[HN Gopher] Electronics Lab Bench Setup Guide
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Electronics Lab Bench Setup Guide
        
       Author : stacktrust
       Score  : 363 points
       Date   : 2023-05-11 15:09 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (badar.tech)
 (TXT) w3m dump (badar.tech)
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | I know this is probably the dumbest question but I hate mounting
       | swivel arm monitors / TVs to stud wall / plasterboard. The stud
       | is either in wrong place and all the clever expanding screw fix
       | things just seem ... meh.
       | 
       | I miss brick walls
        
       | ablyveiled wrote:
       | I wish I had the living situation to implement this.
        
       | hommelix wrote:
       | Is it me or it looks like an amazon affiliate links farm?
        
         | rudedogg wrote:
         | Yes, but it's all well researched and they obviously spent a
         | lot of time finding a good setup. I think quality stuff like
         | this deserves the affiliate revenue.
        
         | inconceivable wrote:
         | king hommelix decrees that people are not allowed to monetize
         | recommendations lists on the internet.
        
       | KaiserPro wrote:
       | This is a very nice guide. Lots of good choices.
       | 
       | One thing I would add is that having a solid bench with a
       | replaceable surface to do dirty/cutting things on is really
       | useful.
       | 
       | I have a really solid desk I made out of scaffolding planks and
       | recycled roof timbers. The surface is then made using either Ikea
       | bamboo chopping boards (they were on offer) or some other
       | replaceable work top.
       | 
       | Another thing that might be useful for Beginners +1 is a second
       | hand bench top multimeter. This is only useful if you are not
       | going to be mobile. They have the advantage that they are always
       | there, and aren't moved much. If you have a more fancy o-scope,
       | this isn't probably needed as you can do most things on that
       | (once you've learnt how to.)
       | 
       | This is personal preference, so do take this as a personal
       | opinion.
        
         | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
         | Bench meters generally have higher precision that handheld
         | units. For voltage and current that doesn't always add much
         | value but this is particularly useful on the Ohmmeter where you
         | can track down shorts by small changes in resistance that can't
         | be detected with a low precision device.
        
           | cellularmitosis wrote:
           | they also typically have some sort of serial output, which
           | opens up a whole world of data logging.
        
         | rzzzt wrote:
         | I see "self-healing" cutting mats all the time in tech videos,
         | with the measurement grid and angles printed on top. I'd like
         | to get one at some point.
        
           | atoav wrote:
           | As someone who runs an University electronics lab I'd
           | recommend to instead get on or more silicone mats (they come
           | with slots for small parts and such). They withstand heat
           | better (curtting mats can deform permanently when heated
           | wrongly), prooved to be more durable and are very easy to
           | clean.
           | 
           | If you need a cutting mat for actual precision cutting of
           | paper, get one and treat it carefully.
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | I have both the silicone antistatic mat and a cutting mat.
             | Different tools for different purposes. I would never
             | solder anything on the cutting mat, nor cut anything on the
             | silicone mat.
             | 
             | If I could only have one of those two, it would be the
             | silicone mat. The cutting mat is great, but really, you can
             | use any expendable surface in its place.
        
             | linker3000 wrote:
             | I got some 7" x 7" silicone kitchen saucepan mats from a
             | bargain store. 89p each.
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | Agree 100%: all of my cutting mats are now warped, covered
             | in dried whatever, and rough-surfaced. Silicone is awesome.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | I'm sure they're the kind of thing that can bw ludicrously
           | expensive, in part because they _sound_ complicated /high-
           | tech. Note that they can be really cheap, as in sub-PS10 for
           | A4 maybe even A3.
           | 
           | I just mean don't do much (or any) cutting thinking 'I should
           | get one of those at some point' before getting one, as
           | excuses for new tools/toys go that's a good & also cheap one!
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | I recommend them, they're great. When I got mine, it seemed
           | like a bit of a luxury, but now it seems like essential
           | equipment. Also, I recommend getting a rotary cutter (link to
           | illustrate the tool type -- not a recommendation for that
           | particular instance) to go along with it.
           | 
           | https://www.amazon.com/Olfa-Deluxe-Handle-Rotary-
           | Cutter/dp/B...
        
         | markrages wrote:
         | A DMM is a precision tool. Especially a good 6.5 digit desktop
         | one.
         | 
         | An oscilloscope is fantastically useful, but it is not a
         | precision tool. Calibration is just OK, and most use 8-bit
         | converters.
        
           | squarefoot wrote:
           | Analog scopes are still a thing, especially when compared
           | with cheap digital ones that often distort things or flatly
           | don't show them. If one has only 150 bucks to allocate for a
           | scope, unless the digital scope added functions (math,
           | storage, etc) are needed, the best choice is often an used
           | analog one. Digital scopes start to become interesting when
           | they go up in features and price, 12/14 bit ADCs, much higher
           | s/r, high res screens, etc.
        
             | markrages wrote:
             | I second this advice, and would add another reason: Buy an
             | analog scope while you can still find them for cheap! They
             | don't make good ones anymore. The analog scope is a
             | lifetime purchase.
             | 
             | But the calibration point still applies. On my Tek 454,
             | there are calibration knobs built right into the UI. The
             | user is expected to tweak and calibrate as they go, and
             | depending on the measurement. (Often the shape of the
             | waveform is all you are trying to see.)
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | For 99% of the use cases a 4.5 digit one would be plenty.
           | That gives you mV accuracy up to 10V.
        
       | steve_adams_86 wrote:
       | This is great. My own setup would benefit a lot from some of
       | these ideas. Glad to see the omnifixo in there! It's one of my
       | favourite things I keep on hand.
       | 
       | I've never found the need to keep heaps of components on hand,
       | but I guess I'm not an electrical engineer or anything remotely
       | like it. I just fix stuff and make junk when I'm inspired. What
       | kind of situation would justify having so much stuff on hand?
       | Maybe if you actually design and prototype PCBs and know which
       | components you'll typically need?
        
         | johnwalkr wrote:
         | Yes, if you design and prototype PCBs you find pretty quickly
         | that you don't need that many standard components. It's nice
         | then to think about what you need again and again, and then
         | organize it somehow. You can also just collect it over time,
         | but then you end up with large digikey bags filled with smaller
         | digikey bags of components, and it becomes easier to just order
         | everything you need each time instead of sorting through it
         | all.
        
           | steve_adams_86 wrote:
           | > large digikey bags filled with smaller digikey bags of
           | components
           | 
           | Ha, this is me. Maybe I should get some bins...
        
       | ftxbro wrote:
       | I wonder how much this entire setup costs is it like $20,000?
        
         | riceart wrote:
         | No, much much less. That o-scope is $349 and that's the most
         | expensive item (well outside of the computer workstation), and
         | everything is cheapish (which as pointed out elsewhere is only
         | going to be used for a restricted set of hobbyist work).
         | 
         | It is somewhat telling that there is more money paid on the
         | computer - this is more a computer enthusiast who dabbles in
         | electronics setup (not that there is anything wrong with it) -
         | but if you're doing serious circuit design work you're going to
         | find this setup lacking in many ways.
        
           | ftxbro wrote:
           | i dunno man, stuff adds up. He says he has "more than a
           | thousand different electric components for PCBs" and that's
           | just some random stuff not the big ones. How much do you
           | think his more than a thousand _different_ electric
           | components for PCBs would cost, just by itself? Do you think
           | he buys each one in bags of 1? That 's not including any of
           | the other random things.
        
