, the last several years, smells like
         | Elon Musk trying to drum up interest to force government
         | funding that he hopes to channel his way.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _how difficult and fraught it is to keep a few people alive
         | down there, how does anyone expect to keep a few people alive
         | on Mars, let alone build a colony there?_
         | 
         | Necessity is the mother of invention. It makes no sense to use
         | precious Antarctic time and space growing all the food when
         | it's cheaper to ship it in. Similar to how civilizations with a
         | history of littoral shipbuilding figured out ocean-faring--if
         | you're always a day from port, you don't bother baking hard
         | tack. That doesn't mean you can't.
        
           | wwweston wrote:
           | This is a statement about the absence of immediate first-
           | order incentives.
           | 
           | But there are other incentives, for example, being interested
           | in the problems of actually settling Mars.
           | 
           | Necessity is certainly motivating, but people serious about
           | their ambitions often don't wait for it to motivate their
           | preparations. Would-be serious ocean-farers probably want to
           | become practiced in
           | producing/storing/carrying/consuming/restoring hard tack (or
           | other equivalent sustenance) before relying on it over weeks
           | away from port.
           | 
           | The absence of self-sustaining colonies in harsh outposts on
           | the earth (and similar absence of more local positive
           | terraforming projects) indicate limits in how serious anyone
           | is about colonizing Mars.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _absence of self-sustaining colonies in harsh outposts on
             | the earth (and similar absence of more local positive
             | terraforming projects) indicate limits in how serious
             | anyone is about colonizing Mars_
             | 
             | This is a stronger argument. I agree. I think there is
             | serious interest in establishing permanent facilities on
             | Mars. But a self-sufficient, self-sustaining population
             | isn't being planned on because there are too many unknowns
             | for any definition of a plan that doesn't overlap hard
             | science fiction.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | Something I've never even seen _mentioned_ , let along
               | seriously discussed, is the protocol for deciding under
               | what circumstances the first human will be born and
               | raised off-earth. I predict that will turn out to be an
               | intractable problem.
        
               | MagicMoonlight wrote:
               | When a female crew member gets nutted in on the two year
               | long journey to mars...
               | 
               | I give it like a day before they're all having sex.
        
               | xen2xen1 wrote:
               | I can't imagine they won't all be fixed for that reason.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _the protocol for deciding under what circumstances the
               | first human will be born and raised off-earth_
               | 
               | This one's easy. We won't have one when it happens.
               | 
               | > _predict that will turn out to be an intractable
               | problem_
               | 
               | In what ways?
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | Goodness, where to even begin? Maybe here...
               | 
               | https://www.wired.com/2009/08/spacebabies/
               | 
               | We've never even successfully raised a _mouse_ in space.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | Oh, you're talking about extraterrestrial reproduction
               | being intractable. Sure. I have no view on this
               | scientifically. That won't stop people from trying. And
               | I'd assume there's a massive difference between zero g
               | and 0.4g.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | Maybe. We have zero data about this.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _have zero data about this_
               | 
               | I agree with you as much as I am certain that data have
               | close to no consequence for the people making the
               | decision.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Have you not read Stranger In A Strange Land?
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | Yes. Why do you think that's relevant? You are aware that
               | this was a work of fiction, yes?
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Wait, what? Someone wasn't actually born on Mars, and
               | there aren't actually Martians? You're joking! /s
               | 
               | Did you honestly believe that I was suggesting that the
               | first person born on Mars was going to be considered the
               | owner of Mars?
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | Let me pose a different question.
           | 
           | If the purpose of Mars is being a lifeboat for some life-
           | ending disaster on Earth, why doesn't that group of people go
           | and build a self-sufficient colony in the Antarctic?
           | 
           | It'll get you 90% of the way there for way less than 10% of
           | the effort.
           | 
           | Necessity is the mother of invention, and nobody is doing it
           | because it's not actually necessary. Martian colonisation is
           | more of a religion, than the product of an actual positive
           | cost/benefit analysis.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _the purpose of Mars is being a lifeboat for some life-
             | ending disaster on Earth, why doesn 't that group of people
             | go and build a self-sufficient colony in the Antarctic?_
             | 
             | There are various reasons for wanting to go to Mars. I
             | don't think most people's primary motivation is species-
             | level survival.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | Like what? A research outpost?
               | 
               | You have to get into a knife fight with your peers to get
               | a grad student who works for ramen on your lab's funding
               | proposal, you're not going to get the amortized cost of a
               | real lab on Mars approved. For that money, there's a
               | thousand languishing research proposals that we should be
               | looking into instead.
               | 
               | There are no economic reasons to go there, either. It's
               | too far away, it's too dangerous, and shipping anything
               | is too much work.
               | 
               | There are no military reasons to go there, either. The
               | military is happy to put weapons in orbit, but Mars is
               | too far away.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _research outpost?_
               | 
               | Sure. Tourism, too. Many of us have an exploration urge
               | and instinct, and I can't say it's all rational.
               | 
               | > _there 's a thousand languishing research proposals
               | that we should be looking into instead_
               | 
               | But we're not. People are motivated by passion. I'm not
               | convinced every engineer at SpaceX would be engineering
               | without that mission in their head. I'm also certain the
               | capital being pumped into SpaceX isn't fungible into
               | other research.
               | 
               | Mars, Inc. made a good pitch. It got people excited and
               | involved. I get the sour grapes. We all have pet projects
               | we'd prefer be prioritized instead. But I don't see us
               | fighting over a fixed-sized pie.
        
               | kwhitefoot wrote:
               | George Mallory's reply to why he wanted to climb Everest
               | will do: "Because it's there."
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | The "research outposts" thing was pretty much solved by
               | sending robots to these hostile environments. They have
               | some serious limitations, but it's a lot cheaper to send
               | a few kilograms on a robot than a few hundred kilograms
               | of meat to carry out a few known procedures.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | Because any calamity serious enough to threaten humanity on
             | that level is likely to threaten Antarctica just as
             | seriously.
        
