[HN Gopher] How A Supernova Explodes (1985) [pdf]
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       How A Supernova Explodes (1985) [pdf]
        
       Author : rwmj
       Score  : 61 points
       Date   : 2023-06-16 20:55 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (astro.uconn.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (astro.uconn.edu)
        
       | pixel_tracing wrote:
       | Fun fact: Betelgeuse has been predicted to go supernova in our
       | lifetimes. There is usually a live stream on YouTube you can
       | observe of Betelgeuse
        
         | throwbadubadu wrote:
         | What is the real one? Too many "happening now" :/
        
         | kristianc wrote:
         | The problem is that it could also happen at any time in the
         | next 10,000 to 100,000 years.
        
           | irrational wrote:
           | But, it could also happen tomorrow! I do hope it happens
           | tomorrow, because that would be so cool.
        
         | Sharlin wrote:
         | That's not a very accurate way of saying "it could go supernova
         | anytime in the next 100,000 years" meaning that it almost
         | certainly won't go during our lifetimes. Unless we'll live for
         | a long time which of course is not entirely out of the
         | question.
         | 
         | Also, I'm pretty sure there's no non-fake live stream of
         | Betelgeuse on Youtube because it would require several robotic
         | telescopes around the world programmed to coordinate and stream
         | from wherever it's a) night and b) Betelgeuse in the sky.
        
         | shagie wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betelgeuse#Media_reporting
         | 
         | > Due to misunderstandings caused by the 2009 publication of
         | the star's 15% contraction, apparently of its outer atmosphere,
         | Betelgeuse has frequently been the subject of scare stories and
         | rumors suggesting that it will explode within a year, and
         | leading to exaggerated claims about the consequences of such an
         | event. The timing and prevalence of these rumors have been
         | linked to broader misconceptions of astronomy, particularly to
         | doomsday predictions relating to the Mayan calendrical
         | apocalypse. Betelgeuse is not likely to produce a gamma-ray
         | burst and is not close enough for its X-rays, ultraviolet
         | radiation, or ejected material to cause significant effects on
         | Earth.
         | 
         | > Following the dimming of Betelgeuse in December 2019, reports
         | appeared in the science and mainstream media that again
         | included speculation that the star might be about to explode as
         | a supernova - even in the face of scientific research that a
         | supernova is not expected for perhaps 100,000 years. Some
         | outlets reported the magnitude as faint as +1.3 as an unusual
         | and interesting phenomenon, like Astronomy magazine, the
         | National Geographic, and the Smithsonian.
         | 
         | > Phil Plait, in his Bad Astronomy blog, noting that
         | Betelgeuse's recent behaviour, "[w]hile unusual . . . isn't
         | unprecedented," argued that the star is not likely to explode
         | "for a long, long time." Dennis Overbye of The New York Times
         | agreed that an explosion was not imminent but added that
         | "astronomers are having fun thinking about it.
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | Evolutionary tracks for Betelgeuse
         | https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.3143v2
         | 
         | > The best-fit MESA model left the main sequence about 10e6
         | yrs. ago, while for the EG model it was only about 3 x 10e5
         | years ago. Both models reached the base of the RGB about 40,000
         | years ago. We followed the star through the final ex- haustion
         | of core helium burning in both codes, followed by brief epochs
         | of core-carbon, neon, oxygen and silicon burning until core
         | collapse and super-nova an age of 8.5 Myr since the ZAMS for
         | the MESA code. Our best guess is that the star will supernova
         | in less than ~ 100, 000 yrs (even longer in the EG model). We
         | note, however, that there error ellipse encompasses the entire
         | track so that the star could be further along in its evolution.
         | The constraint that it has passed the first dredge-up, however,
         | means that the star is ascending the RSG phase. Our result is
         | based upon mass loss from the base of the RGB is therefore a
         | lower limit to how far it has evolved as a RSG.
        
       | OldGuyInTheClub wrote:
       | Repeating this recommendation from a recent comment thread
       | involving the Bethe/Brown article[0].
       | 
       | Youtuber "But Why?" has a very nicely animated explanation of the
       | current state of affairs of core-collapse supernovae at
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yt-SBT7nNfU
       | 
       | [0] Comment section of
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36362770
        
         | ramraj07 wrote:
         | Thanks, always on the lookout for new supernova YouTube videos,
         | which surprisingly there are very few of which explain actual
         | details as opposed to the drivel that is kurzgesagt. Many of
         | these Popsci videos are even straight out wrong, they'll say
         | crap like the core produces one neutrino per proton - like the
         | math doesn't even add up dudes. Your video finally explains why
         | there's so many neutrinos produced.
         | 
         | Your video perfectly complements the two others I love. I'd say
         | the perfect watching order would be to first see the general
         | supernova discussion by launch pad astronomy[1], followed by
         | your suggestion, then the "how to build a black hole" by pbs
         | space time [2].
         | 
         | 1. https://youtu.be/RZkR9zdUv-E
         | 
         | 2. https://youtu.be/xx4562gesw0
        
           | OldGuyInTheClub wrote:
           | I enjoy Launch Pad's detailed look at things, as well. But, I
           | also like Kurzgesagt. There's something about the pacing and
           | editing of PBS videos that I find hard to watch for long
           | periods of time. No qualms about the content, it seems like
           | they edit out all the pauses.
        
             | ramraj07 wrote:
             | I'm not a fan of Kurzgesagt at all unfortunately. I'm not a
             | physicist so I'll say maybe there's some justification that
             | I don't fathom that explains why their fundamental
             | explanation of the science is so terrible.
             | 
             | But I am a biologist and I can assure you a good load of
             | videos they make on it are at best not great explanations
             | or at worst fundamentally unsubstantiated drivel. Like
             | their latest one about how your body "kills cancers every
             | day". I went through their massive google doc "evidence"
             | and as suspected not a single real reference to any proof
             | that this is true. It COULD be true, but it's not proven.
             | I'm not even sure the evidence we have is actually pointing
             | towards this direction. If it's true that your immune
             | system clears cancers every day, then immunosuppression
             | should instantly plunge you into cancer. Does it? Not
             | really. May be some blood cancers but that's it.
             | 
             | Point is, they show shiny videos explaining almost
             | plausible sounding scientific concepts. But often it's
             | still michio kaku level sensationalism. I personally
             | believe this disingenuousness is the root cause of
             | degradation in trust in science. The average person does
             | have the ability to sniff bullshit and it eventually
             | catches up to them in their mind that these scientists have
             | no idea what they're talking about (like my observation
             | that these videos say there's one neutron per proton in a
             | supernova; I could instantly smell something rotten).
        
       | Eliezer wrote:
       | I miss reading things like this.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | I miss having the patience to read things like this too.
        
       | guender wrote:
       | [dead]
        
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