         | ftxbro wrote:
         | Anyone who has access to a good LLM maybe you could use this as
         | an example puzzle for it? I tried but my context window is too
         | small and it's not allowed to browse the web, and I'm too lazy
         | to break up into tiny parts.
        
       | TheCleric wrote:
       | Best bang for the buck here in my opinion: The Engineer SS-02.
       | 
       | Before I bought this I thought all solder suckers were the same.
       | I was wrong. Well worth the ~$20, built like a tank, and works
       | very well.
        
       | proee wrote:
       | Love this article.
       | 
       | Regarding bench design, if the budget allows, it's nice to make
       | the desktop height adjustable via a motor drive. Depending on
       | mood and project, I prefer to set a specific height for working.
       | 
       | For additional test hardware, I like to have an IR thermometer
       | handy to measure critical thermal components. Also nice to have a
       | sound level meter available to calibrate any audio projects.
       | 
       | For soldering, nice to have a diverse set of tweezers to hold SMD
       | components and wires.
        
       | tastyfreeze wrote:
       | Wow! Not my kind of workbench but I appreciate a well organized
       | workbench. The site looks like an excellent resource if I ever
       | wanted to get into this hobby.
        
       | oliverx0 wrote:
       | This is truly an amazing write-up, thank you!! I would love it if
       | someone with experience in the bio lab scene (PCR machines,
       | electrophoresis, western blot, pipettes, cell incubator, and so
       | on) could write something similar.
        
         | uneekname wrote:
         | I would also love to see something like that. It would be a fun
         | premise for a blog, kind of like Uses This [0] but for
         | workbenches
         | 
         | https://usesthis.com/
        
       | geocrasher wrote:
       | That is _wonderfully_ thorough. And overkill for a large number
       | of projects. But if you 're doing real EE work, this is excellent
       | stuff.
        
         | myself248 wrote:
         | > real EE work
         | 
         | Oof, we must have different concepts of what that means; I
         | thought just the opposite. The dummy-load is awful and prone to
         | oscillation on certain sources. The o'scope is entry-level,
         | 50MHz (100 with hacks), and doesn't support any advanced
         | analysis. There's no discussion of scope probes whatsoever.
         | There's only one power supply, for cryin' out loud, and it's
         | neither precise nor clean. The DMM is 31/2 digits and there's
         | only one of it. There's no AC isolation transformer, variac, or
         | current-limit box. No signal generator, frequency counter (no,
         | the scope isn't very good at that), etc. An ESD mat but no
         | strap or tester.
         | 
         | Further, there's nothing of what you'd want to actually bring a
         | product to market. No EMI/EMC precompliance setup. No hi-pot
         | tester. No ESD gun.
         | 
         | I mean, this is a very capable setup for someone poking at
         | arduinos and stuff. But I wouldn't want it anywhere near
         | analog, audio, radio, or power. It's a great start for a
         | hobbyist with modest ambitions, but "real EE work" would be the
         | last description I'd reach for.
        
           | geocrasher wrote:
           | You have a good point. I'm thinking of prototyping more
           | generic "stuff" with that setup. For my own work (mostly
           | amateur radio stuff) the setup is quite different.
           | 
           | I also noticed that the scope was only 50 MHz and the power
           | supply was... ungreat.
        
       | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
       | Good guide for getting started. I'd definitely recommend having
       | more than one power supply channel.
       | 
       | I use a logic analyzer (and PCBite probes) quite a bit, but
       | that'll vary depending on what you do.
       | 
       | Other tools tend to be more specialized. Function generators are
       | useful if doing analog circuits, board pre-heaters are important
       | for some rework operations, and of course RF circuits have their
       | own set of tools needed.
        
       | Scene_Cast2 wrote:
       | I see a fume extractor under the desk. As someone who was in the
       | market for one recently, I'd love some discussion (like loudness,
       | price, performance, etc).
        
         | foofoo55 wrote:
         | Absolutely essential. Fumes from lead-free solder fluxes are
         | nasty [1]. I find that bench-top "fume extractors", consisting
         | of a fan and thin dust filter, are extremely noisy and
         | essentially useless. I love my Hakko FA430-16. It's relatively
         | quiet such that a regular conversation can be had in its
         | presence, and it really works with the right hose & hood setup.
         | 
         | 1: https://www.hse.gov.uk/lung-disease/electronics-
         | soldering.ht...
        
           | realharo wrote:
           | I wouldn't call the simple fans useless - just the fact that
           | the fumes are being blown away from your face is a huge
           | improvement over not even having that.
           | 
           | Of course there needs to be somewhere for them to go, but if
           | you can have an open window close to your bench, that solves
           | that problem quite nicely.
        
           | prova_modena wrote:
           | As someone who owns a FA430 and has a sensitivity to flux
           | fumes causing headaches and drowsiness, I agree with
           | everything in this comment. Keep in mind you can become
           | sensitized to flux fumes after repeated exposure (happened to
           | me) so IMO it's better to go overkill on fume extraction
           | before it becomes a problem.
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | I use the simple fan+filter ones at work, I've always found
         | them to work fine.
         | 
         | Although the comparison is against normal lab air conditions,
         | which aren't great, as opposed to something like a home lab. At
         | home I just open the window.
        
           | tomatsu wrote:
           | The coarse carbon mats don't even filter half of the fumes.
           | 
           | These super basic fan+mat fume extractors do get the fumes
           | out of your face, which is the most important part, but the
           | particulate and VOC levels in the room will quickly exceed
           | acceptable levels.
           | 
           | But even with a proper filter stack which filters over 99.9%,
           | you can only filter what's actually captured. You still need
           | some ventilation and it's also a good idea to run an air
           | purifier in automatic mode to filter what wasn't captured at
           | the source. What isn't filtered by filters is filtered by
           | your lungs.
        
       | bsder wrote:
       | The only argument I have would be the soldering irons. You really
       | want a Metcal or Thermaltronics station. They're just so much
       | better that it's ridiculous.
       | 
       | Yes, they are expensive. However, you will have them _forever_.
       | And you will never have to worry about too much heat, too little
       | heat, or calibration ever again.
       | 
       | Your soldering will be so dramatically better that you will
       | wonder how you ever did without them.
        
       | scld wrote:
       | This is a great writeup. I'd personally go with a binoc scope and
       | some other personal preferences, but either way it's awesome to
       | see a nice breakdown like this.
        
       | tverbeure wrote:
       | Something isn't right. You can see the bench surface.
        
         | WaitWaitWha wrote:
         | Exactly!
         | 
         | And, there are no burn marks on that desk or the mat, the trash
         | bin is empty instead of full of Jolt or Rockstar cans, and
         | those cables? Not a single knot.
         | 
         | The bins are labeled _and_ the label matching items in the
         | bins.
         | 
         | Those stacked containers on the right middle shelf? Never would
         | be put back in that fashion after labeling them.
         | 
         | Look at the cute scre driver organizer on the bottom wall-
         | shelf, right side! They are in order! How?!
         | 
         | Those drawer bins on the middle wall shelf? It will fall on
         | your face dumping all, specially with the sharp and pointy
         | parts looking for soft spots in your eyes.
         | 
         | I am calling shenanigans!
         | 
         | (Seriously - Good job on the write-up!)
        
