[HN Gopher] The regenerating power of Big Basin's redwoods
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The regenerating power of Big Basin's redwoods
        
       Author : dnetesn
       Score  : 120 points
       Date   : 2023-05-17 14:41 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (worldsensorium.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (worldsensorium.com)
        
       | whalesalad wrote:
       | Big Basin is one of my favorite places on earth. If you have
       | never been there - park down at the beach where the kite surfers
       | like to hang out and walk up that way. It is a very long hike
       | with some exposed areas at the beginning but totally worth the
       | effort. You will feel like you are in Jurassic Park.
        
         | abathur wrote:
         | Have you been since it reopened after CZU?
        
           | arbitrary_name wrote:
           | The rancho del oso entrance at waddell beach is still closed.
           | I go there regularly and they have yet to open past the
           | little visitor center building half a mile in off the
           | highway.
        
           | whalesalad wrote:
           | Haven't been since like 2015
        
         | billiam wrote:
         | Unfortunately the CZU Fire did a number on the densest parts of
         | the Skyline to Sea Trail. It is still beautiful but won't look
         | like Jurassic Park in our lifetime.
        
         | hirundo wrote:
         | For a few months at the turn of the century I lived in nearby
         | Bonny Doon and was training for a long distance hike. 3x/week
         | I'd drive to Big Basin HQ at dawn and run a loop trail through
         | the park. Those are some of the most blissful memories I have.
         | I'd been working in a Santa Clara cubical farm for years
         | leading up to that. The trail head is maybe an hour away? What
         | an amazing contrast between the corporate jungle and primeval
         | forest. Not all "forest baths" are equal, this one was quite
         | extraordinary. I hope it can recover in our life spans.
        
         | retrocryptid wrote:
         | You're talking about the "Skyline to Sea" trail. (Or the way
         | you're talking about it, it's more like "Sea to Skyline"
         | trail.) That _is_ a beautiful hike, but people should be
         | warned, it 's a 10 mile uphill trek. If you're healthy, it _is_
         | a beautiful hike. I 'm old, so it takes me most of the day to
         | make that trek.
        
           | kurthr wrote:
           | The first part is pretty flat, but 5 miles in there is some
           | real steep climbs (>15%). The total length is almost a
           | marathon, if we're talking about the same route.
           | 
           | https://www.treesandtents.com/blogpost/skyline-to-the-sea-
           | tr...
           | 
           | AllTrails also reports that it's closed (as do others).
           | 
           | https://www.alltrails.com/trail/us/california/skyline-to-
           | the...
        
         | TaylorAlexander wrote:
         | After the fire I uploaded some photos I took at the park and
         | visitor center in 2018 to a gallery here if anyone wants to
         | take a look!
         | 
         | https://imgur.com/gallery/ukxqDBf
        
         | Nicholas_C wrote:
         | This makes me sad because I moved to the Bay Area in 2021 and
         | to me Big Basin is just a large burnt out piece of land. I
         | spend a lot of time down there surfing and I don't think the
         | park has even reopened.
        
           | winkeyless wrote:
           | The park is partially reopened last year and you can
           | definitely bike or hike in without reservation
           | (https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=540). My friends and I
           | were able to ride a lot of trails but the shade is mostly
           | gone for sure.
        
           | stevenwoo wrote:
           | It is re-opened though not every trail is open. The burn
           | reached highway 1 near Pigeon Point/Ano Nuevo through Big
           | Basin. I rode my bicycle through Butano to China Grade last
           | week and went through 236 earlier this year to Boulder Creek.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | You can't walk through berry creek falls anymore, it's all
         | closed.
         | 
         | And I went to big basin when it was reopened, and it was a
         | little tragic. So many enormous, but black trunks.
         | 
         | You can see a lot of the green growth starting around the
         | trunks (shown in the article pictures), but it might not look
         | lush and green again in your lifetime.
         | 
         | That said, there is a lot of explosive growth of flowers in the
         | santa cruz mountains (watch out for the white poison oak
         | flowers)
        
         | giobox wrote:
         | I haven't been since the fire sadly, but even the drive through
         | the park and down to Santa Cruz was magnificent too - amazing
         | redwood lined curving backroad.
        