           | willhslade wrote:
           | How is it necessary to colonize Mars?
        
           | tunesmith wrote:
           | TIL "littoral"... I initially misread it as a misspelling of
           | "literal".
        
           | localplume wrote:
           | Precious space? Its a pretty big continent.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Precious space? Its a pretty big continent_
             | 
             | That you can't farm on. The farmable bits are in protected,
             | heated shelters that are expensive to build and maintain.
        
               | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
               | It's roughly a million times easier to grow food on the
               | South Pole than it is to grow it on Mars.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _a million times easier to grow food on the South Pole
               | than it is to grow it on Mars_
               | 
               | And it's a million easier still to import it. So apart
               | from hydroponics for treats and research, it's not a
               | problem worth solving.
        
               | el_nahual wrote:
               | > it's not a problem worth solving.
               | 
               | Exactly. Farming on mars is not a problem worth solving.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Exactly. Farming on mars is not a problem worth
               | solving_
               | 
               | I know you're being flippant, but this is a textbook
               | propositional fallacy. (Affirming a disjunct [1], I
               | think.)
               | 
               | In summary, you argue: farming on Antarctica is
               | difficult, so we import food instead. Farming on Mars is
               | difficult, but we don't want to import food. Herego, we
               | shouldn't farm on Mars or bother with it at all.
               | Alternatively, if X (farming is difficult), Y (farm) or Z
               | (import). You're arguing neither Y or Z by, implicitly,
               | rejecting Z. That doesn't make sense.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirming_a_disjunct
        
               | 1659447091 wrote:
               | Exactly. We need replicators[0], problem solved.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replicator_(Star_Trek)
        
               | insane_dreamer wrote:
               | Resupply latencies not exactly comparable.
               | 
               | So I would say that yes, farming on Mars is a problem
               | worth solving, and one that will be solved once there's a
               | need to do so (that doesn't mean it will be easy or
               | inexpensive).
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | The people who will be born there will likely not agree
               | with you.
        
               | mlindner wrote:
               | On Mars you have soil you can process into something
               | plants can use (note: needs to be washed free of its
               | perchlorate contamination first) whereas at the South
               | Pole there is no soil that is not buried under hundreds
               | of meters of ice. You can't just create a heated
               | greenhouse on top of the ice because it will melt the ice
               | underneath.
               | 
               | They've already done tests where they've grown plants in
               | Martial soil simulant.
        
               | floxy wrote:
               | >at the South Pole there is no soil that is not buried
               | under hundreds of meters of ice.
               | 
               | https://www.scenic.com.au/news/seasons-of-antarctica
               | 
               | https://www.antarctica.gov.au/news/2015/scientists-
               | heading-t...
               | 
               | https://www.sciencealert.com/here-s-how-antarctica-
               | managed-t...
        
               | mlindner wrote:
               | South pole. I'm not talking about Antarctica as a whole.
               | There's plenty of areas on Antarctica's coast where small
               | plants/lichen grow.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | mach1ne wrote:
         | Planning, quite simply. Antarctic station is planned to be as
         | robust as needed, and so it is.
        
         | tegeek wrote:
         | Humans are not going to visit Mars anytime soon, let alone
         | colonize. There are not one but many unsolved technical,
         | economical etc. issues.
         | 
         | But its a dream and a wish list. And We're the only species who
         | can have dreams as big as we want.
        
           | OkayPhysicist wrote:
           | Economical and ethical issues are the kind that would be
           | immediately swept away if, say, China said they were going to
           | beat us there. The cost is approximately trivial compared to
           | the US's budget. Technical issues I don't really buy. Getting
           | to the martian surface isn't much more complicated than going
           | to the moon and back. Getting back into martian orbit is
           | trickier, but not in a "Requires novel breakthroughs or
           | undiscovered science" way.
           | 
           | It's perfectly reasonable to say the reason we don't
           | currently have anybody on Mars is because we (politically)
           | just don't really want to. If the Russians had beat us to the
           | Moon, we probably would have made it Mars decades ago.
        
         | shawndrost wrote:
         | I think everyone envisions Mars as harder than the South Pole.
         | The reason people like Elon envision colonizing Mars instead of
         | the South Pole is that they posit a big prize for succeeding at
         | the former (becoming the emperor of a large, viable landmass,
         | out of range of other nation-states' control and blast radius)
         | but not the latter.
         | 
         | (I think this is an accurate observation of motives, but I
         | disagree with the posit.)
        
         | rzzzt wrote:
         | This is a latency vs. throughput / pipeline problem in
         | disguise. You could send a food truck's worth of food every
         | hour towards Mars; the first few months will be peaceful and
         | quiet, but things change when a food truck appears in orbit
         | every hour or so.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | That only helps if they need lunch not some specific part or
           | medicine etc.
           | 
           | Also, Earth Mars transfers get dramatically more expensive
           | outside of specific timing and of course actually sending
           | multiple packages gets ruinously expensive.
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohmann_transfer_orbit
        
             | rzzzt wrote:
             | Increasing the number of vehicles in the fleet lets one
             | consider alternative transfers, like the bi-elliptic one
             | mentioned in the article.
             | 
             | ...though it might make matters a bit difficult that
             | expected durations vary between 300-ish days and 4 years
             | when I run the numbers in NASA's Trajectory Browser:
             | https://trajbrowser.arc.nasa.gov/
        
         | Taniwha wrote:
         | My friend who wintered over claimed that the Pole doesn't have
         | "plentiful oxygen and atmospheric pressure" - it's high above
         | sea level, the earth's spin reduces the pressure at the poles
         | and if a low pressure weather system comes in people suffer
         | from altitude sickness
         | 
         | https://www.usap.gov/USAPgov/travelAndDeployment/documents/M...
        
           | hapidjus wrote:
           | Compared to Mars?
        
             | Taniwha wrote:
             | No not compared to Mars, more compared to where humans
             | normally live
        
           | aaroninsf wrote:
           | TIL thank you, that is very interesting!
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | Love it!
        
