[HN Gopher] Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Spread Through Emplo...
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       Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Spread Through Employee Mobility
       (2022)
        
       Author : Luc
       Score  : 101 points
       Date   : 2023-03-05 18:13 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (journals.sagepub.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (journals.sagepub.com)
        
       | thenerdhead wrote:
       | Is there a simplified term for this similar to Conway's Law?
       | 
       | Wouldn't the mental health reflect the organization and its
       | communication style?
        
       | kj4211cash wrote:
       | This is why it's important to shame Amazon and other workplaces
       | with ludicrous cultures that damage their tech employees mental
       | health.
        
         | closeparen wrote:
         | Ex-Amazons are valued in Silicon Valley explicitly for the hard
         | edge that being socialized there is supposed to have imparted.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | throwaway8689 wrote:
       | Need to do this study across a couple of economic cycles because
       | the last few years have been atypical for both stress and hiring
       | patterns.
       | 
       | It reads like Denmark has linked employment and health data so I
       | guess they can do so for as far back as the records go.
        
         | itronitron wrote:
         | Yeah, I wonder if the study is GDPR compliant.
        
       | itronitron wrote:
       | >> unhealthy organizations (those with a high prevalence of
       | mental disorders)
       | 
       | Holy fuck, what an irresponsible thing to research and publish.
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | Sounds like one of the best things to research and publish in
         | order to help people. And, oh my god, this comment sounds like
         | "just let sleeping dogs lie"...
        
           | dschuetz wrote:
           | Usually this goes like "don't hire the _spreaders_ , and get
           | rid of those who are already employed". It is _very_
           | difficult and costly to actually help people, compared to
           | make it not your problem - that 's capitalism for ya.
           | 
           | That study reeks of corporate consulting and management. And
           | it's out there now, research is going on about this.
        
       | ebiester wrote:
       | I absolutely have noticed. In interviews, people coming from
       | difficult and stressful positions absolutely radiate this in
       | their interviews! I know that I will feel emotionally drained
       | after an interview with such people. Further, I have explicitly
       | worked to de-condition survival behaviors in negative
       | organizations with new employees multiple times, and it wouldn't
       | surprise me that these sorts of behaviors could be "contagious"
       | in other organizations.
        
         | azornathogron wrote:
         | This sounds interesting! If you have time, could you share an
         | example or two? What survival behaviours are you talking about,
         | and what kinds of things do you do to decondition these
         | behaviours?
        
           | serpix wrote:
           | my personal experience as a consultant has been outright fear
           | of touching the production servers. Fear as in actual fear
           | response such as nervousness, agitation, facial expressions.
           | 
           | Other examples would be fear of altering any deeper parts of
           | the system due to fear of punishment or war room style
           | crisis.
        
             | candiddevmike wrote:
             | What's wrong with having a healthy fear of touching
             | production servers? Fear of production is a sign that
             | person has been through some shit and is probably more
             | careful, in my experience.
             | 
             | Touching production is a lot like being an electrician
             | working on a live circuit.
        
               | throwaway5959 wrote:
               | Sounds like the problem is that it wasn't a healthy fear.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | shoo wrote:
           | I don't have HR or management experience, but I can
           | speculate:
           | 
           | - an employee avoids sharing key technical information with
           | colleagues, either verbally or writing anything down, and
           | becomes a bottleneck for all changes relating to some system
           | or component. this could be adapted to maximise tenure at a
           | previous org that had decided to outsource/"offshore"
           | technical roles, where sharing key knowledge would result in
           | you being promptly laid off
           | 
           | - an employee demonstrates an extreme reluctance to estimate
           | when any task they are involved with might be done. this
           | could be adapted to survive in environments where estimates
           | from individuals are interpreted politically as commitments
           | to deadlines for unconditional delivery of work, and used to
           | pressure workers to extract free labor (unpaid overtime)
           | 
           | - an employee never communicates bad news about schedule
           | delays, plans not being feasible, designs having serious
           | flaws, etc. this could be adapted to prior environments where
           | voicing bad news triggers retribution, and only good news
           | flows up the org chart
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | vishal0123 wrote:
           | I am not the OP, but observed exactly similar behaviour with
           | a senior hire from Amazon:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25213817. Also the
           | people who joined from Amazon in our organisation keep
           | playing blame games, and this clearly spreads to other teams
           | as well as you have to blame someone back if they blamed you
           | for what you think are wrong reasons.
        
