[HN Gopher] Intelligent people take longer to solve hard problem...
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       Intelligent people take longer to solve hard problems: study
        
       Author : Brajeshwar
       Score  : 175 points
       Date   : 2023-06-22 16:25 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (bigthink.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (bigthink.com)
        
       | wizeman wrote:
       | > needed more time to solve challenging tasks but made fewer
       | errors [1]
       | 
       | As someone else said, I can solve problems very quickly if the
       | solutions don't have to be correct...
       | 
       | But more seriously, it seems like different people might have
       | different thresholds for when they consider a problem solved?
       | 
       | If you decide to go back and review the problem and solution
       | (even just mentally) to make sure you didn't make mistakes, of
       | course that would take longer and give you more correct answers
       | than the person who doesn't do that?
       | 
       | [1] https://www.bihealth.org/en/notices/intelligent-brains-
       | take-...
        
       | pcurve wrote:
       | I don't claim to be intelligent, but I do dread doing group
       | brainstorming sessions using Post-it notes because it takes me
       | time to think about the problem.
       | 
       | I'm usually the the guy in the group with the fewest notes. I've
       | rarely see anything useful come out of these sessions, even
       | though I've participated in hundreds of these with different
       | people, companies, and settings.
        
         | jamesdelaneyie wrote:
         | Your goal during the ideation phase of those workshops should
         | be to output as many post its as possible in the given time.
         | Output the bad ideas quickly and you'll move along to better
         | ideas much faster when you're not humming and hawing over one
         | post it. You have to be ok with looking slightly crazy however
         | and not mind being linked to your poor ideas.
        
         | lanstin wrote:
         | Yeah, I'll have no answer the first day of mulling over a
         | complex problem, but often I'll have an excellent answer the
         | next day.
         | 
         | It's worked well for my own work, but sometimes people are
         | surprised that the slow seeming person, me, has useful ideas.
        
       | feiszli wrote:
       | Oh wow I must be a genius...
        
       | dimal wrote:
       | This must be why I can't do well in any coding interviews. I'm
       | just too damn smart.
        
         | pschuegr wrote:
         | Yep. Going to mention that next time. "I'm too smart to solve
         | this quickly, can I get back to you next week?"
        
       | jawns wrote:
       | A while back, I created an online experiment, based on a 2020
       | study, that identifies dogmatic thinking.
       | 
       | https://shaungallagher.pressbin.com/blog/dogmatism.html
       | 
       | Without giving too much away, this tracks with the 2023 study's
       | results, in that people with higher intelligence scores are less
       | likely to trust their System 1 gut reaction and more likely to
       | involve their System 2 deliberate, logical processes.
        
         | abathur wrote:
         | > people with higher intelligence scores are less likely to
         | trust their System 1 gut reaction and more likely to involve
         | their System 2 deliberate, logical processes
         | 
         | Amusingly, I mistrust my attention and visual ~memory so much
         | that I reasoned I would find the "easier" task just as hard
         | unless it was literally like 1 vs 3 dots, or unless it stayed
         | up so long that I could count (maybe harder, since I'd likely
         | get more annoyed at myself for missing questions I believed to
         | be easier). I ignored this option because I was fairly sure
         | it'd just mostly waste 200 points.
         | 
         | I went back after completing to check out this option and don't
         | feel like it made the task noticeably easier (to me).
        
         | carabiner wrote:
         | Have you read Superforecasting? One conclusion they had was
         | that very partisan thinkers, basically dogmatic, were the worst
         | at predicting future events, and it didn't matter _what_ that
         | dogma was. Liberal or conservative or anti big business or
         | whatever. All of the really good forecasters were relentlessly
         | fact based and spent a huge amount of time diving deeply into
         | facts, and microfacts that supported facts. It sounded
         | exhausting and one of the author 's takeaways was "the world is
         | enormously complex" and that most of us don't know anything
         | about anything (hello gelman amnesia).
        
