[HN Gopher] Low-cost open source device can measure air pollutio...
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       Low-cost open source device can measure air pollution anywhere
        
       Author : GavCo
       Score  : 91 points
       Date   : 2023-03-16 18:44 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.mit.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.mit.edu)
        
       | l1am0 wrote:
       | This feels like old news. Built such a thing for a german hacker
       | initiative like 7years ago. Back then sub 50EUR and still runs.
       | 
       | Data available at luftdaten.info
       | 
       | https://sensor.community/de/sensors/airrohr/
        
         | MandieD wrote:
         | We built those and got them running one evening at a Meetup in
         | Erlangen - looks like they had to switch to a
         | temperature/humidity sensor that requires soldering the pins
         | on, because the ones we used back then came ready to plug in,
         | not a soldering iron in sight.
        
       | uoaei wrote:
       | Official repo:
       | 
       | https://github.com/MIT-Senseable-City-Lab/OSCS
        
       | mistrial9 wrote:
       | there is an old man in Berkeley who has made very good money for
       | more than thirty years, designing and selling these. No, he does
       | not want to "open source" it (I tried).
        
       | grozzle wrote:
       | It would be useful if headlines said "~$10", "sub $100", "sub
       | $1000" et cetera, instead of vague terms like "low-cost".
        
         | cinntaile wrote:
         | According to the linked paper in the article it's <2500usd.
         | 
         | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119692
        
           | cwkoss wrote:
           | I wouldn't call that 'low cost'
        
       | Karawebnetwork wrote:
       | Link to project website: https://senseable.mit.edu/flatburn/
       | 
       | Link to assembly guide: https://github.com/MIT-Senseable-City-
       | Lab/OSCS/blob/main/Bui...
       | 
       | Link to bill of materials:
       | https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1-fR-0hTxHKbjaRf8DbH6...
       | 
       | Naively searching for every lines of the bill of materials gives
       | me around $300, with a handful of items being around $50 and
       | everything else under $5. I'm sure a hobbyist could find the
       | parts for cheaper, especially things like individuals connectors
       | that I found for around $5. I've seen them go as low as $0.25
       | when bulk purchased.
       | 
       | Disclaimer: it's possible that some SKUs led me to the wrong
       | products. I am not into electronics. I encourage you do to the
       | same exercise before drawing conclusions.
        
         | clnq wrote:
         | Not to undermine the DIY aspect which could be fun, but it
         | looks like you could buy an Atmotube for about half as much (if
         | you take the research survey) -- https://ukstore.atmotube.com/.
         | Though it doesn't register noise levels.
         | 
         | They can also build you an Atmocube which can measure noise and
         | a few other things for $200-$500 based on what I found online.
        
       | theaussiestew wrote:
       | Impressive, I've been wanting to build a portable version of this
       | for a while now. It would look like a smart band but integrate
       | environmental sensors and the users would then be aware of how
       | their environment is affecting them. They would also have the
       | option of contributing their data to a collective dataset.
        
       | dariosalvi78 wrote:
       | I had a similar DIY project, also using some Alphasense sensors,
       | + some cheaper metaloxide ones. It was somewhat promising, but it
       | needs long-lasting colocation studies and, after I moved to
       | Sweden, I lost any support from the local authorities and gave
       | up. https://bochovj.wordpress.com/tag/air-quality/
        
       | Rebelgecko wrote:
       | How does this compare to something like an Airgradient, which you
       | can put together for like $50? More detail about what constitutes
       | the PM2.5 or PMn particles you're measuring?
        
       | gnramires wrote:
       | Can't find the air quality sensor on their bill of materials
        
         | shrx wrote:
         | The Readme file [1] on their GitHub repo contains this bill of
         | materials:
         | https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1-fR-0hTxHKbjaRf8DbH6...
         | 
         | This lists a "particle module", a temperature sensor and some
         | other seemingly irrelevant sensors (GPS, accelerometer).
         | 
         | [1] https://github.com/MIT-Senseable-City-
         | Lab/OSCS/tree/main/Bui...
         | 
         | edit: looks like the "particle module" is just a LTE/BT
         | communication module, so really there don't seem to be any
         | environmental sensors other than for temperature.
        
           | detaro wrote:
           | You are only looking at the list for the main board, the air
           | quality sensor carrier is the second sheet of the doc.
        
             | adolph wrote:
             | It only includes a particulate matter sensor and "Analogue
             | Front End (AFE) Alphasense A4 Air Quality Gas Sensors" but
             | not the sensors to use.
        
             | gnramires wrote:
             | Thanks!
        
         | ivarvong wrote:
         | There's a mention of the SEN5X here: https://github.com/MIT-
         | Senseable-City-Lab/OSCS/blob/main/Bui...
        
           | antoniuschan99 wrote:
           | I also see an alphasense afe, and bme280
        
         | e44858 wrote:
         | The particulate sensor is Sensirion SPS30, mentioned on the AQ
         | Ext Board tab in the spreadsheet.
        