           | plussed_reader wrote:
           | I went to Sykes camp up the Pacific Ridge trail at the Big
           | Sur trail head in 2010, a year after the fires went through
           | in 2009. Everything was green, growing, and verdant but push
           | back the leaves and you'd find waxy ash everywhere. It will
           | take time.
        
             | sutro wrote:
             | Pine Ridge Trail
        
         | acchow wrote:
         | Protip: You can actually walk through Jurassic Park at Prairie
         | Creek Redwoods State Park about 5.5 hours' drive north of SF.
         | 
         | Park at Fern Canyon and walk through Fern Canyon to Fern Canyon
         | Trail, James Irvine Trail, and Clintonia and Miner's Ridge
         | Trails.
         | 
         | Fern Canyon was one of the filming locations of Jurassic Park
         | and the rest of the state park has stunning old growth redwood
         | groves.
        
       | taylorlapeyre wrote:
       | > A full regenerative process and outcome, along with reformed
       | canopies, will likely take 200 years according to the
       | Sempervirens Fund, an organization that helped create the park
       | and is exclusively dedicated to protecting to redwood forests of
       | the Santa Cruz Mountains.
       | 
       | Ecological and geological time is always a reminder of how brief
       | the human lifespan truly is. 200 years is the blink of an eye for
       | an ecosystem, but lifetimes for us. It's inspiring to see people
       | work on restorations that they will never be able to appreciate
       | in their own lives.
        
       | stevesearer wrote:
       | Related: HN led me to learn about the UK Royal Forestry Society's
       | Redwood Grove at Leighton some time ago.
       | http://www.redwoodworld.co.uk/picturepages/leighton.htm
        
         | dang wrote:
         | _Redwood World - Pictures and Locations of Redwoods in the
         | British Isles_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28047458
         | - Aug 2021 (60 comments)
        
       | thghtihadanacct wrote:
       | The ~4 feet of rain we had this season is helping quite a bit ...
       | I cant dig a hole in my back yard without hitting wet still. I
       | even doubt there are any of the smouldering roots left. Redwoods
       | are tough as long as we arent cutting them down.
        
         | tylerag wrote:
         | Redwoods are touch even when you do cut them down. The trunks
         | will put up water shoots immediately, and you'll have another
         | small tree in a couple of years. The problem is all the other
         | species that live in an old growth forest can't survive in a
         | brand new forest.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | I like how this insinuates that you are digging holes in your
         | backyard with regularity to even notice this. Otherwise, it is
         | an odd way of saying it's wet =)
        
           | thghtihadanacct wrote:
           | Its still planting season on the central coast :) I dont even
           | put tomatoes in until late April/May anymore
        
       | retrocryptid wrote:
       | I think this page plays down the importance of fire to a healthy
       | redwood ecosystem. The trees seem to depend on a fire running
       | through every so often and burning out the scrub under the
       | canopy.
       | 
       | Of course, this isn't how old-world forests work so when
       | European-Americans started building cabins en masse up in SLV in
       | the 1920's, they put them right next to large trees and we did
       | everything we could to limit fire. While there are a limited
       | number of structures in the park itself, almost 1500 structures
       | were destroyed during the CZU fire in the adjacent communities.
       | My old house was 10 miles away from the park and was across Big
       | Basin Way and Boulder Creek from neighborhoods that were
       | decimated. (TEN MILES from the park and they were still
       | decimated.)
       | 
       | We can't have the same type of design, with houses right next to
       | trees. Once you have people living up there, the likelihood you
       | can convince people to do a "controlled" burn gets pretty low.
       | Then the fuel builds up for another 100 years and it destroys
       | EVERYTHING in its path.
       | 
       | And what do you do for families whose homes were destroyed? Of
       | the nearly 1500 structures destroyed, only a handful of building
       | permits have been issued to rebuild.
       | 
       | This is a great article about how the forest survives fire, but
       | the policy and politics behind how we got to the CZU fire are
       | complex and sometimes pretty subtle.
        
         | billiam wrote:
         | >And what do you do for families whose homes were destroyed? Of
         | the nearly 1500 structures destroyed, only a handful of
         | building permits have been issued to rebuild.
         | 
         | You can't let them rebuild in place. Your points are spot on (a
         | new survey shows 1/3 of Californians live in the urban/wildland
         | interface where wildfires will destroy most dwellings) and it
         | requires new zoning, new fire legislation on fire insurance,
         | and of course the ability of people to live in higher density
         | through infill and careful planning. The cost of housing in the
         | Bay Area is a closely related problem, but the bottom line is
         | that we have to let fire move through the coastal redwoods
         | every few decades, and that means we cannot build tinderbox
         | houses right next to those groves.
        
