[HN Gopher] The Mysterious 50 Ohm Impedance: Where It Came from ...
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       The Mysterious 50 Ohm Impedance: Where It Came from and Why We Use
       It (2021)
        
       Author : amelius
       Score  : 97 points
       Date   : 2023-05-28 19:50 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (resources.altium.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (resources.altium.com)
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | 300 ohms is also very common in applications which use
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin-lead
        
         | myself248 wrote:
         | For even lower loss, ladder-line is available in 450 ohms.
        
           | kmbfjr wrote:
           | Which is the only replaceman open-wire feeder at 600 ohms.
           | They don't make it any longer, you're on your own to
           | construct it or make-do with ladder line.
        
             | howard941 wrote:
             | Yes you can definitely build your own ladder line. The
             | insulators are available. But it's probably easier to use
             | window line [0] instead.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.trueladderline.com/blog/window-line-open-
             | wire-fe...
        
       | mordae wrote:
       | The article is not that good, but whatever.
       | 
       | I am new to electronics myself and quite fascinated how has the
       | art progressed in the past hundred or so years. There are people
       | remembering "we were doing it wrong". Incredible.
       | 
       | Anyway, if you are interested in signals traveling inside those
       | cute green multi-GHz boards you make your living off, go watch
       | Rick Hartley.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySuUZEjARPY (How to Achieve
       | Proper Grounding)
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QG0Apol-oj0 (What your
       | Differential Pairs Wish You Knew)
        
         | kurthr wrote:
         | I like Rick. At least they got that it was the original coax
         | cables that drove it. Then once you have lots of measurement
         | equipment and cables, it's hard to change (even SMA is 50ohm).
         | 
         | You can still get 75ohm BNC cables (close to 77) and 93ohms
         | (and I think some 150/300ohm antenna cables?). Once you get
         | over a few GHz all the inputs are balanced differential anyway
         | and you have T networks to optimize power reflection.
         | 
         | It doesn't mention at all that free space impedance that
         | matters a lot to actual aerial antenna design is 377ohms. I
         | don't know enough about it, but assume they're using
         | transformers to balance loads (about 300ohms?).
        
         | bowsamic wrote:
         | Electronics has and likely always will feel like arcane magic
         | to me
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | High-speed digital and RF are more "magical" than a lot of
           | other forms of electronics. It is quite a bit more
           | approachable if you limit yourself to ~200 MHz signals at
           | most, then you don't really have to worry about the RF
           | properties of your circuits as long as you keep the wires
           | pretty short.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | nomel wrote:
           | It's a beautiful demonstration of how increasing one
           | parameter (frequency) can successively invalidate whatever
           | model you're using for the system, where negligible errors in
           | the model eventually become functional circuit components.
        
           | akiselev wrote:
           | That's why one of the best books on high speed digital
           | electronics is titled _High Speed Digital Design: A Handbook
           | of Black Magic_ [1]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.amazon.com/High-Speed-Digital-Design-
           | Handbook/dp...
        
           | timemct wrote:
           | Especially when you think about what electronics are made of:
           | things mined from the earth. They made rocks compute for us!
        
             | charcircuit wrote:
             | Where else would they come from, the moon? It's to be
             | expected that for large scale products like computers to be
             | made from common materials.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | al2o3cr wrote:
           | My favorite bit of "electronics magic":
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PD7DzTIFJdU
           | 
           | (this has more to do with TFA and impedance-in-general than
           | might meet the eye at first glance)
        
           | BenFranklin100 wrote:
           | Get this book:
           | 
           | https://www.opencircuitsbook.com/
           | 
           | It's a book featuring macro photographs of cut-aways of
           | electronic components. It's the first book that helped me
           | really think of electronic components as a physical things
           | whose function followed from physical principles, rather than
           | an arcane collection of various bits of black magic strung
           | together.
        
             | CliffStoll wrote:
             | Windell Oskay & Eric Schlaepfer's book has brilliant
             | photographs and insightful text ... a coffee table book to
             | delight any techie. They slice through connectors,
             | semiconductors, and components ... showing the wonderful
             | microscopic world of everyday electronics. A real joy!
        
       | fxtentacle wrote:
       | Just a quick comment on the product, since this it effectively an
       | ad for Altium.
       | 
       | They typically present themselves as the most popular solution,
       | but they also very clearly out-price any hobbyist at $10k for a
       | perpetual licence. Their "hobby" version CircuitStudio lacks
       | critical features and has 0 support and 0 updates and the forums
       | are just crickets. But KiCad is free, open source, and looks
       | similar enough that I had a great time following the Altium
       | tutorials by Rick Hartley with it.
       | 
       | In my opinion, that also invalidates their claim that Altium is
       | the most commonly used PCB design software, because there likely
       | are 100x more hobbyists using KiCad than people able to spend
       | $10k on a hobby.
       | 
       | It seems to me like Altium is developing like Eagle. They used to
       | court the makers and hobbyists and then greatly profited when
       | those people started working. But now both of them are mostly in
       | the business of milking companies who have existing data in their
       | proprietary file format.
        
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       (page generated 2023-05-28 23:00 UTC)