       | nicky0 wrote:
       | What a tastefully designed and executed blog site. Well done.
        
       | poxrud wrote:
       | I would love to try this out for a week or two, but I can't
       | imagine doing this for 9 months. For me the feeling of
       | claustrophobia and loneliness would be overwhelming.
        
         | toss1 wrote:
         | Perhaps contact a Tibetan Buddhist teaching center. They have
         | meditation and introspection programs ranging from weekend
         | intro courses to multi-month retreats where you isolate in a
         | cabin on site (but you are checked in on). I know a few who
         | have done it for a week or a month, and all say it's very
         | interesting and enlightening, tho also suggest working up to
         | it. The one I'm most familiar with is Karme Choling in northern
         | Vermont [0], and there are others. Even the short retreats
         | yield wonderful states of mind. Check it out!
         | 
         | [0] https://www.karmecholing.org/
         | 
         | [0] https://www.karmecholing.org/
        
       | RugnirViking wrote:
       | That is something i've long dreamed of doing. Would love to work
       | with british antarctic survey etc. Not sure if my background in
       | robotics/engineering would be that useful there though unless I
       | push in a tangential direction like radios
        
         | clarkema wrote:
         | There are often openings for people with electronics
         | engineering backgrounds for roles supporting science and met,
         | as opposed to comms and base IT. It doesn't hurt to apply.
         | 
         | Edit: https://www.bas.ac.uk/jobs/careers-at-bas/operational-
         | suppor...
        
           | shagie wrote:
           | Another over winter opportunity - for Ice Cube
           | https://jobs.hr.wisc.edu/en-us/job/516435/winterover-
           | experim...
           | 
           | > Winterovers enjoy a variety of job duties during their
           | estimated 12 to 13 month deployment at the South Pole.
           | Technical duties include operating and maintaining the
           | IceCube detector subsystems; operating and maintaining
           | complex computer data systems at the South Pole; uploading
           | the research data via satellite to the northern hemisphere;
           | analyzing and resolving problems with the detector
           | electronics; providing critical hardware and software
           | support; writing and submitting weekly reports to the
           | collaboration and monthly reports to the National Science
           | Foundation; and participating in Wisconsin IceCube Particle
           | Astrophysics Center outreach activities.
           | 
           | (Note that if that _does_ interest someone, the application
           | deadline is March 1)
        
         | arethuza wrote:
         | If you like that kind of thing I can recommend the book _Time
         | on Ice: A Winter Voyage to Antarctica_ - it 's about a couple
         | overwintering in Antarctica in their yacht:
         | 
         | https://www.amazon.com/Time-Ice-Winter-Voyage-Antarctica/dp/...
         | 
         | Edit: If I remember correctly they also sailed from and back to
         | Sweden to do this...
        
       | moneywoes wrote:
       | How are the interpersonal relationships like being stuck with
       | others for months
        
         | pavlov wrote:
         | Apparently not great if you're a woman:
         | 
         | https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/02/as-antarctic-fieldwo...
        
           | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
           | Jesus christ.
           | 
           | "In one online survey published in PLOS ONE and covered by
           | Science in 2014, 71% of 512 female respondents reported being
           | sexually harassed during fieldwork; 84% of them were
           | trainees."
           | 
           | "In the NSF report, one interviewee said she'd been told on
           | her first day at McMurdo to stay clear of a certain building
           | unless she "wanted to be raped." Another woman said she felt
           | like she was seen as "prey" no matter where she was
           | physically on the base."
           | 
           | "Another was so "freaked out" by the pervasive sexual
           | harassment that she began carrying around a hammer."
           | 
           | "Another survivor of sexual harassment said she didn't report
           | the incident for fear her employer would fire her; when she
           | could no longer cope, she quit."
           | 
           | This fucking David Marchant guy was a fucking terror. Holy
           | shit. (https://www.science.org/content/article/disturbing-
           | allegatio...)
           | 
           | "Boston University suspended prominent Antarctic geologist
           | David Marchant _with pay_. Multiple women had come forward
           | with allegations of sexual harassment against him "
           | 
           | "The first complainant, Jane Willenbring, now an associate
           | professor at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, part of
           | the University of California, San Diego, alleges that
           | Marchant repeatedly shoved her down a steep slope, pelted her
           | with rocks while she was urinating in the field, called her a
           | "slut" and a "whore," and urged her to have sex with his
           | brother, who was also on the trip."
           | 
           | "According to Willenbring, Marchant told her repeatedly that
           | his brother had a "porn-sized" penis, and said she should
           | have sex with him and feel lucky for the opportunity." "One
           | week, Willenbring alleges, David Marchant "decided that he
           | would throw rocks at me every time I urinated in the field."
           | She cut her water consumption so she could last the 12-hour
           | days far from camp without urinating, then drank liters at
           | night. She says she developed a urinary tract infection and
           | urinary incontinence, which has since recurred. When blood
           | appeared in her urine, she alleges, Marchant prohibited her
           | from going back to McMurdo for treatment."
           | 
           | "The second complainant, Deborah Doe (a pseudonym), who was
           | in Antarctica for two austral summers during this era,
           | reports that Marchant called her a "c--t" and a "bitch"
           | repeatedly. She alleges that he promised to block her access
           | to research funding should she earn a Ph.D. She abandoned her
           | career dreams and left academe."
           | 
           | "A third woman, Hillary Tulley, a Skokie, Illinois, high
           | school teacher, describes her experience in a supporting
           | letter filed with BU investigators. "His taunts, degrading
           | comments about my body, brain, and general inadequacies never
           | ended," she writes. She claims Marchant tried to exhaust her
           | into leaving Antarctica. "Every day was terrifying," she says
           | in an interview with Science."
        
             | gammarator wrote:
             | The documentary "Picture a Scientist"
             | https://www.pictureascientist.com/ describes some of this--
             | it's gutting to watch.
        