           | cntainer wrote:
           | Not OP but this definitely rings a bell with me.
           | 
           | I started my career in a software agency, maybe I was
           | unlucky, but in this particular agency I overheard the more
           | senior employees staying after-hours and making fun of the
           | the junior employees (in their absence) and the quality of
           | the code they had wrote. There was no actual code review
           | process but this memory had made me very defensive in regards
           | to my code. I was always trying to push the perfect code in
           | one shot, which led me to overthink solution, and if for
           | whatever reason I had to push a rushed change I felt guilty
           | and tried to find excuses preemptively.
           | 
           | At one time I had to onboard the client's new dev team to a
           | project that I had built alone for about one year. The
           | product had become successful so the client wanted to invest
           | in rebuilding it on better foundations to prepare for
           | accelerating its growth.
           | 
           | Working alone on the code for a year had subdued my fears of
           | public shaming but, once I started going through it with a
           | team of seniors looking over my shoulder, my anxiety went
           | through the roof. For every new file I was opening I started
           | my explanation with an apology about the quality of the code
           | and tried to explain why I didn't have the time during
           | implementation to write that code properly.
           | 
           | After the 2nd or 3rd explanation one of the new guys stopped
           | me and said something like: "You don't have to explain
           | yourself to us. This code is the result of the context it has
           | been written in. We are only having this conversation because
           | the product that you helped build by writing that code is
           | successful. Because of this success we now have the chance to
           | spend time and think about how we can improve the code".
           | 
           | I only realized later, but that was one of the most
           | liberating things anyone has ever told me. It felt like a
           | huge weight had just been lifted of my shoulders. People were
           | looking at my code and discussing it not as a reflection of
           | my quality as a person but as the output of different factors
           | and priorities at a given point in time.
           | 
           | I worked with that team long enough to feel deconditioned
           | from the previous toxic behavior.
        
       | l_theanine wrote:
       | I've been reading about microbiomes and things like that over the
       | past year, and I suspect there's a biological aspect to a lot of
       | mental health issues in workplaces. Certainly the pandemic has
       | renewed public interest in it, but I think to put it in caveman
       | terms: sick people leave sick germs where they go.
       | 
       | I haven't read this paper yet, but it looks pretty cool so far.
       | The abstract certainly makes it seem worth the read.
       | 
       | We seem to think ourselves as further removed from meatspace than
       | we really are. We're a lot more like colonies of ants, I think.
       | What attacks the ant, attacks the colony.
        
       | armatav wrote:
       | Be very careful who you waste your time working for.
       | 
       | So many companies are cesspools of mental trauma that are very
       | inviting places for the unaware, and if you're not strong of mind
       | you get to subconsciously carry their issues with you for a long
       | time after.
        
       | mistrial9 wrote:
       | fifteen years ago in California Bay Area, when experienced
       | programmers showed up a the door of pre-funded companies, and
       | especially as phones with ads became a huge revenue source, one
       | internal Human Resources message was "do not hire anyone that
       | does not have a job already." This conveniently included those
       | who had their own small business or side-gig priors, as well as
       | those that did not work well enough with teams, and those newly
       | graduated without work experience.
       | 
       | As the raw number of humans with some applicable skills increase
       | world wide, and the disconnect between pre-funded wealthy
       | environments and others increases, new invisible "flags" likely
       | can be applied.
       | 
       | Not to defend the way business is done in China, but I have heard
       | that when they assembled teams for an important new company, they
       | often did not do as the West has done and cast infinitely large
       | hiring nets with infinitely more nuanced and rare
       | characteristics, rather in China the rumor is that they just used
       | who they could find with a reasonable search, and got on with
       | it..
       | 
       | Lastly, it is ironic that the divisive, command and control
       | environments found in long-term stable business, are actually
       | very negative to creative and open-minded people who want to try
       | things.. Yet these "rules" might favor those in the stable
       | business world, bringing all the anti-communication and top-down
       | culture from there. odd times
        
         | itronitron wrote:
         | The near term financial security of people making hiring
         | decisions is dependent on the opinion of only a select few
         | people. Command and control depends on division.
        