         | rescbr wrote:
         | You can see the bench surface; things are neatly arranged; no
         | cardboard boxes storing half-done projects, etc.
         | 
         | I have the theory our desks/workbenches reflect our own mind,
         | but I digress... :)
        
       | CarVac wrote:
       | I urge people to ditch leaded solder in favor of lead-free.
       | 
       | Most difficulties people have in using lead-free comes from one
       | of three things:
       | 
       | 1. a poor soldering iron
       | 
       | 2. bad quality solder (the cheap stuff with bad flux is bad, duh)
       | 
       | 3. poor technique (among other things, wipe your tip just before
       | using, not before putting it away)
       | 
       | I like the Chipquik SAC305 with no-clean flux and other people
       | I've recommended it to find it no harder to work with than
       | Sn63Pb37.
        
         | digitallyfree wrote:
         | I learned from the start on lead-free RoHS solder (doing SMT
         | work) and had zero issues with it. Honestly I've never tried
         | leaded solder as I just use lead-free all the time, though I
         | know people who swear by it.
        
         | crote wrote:
         | The biggest difference is that an improperly soldered leaded
         | joint looks _very_ obviously wrong, whereas a good lead-free
         | joint can be pretty much indistinguishable from a bad one.
         | 
         | If you are just starting out - and will therefore _by
         | definition_ have a poor iron, cheap solder, and poor technique
         | - leaded is definitely the way to go. Once your first spool of
         | leaded runs out, it is probably time to switch to lead-free.
        
       | deweywsu wrote:
       | FAR too organized.
        
       | rapjr9 wrote:
       | The guide needs a section on safety with a notice that users of
       | the bench can read. A cordless vacuum cleaner would be a useful
       | addition to the tool list as well.
        
       | anonymousiam wrote:
       | Not directly related, but I'm curious how much revenue all the
       | Amazon affiliate links will generate for the author.
        
         | georgeoliver wrote:
         | Given how much time it probably took to document the setup
         | (never mind creating the setup), I'd say he deserves every
         | penny.
        
           | anonymousiam wrote:
           | Probably, but most sites that use Amazon Affiliate tags
           | usually disclose it somewhere on the page. I didn't see any
           | disclosure on this one.
        
       | zwieback wrote:
       | Nice setup! In addition to a decent scope I like having a USB
       | logic analyzer. There are lots of cheap ones but Saleae (no
       | affiliation) makes really nice ones.
        
       | Wafje wrote:
       | I am interested in the airtable inventory system. Anyone else got
       | good experience with airtable?
        
         | phcreery wrote:
         | Me too! I have never used airtable before but have heard of it.
         | I needed an inventory system but I wasn't satisfied with the
         | options I found so I created my own. Right now it is
         | rudimentary but it can import BoM, export to CSV, "build" BoM's
         | (auto-deduct from inventory), octopart API integration for
         | grabbing component info/specs, and all of this compiled to
         | single binary for lightweight selfhosting.
         | 
         | https://github.com/phcreery/partman
        
       | massaman_yams wrote:
       | Mean Well has some constant current dimmable 24v power supplies
       | with zero flicker. You'd need 2 if you want each strip to be
       | independently controllable. They also can take a PWM signal if
       | you're so inclined, but I bought them because I prefer flicker-
       | free dimming. e.g.
       | https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/709-HLG40H-24B
        
         | steve_adams_86 wrote:
         | Mean Well's power supplies are by far the best I've used. Apart
         | from working really well, they also seem to be constructed
         | better than others I've used.
         | 
         | My 3d printer, grow lights, hydroponic automation hardware, and
         | a little CNC project are all run on Mean Well power supplies
         | now.
        
           | Washuu wrote:
           | Mean Well has been around for a few decades. They are in a
           | lot of pinball machines too.
        
         | amluto wrote:
         | You are unlikely to get amazing dimming performance using
         | constant current with a 24V strip intended for constant voltage
         | operation.
         | 
         | For a bench application like this, get a constant current strip
         | from Bridgelux. They're cheap and excellent. Digi-key sells
         | them. The "thrive" series is a bit less efficient but has a
         | very nice spectrum. The tiny drivers from Cuvee Systems work
         | well, start quickly, and dim well, but any ordinary LED driver
         | can drive them. Or the bench power supply :)
         | 
         | For 24V tape, here are a few decent choices for drivers:
         | 
         | The Meanwell PWM series. The frequency is below IEEE 1789
         | recommendations but is okay.
         | 
         | eldoLED LinearDRIVE. The best, but kind of expensive and
         | annoying to use. Program it for a log curve. Here, for example:
         | 
         | https://www.ll-sales.com/eldoled-lineardrive-212d-dmx-led-dr...
         | 
         | These are convenient but massively overpriced:
         | 
         | https://www.diodeled.com/switchex.html
        
           | massaman_yams wrote:
           | Yeah, with a CV strip the Mean Wells with CC dimming have an
           | abrupt shutoff at low brightness - maybe 5% (I haven't
           | measured it), and a brief flash upon increasing brightness
           | just above that threshold. Otherwise they work reasonably
           | well for my use case.
           | 
           | Thanks for the additional recommendations.
        
             | amluto wrote:
             | I would also expect some degree of uneven output at lower
             | currents, especially as it ages. But maybe LEDs are more
             | consistently manufactured these days.
             | 
             | You may also experience worse failure modes with the
             | fancier strips that have current limiting ICs instead of
             | resistors.
             | 
             | (Pixel strips can be quite good, too. They seem to mostly
             | have very high PWM frequencies. I assume this is because
             | the electrical behavior is better that way rather than due
             | to any particular care for the pleasantness of using them.)
        
       | contingencies wrote:
       | I would caution against taking the power supply recommendation
       | for two reasons.
       | 
       | (1) Don't buy equipment without LXI as IMHO once you get going
       | you really need coherent and scriptable ethernet control of
       | everything. Yes, you can work manually or use some oddball vendor
       | tool over USB. Yes, it's slow, error prone, and frustrating. The
       | difference between getting things done and getting burned out is
       | largely down to choice of tools. Spend the money.
       | 
       | (2) Multi-channel is important. Pretty much anything needs more
       | than one voltage. It really sux having multiple PSUs because it
       | doubles bench space, cable overheads, is a pain to synchronize. I
       | would recommend a three channel supply with LXI at a minimum.
        
         | InvisibleUp wrote:
         | Regarding point 1, USB-TMC is just as good as LXI, really.
         | Completely industry standard, just like LXI or GPIB. LXI is
         | great _if you need it_ , but you probably don't if everything's
         | on the same desk.
         | 
         | And there's even more instruments that just create a virtual
         | COM port over USB and allow SCPI commands over that, and that's
         | perfectly fine. You just have to configure it via something
         | like [Keysight's Connection Expert
         | program](https://www.keysight.com/us/en/lib/software-
         | detail/computer-...) first.
        
       | jensenbox wrote:
       | You should sell this page as a kit.
       | 
       | Buy all this stuff, all in for $ + shipping.
        