           | vorpalhex wrote:
           | This is funny because I've heard this from the opposite
           | approach: using forecast accuracy to determine personal model
           | accuracy.
           | 
           | If you can accurately predict the future above random chance,
           | that lends evidence that your internal state aligns with
           | reality.
           | 
           | (There are obviously traps here, eg the conspiracy theorist
           | who sees every outcome as proof of the conspiracy)
        
         | Verdex wrote:
         | Neat experiment. Although, I was able to guess a higher than
         | average number of dots correctly, I wonder if I would feel
         | differently had I been under the average.
         | 
         | The explanation given at the end is interestingly to me.
         | However, consider the following alternate: People more likely
         | to answer honestly that they view others opinions as wrong or
         | immoral (ie they would appear to have dogmatic thinking) are
         | also people who consider the easy dot guesses as cheating and
         | desire to avoid cheating. Whereas people who are more likely to
         | want to win the dot guessing by any means are also more likely
         | to lie about their negative views about the opinions of others.
        
           | bobsoap wrote:
           | I don't think you can infer that a person answers a 10-minute
           | anonymous online quiz more honestly because they refuse to
           | take a hint out of principle.
           | 
           | It would be a stretch to consider the hints cheating; they
           | are an integral part of the game, they are clearly explained
           | and carry a penalty if used.
        
         | SamPatt wrote:
         | That was fun, I scored lower (2.1) dogmatism and higher on the
         | test (840), which they claim supports their hypothesis.
         | 
         | In day to day life the major difference I notice in terms of
         | speed and intelligence personally is that I'm often slow to
         | respond to questions.
         | 
         | It didn't even occur to me to be self-conscious about this
         | until eventually a friend pointed it out, but he kindly framed
         | it as "you think before you speak" and this seems to have
         | served me well.
        
           | mordae wrote:
           | I had 3.4 and similar number of points as you. The questions
           | don't really work that well.
           | 
           | E.g. the healthcare one doesn't work for my country where
           | universal healthcare is a law and thus State truly has duty
           | to provide it and anyone who believes otherwise is
           | objectively wrong.
           | 
           | I have also received more points for being "dogmatic" in that
           | having strong opinion (that is different than mine of
           | "neutral") on migration is a bad person.
        
             | bobsoap wrote:
             | Just because something is the current status quo in your
             | country doesn't mean you can't have a different opinion. I
             | think the question is perfectly valid no matter where you
             | live.
             | 
             | The irony is, faulting the question because "that's just
             | the way it is here" beautifully illustrates the exact
             | premise of the experiment. I'd say that explains a 3.4
             | score (at least in this game).
        
         | antisthenes wrote:
         | No offense, but the experiment is nonsense.
         | 
         | What makes you think there's any relationship between visual
         | recognition and dogmatism?
         | 
         | Even your own results only show a 2.5% difference between the
         | most dogmatic and least dogmatic participants, assuming they
         | even answered the dogmatic portion of the test truthfully and
         | thoughtfully. I can't see how that amounts to anything more
         | than a statistical error.
         | 
         | Just in case, my score was 940/3.0, although again, I don't see
         | anything to show there should be any relation.
        
           | kaechle wrote:
           | The test states at the end that dogmatism is measured based
           | on the answers to a subset of the questions--the game is
           | simply a correlate.
        
         | KennyBlanken wrote:
         | A 2% difference in scores between the most and least dogmatic
         | users means your test complete hogwash.
         | 
         | Your refusal to provide any data beyond averages is very
         | telling. My guess is that there's a very wide distribution of
         | scores, little trend, and very little correlation.
        
         | MSFT_Edging wrote:
         | I definitely got more dogmatic, but I also find it interesting
         | because I scan visual stuff really fast, and typically notice
         | things a while before people, ie while driving I'll spot a
         | slick-top cop far ahead. So I have a lot of trust in my visual
         | acuity. I got a score of 900 without trying the easy one.
         | 
         | The latter part of the test was 100% incriminating and I think
         | I am quite dogmatic.
        
         | alwaysbeconsing wrote:
         | I will come back to try this later, but I skimmed it and just
         | wanted to say that the third button gave me a good laugh.
        
         | wodenokoto wrote:
         | > This might be because the least dogmatic participants were
         | more willing to view the easier version of the challenge when
         | they were initially uncertain.
         | 
         | Can't you test that hypothesis, or do you not have the data?
         | 
         | I also find it super annoying that one of the buttons to choose
         | left is on the right and vice versa.
        