       | t344344 wrote:
       | In my old job I had to fake depression. I lived nice bachelor
       | life, some coworkers were jealous and toxic. I lied that my gf
       | left me. I nuked my social media and started posting cats for
       | adoption...Latter got new girlfriend, 10 years older with two
       | kids...
       | 
       | Work become easier. No stress and much less unpaid overtime.
       | 
       | Workplace culture influences people a lot.
        
         | nevertoolate wrote:
         | Fake it till you make it?
        
       | Blackthorn wrote:
       | Great, as if there wasn't enough just world fallacy bs over
       | layoffs, now those people have to deal with this too.
        
       | oofta-boofta wrote:
       | >Our findings reveal that when organizations hire employees from
       | other, unhealthy organizations (those with a high prevalence of
       | mental disorders), they "implant" depression, anxiety, and
       | stress-related disorders into their workforces. Employees leaving
       | unhealthy organizations act as "carriers" of these disorders
       | regardless of whether they themselves have received a formal
       | diagnosis of a mental disorder. The effect is especially
       | pronounced if the newcomer holds a managerial position.
       | 
       | This sounds sort of like victim blaming to me. I've worked in a
       | couple of bad environments and felt outright relief when I was
       | able to go somewhere much better.
       | 
       | The answer is to do away with toxic work environments, not blame
       | the person who suffered under them.
        
         | mgraczyk wrote:
         | The point of the paper is that there's more to it than that.
        
       | neuroma wrote:
       | Reminds me of how Psychiatrists have one if the highest suicide
       | rates of all professions. Seems unusual; like an accountant who's
       | insolvent, or a mechanics who's car always breaks down.
        
       | alana314 wrote:
       | Interesting but I hope the takeaway isn't demonizing folks that
       | are depressed or anxious, or having a thought-police toxic
       | positivity style company culture.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | 77pt77 wrote:
         | Everyone with a bit of life experience can tell that that's
         | exactly what's happening here.
        
         | kayodelycaon wrote:
         | I think any company who uses this study as hiring criteria is
         | or will become one of the companies causing the problems.
        
         | maximinus_thrax wrote:
         | Lots of companies are already doing this, with or without this
         | study.
        
         | thuridas wrote:
         | Let's don't blame people but the toxic learnt behaviors.
        
       | whatshisface wrote:
       | > _Our findings reveal that when organizations hire employees
       | from other, unhealthy organizations (those with a high prevalence
       | of mental disorders), they "implant" depression, anxiety, and
       | stress-related disorders into their workforces. Employees leaving
       | unhealthy organizations act as "carriers" of these disorders
       | regardless of whether they themselves have received a formal
       | diagnosis of a mental disorder. The effect is especially
       | pronounced if the newcomer holds a managerial position._
       | 
       | The study sounds like it is trying to blame the problem on the
       | suffers (the "contagion" of their depression), but the obvious
       | explanation of this is that by hiring from organizations with
       | high stress, you're likely to be hiring perpetrators. That
       | explains why it is not more likely to happen when the individual
       | being hired is diagnosed ("Employees leaving unhealthy
       | organizations act as "carriers" of these disorders regardless of
       | whether they themselves have received a formal diagnosis"), and
       | also why it is more likely to happen when they enter a position
       | of power ("The effect is especially pronounced if the newcomer
       | holds a managerial position.").
       | 
       | I am also not sure if the social contagion model has a lot of
       | evidence for it. If you apply epidemiological models to any data
       | you will get fits for epidemiological model parameters, and those
       | will have a built-in epidemiological interpretation - but without
       | prior knowledge that mental disorders are contagious (I thought
       | most were definitely not?) you would just be making blind
       | nonlinear curve fits to generic functions with many possible
       | explanations.
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | How is it blaming the victims? The initial depressed person
         | that "spreads" their depression to three other people around
         | them is as much a victim as anyone else.
        