       | junon wrote:
       | I also just started going through the EE lab setup from scratch
       | after 20 years of programming. What a great little guide, and
       | matches my experience thus far (though the author is _way_ more
       | organized).
       | 
       | I'm pretty proud of the little parts system I've made, albeit
       | much more primitive. I use pretty exclusively Mouser at this
       | point so I invested in a cheap barcode scanner and just keep the
       | bags in a box since I have limited space. I have a parts database
       | that wraps SQLite and has operations such as "inventory" (taking
       | inventory of my existing parts, updating counts), "shipment"
       | which is a quick way to increase counts of a new shipment of
       | parts (I just have to scan the mouser ID and then the part
       | quantity), and "populate" which decrements each part by one per
       | scan as I'm populating a board.
       | 
       | It's one of those quick-hack-and-slash setups that is really fun
       | to build and is just another part of the yak shaving process.
       | Overall getting into PCB design has been a _very, very_ fun
       | hobby, and since I have real projects I need custom PCBs for, it
       | 's been a great supplemental skill to have.
       | 
       | Cool article!
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Programmers tend to turn everything into a programming problem
         | (guilty as charged). But I got into electronics before I got
         | into programming and rather than spending time on parts
         | inventory programs I would spend the time on fixing things and
         | designing little circuits, then build them up on vero board. No
         | software required!
        
       | Workaccount2 wrote:
       | This looks like a beautiful setup that isn't used too much. Or
       | perhaps I am just jealous that I can't keep my active work spaces
       | neat.
        
         | mwbajor wrote:
         | Do you buy alot of surplus components/equipment?
         | 
         | 50% of my garage workshop is from bulk buys from hamfests and
         | machine shop auctions. Its nearly impossible to keep organized
         | because you always get extra stuff that you "can use later"
         | which just adds to the clutter since there isn't always a place
         | to put it.
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | Here's the worst part:
           | 
           | When I spin up a new project I just buy everything new from
           | digikey rather than deal with the hassle of picking out parts
           | from the part pile.
        
           | CapstanRoller wrote:
           | >50% of my garage workshop is from bulk buys from hamfests
           | and machine shop auctions
           | 
           | Is there a cure for this disease?
        
             | mwbajor wrote:
             | Some sort of organizational method. I've thought about it
             | alot, its more of an inventory system with an unknown
             | amount of items and categories.
             | 
             | Simple things become organizational nightmares forcing you
             | to rethink you're bench layout for example: I put my LM317s
             | in a small bin because I only had 3 but now I have a bag of
             | 300, I guess I need to get a bigger bin, or do I just use
             | the small bin and save some for later but where, but how
             | many, how do I know how many I have in total?
        
               | 83 wrote:
               | I fight with this a lot. Best solution I've found is add
               | a 'bulk' label to the bin so I know to refill from my
               | 'warehouse' stockpile when something gets low.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | Mine will only be cured by my death. Hopefully not
             | prematurely under a tipped over pile of test equipment...
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | That's exactly what I thought- no actively used bench would
         | ever look this clean unless it had been setup/staged.
        
         | georgeoliver wrote:
         | Or the author is incredibly thorough and detail oriented, and
         | cleaned it up for the photos. I agree, it's a great setup.
        
       | georgeoliver wrote:
       | A great write up and I think the author has a bright future ahead
       | of him.
       | 
       | However I can't help but think of something I read recently,
       | https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/an-ontology-of-elect....
       | 
       | I'm still trying to square my enthusiasm for electronics and
       | micros with the counter points raised in that essay.
        
       | fnordpiglet wrote:
       | This is so good it'll have to be blocked in Utah.
        
       | myself248 wrote:
       | I was expecting to grouch all over this, but I really like it. A
       | lot of thought went into this, and the choices are mostly very
       | good. A few notes from someone who's been doing this 30+ years
       | and 10 of those years as a volunteer in a community makerspace:
       | 
       | * 10" shelves aren't nearly deep enough for vintage test
       | equipment. If all you need is a DS1054Z, that's fine, but as you
       | move up and your needs expand, you'll find that more advanced
       | test equipment is astonishingly expensive new. Some older stuff
       | is obsolete junk, but some is still relevant and performant, and
       | wonderfully affordable, albeit bulky. A cart can be a good way to
       | accommodate the larger infrequent-use items without corrupting
       | the elegance of the shallow shelves.
       | 
       | * The FX888D was indeed an inflection point in hobbyist-priced
       | soldering stations, but the UI/UX is so terrible it's easier to
       | blow away the calibration than to adjust the active temperature,
       | and more than half the ones I've found in the wild have suffered
       | exactly that. (I carry a calibrator.) The result is that someone
       | either doesn't know why their solder behaves terribly when they
       | set "the right temperature", or they've found a setting that
       | works and the display is just showing a completely insane number
       | that has nothing to do with anything. Either way it completely
       | negates the benefit of a display in the first place! The old
       | analog FX888 is a gem, but the D is so terrible I'd love to just
       | yeet them all into the sun. As soon as the TS100 and Pinecil came
       | out, it no longer made sense to buy any other soldering station,
       | full stop. I keep one of each on my bench, with my two most
       | commonly used tips in them, so I rarely find myself swapping
       | tips, and I can dual-wield if the need arises. And all that is
       | still cheaper than one FX888D.
       | 
       | * The digital microscope is a pale shadow of the experience with
       | a proper binocular view with true depth perception and zero lag
       | and stuff. Worth having for portability alone, and ultra
       | affordable, but recognize that it's a crutch and you should
       | upgrade to genuine glass if you find yourself using it a lot.
       | This is the only thing on the list that really made me cringe.
       | 
       | * The Knipex side cutter is indeed great, if you don't need a
       | true-flush end. I really like true flush, especially on zipties,
       | because it doesn't leave a burr. (Ask anyone with ziptie scars
       | down their forearms about sharp burrs!) The Fastcap Micro Flush
       | Trimmer is the best I've found, and ridiculously durable. My
       | first one is now 15+ years old, the edges have picked up a few
       | dents and the jaw is slightly skew, but I keep it around because
       | it still does better work than the Xcelite cheapies. New ones put
       | in 5+ years of hard service before they start to show any age at
       | all, and that's frankly incredible. It's roughly twice the price
       | of the cheapies and does 100x the work.
       | 
       | * For tweezers, look no further than the Electron Microscopy
       | Sciences economy tweezers kit K5-ECO.SA, $26:
       | https://www.emsdiasum.com/economy-tweezers-kit-00-2a-3c-5-7 These
       | are an order of magnitude nicer than the Amazon cheapies, and
       | within spitting distance of the same price. I've got hundreds of
       | hours on mine at this point and I give sets as gifts to anyone
       | getting into SMD. Friends don't let friends suffer with bad
       | tweezers.
        
         | georgeoliver wrote:
         | Interesting you say that about the pinecil, I'm a little
         | embarrassed to say I haven't touched mine since the day it
         | arrived after impulse buying it. I guess I assumed it wasn't as
         | capable as my Metcal. I'll have to give it an honest try.
        
         | cschneid wrote:
         | For shelves, he's using a track system from home depot that I
         | was looking at for a different project - it has 16 and even 20"
         | deep shelf options.
        
         | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
         | Agree that the new USB-C soldering pencils are sufficient,
         | after using my Mini TS80P for a bit I sold my old station and
         | never looked back.
        