       | gniv wrote:
       | The key word -- which is missing from the PR title, but is in the
       | paper title -- is "calibration". The novelty is there. Apparently
       | this is a big problem due to varying humidity levels.
        
         | Havoc wrote:
         | Not just humidity - CO2 equivalent sensors are also quite fond
         | of drifting
        
       | AceJohnny2 wrote:
       | Usual disclaimer that MIT's PR dept is really effective (I've
       | stopped paying attention them because of so much hype), and
       | there's quite a chasm between a proof of concept and a mass-
       | market device.
        
         | alsodumb wrote:
         | Yup, they are really good.
         | 
         | The Open Agriculture fraud is a living example:
         | https://gizmodo.com/mit-built-a-theranos-for-plants-18379682...
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | That one was supercharged by the Media Lab's PR organ. But
           | even without that assistance, the regular MIT "news" office
           | is head and shoulders above its peers in making the trivial
           | appear transformational and the outstanding appear...boring.
           | 
           | My favorite was a publicity piece about a new proof for the
           | behavior of higher-order manifolds with some absurd
           | justification as to why you should care, something like how
           | it would revolutionize battery electrodes or something like
           | that.
           | 
           | PS: "living example" was a nice touch.
        
             | alsodumb wrote:
             | Hahaha I was worried no one's gonna get my pun.
        
       | jl6 wrote:
       | I don't know if this is the device to do it, but the premise is
       | solid: create awareness that air pollution is a real thing
       | affecting specific areas in which _you_ are breathing right now,
       | not just an abstract bad thing that may or may not be happening
       | somewhere to someone.
        
         | cactusplant7374 wrote:
         | I'm debating buying one for myself so I can judge whether air
         | pollution is effecting my asthma. You can find AQI for a lot of
         | cities but it appears the calculation often isn't done with
         | local devices. Satellite imaging?
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | This sounds highly implausible for anything other than very crude
       | and not-very-useful measurements. Quantifying air pollution is a
       | fairly hard problem, chemically speaking. The composition of
       | particulate matter is highly diverse as it may arise from a wide
       | variety of sources, i.e. agricultural, industrial, wildfires,
       | diesel engines, etc. Just looking at the particulate PM2.5/PM10,
       | broadly speaking there's the organic carbon fraction and the
       | inorganic metal fraction. The former is highly complex, e.g.:
       | 
       | > "The considerably increased chromatographic resolution in GCxGC
       | [gas chromatography] allows separation of many UCM [organic
       | carbon] compounds while the TOFMS [mass spectrometer] supplies
       | mass spectral data of all separated compounds. However, the data
       | sets are getting enormously complex. In a typical PM2.5 sample
       | from Augsburg _more than 15,000 peaks can be detected_...  "
       | 
       | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00219...
       | 
       | Some particulate matter may have a heavy metal fraction, some may
       | not and that's also not easy to determine (but was a major factor
       | in leaded gasoline pollution). Here's a sample of the kind of
       | work that has to be done to get reliable measurements:
       | 
       | > "...using quadrupole inductively coupled plasma - mass
       | spectrometry (q-ICP-MS). We report improved measurements of key
       | aerosol elements including Al, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn in
       | airborne coarse particulate matter (PM10)... This technique was
       | used to determine the elemental composition of over 150 PM10
       | samples collected from an industrialized region in Houston, TX."
       | 
       | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00032...
       | 
       | On top of that there's nitrogen oxides and PAN, ozone, etc. The
       | only relatively inexpensive recent innovations seem to be the use
       | of drones to collect samples for lab analysis (would have been
       | useful in East Palestine).
       | 
       | Getting accurate measurements of all the species involved in air
       | pollution requires a modern analytical lab packed with equipment
       | that costs hundreds of thousands of dollars and highly trained
       | technicians to operate. The press release and snippets from the
       | paper don't address such important details at all.
        
         | Severian wrote:
         | Not only that, but they are deployed on top of automobiles,
         | where the air quality in the surrounding air is going to be
         | worse to begin with. I understand the benefits of using GPS,
         | but I don't see where they mention this being an issue.
        
         | ddulaney wrote:
         | Most definitely it's hard to dig into the actual composition of
         | air pollution. But "how much PM2.5 is in the air", while
         | definitely crude, is still extremely useful. That said, decent
         | sensors for PM concentration are already pretty cheap (<$100
         | for a module; ~$100 for a full package), so unless the price is
         | going way down it's unclear how useful this particular
         | innovation is.
        
         | ckocagil wrote:
         | A lot of these cheap, portable sensors "cheat" in one way or
         | another. E.g CO2 sensors that assume they'll be subject to open
         | air once every few days, using that minimal CO2 value as a
         | baseline. So while they give numbers which can be useful if the
         | user is aware of its limitations, they're far from being
         | analytical tools.
         | 
         | In contrast PM is pretty easy to get right. Shine laser, count
         | particles.
        
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       (page generated 2023-03-16 23:00 UTC)