           | retrocryptid wrote:
           | That would be extremely unpopular.
           | 
           | Say you bought a house in the suburbs. Everything's fine.
           | Then someone comes in and says "Hey. We didn't know there was
           | a problem with the soil under your home, so we're just going
           | to come in one night and destroy it. And you don't get to
           | sell it or file an insurance claim. And we're not going to
           | compensate you for it. You just need to pay off your
           | mortgage, even though we destroyed the house."
           | 
           | Changing zoning is a great idea, but alienating property
           | owners from the value of their purchase is not.
           | 
           | The only solution I can think of is eminent domain, but it's
           | structurally a little more difficult in California than
           | authoritarian states like Texas that just come in and grab
           | your house to give it to the local baseball team. So you
           | would have to pass the legislation in Sacramento to authorize
           | the creation of a special district to manage the confiscation
           | of property. Then you would have to approve the funds, cause
           | this wouldn't be an improvement district and you wouldn't be
           | funding the district from the tax on the property. Then you
           | have do the confiscation, and sheesh, the San Lorenzo Valley
           | is sort of the definition of "weird deed restrictions." And
           | once the state (or maybe the open space trust???) has the
           | land, it has to pay for remediation so the soil doesn't wash
           | away and cause landslides that cover the road in three feet
           | of mud. And you have to do all this before the next big rain
           | event so the roads don't completely wash away.
           | 
           | So... eminent domain isn't a bad idea, per se. But it's HARD.
           | 
           | (queue Jethro Tull's "Farm on the Freeway")
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | Eh, the counties where this happened in likely couldn't
             | afford to eminent domain this problem away. It's their tax
             | base they'd be nuking!
             | 
             | If it was a legitimate problem, you've described what
             | happens sometimes to folks buying homes. It's a risk of
             | ownership.
             | 
             | Could be sinkholes. Could be subsidence. Could be a toxic
             | waste dump.
             | 
             | Lawsuits fly, etc.
             | 
             | However, long term it usually boils down to aligned
             | incentives. If the people at risk had to pay for the risk
             | (either by taxes or directly), they'd either move - or
             | cover the costs and reap the good or bad consequences
             | (including bankruptcy/loss of assets).
        
             | w7b7s7 wrote:
             | The very first paragraph of this article calls logging
             | 'exploitation' -- a very common view in Santa Cruz County,
             | and also a very hypocritical one depending on the
             | proponent, considering the fact that the very same early
             | 20th Century cabins everywhere present in San Lorenzo
             | Valley were themselves commonly framed and sheathed with
             | redwood logged from the SC Mountains.
             | 
             | The damage from the CZU fires was certainly intensified by
             | man-made decisions, and most of these a result of the anti-
             | development turn Santa Cruz County took after the late
             | 1970s.
             | 
             | Two very simple and straightforward solutions to mitigate
             | destructive wildfires in the SC Mountains are to 1) allow
             | logging, and 2) stop favoring existing homes over new homes
             | when it comes to fire resistant requirements.
             | 
             | One of the reasons Santa Cruz County (or California) is in
             | the state it's in is people don't want to hear this.
             | 
             | Logging: There are tens of thousands of acres of TP (Timber
             | Production) zoned land in the Santa Cruz Mountains -- very
             | much in areas that burned -- that have been blocked from
             | logging due to years and years of environmental reviews and
             | neighbor complaints. These lands could have just simply
             | been logged. There would have been healthy trees left
             | (clear-cutting is illegal) and overall the forest would
             | have been in a much better state to resist fires. Also,
             | Santa Cruz County unfortunately allows single family homes
             | on TP-zoned parcels. So there are lots of TP-zoned parcels
             | that will never be logged as they are really now
             | residential lots in disguise. This does not help forest
             | management at all.
             | 
             | Fire resistant requirements: I'm one of the few people I
             | know that has actually built a new house on raw land in the
             | Santa Cruz Mountains in the last 10 years. It took me
             | nearly 3 years for permits alone for an 1100 sq ft single
             | story SFH built on flat ground near a public highway. This
             | type of timeframe dissuades most people from new
             | construction here. This is on purpose: it's what the county
             | and people in the county want.
             | 
             | The actual Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) building codes
             | are very straightforward and increase the cost of
             | construction by only about 10 percent. Class A shingles,
             | Type X gypsum underlayment everywhere, approved fire
             | resistant siding, fire+ember/resistant vents, tempered fire
             | resistant windows/shutters, indoor sprinkler system,
             | vegetation clearance everywhere. It was all required (and
             | inspected) for me to legally move in.
             | 
             | None of my neighbors in their 1930s/1940s homes are
             | remotely as fire ready. Remotely. Lots of the homes that
             | burned in the CZU fires were pretty distant from the fire
             | line. All it took was floating embers setting shrubs on
             | fire, and those shrubs burning and getting embers sucked
             | into a vent, and many a house became a tinderbox.
             | 
             | Yet my neighbors can sell their homes -- and there is a
             | decent amount of home sales up here still -- and not have
             | to upgrade a single thing.
             | 
             | Since wildfires don't care about whether a house has been
             | standing 1 year or 100 years, this is obviously driven by
             | politics and not fire safety.
             | 
             | There was a state law passed in 2021 that mandated that any
             | home located in a State Responsibility Area Fire Severity
             | Zone of High or Very High get a fire safety inspection and
             | approval (for vegetation clearance) before an existing home
             | sale. Updated 2022 CalFire maps have classified a good
             | amount of homes in the Santa Cruz Mountains as High or Very
             | High, so the updated maps becoming legally binding will be
             | a good first start.
             | 
             | But it's a small start.
        