       | zackmorris wrote:
       | This is just a fantastic page, why aren't more on the internet
       | like this, with specific parts lists and sources? Very similar to
       | the stations we had when I was doing computer repair a decade ago
       | (no, I will not fix your computer.(tm)) and out of everything on
       | there, be sure to get a good ESD mat, or else you'll never stop
       | chasing random glitches.
       | 
       | I just want to add that the best way to get over starting
       | friction is to have everything ready to go like this. IMHO it's
       | much easier to take care of the low-hanging fruit of arranging
       | and cleaning, than it is to have to do that and THEN work. I
       | struggle with organization though, so I treat that as an active
       | exercise and devote 15 minutes at a time to the chore, rewarding
       | myself with a cup of coffee or whatever afterwards.
        
         | nunuvit wrote:
         | > why aren't more on the internet like this, with specific
         | parts lists and sources?
         | 
         | There are forums where people post pictures of their benches,
         | but it's a lot of work to document everything and you're going
         | to use whichever distributor has sufficiently similar items in
         | stock at your price point and can ship to your country.
        
           | ssklash wrote:
           | Got any links/suggestions for those forums? I'd love to get
           | some inspiration, like the OP provides in spades.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | linker3000 wrote:
             | Reddit. r/electronics. Workbench Wednesdays.
             | 
             | https://www.reddit.com/r/electronics/?f=flair_name%3A%22Wor
             | k...
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | I just start a new project on top of the pile of unfinished
         | projects, coffee cups, home repairs, bike parts, etc.
        
         | crispyambulance wrote:
         | FWIW, I bet the guy has an ESD mat and it was just too ugly to
         | show.
         | 
         | The only other thing I would add is boxes or large bins. Not
         | for tools or components, but for project work, so you can put
         | it away and work on something else when you need to.
         | 
         | Otherwise it ends up spread all over your desk, Jim Williams
         | style: https://www.flickr.com/photos/mightyohm/6926143499
         | (which is now at the computer history museum, apparently!)
        
           | aksss wrote:
           | Now THAT looks more familiar!
        
           | artogahr wrote:
           | He has an ESD mat! And it's on the table already, as
           | mentioned in the article. It's the gray surface.
        
           | tempodox wrote:
           | That's what I think of when I read "electronics lab bench".
           | The one in the article is so clean and well organized, I'm
           | getting jealous.
        
         | dabluecaboose wrote:
         | I definitely agree. As someone who is very tinker-minded, I've
         | had various "workbench" setups on my desk. These range from
         | watch repair, to gunsmithing, to electronics repair, to
         | woodworking.
         | 
         | I'd LOVE if all of those hobbies had a concise, illustrated
         | guide to not only the tools I should get, but *how to organize
         | them*. Organizing is a strength of mine on a computer, where
         | every file fits in every folder and there's no limits of size
         | or shape. But tell me to organize my office, and I'll end up
         | with a perfect system that goes entirely out of whack as soon
         | as one item is added or removed.
        
         | runtime_blues wrote:
         | I maintained page like this, only to have it penalized by
         | Google when they started cracking down on a particular type of
         | SEO spam.
         | 
         | But another problem is that such pages are just really hard to
         | maintain. In a year or two, half of the items you're liking to
         | are going to be out of production. This is especially true for
         | stuff like no-name test equipment, low-cost breadboards, etc.
         | There's just no stable brand or URL to use.
        
       | lanewinfield wrote:
       | As a person who's been tinkering with hardware the past couple of
       | years, I had been trying to search for exactly this kind of guide
       | for MONTHS.
       | 
       | This is so well documented and made. I love it!
        
       | tpmx wrote:
       | 24 inches (60 cm) is not deep enough, IMO. It's incredibly
       | irritating that IKEA stopped selling reasonably priced 75+ cm
       | deep bench tops (except for in a few markets, like Germany, maybe
       | IKEA thinks they still use CRTs there?).
       | 
       | Also: I see that your photos include a proper solder fume
       | extractor, but the BOM doesn't. I think it makes sense to include
       | one.
       | 
       | I did some research a few months ago for a suitable model
       | available in the EU. My research ended up with this one: Weller
       | ZERO SMOG EL KIT 1. About 700 EUR + VAT. (Didn't pull the trigger
       | yet - curious about thoughts on this one.)
        
         | mwbajor wrote:
         | I have about 40 linear feet of bench space in my garage. Its
         | cheaper to make durable benches out of 4'x8' sheets of 3/4"
         | plywood with another 3/4" sheet of mdf underneath. I cut them
         | to 3'x8' sheets and use the extra 1' as a shelf. You need the
         | 3' bench space for equipment.
         | 
         | Ikea used to make things out of real wood but they haven't in
         | years. Anything other than actual plywood will sag.
        
           | philsnow wrote:
           | What's the mdf underneath for? Would another sheet of plywood
           | (offset from the one above, for strength at joints) work
           | better, but is more expensive?
        
             | tpmx wrote:
             | I honestly prefer IKEA's lightweight honeycomb techique.
             | 
             | They're crap at surface impacts (putting a sheet of plywood
             | on top is a great idea) but really good at rigidity.
             | 
             | If only they were available in decent depth dimensions,
             | like they used to be.
        
           | myself248 wrote:
           | I cut 48x96 sheets into 48x32 benchtops, I find that ideal.
           | Deep enough to hold a lot but shallow enough to still reach
           | the shelves.
           | 
           | Use Gorilla glue to laminate a piece of thin (1/4" or 3/8")
           | ply to a piece of rigid pink foam board, with another piece
           | of thin ply on the bottom. This foam-core sandwich is stiff
           | but lightweight, acoustically dead, and very cheap. You can
           | use a ton of random objects or just a vacuum-bag to apply the
           | lamination pressure. Stick some one-by on the edge and radius
           | it with a router, and you're done.
        
         | CamperBob2 wrote:
         | What works surprisingly well are ordinary folding tables from
         | Staples/OfficeMax, bolted together with brackets for stability.
         | You can create a workbench of any desired shape, size, and
         | depth that way. Once you keep them from swaying side-to-side by
         | fastening them together, the effective load capacity goes _way_
         | up. Best of all you don 't have to feel bad about drilling into
         | them.
         | 
         | Trouble is, I don't think they sell anything but the plastic
         | ones now. Working with anything more ESD-sensitive than 6L6s is
         | a bad idea with those.
        
         | johnwalkr wrote:
         | That series has a corner piece which is very deep. I got rid of
         | it in all an international move, but I made a workbench with
         | two of those desks one wall, a corner piece and then one more
         | desk on the adjacent wall. It was nice to have enough space for
         | keeping multiple projects out and felt deep enough in the
         | corner for a PC and monitor. I like that it's very configurable
         | too, you can put legs instead of storage units where you want
         | more legroom.
        
       | gaudat wrote:
       | This is some unpopular opinion but please, do not buy extra
       | components thinking that you will use it in some extrea projects.
       | Only buy components that your current design needs. It's even
       | better if you can get a board house to assemble them before it
       | arrives at your desk. Otherwise it is the beginning of the fall
       | to a hoarder life.
       | 
       | Except if you are playing in RF or some black magic where
       | simulation does not cut it...
        
         | rescbr wrote:
         | What? Nooooo, you must buy enough components for future
         | projects to qualify for free shipping.
        
         | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
         | I prefer to buy components I need, but buy enough extras to
         | deal with failures or losses easily. E.g. if I'm buying SMD
         | resistors (of reasonably common value & package like 4k7 in
         | 0402) I buy at least 100, even if I only need 10. That way when
         | I inevitably drop one or send one flying by forgetting to turn
         | down the hot air flow I can just grab another. And 100 costs
         | $0.56, 10 costs $0.14, so there's not much point trying to save
         | money. When I run out of a cut tape of 100, I know I've used
         | enough of them and I just buy a reel of 10,000 for $15-20.
         | Lifetime supply, easy tracking.
         | 
         | That obviously doesn't apply to the more expensive components.
        
         | nerpderp82 wrote:
         | This is not good advice. If you are just doing paint-by-numbers
         | projects, sure. But they usually come with the parts. Being
         | blocked on a lack of parts is not a good use of your time.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | A nice selection of jellybean components is a must though, but
         | don't bother with all kinds of silicon that you may never use.
        
         | runtime_blues wrote:
         | This is often impractical when shipping costs more than the
         | components.
         | 
         | Yeah, there are things you shouldn't be buying "just in case" -
         | for example, a stash of SoCs will age faster than you can use
         | them - but definitely buy a hundred of common capacitors, such
         | as 100 nF, 1 uF, or 10 uF, rather than buying them one-by-one.
         | 
         | You generally don't need a complete set of all standard
         | resistances or capacitances - there are precious few circuits
         | where you need precisely 47 pF and 6.8 kO - but there's plenty
         | of stuff that goes into almost every single project you build.
         | Battery clips, 100 O / 1k / 10k resistors, 100 nF / 1 uF / 10
         | uF decoupling caps, LEDs, PCB-mount switches...
        
       | danaos wrote:
       | > Rigol DS1054Z Digital Oscilloscope
       | 
       | Interesting as I'm considering buying a scope. Does this still
       | give the most bang for your buck in 2023? Many online commenters
       | mention the Siglent SDS1104X-E as a more modern alternative.
        
         | contingencies wrote:
         | The key differences: the screen is a bit better on the Siglent,
         | Rigol makes you go through a stupid unlock routine to get your
         | features, but (and this is the killer) Rigol has LXI
         | (scriptable ethernet control) whereas the Siglent only appears
         | to have a web-based remote control mechanism - substantially
         | inferior IMHO.
        
         | jimnotgym wrote:
         | Or you can buy an old crt one for PS10 and see if you have use
         | for a scope before you commit. They do take up more room
         | though!
        
           | danaos wrote:
           | No way I could find anything at PS10. Do you have any
           | examples to share?
        
         | jleahy wrote:
         | It's not going to be a popular opinion due to the 10x
         | difference in price, but I think the Rohde & Schwarz RTB2004 is
         | one of the best hobbyist class scopes you can get (in terms of
         | bang/buck).
        
           | crote wrote:
           | A $2000 scope is going _way_ beyond hobbyist, though. Heck,
           | for most people a $350 DS1054Z is already hard to justify!
        
       | penguin_booze wrote:
       | I used be an ameteur electronics enthusiast. When I was young, I
       | used to assemble trivial circuits (dancing lights etc.): I could
       | go to an electronics shop. They used to sell hobby kits for
       | simple, accessible, devices. The kit had circuit layout,
       | component list, labels, what goes where and all. I then assembled
       | them per the layout ("this leg of the transistor goes to the left
       | leg of the capacitor"). It worked - I used to be quite pleased
       | with myself, and used to show that off to other people. No
       | mentors; no one to consult on my doubts. I was "self-made".
       | 
       | But the thing is that I never had a clear idea of how it worked;
       | or, if some parts were broken, how to identify _what_ was broken
       | (other than, of course, sniffing for burned smell or charred look
       | on the PCB). That condition is what I now realize as being unable
       | to reason about the circuit at hand. As in, how would I arrive at
       | that circuit by myself - being able to point at components and
       | say,  "this guy does this, and the other guy does this, and
       | voila, we've dancing light".
       | 
       | I can name individual components and stuff, and can wave my hands
       | and say what it does individually. The fact that I can't compose
       | a circuit from scratch still gets me. Does anyone have any
       | suggestions as to how one can build an intuitive understanding
       | and a mental model?
       | 
       | EDIT: it just occurred to me "dancing lights" are called Astable
       | Multivibrator! We were taught this at school, _after_ I built
       | them. Oh, I still can remember how smug I felt!
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | > Does anyone have any suggestions as to how one can build an
         | intuitive understanding and a mental model?
         | 
         | LTSpice is useful for analog electronics. You can simulate and
         | see all the waveforms at all the nodes. You can see what small
         | capacitors are doing.
        
         | bosunknows wrote:
         | Have you seen Spintronics? I'm an EE by training (not
         | professionally) and I've found it super useful to have a fresh
         | mental model for circuits. Not perfect probably, but
         | interesting.
         | 
         | Good discussion from a while ago:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27222457
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | I've spent some 40 years learning electronics. Started with the
         | hydraulic analogy, but didn't really have any deep
         | understanding. In college they made us do a physics lab with an
         | ocope and RC circuits, and I was miserably. Who cares if you
         | can use discrete components to make a curve when you have a
         | 486?
         | 
         | Years later I landed on a team of makers and started to work on
         | ambitious projects- various high power LEDs, motion control
         | systems, etc. This is where my gap in knowledge- especially wrt
         | high power electronics, diodes, and any chip-based component-
         | became a real problem. So I built ambitious stuff and when it
         | didn't work, or was flaky, I'd show it to somebody who knew
         | electronics deeply and they'd explain whatever the next thing
         | on my list to learn was- pull-up resistors, constant current
         | supplies, MOSFETs to control high power devices, connecting up
         | an SPI bus between a microcontroller and sensor, schmitt
         | triggers, bias, etc.
         | 
         | I got really good at making small repros of larger projects,
         | handing them to somebody, having them solve the basic problem,
         | then taking the learnign from the repo and putting it into the
         | real project.
         | 
         | Eventually, after doing that a lot I was able to to read Art of
         | Electronics and got a lot more out of it. most recently I was
         | building a custom circuit to drive a vacuum tube and had some
         | problems, and somebody mentioned Spice. So i got LTSpice and
         | put my circuit in, and learned just enough to have it spit out
         | what I was seeing in real-life on my oscope. OH MY GOD, it was
         | a revelation. The simulation produced exactly what I saw and I
         | quickly debugged the problems. This has always been true- if I
         | have a simulation, I can learn to intuit how things work faster
         | than if I have to assemble them manually.
         | 
         | My mental model now is all about modularity- building the
         | individual bits of a larger circuit, debugging those, then
         | integrating them together. There are so many details in analog
         | that you have to be aware of; if you're missing a pull-up
         | resistor or a schmitt trigger or have too much EMI, you might
         | get it to work 30% of the time or have to do bounce elimination
         | in software.
         | 
         | Another thing to be aware of is in the past 20-30 years, a lot
         | of discrete components gained alternatives that were chip-based
         | and move a lot of the smarts into the chip. Sure, you can build
         | an H-bridge from components to make a bidirectional motor
         | driver. But that motor driver from Pololu has decades of
         | intelligence about driving motors- and reverse polarity
         | protection (I plug things in backwards all the time) and self-
         | limiting (if you push too much power, it shuts down, instead of
         | frying). I've had problems with components that could have been
         | solved by an EE.
         | 
         | I don't know if I could actually design any non-trivial
         | circuit, but then, what exactly do you need to design today?
         | Most of the work is in identifying what your problem is, then
         | finding the existing solutions.
        