             | seanw444 wrote:
             | How do you become that evil?
        
           | goldenchrome wrote:
           | Totally unsurprising. "Sexual harassment" is a social
           | construct and the definition of such changes as our society
           | progresses or regresses. What was normal in the 70s is
           | considered vile today. We have not evolved as a species. We
           | have just created enough abundance that we can afford to
           | protect women to a higher degree. 100,000 years ago I'm sure
           | humans didn't have a concept of sexual harassment. "If you
           | don't want to get raped, don't go with strange men." would be
           | the norm.
           | 
           | We forget that we are animals and animals don't have a
           | culture of shaming sexual harassment by default. We enforce
           | the rules in our society because we can afford to. In the
           | Antarctic winter where resources are incredibly scarce and
           | the people are trapped for months a time, their local society
           | can't afford to have such strict standards. The animal within
           | each of us comes out in Antarctica more than anywhere else.
           | This is of course part of what makes living there so exciting
           | on an elemental level.
           | 
           | If any of this surprises you then you've forgotten that we
           | are animals and our current society only exists through
           | abundance.
           | 
           | You too would be prone to "sexually harassing" women in those
           | conditions. And after a while you wouldn't even see anything
           | wrong with it. Because in those conditions it's not wrong,
           | it's adaptive.
        
             | pavlov wrote:
             | _> "The animal within each of us comes out in Antarctica
             | more than anywhere else. This is of course part of what
             | makes living there so exciting on an elemental level."_
             | 
             | It's supposed to be a science station, not some kind of
             | wild survival game. I don't think any of the women
             | scientists signed up for "excitement on an elemental
             | level."
        
               | goldenchrome wrote:
               | That's a fine goal but it doesn't take away from the fact
               | that Antarctica is a hostile environment which makes it
               | hard to establish civilization.
               | 
               | I'm describing reality, not my own personal wishes.
        
               | clarkema wrote:
               | We don't "establish" civilization. We take it with us.
        
             | clarkema wrote:
             | We enforce rules in our society because they make that
             | society better. Basic shared rules of behaviour are a
             | precondition for social cohesion and prosperity, _not_ a
             | luxury that we can only afford when everything else has
             | been taken care of. This goes 10x in small groups in
             | rigorous environments.
             | 
             | I wouldn't call resources in the Antarctic winter
             | "incredibly scarce"; expeditions have been wintering South
             | for decades now. We know what's required, and it's
             | available, in quantity, with backups. It's true that people
             | are trapped together for months at a time; we also rely on
             | each other for survival. Under such circumstances, it's
             | entirely backwards to claim "local society can't afford to
             | have such strict standards." Just the opposite; strict
             | standards of social behaviour are _required_ for the group
             | cohesion and trust that's necessary for collaboration and
             | survival.
             | 
             | A candidate who demonstrated this attitude would never get
             | through BAS' hiring process. If, by some mischance, they
             | did manage to make it South, they certainly wouldn't be
             | overwintering.
             | 
             | Source: Wintered in Antarctica. Did not regress to the
             | state of a caveman clad in penguin skins, nor did I become
             | "prone to sexually harassing women."
        
               | goldenchrome wrote:
               | Yes, you have a personal anecdote but the data suggests
               | that people do indeed become prone to sexually harassing
               | women.
        
               | clarkema wrote:
               | I certainly won't claim that no harassment ever takes
               | place; every wintering team is different, and I have no
               | doubt that plenty of women _do_ experience some form of
               | harassment or unwanted attention. When you live in a
               | small, close-knit community with (generally) a large
               | gender imbalance, there will be tensions.
               | 
               | What I object to is the unsubstantiated claim that
               | Antarctica "brings out the animal in each of us"; that
               | the environment is one of such privation that all those
               | who venture there necessarily regress to some more basic
               | form and that standards of civilized behaviour become
               | something we can't afford, sacrificed on the altar of
               | survival.
               | 
               | This is patently false, and frankly a very limited and
               | limiting view of the human condition.
               | 
               | What you like to dismiss as a "personal anecdote" I'd
               | prefer to call "multiple seasons of lived experience in
               | the environment under discussion."
               | 
               | While I can't speak for the hiring procedures of other
               | nations, the majority of the interview process for the
               | British Antarctic Survey centres around the interpersonal
               | side. If you're sitting in the interview in the first
               | place you're assumed to be technically competent; once
               | that bar is passed they select primarily for people who
               | will survive the isolation and be able to work as
               | independent members of a small society. Are the results
               | perfect? Of course not -- failures happen and bad winters
               | happen. But they are well aware of how important social
               | dynamics are to the overall success of the winter.
        
             | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
             | Just to recap your argument:
             | 
             | > We enforce the rules in our society because we can afford
             | to. In the Antarctic winter where resources are incredibly
             | scarce and the people are trapped for months a time, their
             | local society can't afford to have such strict standards.
             | The animal within each of us comes out in Antarctica more
             | than anywhere else. This is of course part of what makes
             | living there so exciting on an elemental level.
             | 
             | And your point brought home:
             | 
             | > Because in those conditions it's not wrong, it's
             | adaptive.
             | 
             | You have to be a pretty ignorant person to think "I don't
             | have many resources, so sexual harassment and violence is
             | not only normal, it's a good idea".
             | 
             | Other human societies around the world live in conditions
             | close to those at McMurdo, and they do not have this
             | problem. But amazingly, McMurdo is better equipped with
             | more supplies, with the same seasonal inaccessibility as
             | those other societies. So your argument is factually
             | incorrect. Limited resources and an extreme environment
             | does not implicitly result in a culture of sexual
             | harassment and violence.
             | 
             | Nor it is "adaptive" in any advantageous way. It is much
             | more likely a result of psychological breakdown, combined
             | with a lack of social consequence, and a position of power
             | over trainees who do not anticipate this treatment.
             | Basically, psychos who can't deal with stress and take it
             | out on the most vulnerable to make themselves feel better.
             | In no way does this reflect human society, nor normal human
             | behavior, as even in hunter-gatherer societies, people work
             | together and prevent abuse.
             | 
             | You also have to be pretty morally bankrupt to suggest that
             | this condition of abusing other humans for fun is totally
             | fine. I don't think you would hold this position if you
             | were the one receiving the treatment.
        
