[HN Gopher] Autonomous restructuring of asteroids into rotating ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Autonomous restructuring of asteroids into rotating space stations
        
       Author : belter
       Score  : 68 points
       Date   : 2023-03-06 17:06 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arxiv.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arxiv.org)
        
       | jjk166 wrote:
       | Everything important seems to be handwaved away.
       | 
       | You can't just say making a "truss building unit" would take a
       | spider 10550 hours of labor, or that spiders operating TBUs will
       | produce truss 416 times faster - show me the design for this
       | spring powered truss builder that takes precisely 3 hours and 3
       | minutes to produce a unit of truss; show me the spider that
       | builds it, show me the steps along the process of the spider
       | assembling the unit, show me where these numbers are coming from.
       | It would be one thing if these were rough order of magnitude
       | estimations, but the level of precision implies that not to be
       | the case.
        
       | more_corn wrote:
       | If we only had self replicating robots we could have everything
       | we want without having to go build it.
       | 
       | This is the engineering equivalent of a perpetual motion machine.
        
         | ClumsyPilot wrote:
         | its thr holy grail
         | 
         | Like Nuclear Fusion, AGI, faster-than-light travel and
         | Biological Immortality.
         | 
         | I have a feeling holy grails will stay out of reach for a
         | while.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | One of these thing is not like the others...
           | 
           | I mean, FTL is probably a pipe dream. Nuclear fusion is an
           | economic problem, AGI is on track to happen within our
           | lifetime, biological immortality is in principle possible if
           | you're not super strict about the definitions (i.e. can't
           | beat the heat death of the universe with it), and self-
           | replicating robots are quite literally what _all of biology
           | is_.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | They all represent the pinnacle of their respective branch
             | of science.
             | 
             | By biological immortality I mean your body doesn't fail, or
             | is fixable - you don't die of old age or random kidney
             | failure.
             | 
             | You still die if someone cuts off your head.
             | 
             | > self-replicating robots are quite literally what all of
             | biology is
             | 
             | By the same argument AGI is just same as human brain.
             | 
             | Many people think ChatGPT is so ompressive, that we are on
             | the cust of AGI. I am convinced otherwise - chat gpt makes
             | limitations of current AI approached very clear.
             | 
             | My best guess is that AGI will be one of the last items,
             | maybe after FTL
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | > _By biological immortality I mean your body doesn 't
               | fail, or is fixable - you don't die of old age or random
               | kidney failure. You still die if someone cuts off your
               | head._
               | 
               | That sounds entirely possible then. I'd wager the limits
               | we'd hit would be memories - it's not known if our
               | brains, in their current form, would be able to cope with
               | hundreds of years of memories.
               | 
               | >> _self-replicating robots are quite literally what all
               | of biology is_
               | 
               | > _By the same argument AGI is just same as human brain._
               | 
               | Yes, but the main difference is that biology is _merely_
               | too big for us to keep track of - it just has too many
               | moving pieces that have been, from our perspective,
               | heavily overfitted. Still, we 've reached the level where
               | we can reprogram some of the nanobots. In contrast, the
               | topic of intelligence still has a lot of big mysteries.
               | 
               | Another way of looking at it is, we already have a well-
               | mapped way of building nanotechnology: reprogramming the
               | one that is around us, and is us. Plenty of little self-
               | replicating programmable bots to pick from. But we're not
               | at similar stage with poking in brains just yet.
               | 
               | > _Many people think ChatGPT is so ompressive, that we
               | are on the cust of AGI. I am convinced otherwise - chat
               | gpt makes limitations of current AI approached very
               | clear._
               | 
               | I agree. Though to me, it also revealed limitations of
               | _human cognition_ (or rather, it was already quite
               | apparent at GPT-2 level; ChatGPT is only rubbing it in
               | everyones ' faces).
               | 
               | Have you ever felt that your own thinking, in many
               | situations, is mostly cache lookups? That your speech and
               | inner monologue (if you have one) both resemble a Markov
               | chain, and your "self" mostly just observes and censors
               | the output? I certainly did, quite a lot over the
               | decades. I know others did, many obviously rejecting it
               | as silly association. But what the recent LLMs show us is
               | that maybe, just maybe, it's not silly at all. Which
               | invites the question, if a lot of our cognition works
               | this way, then just how much more complicated are the
               | bits that don't?
               | 
               | (Another thing ChatGPT and the like are making apparent,
               | is that AI risk isn't tied to reaching AGI. I think
               | people kind of assumed it would take AGI taking off to
               | end human civilization, but at this point I believe it's
               | pretty clear that LLMs as a class of models are up to the
               | task already - all they need is to have more memory,
               | access to APIs that let them affect the real world and
               | observe the results, and being run continuously; Reddit
               | corpus already supplies the token association patterns
               | that would let them end the world if given the means...)
        
         | TeMPOraL wrote:
         | > _If we only had self replicating robots we could have
         | everything we want without having to go build it._
         | 
         | We have. Life is just nanotech, one that we didn't design, so
         | we can't control it (yet). But in context of this topic, it's a
         | sufficient proof that:
         | 
         | > _This is the engineering equivalent of a perpetual motion
         | machine_
         | 
         | is false. In fact, if you squint, self-replication and in-situ
         | resource utilization are the only ways humans ever done
         | anything substantial.
        
         | Teever wrote:
         | But self-replicating machines already exist?
         | 
         | Life is a good example of one, but the global economy is
         | another.
        