               | abathur wrote:
               | > I'm one of the few people I know that has actually
               | built a new house on raw land in the Santa Cruz Mountains
               | in the last 10 years. It took me nearly 3 years for
               | permits alone for an 1100 sq ft single story SFH built on
               | flat ground near a public highway.
               | 
               | How much did this set you back? I assume you're still
               | living there? How have the fire seasons affected your
               | insurance and sense of the area's longer-term viability?
               | (I'm not in CA, but the redwoods have been stuck in my
               | head for a while now. I've spent a lot of time
               | daydreaming about moving to a few places including SLV.)
        
             | thghtihadanacct wrote:
             | Come on ... virtually all of SC county is wildlife urban
             | interface. Almost the entire perimeter of city of Santa
             | Cruz is Wildlife interface. No reason to eminent domain (we
             | aint got that money) or refuse rebuilding. Just enforce
             | fire insurance and defensible space (difficult in a forest
             | but not impossible ... you take down the fuel not the
             | trees).
        
             | rcpt wrote:
             | This isn't the suburbs. This is exurban sprawl deep into
             | the redwoods.
        
           | whyenot wrote:
           | > The cost of housing in the Bay Area is a closely related
           | problem, but the bottom line is that we have to let fire move
           | through the coastal redwoods every few decades, and that
           | means we cannot build tinderbox houses right next to those
           | groves.
           | 
           | There are very few people who actually live among the
           | redwoods. This is a problem that will take care of itself as
           | the insurance policies of those living in the most risky
           | places are canceled. This is already happening (it has
           | happened to me). A far greater risk is the number of people
           | who live in a WUI and are right next to coastal sage scrub,
           | oak woodland, and chaparral. A lot more people are affected
           | by this because these are the plant communities that ring
           | many of California's urban areas, and many of these
           | communities also regularly burn; for their health, they
           | actually need to burn.
        
           | rcpt wrote:
           | Right. LA Times has a good write up, Rebuild, Reburn
           | 
           | https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-09-27/rebuild-.
           | ..
        
           | thghtihadanacct wrote:
           | Groves? If you look at a map all that green between
           | Watsonville and the city are Redwoods. Thats the grove.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | I wonder about the area ecosystem - I think it got unbalanced
         | after the 1906 earthquake in san francisco that caused them to
         | (tragically) log all the redwoods.
         | 
         | What has grown back is groups of ~ 7 redwoods clustered around
         | the former trunk of a felled old-growth redwood. They are more
         | numerous and denser. I suspect with several trees competing,
         | there will never be the thousand-year-old ecosystem again in
         | the area.
        