           | lordswork wrote:
           | From the 274 page NSF report on sexual harassment/assault in
           | the Antarctic[1]:
           | 
           | >"a very young woman, [who] had never been on the ice before.
           | Somehow, she slipped away from us and went out to the bar . .
           | . and I was like 'Oh my god, did we forget to tell her she
           | was prey?'" One survey respondent wrote, "I was told [of]
           | certain guys, by name, to stay clear of and there were
           | several guys who harassed me. Hell, my very first day at
           | McMurdo I was told to stay clear of Building [X] unless I
           | wanted to be raped."
           | 
           | Wow, I had no idea it was this bad. Being stationed at one of
           | these sites is a life-long dream come true for many of these
           | scientists. It must be terrible for the women who learn of
           | this situation when they get out there.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/documents/USAP%20SAHPR%20Repo
           | rt....
        
           | Neil44 wrote:
           | That's a shame. It sounds like a workplace from the 70's, or
           | worse.
        
       | ilamont wrote:
       | The prospect of a medical emergency would be terrible. I think
       | there was an unplanned cancer surgery at this base many years
       | back, but there are so many other things that can go wrong with
       | no ER or quick evacuation to turn to. Even a dental emergency
       | would be a disaster.
       | 
       | ETA: The cancer emergency was in 1998 required a special air drop
       | but they had to wait until October to fly out the patient.
       | https://antarcticsun.usap.gov/features/1812/
        
       | ryanisnan wrote:
       | Is it possible to land a plane there mid-winter, if absolutely
       | necessary? Obviously fraught with difficulty, and dangerous,
       | but... is it possible?
        
         | eastbound wrote:
         | A man committed self-surgery on his appendicitis (in the
         | 1950ies, granted), so it seems a single man's life is not
         | enough to warrant a full flight in winter. What would warrant
         | it? Escaping the apocalypse of the modern world, maybe?
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | Yes. I can't find the outcome of this attempt a while back, but
         | it was obviously tried.
         | 
         | https://nationalpost.com/news/world/pitch-black-frigid-cold-...
        
           | kryptiskt wrote:
           | It went well: https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-
           | way/2016/06/22/483121098...
        
       | Reason077 wrote:
       | > _" Slow and intermittent Internet access."_
       | 
       | Hmm, how long until Starlink (or similar) reaches the South Pole?
        
         | rtkwe wrote:
         | Starlink isn't sending many satellites into the polar orbits
         | because there are basically no customer there to make the extra
         | cost worth it. To make the whole network cover the poles you'd
         | need even more satellites to cover the tiny fraction of
         | additional customer it would bring.
         | 
         | Also until recently there wasn't a way to downlink from polar
         | sats even if they were lofted. Most Starlink data is
         | immediately downlinked instead of being sent to neighboring
         | satellites so you need a downlink relatively close to the
         | customer which isn't possible on the poles.
         | 
         | Now with the intra=constellation lasers online, though I think
         | they're still around 50% of satellites only, it could in theory
         | be done but the required extra birds makes it really tough
         | economically.
        
         | mlindner wrote:
         | The only Starlink satellites that can hope to reach the north
         | pole are the satellites that reach 82.4 degrees north/south
         | (orbits at inclination of 97.6 degrees) and there's currently
         | only 187 of those operating so very few will be in view at any
         | one time and the Starlink dish needs to pick an orientation so
         | you will only see some of them at any given time (FOV is only
         | part of the direction it's facing, missing at least the other
         | half of the satellites, if not at least 2/3 of the satellites
         | in view).
         | 
         | Whether that makes service impossible, I'm not sure. US
         | government may work with SpaceX to make a customized 360 degree
         | antenna that can reach them. Or they may mount it on a tower. I
         | think a customized antenna would be needed anyway to survive
         | the temperatures there. Starlink is technically only rated down
         | to -30C though people do use it below that temperature and it
         | seems to work. I doubt it'd work at those -60C temps however.
        
         | ericpauley wrote:
         | https://www.space.com/spacex-starlink-internet-service-antar...
         | 
         | Edit: as someone pointed out this is McMurdo.
        
           | augusto-moura wrote:
           | That's McMurdo, not the South Pole, a orbit a lot easier to
           | achieve.
           | 
           | I thought that Starlink satellites wouldn't orbit that far on
           | the poles, but looking on trackers [1] it does look like
           | there a few stragglers up there (or down there in this case,
           | he). Maybe there are some special talks with the military and
           | other countries on getting some good internet. I don't
           | believe polar orbits would be commercially viable otherwise
           | 
           | [1]: https://satellitemap.space/?norad=48119
        
             | kortilla wrote:
             | McMurdo is served by the polar orbits. They cover the South
             | Pole just as well.
        
         | kortilla wrote:
         | https://techcrunch.com/2022/09/14/spacex-satellite-internet-...
         | 
         | There are polar orbits that make that possible since McMurdo is
         | out of view of the standard starlink orbits. It should work at
         | the South Pole just as well.
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | Once inter-satellite links are operational, presumably. Looking
         | at [1], there are already some polar orbit satellites, but
         | without these links, that doesn't help Antarctica much. (I'm
         | also not sure if the polar satellites are operational for
         | regular traffic yet.)
         | 
         | [1] https://satellitemap.space/
        
           | orlp wrote:
           | Can someone explain to me how you can have geostationary
           | orbit around the poles?
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Can someone explain to me how you can have geostationary
             | orbit around the poles?_
             | 
             | You can't. For high latitudes you use highly-elliptical
             | orbits, like tundra or Molniya.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | Or you can use polar orbits, which is what Iridium does!
               | I believe that's what the antarctic stations are
               | currently using.
        