         | xyzelement wrote:
         | // The study sounds like it is trying to blame the problem on
         | the suffers (the "contagion" of their depression), but the
         | obvious explanation of this is that by hiring from
         | organizations with high stress, you're likely to be hiring
         | perpetrators
         | 
         | Really strong disagree. In every company I've worked at (4 so
         | far) the level of mental illness I can observe among coworkers
         | is directly related to who was hired, not what we do with them.
         | 
         | As an obvious example, I worked at a hedge fund that strongly
         | filtered for resilience, ability to overcome obstacles, and
         | desire to grow through tough feedback. Almost everyone I worked
         | with there was rational, calm, and sane as a consequence.
         | 
         | At other places where mental attributes weren't considered (so
         | let's say a pure tech interview that doesn't amp up the
         | scenario) you could watch the "crazy" come out of the woodwork
         | there moment something triggered it. And I think specifically
         | you could see them feeding on each other's anxiety in the Slack
         | hangouts, blind, etc.
         | 
         | At some point, seeing 400 people have a meltdown about the
         | layoffs that happened, on daily basis for months, takes a toll
         | on you that's heaving than the impact of the layoff itself. So
         | yes I see the chorus of crazies impact everyone negatively.
        
         | PuppyTailWags wrote:
         | Yes, I'd be curious to know if they identified perpetrators vs
         | victims of toxic workplaces. Someone who is leaving Blizzard
         | because of a scandal where their assaulting other co workers
         | became public is extremely different from someone leaving
         | Blizzard because their manager assaulted them.
        
           | 77pt77 wrote:
           | > I'd be curious to know if they identified perpetrators vs
           | victims of toxic workplaces.
           | 
           | Simple.
           | 
           | The perpetrators are successful and therefore well adjusted,
           | whereas the victims are defective and have to be excluded
           | lest there be "social contagion".
           | 
           | The conclusion is its own justification.
           | 
           | Or, as it's fashionable nowadays, the "just world fallacy".
           | 
           | A tale as old as time.
        
         | closeparen wrote:
         | It also sounds like it's a bad thing. But one of the standard
         | plays for startup executives is to deliberately create an
         | influx of people and culture from Amazon, in order to inject
         | fear and grind into an organization they see as too fat and
         | happy. Not only do they believe this effect exists, they lean
         | into it.
        
         | swatcoder wrote:
         | I don't think you realize how anti-scientific an attitude
         | you're expressing here.
         | 
         | If there is "evidence for the social contagion model", this
         | kind of analysis would be a natural step in developing
         | hypotheses about where and how to look for it. And if there's
         | none to be found, those hypotheses will eventually fail to
         | hold. That's the method.
         | 
         | If you choose not to collect data or test hypotheses because
         | you think a question is "most definitely" settled, then you're
         | not practicing science.
         | 
         | You may be saving wasted effort or managing some kind of socio-
         | political dynamic, which may be more important to you, but some
         | people appreciate science specifically for its ability to upend
         | "most definite" knowledge now and then.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | Which part was anti-scientific, offering an alternate
           | hypothesis, or questioning the applicability of the
           | methodology?
        
         | golergka wrote:
         | You have an implicit assumption that people in toxic
         | organizations are split into two binary categories of
         | perpetrators and victims. In my experience, in toxic orgs
         | everybody thinks of themselves as victims, and everybody
         | perpetuates toxic behaviors to some extent.
         | 
         | Also, your comment is talking about value judgements (talk
         | about blame), whereas the quoted text doesn't have them -- it
         | is not saying who's the bad guy, it's just saying what will
         | happen, statistically speaking.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | steponlego wrote:
         | Is it unreasonable to suspect that depressed people can spread
         | their attitudes to other people? The concept of purely social
         | diseases is centuries old at this point.
        
           | girvo wrote:
           | Yes it is unreasonable, because depression is not an
           | "attitude".
        
             | wjnc wrote:
             | Same question but without the DSM-5 diagnosis? I do
             | recognize that work cultures differ and that people after a
             | few years internalize the work culture. Some firms have
             | massively worse performance on absence, sickness and
             | probably all other kinds of metrics related to well being.
             | So my prior would be one of "totally true". But keeping an
             | open mind. The same set of observations could fit other
             | explanations like that extraverts with people skills switch
             | jobs more often and that there is clustering of likewise
             | individuals on certain negative traits.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | Negitivefrags wrote:
             | Clearly it's possible for depression to be affected by
             | discussion with people around you.
             | 
             | If that were not possible, then how could therapy have an
             | effect?
        