         | mcint wrote:
         | This link would better serve you and the community as a top-
         | level post. I guess you did share it 2 years ago, though it
         | looks like commenting is now closed.
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26620690
         | 
         | Share it again! The iron is hot!
         | 
         | I find the initial paragraphs of analysis rather insistent, one
         | might say _dogmatic_ , in their praise of _non-dogmatism_. Some
         | later paragraphs express my immediate response: perhaps this
         | dogmatism varies based on your relationship to your current
         | information environment.
         | 
         | I'll suggest that consideration of these numbers might be
         | better supported by _tables_ to show participant and average
         | numbers, and invite comparisons.
        
       | kstrauser wrote:
       | Problem: I need to typeset a book.
       | 
       | Normal person: _typesets the book_
       | 
       | Knuth: _takes a decade to solve book typesetting once and for
       | all_
       | 
       | I wonder if the intelligent people tend to solve more general
       | problem classes and then apply that to the specific problem at
       | hand.
        
       | entropicgravity wrote:
       | Ah, that's my problem with the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.
        
       | fxtentacle wrote:
       | Extremely misleading title, in my opinion.
       | 
       | Let me quote the actual research at
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-38626-y :
       | 
       | "subjects with higher PMAT24_A_CR (fluid intelligence) made fewer
       | mistakes, but were slower"
       | 
       | Yes, intelligent people took longer to solve hard problems. But
       | they made fewer mistakes. Getting things right on the 1st try
       | might be much faster than needing a 2nd attempt, even if the 1st
       | try takes 20% longer.
        
         | NotYourLawyer wrote:
         | Social science is ridiculous. What a non-result.
        
         | alach11 wrote:
         | Alternate title: "Less intelligent people give up on hard tests
         | and begin guessing answers."
        
         | proc0 wrote:
         | Slow is smooth, smooth is fast.
         | 
         | Forgot where that's from but I think it's a Navy or Marine
         | saying.
        
           | jandrewrogers wrote:
           | It is a common aphorism in military training, related to the
           | latency of effective fast-twitch reaction. The jerkiness of
           | trying to point your weapon at a target as quickly as
           | possible and then yanking on the trigger means you usually
           | miss it.
           | 
           | The most important motion is bring your weapon to bear on
           | target in a mechanically efficient way and pulling the
           | trigger as it comes on target in a single motion. That single
           | integrated motion can only be learned by doing it slowly but
           | it is very accurate and smooth. If you practice the motion
           | enough it becomes very fast. It is fine muscle memory. This
           | is virtually always faster in terms of putting a bullet on
           | target than relying on raw muscle speed. Also why military
           | firearm skills are perishable, it has to be constantly
           | practiced to keep the latency down.
        
         | mordae wrote:
         | Actually, solving problem quick and dirty, putting the solution
         | to a test and iterating will probably result in better outcomes
         | than simply thinking super hard and making less attempts for a
         | whole bunch of tasks.
         | 
         | It sure helps to be able to iterate quickly in software
         | development for one.
         | 
         | It has reminded me of an exchange from Shirobako (best anime
         | ever, 100/100, watch it even if you prefer other forms); older
         | animator is telling their younger colleague to learn to draw
         | faster, because while they can work on the quality for the rest
         | of their life, but they won't be able to draw fast when they
         | are older. Drawing faster means more iterations, means more
         | experience gained overall.
        
           | thorncorona wrote:
           | If what you're doing is getting a math problem correct than I
           | would imagine doing it once correctly is the fastest
           | approach...
        
         | galaxyLogic wrote:
         | Right they take longer but they actually solve the problem
         | correctly. And if you don't solve it correctly you are not
         | really solving it at all.
         | 
         | The title could have been "Intelligent people take time to make
         | sure their answer is more likely to be correct than not"
        
           | commandlinefan wrote:
           | > if you don't solve it correctly you are not really solving
           | it at all.
           | 
           | Try telling that to the time-tracking gestapo. As Dilbert
           | says: "our boss can't judge the quality of our work, but he
           | knows when it's late".
        