         | StingyJelly wrote:
         | It's a bit like scripting in python vs C on limiting hardware.
         | Even some people with fresh EE degree struggle with this.
         | Modern design often heavily focuses on simulation and reusing
         | the company's IP blocks. Companies try to push for this
         | approach despite the inefficiencies exactly because they can
         | then hire those fresh "unripe" engineers. Old-school engineers
         | almost always come up with better ad-hoc circuit designs
         | trough.
         | 
         | If you live near a university, you can probably sit in on
         | lectures (analog-design, analog circuits, microelectronics).
         | There are also many videos on YouTube. (If you're not really
         | interested in repairs, skip those as that is slightly different
         | skillset.) One really good channel is Sam Ben Yaakov's
         | https://www.youtube.com/@sambenyaakov
         | 
         | Developing a mental model of circuits also takes practice. The
         | practice can mean simulation or playing with an oscilloscope
         | and components on a breadboard but you need the feedback loop:
         | designing/tweaking the circuit, checking if the behavior
         | matches your expectation, finding what you missed if there's
         | something wrong. Start with simple circuits and gradually work
         | your way up to more complex ones.
        
           | penguin_booze wrote:
           | I'm in two minds whether I should probably give electronics
           | another go, and with that, investing in devices like a power
           | supply and oscilloscope.
           | 
           | Also, I had watched some videos from Behzad Razavi.
        
         | ploxiln wrote:
         | I think you just have to start: have an idea for something
         | slightly different than any of your kits do, assemble it on a
         | breadboard, go through the pain of troubleshooting it (and
         | maybe working-around issues you can't quite solve directly).
         | After that, blog posts and youtube videos about other people's
         | little projects will be of more value, you'll be able to really
         | think about the circuit they designed in a different way, it'll
         | have some concrete ideas in your brain to make connections to.
         | 
         | (This is how I think about software too fwiw. Start trying to
         | write something on your own, then study the technical detail
         | after, the technical detail will have something to relate to
         | instead of just floating abstractly away. Then try to apply it
         | yourself again, you'll probably be excited to use it at that
         | point.)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | The way to overcome that is to start off with broken gear and
         | to repair it. You'll be forced bit by bit to understand how the
         | circuits work. It helps if there is a schematic and if there
         | isn't then you'll have to trace the circuit yourself which will
         | help even more in building up a mental model. Of course this
         | all presumes that there is a circuit worth examining to begin
         | with, more often than not these days you'd be looking at a
         | bunch of custom made chips and a few external components too
         | large to fit into the chip which itself contains a
         | microprocessor and a bunch of software to do the heavy lifting.
         | 
         | But pick up an 80's tape recorder or amplifier that's busted
         | and you're going to have fun learning. Start on the simplest
         | stuff you can find and work your way up from there.
        
         | szundi wrote:
         | I have learned electronics and now can design gps trackers and
         | other equipments by myself after these: - eevblog (youtube),
         | particularly the "fundamental fridays" episodes - Andreas
         | Spiess (youtube) - different topics looked up mentioned on
         | these
        
         | georgeoliver wrote:
         | Give the book Practical Electronics for Inventors a try.
        
           | penguin_booze wrote:
           | Will do. I had picked up that from a link from one of the
           | earlier comments.
        
             | nerpderp82 wrote:
             | This book will get you farther faster than The Art of
             | Electronics.
        
         | reaperman wrote:
         | As a hobbyist, the transformation for me came when I started
         | using (and then purchased) an oscilloscope. My dad always made
         | me think they were not helpful to hobbyists but nothing about
         | electronics made sense until I could see the electricity.
         | 
         | That and calculus-based Physics 2 in college.
        
         | Wherecombinator wrote:
         | I've built two RE 303s and 1 Dinsync Gilbert and not really
         | have a clue how they worked. It's just been paint by numbers.
         | Hoping to actually understand what's going on in the next few
         | months.
         | 
         | This guy Moritz Klein has a YouTube channel explaining the
         | wizardry behind analog synths:
         | 
         | https://youtube.com/@MoritzKlein0
         | 
         | I've watched the VCO one and it helped in my understanding but
         | I still need to breadboard it to fully grasp it.
         | 
         | He has a collaboration with Erica synths that not only results
         | in a cool euro rack synth but also provides a explanatory
         | manual. This coupled with the YouTube videos I think will help
         | in my understanding of circuitry.
         | 
         | https://www.ericasynths.lv/shop/diy-kits-1/mki-x-esedu-diy-s...
        
         | jakewins wrote:
         | I have (had? getting better!) this same issue, and it really
         | killed excitement of electronics for me for a long time.
         | 
         | I asked @theacodes on here this same question, on a post they'd
         | written that like.. actually got into "ok, I'm putting this
         | capacitor here, because it's gonna do <x> for me, another way I
         | could do the same thing is..", and their reply is here:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33484848
         | 
         | I do think there'd be a lot of value in blog or youtube series
         | of experienced circuit designers showing how they approach
         | things, why and how they pick components etc, it's a great way
         | to learn. The blog post that HN thread is about is really good
         | as an example.
         | 
         | I've had several people recommend "The Art of Electronics" as a
         | reference for circuits building as well, but haven't read it
         | yet
        
           | penguin_booze wrote:
           | Are there any YT series that are worthy of mention?
           | 
           | I think I've a PDF copy of The Art of Electronics. One day...
        
             | szundi wrote:
             | Eevblog
        
           | tuatoru wrote:
           | _The Art of Electronics_ is useful as a _reference_ ,
           | certainly.
           | 
           | Using it to learn circuit design (just at the schematic
           | level, still) would take serious effort (hundreds of hours)
           | and would be far more effective if done with a skilled
           | instructor.
           | 
           | There used to be simpler, smaller books that showed a
           | simplified design process for circuit building blocks.
           | 
           | Rod Elliott's website, sound-au.com, has an extensive section
           | on "theory" at the hobbyist level[1]. If you use it, please
           | donate to help Rod keep the site up.
           | 
           | 1. https://sound-au.com/articles/index.htm
        
             | saboot wrote:
             | That is an amazing resource, thank you for sharing!
        
             | penguin_booze wrote:
             | Looks like an excellent resource - thanks!
        
           | xattt wrote:
           | Getting to a point of intuition means becoming a knowledge
           | expert, which is why you have diploma and degree programs in
           | various fields of electronics.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | You can get there without a diploma and a degree using
             | time, books (or youtube) and a modest quantity of tools
             | (the setup in TFA would be overkill for establishing a
             | basic knowledge about electronics).
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | > I've had several people recommend "The Art of Electronics"
           | as a reference for circuits building as well, but haven't
           | read it yet
           | 
           | It's an excellent book and highly regarded for a reason. I
           | have a pro-tip about it, though... don't feel as if you need
           | the most recent edition. The older ones are still great and
           | relevant, and buying it used will save you a few bucks.
        