             | bearbin wrote:
             | You can't. Starlink satellites are in LEO, not
             | geostationary orbit.
        
           | _joel wrote:
           | The laser links are active, have been for a few months now
        
       | insane_dreamer wrote:
       | fascinating blog. just read the one article so far, but sure to
       | read the rest. what a great experience!
        
       | henryackerman wrote:
       | I just love the domain name!
        
       | tiagod wrote:
       | This guy is living my dream! Unlikely I'll have have the chance
       | to work in inland Antarctica as I'm not from a country that sends
       | people over there for tech stuff, but I still hope someday I'll
       | have the chance :)
        
         | grecy wrote:
         | If you really want to go, be a dishwasher or cook or something
         | similar.
         | 
         | I've had 4 friends do exactly that. The work was crap, but the
         | experience was well, well worth it.
        
           | almostkorean wrote:
           | My grandpa did the same thing when he was 72 years old.
           | Applied for food services, worked in the cafeteria but did
           | extra stuff like DJ a radio show, drove a shuttle, and gave
           | tours. A couple weeks into his stay, my grandpa ended up
           | being the "most qualified" person at the station to take over
           | the greenhouse (he had an agriculture degree which he hadn't
           | used in 48 years) but ended up doing a good job. He travelled
           | a lot but Antarctica was his favorite adventure.
        
           | xNeil wrote:
           | How do you apply though? I'd assume vacancies would be
           | extremely rare - quite interesting you've had four friends do
           | it.
        
             | grecy wrote:
             | Vacancies are extremely common, they have regular old job
             | fairs
             | 
             | Just apply with whatever country applies to you
             | 
             | https://www.google.com/search?q=work+in+antarctica
             | 
             | US: https://www.usap.gov/jobsandopportunities/
             | 
             | Australian: https://jobs.antarctica.gov.au/jobs-in-
             | antarctica/
        
       | TrackerFF wrote:
       | A couple of my ex-colleagues worked on the Troll station. The
       | Norwegian Polar Institute usually publish the vacancies a year
       | ahead, as there is a lot of prep to get to right people.
       | 
       | Anyway, both of 'em worked as IT/communication engineers some 10
       | years apart, but told me that the first movie they watched
       | together (with rest of the crew) was John Carpenter's The Thing.
        
       | jedberg wrote:
       | Why do they make the buildings black and white? Both of those
       | blend in with the snow at night (which is 1/2 the year).
       | 
       | Why not make them day glow yellow or something, so they are
       | always visible?
        
         | Maxion wrote:
         | Black to save on heating?
         | 
         | During a polar night it gets so dark that once you're out of
         | flashlight range it doesn't matter.
         | 
         | The issue is the wind blown snow reducing visibility.
        
           | jedberg wrote:
           | > During a polar night it gets so dark that once you're out
           | of flashlight range it doesn't matter.
           | 
           | During the polar night the moon is up 1/2 the time, and it's
           | from 1/2 full to full to 1/2 full, so there is still a source
           | of light at least 1/2 the time.
           | 
           | Making them black to save on heating is a good point though.
           | Same with wind blown snow being the main issue with
           | visibility.
        
       | ietktnz wrote:
       | International rewatch "The Thing" day
        
         | clarkema wrote:
         | Too early for that! "The Thing" is traditionally midwinter
         | viewing.
        
           | andruby wrote:
           | Aren't the northern-hemispherians close enough to midwinter?
        
         | bentcorner wrote:
         | Now I wonder if they watch other Antarctic media. I'd recommend
         | "A Place Further than the Universe" but I have no idea if it's
         | something they'd want to watch.
        
       | teepo wrote:
       | I feel like my Emacs setup would be perfect after the winter
       | isolation. :) - Has anyone studied the Antarctic winter with
       | respect to deep focus and personal productivity?
        
         | dpflan wrote:
         | Heh, As in the more extreme the cold, the deeper focus? Perhaps
         | ignoring the ever-looming dread of facility malfunction and
         | death by freezing... Perhaps other cold environments are better
         | suited?
        
         | alex_sf wrote:
         | Somewhat related, I've seen mentions here and there of people
         | using cruise ships for the same thing. Minimal distractions
         | from the outside world (via the internet anyway), and most
         | personal concerns out of the way (food, laundry, etc).
        
         | Aperocky wrote:
         | Don't think it'd be about deep focus, but definitely spiritual.
        
         | k8sToGo wrote:
         | Interesting. To me it sounds quite the opposite. Lonely,
         | depressing, and boring.
        
       | dcchambers wrote:
       | This is a great blog, thanks for sharing. Definitely looking
       | forward to following along during the winter.
       | 
       | I wonder what kinds of science are done at the South Pole.
        
       | _joel wrote:
       | Blows me away everytime I see these bases and the amount of
       | 'stuff' they have there considering it's literally in the middle
       | of nowhere.
        
       | rdevsrex wrote:
       | Very cool!
        
       | dpflan wrote:
       | If you're interested in the people and personalities and
       | activities at the South Pole, the Werner Herzog film _Encounters
       | at the End of the World_ is a revealing and interesting
       | documentary. It includes a fascinating part about a deluded
       | penguin choosing to leave its flock and begin a fatal journey
       | towards the center of the island...
       | 
       | - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encounters_at_the_End_of_the_W...
       | 
       | - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1093824/
        
         | 4gotunameagain wrote:
         | The famous scene[0] from this film is a masterpiece. It never
         | fails to sink me to my nadir, so I avoid watching it even if I
         | love it so much.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnTU_hJoByA
        
           | BolexNOLA wrote:
           | Herzog laying it on thick with the music as per usual lol but
           | that is a beautiful, haunting sequence nonetheless. I like to
           | rag on Herzog but he really is a unique mind and an
           | incredible documentarian.
        
           | julienchastang wrote:
           | Thanks. I remember that scene well. Herzog at his finest. I
           | had the privilege of seeing Herzog speak in person at a
           | conference around the time when this movie was released.
        