               | johnchristopher wrote:
               | > Clearly it's possible for depression to be affected by
               | discussion with people around you.
               | 
               | > If that were not possible, then how could therapy have
               | an effect?
               | 
               | Because therapy is more than discussion.
        
               | jjcon wrote:
               | I mean it 100% is ultimately discussion no matter how
               | much one wants to shroud it in academic ivory tower BS.
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | If we reduce it to an incredibly basic form, sure, in the
               | same way that surgery is just ultimately stabbing with
               | medical ivory tower BS.
        
               | squeaky-clean wrote:
               | No, therapy usually involves lots of homework as well.
               | The talking part of it is essential to get there, but if
               | you just go to therapy to talk it won't help much.
        
               | johndunne wrote:
               | What makes you want to apply reductionism at level 100%.
               | A discussion might help.
        
               | Lalabadie wrote:
               | This is similar to saying a hiring interview is only
               | discussion, and any acknowledgment of employee skills or
               | hiring techniques is just bs managerial posturing.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | I think it does depressed people a disservice to refuse
               | to accept the possibility that depression might be
               | contagious, in order to protect them from being demeaned.
        
               | Swizec wrote:
               | Genuine question: how is therapy more than discussion?
               | Afaik therapists use nothing but words to effect their
               | treatment.
               | 
               | I am specifically referring to therapy as distinct of
               | psychiatry (which uses meds)
        
               | johndunne wrote:
               | Therapy is only as good as the therapist, and it's
               | difficult to gauge if a therapist will be any good for
               | one particular person. Getting the right therapist is
               | critical for therapy to 'work'. Same applies for meds.
               | But generally, it's about helping a person help
               | themselves.
        
               | johnchristopher wrote:
               | Look into CBT, which would usually give the patient some
               | tasks (jotting notes when the problem they seek help for
               | happens and how problematic/stressful it is on a 1-5
               | scale, what happens when they apply some breathing
               | techniques to cope with it, what happened before/after,
               | etc.). Also, phobia treatment where the therapist can
               | walk with you on a bridge to help you overcome fear of
               | height, etc.
               | 
               | More broadly though, the conversation you can have with a
               | therapist has a lot more going on than a regular
               | discussion. Without getting into the details of every
               | school I think it's fair to say that these conversations
               | are guided in subtle and not subtle ways to lead the
               | patient to introspection and self-reflection much more
               | than a drink between buddies at a bar would (which is
               | usually what people on HN tend argue when criticizing
               | talk therapies). Therapists have to assess where the
               | patient stands and feel how far the patient can be pushed
               | to change their outlook on a situation or accept it.
               | 
               | Put in another way: a debate is also more than a
               | discussion, same applies to therapy.
        
               | Swizec wrote:
               | Got it. Sounds like the distinction hinges on how one
               | defines "discussion"
               | 
               | To your point at the end: the dictionary on iOS defines
               | discussion as "a conversation or _debate_ about a certain
               | topic"
               | 
               | I can certainly agree that therapy is a guided discussion
               | :)
        
             | smohare wrote:
             | [dead]
        
             | ipaddr wrote:
             | depressed people does not mean clinical depression
        
             | joshuamcginnis wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transference
        
             | cm2012 wrote:
             | Most human behaviors are contagious to some extent -
             | depression, obesity, definitely anorexia, etc.
        
             | leonidasv wrote:
             | Sure, but it has triggers. What if those actions act as a
             | trigger for other pre-disposed people?
        
             | mantas wrote:
             | Clinical depression is not an attitude. But in vast
             | majority of cases some attitudes was the cause.
        
               | cies wrote:
               | So we should help identify and fix attitudes, instead of
               | "anti-depressing" them with medication -- sounds
               | plausible.
        
         | wnkrshm wrote:
         | Though to be fair, the authors argue that in consequence,
         | companies should actively on-board employees to reduce anxiety
         | from uncertainty and unknown expectations.
        
           | itronitron wrote:
           | Hmm, I wonder why that wasn't the headline?
        
             | thfuran wrote:
             | Because you can't fit a whole paper in a headline.
        
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       (page generated 2023-03-05 23:00 UTC)