       | jagraff wrote:
       | This kind of concept is explored in the (science fiction) novel
       | Seveneves [0] by Neal Stephenson, specifically the first half.
       | Also explored: reshaping and vaporizing the ice on a comet with a
       | nuclear reactor to create an impromptu propulsion device.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seveneves
        
         | nlawalker wrote:
         | 2312 by Kim Stanley Robinson features the idea heavily (the
         | main character is a former "asteroid terrarium designer"). The
         | Expanse series has quite a bit of it too.
        
           | gooseyman wrote:
           | Came here to recommend 2312 & the Expanse as well! Any other
           | content in this genre you enjoy/would recommend? I'm looking
           | for my "next"
        
       | fnordpiglet wrote:
       | I for one welcome our new spider replicator overlords.
        
       | bdg wrote:
       | Have we solved how to make one spider?
        
       | frankreyes wrote:
       | The Expanse, scifi book and tv show, explored this concept. So
       | fun
        
       | wklauss wrote:
       | The novel 2312, by Kim Stanley Robinson, explores this idea and
       | has a fun chapter describing the process of hollowing out and
       | terraforming an asteroid, using the ejecta to give it artificial
       | gravity and a stable orbit in the solar system. Highly
       | recommended.
        
       | adamwong246 wrote:
       | Cool but why send people to space? Keeping humans alive in space
       | makes the problem so much more difficult. Just move all our
       | industry into space and have the humans stay home.
        
       | rzzzt wrote:
       | Can't the robots pull together space junk instead?
        
       | gene-h wrote:
       | Using automata is a bit silly and has problems. The biggest
       | problems are vacuum welding and lack of lubrication. Vacuum
       | welding can cause higher wear or even failure on metal
       | components. Gears and cams absolutely need lubrication, which is
       | liable to evaporation in a vacuum or requires exotic elements
       | such as molybdenum.
       | 
       | Gears and cams also need to be machined, and machining processes
       | do not work well in a vacuum for some of the same reasons
       | mentioned above. That being said, one ton of microchips goes a
       | long way. Why bother with automata, when simple vacuum tubes(in
       | space, a vacuum tube is a couple funny shaped pieces of metal in
       | close proximity) and magnetic amplifiers could be used to amplify
       | signals from microcontrollers into something capable of doing
       | useful work?
        
         | kwhitefoot wrote:
         | > exotic elements such as molybdenum.
         | 
         | What? Molybdenum disulphide grease is available everywhere.
        
           | shagie wrote:
           | It's not "exotic" in that it isn't used (it has major
           | industrial Uses) but rather that it is one of the less common
           | materials in the crust. It's less common than many of the
           | "rare earth" elements and less common than uranium (Uranium
           | is the 49th most common element while Molybdenum is the 58th
           | depending on source https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance_o
           | f_elements_in_Earth... ).
        
           | gene-h wrote:
           | On asteroids it will be harder to obtain. It's been found to
           | be present in iron meteorites at about 30 ppm[0].
           | [0]https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190647926.013.206
        
         | balaji1 wrote:
         | Can they build a demo on earth? Maybe reshape a small hill-side
         | into something fun or pretty with "Autonomous Restructuring".
         | That would be fun to watch.
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > Can they build a demo on earth? Maybe reshape a small hill-
           | side into something fun or pretty with "Autonomous
           | Restructuring". That would be fun to watch.
           | 
           | If you are restructuring an asteroid, containment isn't much
           | of a problem; if you want to do it to an isolated site on
           | earth, it is more of a concern.
        
             | balaji1 wrote:
             | what is containment?
        
         | foobarian wrote:
         | > in space, a vacuum tube is a couple funny shaped pieces of
         | metal in close proximity
         | 
         | I can't believe this never occurred to me before. The
         | possibilities are staggering :-)
        
         | Teever wrote:
         | Why not just move the asteroid or pieces of the asteroid into a
         | pressurized environment?
        
       | AustinDev wrote:
       | Fascinating paper, I'm going to have to spend some more time with
       | it later today. I did love this quote though which captures the
       | ethos of what they are proposing:
       | 
       | >: Our asteroid restructuring approach can be compared to the
       | effort of early pioneers. A wagon heading west in America in the
       | 1800s could not carry enough supplies to support a family for the
       | journey or at the destination. These pioneers brought tools with
       | them to be self-sufficient [Williams 2016]. Our restructuring
       | relies on self-replication, but more important, on the production
       | of tools to make the restructuring effort self-sufficient and
       | sufficiently productive.
        
       | idlewords wrote:
       | This is a great example of the space fallacy, the idea that
       | things that are impossible to do on Earth are somehow practical
       | technologies for space. If it's all so easy to do, then go hollow
       | out your local mountain; I promise it will get people's
       | attention.
        
         | adastra22 wrote:
         | Hallowing out a mountain would be much easier and in fact not
         | all that impressive if (1) it was actually a rubble pile, and
         | (2) no gravity.
        
           | andrewflnr wrote:
           | I'd settle for hollowing out an actual rubble pile as a demo.
           | I'd be ecstatic, honestly, if you dumped any package of
           | machines on a rubble pile and it autonomously, with only
           | solar power, produced any machine more complicated than a bar
           | of metal (and even that bar of metal would be no joke).
           | Refining raw materials is hard. At least in space you'd be
           | able to melt things in the open without them immediately
           | oxidizing to hell.
           | 
           | Gravity is dubious as pro or con. It's honestly kind of handy
           | sometimes, as a spatial organizing principle if nothing else.
        
           | idlewords wrote:
           | It's our bad luck that all the easy stuff got put in space.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-03-06 23:00 UTC)