           | boredemployee wrote:
           | Amazing, thanks for sharing.
        
           | dpflan wrote:
           | Understandable. It struck a deep chord with me, became a
           | larger metaphor applicable to all life.
        
           | sph wrote:
           | Beautiful, thanks for sharing.
           | 
           | That penguin walked to his certain death, while his mates
           | swam and caught fish, to their certain death. Sadness for it
           | and his supposed insanity only exists for a fleeting moment.
           | In a long enough timespan, it lived and died like any other
           | penguin has or ever will.
           | 
           | Nihilism is not necessarily pessimistic. It presents our
           | universe, and life itself, as a glass half full, but it's up
           | to you to decide if that's a good thing or a bad thing.
           | 
           | Thanks for this evening philosophical reflection.
        
             | 2-718-281-828 wrote:
             | at least for most of us it is not pessimistic only as long
             | as one can muse about it while sitting comfortably in a
             | warm place with a full stomach.
        
               | sph wrote:
               | You are mistaken. Being at peace with the universe isn't
               | only available to wealthy people. This is a very
               | materialistic view.
               | 
               | There is someone out there in abject poverty that is more
               | content than anyone with a warm place and a full stomach.
               | They are hungry, they are cold, yet they are at peace.
               | 
               | Likewise, I believe one can reach inner contentment even
               | if fed and clothed. It is not a path accessible only to
               | the poor.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | Food and shelter isn't materialistic. The lack of them
               | have have severe psychological and physiological
               | consequences.
        
             | zeagle wrote:
             | I speculate, but I imagine that that type of behavior by a
             | group of individuals on a long timescale where most but not
             | fail is one important mechanism of how remote Polynesian
             | islands, ice age American via Beringia, and other areas of
             | the world get populated.
        
               | jxramos wrote:
               | That's what I was thinking---the occasional outlier's
               | success in pioneering out into the new.
        
             | throw0101c wrote:
             | > _Nihilism is not necessarily pessimistic. It presents our
             | universe, and life itself, as a glass half full, but it 's
             | up to you to decide if that's a good thing or a bad thing._
             | 
             | The _nihil_ is nihilism is Latin for  "nothing".
             | 
             | Nihilism says there is no meaning to existence: it does not
             | matter if the glass if half-full, it does not matter if the
             | glass is half-empty, it does not matter if the glass (or
             | its contents) exist at all. It does not matter if you
             | decide if life/universe/everything is good, or if you
             | decide it is bad. It does not matter what, or even if, you
             | decide something at all.
        
           | 2-718-281-828 wrote:
           | The top rated comment is spot on:
           | 
           | > Werner Herzog tells a joke:
           | 
           | > "Why did the penguin cross the road?"
           | 
           | > "To die. Alone. Insane and unnoticed."
        
           | throw0101c wrote:
           | > _It never fails to sink me to my nadir, so I avoid watching
           | it even if I love it so much._
           | 
           | Of course the sound track to that scene is a Russian Orthodox
           | religious chant:
           | 
           | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LVHl3HTBoA
        
         | foobarbecue wrote:
         | FYI, many people who spent time at McMurdo around the filming
         | of Encounters are not big fans. The interviews were
         | intentionally set up to make people look weird. The narration
         | implies there's something wrong with "polar people." You might
         | find us dissapointingly normal.
         | 
         | A Year On Ice is a more accurate representation.
         | 
         | I'm in Frozen Planet, but you can't believe all the narration
         | in that either.
        
           | dpflan wrote:
           | I can see that, with only a few hours of footage to portray
           | the situation they want. Is there not something interesting
           | or an underlying personality trait that makes the voluntary
           | inhabitants of the frozen world different from the average
           | person? How much time have you spent there?
        
             | foobarbecue wrote:
             | I suppose we're a little more adventurous on average than a
             | random sample of Americans? Big spread there, though.
             | Everyone's different.
        
             | foobarbecue wrote:
             | 7 summer seasons, about 2 months each. Most of that was in
             | a tent up on Erebus, but about a week transitioning through
             | McMurdo at the beginning and end of each season.
        
               | dpflan wrote:
               | Interesting, doing field research?
        
               | foobarbecue wrote:
               | Yeah, here's a taste:
               | https://aaroncurt.is/frozenplanet.html
        
               | hcrisp wrote:
               | I remember watching this. Turns out BBC Natural History
               | documentaries are more theater than just documentaries.
               | If you watch the "making of" clips at the end of some of
               | the series, you do get the sense that they may not be
               | just captured natural footage as much as highly-scripted
               | activities with the actions of the cameramen, crew, etc.
               | edited out. Still fun to watch, but isn't being
               | manipulated as a viewer disingenuous for a studio that
               | calls itself "Natural" History? Maybe a better name would
               | be BBC Studios Artificial History Unit.
        
               | morsch wrote:
               | At this point I can't really enjoy documentaries like
               | that anymore. I keep thinking "they brought a steadicam
               | down there?" or "where is all that light coming from?"
               | The fourth wall is thoroughly broken.
               | 
               | Thanks, I'd rather watch a poorly lit Youtube video with
               | a guy talking to his Gopro. I wonder what the equivalent
               | of that would be for animal documentaries.
        