       | clumsysmurf wrote:
       | I found the Inventory system interesting. I have lots of small
       | items I would like to inventory, i need something like a ECC200
       | sticker 5mm x 5mm that has a GUID. Anyone have ideas?
        
       | tomatocracy wrote:
       | This is a very comprehensive list (and the organisation is pretty
       | inspiring) but missing a few things I have personally found very
       | valuable in what I do (which involves a mixture of smallish new
       | projects and retrocomputing repairs/upgrades/etc) - main one I'd
       | mention is low melting point solder to use for desoldering larger
       | components (both plated through hole and SMD) - it took me ages
       | before I tried it and it's made a huge difference at least for
       | me. Chip Quick is the well known brand but you can get cheap
       | unbranded "bars" of it as well. I've also found desolder stations
       | much easier to get on with than solder suckers - Hakko 808 is
       | what I see recommended a lot though it's not what I have.
       | Ultimately if it's temperature controlled I think there's not
       | much to choose between them.
       | 
       | Finally there are some great very cheap logic analyzers out there
       | - modern oscilloscopes will do this too but you have to get
       | pretty high up the price list before you can make do with just
       | one device for both uses.
        
         | proee wrote:
         | Can you expand on how you use low temperature solder?
        
           | bananapub wrote:
           | review of a product of this type with a pretty good
           | explanation and demo: https://youtu.be/UmD7F0--7Lc
        
           | tomatocracy wrote:
           | The idea is that you add it into the solder already in place.
           | That in turn lowers the melting point of the mixture.
           | 
           | With a low melting point it takes a lot longer to re-solidify
           | after you heat it up which means (if you do it right) you
           | have a lot more time to work - so you can get the solder
           | mixture for all the connections on the entire component
           | liquid at the same time and just pull the component out in
           | one go without damaging the board or the component.
           | 
           | You do then need to clean it up as its a bit messy but solder
           | wick works fine for that.
        
         | prova_modena wrote:
         | Regarding desoldering tools, I also hate solder suckers and
         | instead use a mix of desoldering stations and desoldering
         | braid. I used to very heavily use desoldering tools in
         | challenging situations, such as large traces/joints covered
         | with a lot of flux residue or conformal coating. I ended up
         | working my way up the Hakko desoldering line and developed some
         | opinions.
         | 
         | The Hakko 808 is discontinued and the FR-301 seems to be the
         | current replacement. I used a FR-301 for a while and it was a
         | fine tool. I've now switched over to a FM-2024 which connects
         | to a FM-206 base station (among others). I found out that with
         | heavy use I had many more issues with the FR-301 due to the
         | longer tube between the nozzle tip and the solder capture
         | chamber. The FM-2024 has a much shorter tube and the nozzle is
         | integral with the tube. These factors make the FM-2024 more
         | reliable and easy to clean under heavy use. The FM-2024 is also
         | more lightweight and can be used with a gun or pencil grip. So
         | if you do a lot of desoldering, desolder a lot of gunky/fluxy
         | stuff, or have/want a compatible Hakko soldering station, I
         | would suggest the FM-2024 over the FR-301.
        
           | tomatocracy wrote:
           | Interesting - though for nearly PS1900+VAT for the FM-206
           | (including hot-air and soldering tools as well as desoldering
           | to be fair but excluding tips and nozzles) I'd hope it
           | performs a lot better indeed!
        
       | no-dr-onboard wrote:
       | Super clean personal site. No fluff, straight to the point. What
       | a beautiful portfolio as well.
        
       | ilyt wrote:
       | IKEA had great workbench for that, sadly I think they stopped
       | making it (I bought mine like 10+ years ago). It was bench + 2
       | shelves above as one unit
        
       | seabass-labrax wrote:
       | I have one of the more basic UNI-T multimeters and can highly
       | recommend it. It's always there when I need it (the single 9V
       | battery keeps it going for years) and has great precision.
       | 
       | One thing that I _don 't_ have - and really want to have - is a
       | variable power supply with constant voltage/current. They can be
       | used when you have an unusual battery you need to charge safely,
       | for instance. Unfortunately, they always seem inordinately
       | expensive considering that all they are inside is a few coils and
       | some ICs. I've looked into building one myself, and found the
       | very informative EEVBlog series on it[1]. However, there's one
       | thing I don't understand: how do you compensate for the voltage
       | drop over your current measuring resistor? Is it a simple linear
       | equation and you just boost the voltage accordingly? I'd love an
       | explanation!
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIGjActDeoM
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | Just buy this: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00FPU6G4E
         | worth every penny
         | 
         | the answer to your question is in Art of Electronics.
        
           | qbasic_forever wrote:
           | Yep I've had that Korad for years and it's great. I'm sure
           | there are far better power supplies out there but this one is
           | great for hacking on digital stuff and maker projects that
           | aren't demanding or sensitive to the PSU quality (which is
           | like 90% of projects).
        
         | sersnth wrote:
         | In a power supply you can sense your output voltage with a
         | differential amplifier between the positive and negative
         | outputs that way the voltage drop across your current sense
         | resistor is not included in the measured differential voltage.
         | Alternatively you can use high-side current sensing where your
         | current sense resistor is before your positive output. You can
         | also use a differential amplifier for that, but there are
         | purpose made current sense amplifiers which are probably best.
        
       | garbagecoder wrote:
       | Beautiful. In another life long ago, I was a radio repairman at a
       | truck stop. My bench did not look like that.
        
       | johnwalkr wrote:
       | Hakko FX-888D is great and appropriate with the other stuff
       | mentioned (although I prefer the older version with an analogue
       | knob for temperature control), but it's $115 and for most new
       | hobbyists a $25 pinecil or a $25 knockoff Hakko T12 is perfectly
       | adequate and miles ahead of anything you'd find in a home depot
       | for the same price.
        
       | sokoloff wrote:
       | I find "SMD Sample Books" to be a more effective
       | storage/retrieval system for SMD passives than the lidded parts
       | enclosures. I've got some of the latter, but stopped using them
       | for passives (and repurposed them for small 3-6 pin commonly used
       | parts).
       | 
       | But I have to admit that that setup is far cleaner and more
       | organized overall than my disaster of a workbench...
        
         | mwbajor wrote:
         | Its a pain to restock the books though and they store alot
         | less.
         | 
         | Buying SMD box kits that are already populated is worth the
         | cost. Like this.
         | 
         | https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/analog-technologi...
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | $625?! I'm not saying it's not worth that, for the ... _510_
           | values, _100_ of each, but who 's this advice for?
           | 
           | To a newcomer, just get some common values, and perhaps not
           | even 100 of them. Then you find out which ones you use most,
           | or a slightly less common value you're missing but use/want,
           | and restock those.
           | 
           | To anyone else, you know what you do, what you use, get that
           | - I'm not sure there's any point in generic advice.
        
       | BobTheDestroyer wrote:
       | I'm still searching for a solution to organise the hundreds
       | (thousands?) of anti-static component bags I have from the likes
       | of LCSC, Mouser, etc.
       | 
       | It's so difficult to find something that is the right size and
       | shape to hold them upright, allowing organising, sifting through
       | them to find the one I need, etc. The repackaging shown here is
       | nice, but I don't want them ultimately stuffed into a drawer, nor
       | can I see myself going to the effort - especially the part where
       | I'd need to enter them all into a database.
        
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