         | nomel wrote:
         | > The trees seem to depend on a fire
         | 
         | This is more of a known fact [1]. But, it goes further than
         | that! In California, there are several pyrophytes [2] that
         | can't germinate without fire. [3]
         | 
         | [1] https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/giant-sequoia-needs-fire-
         | gro...
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrophyte
         | 
         | [3] https://tabletopwhale.com/img/posts/LivingWithFire.pdf
        
         | TinkersW wrote:
         | Coastal redwoods do not depend on fire. You are confusing them
         | with the giant sequoia.
        
           | javman wrote:
           | Maybe not "depend on", but "adapted to" ...
           | 
           | "Coast redwood are adapted to fire and other disturbance.
           | Seeds germinate best on mineral soil as is exposed by
           | flooding, fire, or wind throw for seed germination and
           | establishment."
           | 
           | "The fire return interval in coast redwood forests varies
           | drastically with latitude, microclimate and distance from the
           | coast. In general, forests that are further north, closer to
           | the coast, or located on mesic sites tend to burn less
           | frequently."
           | 
           | From https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/management/firemanagement
           | _fir...
        
             | retrocryptid wrote:
             | Sempervirens can reproduce without fire, but are healthier
             | with a good fire now and again. My guess is that's one of
             | the reasons the trees in big basin look sickly compared to
             | the ones up north.
             | 
             | https://fireecology.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s4240
             | 8...
        
         | thghtihadanacct wrote:
         | There are controlled burns around UCSC and towards Big Basin
         | every year. Also, not all of the 1500 structures that burned
         | were housing that needed rebuilt (think old sheds, etc)... and
         | there are few to no houses in Big Basin anyway. Those owners
         | that arent rebuilding from CZU fire have many reasons not to
         | but rarely is it because they arent allowed a permit.
        
       | sullivantrevor wrote:
       | i love this planet
        
       | QuadrupleA wrote:
       | Nice that it's growing back but still sad to see - I hiked just
       | about every mile of trail when I lived in the area. Some nice
       | memories.
        
       | 71a54xd wrote:
       | Big Basin is by far one of my favorite state parks in the entire
       | country.
       | 
       | I spent what seemed like a "brief" gap year from college working
       | for a startup in the Bay Area and spent all of my weekends hiking
       | / camping. In 2016/2017 there was a huge rain season that caused
       | washouts but I was dumb enough to drive all the way over the
       | foothills to Big Basin. It was probably unwise but I'd never seen
       | a forest explode with life like that before. Everything from the
       | moss, to grasses and ferns all almost glowed with color.
       | Mushrooms erupted from the ground almost anywhere you looked. And
       | new waterways had recently cut through the forest. It was an
       | incredible sight to witness first-hand.
       | 
       | I was into hiking before, but my time in Big Basin was a low-key
       | religious experience. It was the first time I truly looked at a
       | beautiful forest and thought to myself "why on earth would you
       | cut all of this down to build ugly tract homes?"
       | 
       | I'm sad to hear about the CZU fires in 2020, however I'm of the
       | opinion that fires happen and no ecosystem is intended to exist
       | as we experience it forever. As I've gotten older, I've found
       | memories I can no longer physically revisit in the same condition
       | are some of my strongest and most cherished. That said, I hope
       | conservationist can help support the forest as it heals.
        
         | soperj wrote:
         | Redwoods are serotinous. They literally depend on fire to
         | propagate. Fire suppression is actually one of the main threats
         | to the species.
        
           | imagainstit wrote:
           | Coast redwoods (sequoia sempervirens) are not serotinous.
           | Giant sequoia (sequoiadendron giganteum) are, but that's not
           | what's in Big Basin.
           | 
           | Coast redwoods propagate by stump sprouting and seeds which
           | don't require fire. Fire is important in their ecosystem for
           | clearing out fuel but is not at all required for
           | reproduction.
           | 
           | https://ucanr.edu/sites/forestry/California_forests/http___u.
           | ..
        
       | jeron wrote:
       | I love riding my motorcycle through the mountains of Santa Cruz
       | through Big Basin. The way the Redwoods surround you is just
       | incredible, and the fresh air is just as regenerative as the
       | trees themselves
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-05-17 23:00 UTC)