               | foobarbecue wrote:
               | The sentiment resonates, but on the other hand I took a
               | lot of video in those caves and it's all unwatchable, so
               | I have enormous appreciation for what the BBC did. It's
               | an incredibly hard environment to film in and I was
               | absolutely amazed by the final product. Gavin Thurston
               | rigged up cables from ice screws in the cave walls and
               | set up a travelling robot camera thing he designed on it.
               | There was a huge amount of equipment and hard work; for
               | example for the crater shots I helped them carry up an
               | enormous crane system to the crater rim which didn't even
               | produce any useful footage. Also, the BBC guys were so
               | charismatic that they could talk their way around rules
               | and into places. For example, the helicopter pilots
               | flying in the crater did things that aren't normally
               | allowed. So in a way it's fake, but actually when it
               | comes to the cave visuals, their work captures the
               | feeling of being there, which otherwise I would never
               | really be able to share with anyone. It really is an
               | unbelivably spectacular place and almost impossible to
               | film.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | I like the old Jacques Cousteau films where there's no
               | fourth wall to break, the people making it are also a
               | subject.
               | 
               | I don't like the nature documentary that tries really
               | hard to pretend the makers don't exist. I especially
               | don't like how almost all of the sound is faked.
               | 
               | Go ahead, bring a steadycam and a key light, just don't
               | stage shit like a fake reality show. Id like to see
               | what's actually out there. Also maybe don't take every
               | opportunity to say how everything you're filming is
               | doomed.
               | 
               | https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6J1OzLHamQ8TdX5j2w3L2
               | 53m...
        
               | dpflan wrote:
               | (Heh, a taste of fooBBQ.) Thank you for sharing. While
               | we're here and discussing the documentaries: care to
               | share a highlight anecdote of your time there?
        
               | foobarbecue wrote:
               | Oh man, so many stories. Well, here's a fun one. There's
               | unfortunately a big divide between the contractor-
               | employed support staff and the "beakers" (scientists like
               | me) and I would try and break through the barrier
               | sometimes. Had a brief romance with someone working in
               | waste management (a "wastie"), so maybe that's how it
               | started. But anyway, one day I was sitting in the McMurdo
               | cafeteria at a table with people from Fuels ("fuelies")
               | and people from Communications ("commies" ... yeah)
               | someone asked me what I do and I said "I work up on
               | Erebus." A fuelie looks daggers at me and goes "Oh yeah!?
               | Well I work on the FUCKING MOON!" and storms off.
               | 
               | There were a lot of people at McMurdo for whom Antarctica
               | wasn't quite the adventure they'd hoped it would be.
        
               | credit_guy wrote:
               | That short clip is absolutely breathtaking. Thank you for
               | sharing.
        
           | navi0 wrote:
           | Just curious, what's the male:female ratio of the typical
           | winter crew?
        
       | davidw wrote:
       | Curious what that drive from McMurdo is like. Do they have a
       | regular ice road? Or do they just follow directions "Uh, keep
       | going south. Can't miss it"
        
       | qikInNdOutReply wrote:
       | Closest you get to the "another" world experience on this planet.
       | That and mount everest.
        
         | reidjs wrote:
         | Except that Mount Everest is full of people supposedly.
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | Mount Everest is full of trash and bodies too iirc. There's a
           | couple spots where you pass bodies on the way up that no one
           | will recover.
        
             | zikduruqe wrote:
             | And those bodies are waypoints. For example "green boots".
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Boots
        
           | throwboatyface wrote:
           | Certainly full of bodies.
        
             | qikInNdOutReply wrote:
             | Somebody has to be the step of the stair to success on the
             | motivational calendar.
        
             | DoctorDabadedoo wrote:
             | And trash.
        
         | mLuby wrote:
         | And Iceland's rocky beauty. And deserts.
        
       | macabe wrote:
       | This is a great read. Not sure if it is answered in another post,
       | but what is the story behind your decision to leave San Francisco
       | for the South Pole?
        
       | rodolphoarruda wrote:
       | The "About" page shows an interesting fact. This guy applied to
       | the work position in Antarctica back in 2017 and it took almost
       | 2k days for the hiring team to get back to him for the next steps
       | of the hiring process. Quite a long wait, but I guess it was
       | worth it. A "one in a billion" lifetime opportunity.
        
         | hgsgm wrote:
         | It's ~5000 people per year, 1 in a million humans per year (and
         | of course most humans aren't interested in going)
        
       | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
       | As someone who has lived rather isolated for long stretches, I
       | think the one thing that helps fight feeling isolated is to find
       | your joy and practice it. My joy is in creative outlets. When I'm
       | alone, I sing, woodwork, cook new recipes, garden [indoors or
       | out], sew. If I had a large indoor space I'd probably practice
       | slacklining, aerial arts, tumbling, parkour, climbing. And then
       | there's the computer, where I can create music and endless
       | programs, websites. I haven't even touched on painting, drawing,
       | playing music. And all that can be supplemented by podcasts,
       | music, movies/TV, reading, chores, working out. There's really
       | _so much_ to do indoors if you can cultivate a creative mindset.
        
         | Aeolun wrote:
         | Or, instead of all that. You can spend your entire summer at
         | the south pole playing a _single_ game of Factorio.
        
           | 2-718-281-828 wrote:
           | the joke's lost on me? I know the game (never played it,
           | though) but why "a single game"?
        
             | tomalpha wrote:
             | A single game of Factorio can take a long time. Mine
             | usually take around 100 hours.
             | 
             | The craving to (tweak|move|refactor|grow) the base for
             | certain personality types that are richly represented on HN
             | can mean you can spend hundreds more on it too.
        
             | recursiveturtle wrote:
             | The...base...must...grow...
        
       | AceJohnny2 wrote:
       | These stories about the logistics at Amundsen-Scott are a
       | fascinating glimpse at the level of logistical complexity that'd
       | be required for an off-planet (Moon, Mars...) base.
       | 
       | Every time I see people get excited about Martian human
       | habitation, I note a lack of discussion of the essential
       | intermediate step: a fully self-sustaining base in the most
       | inhospitable parts of Earth.
       | 
       | Where are the Biosphere++ projects?
       | 
       | And Amundsen-Scott has it easy: pressure, oxygen levels, and dust
       | aren't a problem! (granted: Martian equator has easier
       | temperatures).
       | 
       | Also, I've long wondered what is the comparable level of yearly
       | insolation (for viability of solar power) in the South Pole
       | compares to Mars' equator?
        
         | ReptileMan wrote:
         | The first people on mars will be self replicating robots. Due
         | to the way the exponential function works - I think enough
         | terraforming could be done really fast.
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | But will humans be welcome afterwards?
        
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