         | hirvi74 wrote:
         | In regards to the study you linked:
         | 
         | > _Intelligence is here defined as the performance in
         | psychometric tests in cognitive domains like verbal
         | comprehension, perceptual reasoning or working memory. A
         | consistent finding is that individuals who perform well in one
         | domain tend to perform well in the others, which led to the
         | derivation of a general factor of intelligence called g-factor_
         | 
         | Whelp, I guess I broke the mold on this one. I have more than
         | 1.5 standard deviations between some of my scores lol.
         | 
         | I do not put much faith in IQ tests to begin with. I do not
         | think the tests are completely useless, but I do think their
         | utility is vastly overstated and the meaning of one's results
         | are highly misused.
        
         | tetha wrote:
         | I'm thinking about too many things like chess. But in chess
         | played with slower time controls, a critical skill is t
         | recognize important positions and take time on them. And for
         | many people, another important skill is to take more time in
         | general.
         | 
         | Like, a lot of lower Elo game at 10-minute time controls end
         | with the losing person having 8 minutes left. That's not good.
        
       | jollyllama wrote:
       | Is this innately biological, or have intelligent people just been
       | trained not to jump to conclusions/trust their gut, while this
       | training was not as successful in other population segments?
        
       | nerdo wrote:
       | People who don't attempt the answer just guess, which takes less
       | time than solving. News at 11.
        
         | biomcgary wrote:
         | Although your response is a bit clever, I think you capture the
         | actual dynamic, which the paper
         | (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-38626-y) tries to
         | obscure by avoiding the comparisons (time taken for each
         | correctly answered question vs incorrect) needed to make it
         | obvious.
        
       | pazimzadeh wrote:
       | On the other hand, "more intelligent" people's brains work less
       | hard during reasoning.
       | 
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-04268-8
        
         | Solvency wrote:
         | Something tells me trying to bluntly define "more" and "less
         | intelligent" and then compare the two groups with blanket
         | studies like this is utterly ridiculous.
        
       | Frameshift wrote:
       | The "less likely to jump to conclusions" is the important part.
       | This doesn't necessarily mean they are slower at processing
       | information.
        
         | no_butterscotch wrote:
         | Yup.
         | 
         | I also wonder if they could see another part of the brain to
         | see if intelligent people are more concerned of judgement from
         | other intelligent people, or perhaps even from everyone in
         | general for some intelligent people that intelligence is their
         | identity.
        
       | sobriquet9 wrote:
       | People with higher intelligence scores, not intelligent people.
        
       | devnull255 wrote:
       | If I try giving this as an explanation for churn on any issue I'm
       | investigating, they'll probably take longer paying me ...
        
       | adverbly wrote:
       | Related: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKA4w2O61Xo
       | 
       | TL;DW:
       | 
       | I have a rule and you need to figure it out. The rule relates to
       | a sequence of three numbers. You can propose a sequence and I'll
       | tell you yes/no if it meets the rule.
       | 
       | I'll give you the first sequence to get you started:
       | sequence: 2,4,8       passes: Yes
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | I think people are overreading into this, assuming the results
       | even mean much anyway. people who score higher on timed tests
       | which corelate well with IQ, such as the Wonderlic or the SATs,
       | are smarter.
        
         | ChainOfFools wrote:
         | There's a confounding factor here, which is that people who
         | score poorly could do so either because they could not solve
         | the problem at all, or because they took too long to solve it
         | (due to having to create mental tooling on the spot that others
         | could buy off the shelf through memorization) and had reached
         | only a partial result.
         | 
         | In timed standardized exams where work is not shown or graded,
         | both results are equally assigned zero points. As AI, even the
         | ersatz AI available currently, becomes more sophisticated and
         | widespread the value of a human who can mimic the capabilities
         | of a machine will diminish rapidly.
         | 
         | Creative and explorative thinkers will, provided they are not
         | merely skilled at the derivative "craft" of performative
         | creativity but are truly creating value without precedent, will
         | accordingly become increasingly sought after.
        
       | dorianmariefr wrote:
       | So we have to be the smartest because it's been 3 months we are
       | investigating an issue :D
        
       | poomer wrote:
       | These shape matching questions are the problems asked in the
       | study:
       | 
       | https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jordan-Barbone-2/public...
       | 
       | I would bet that quite a few people just guess when they find
       | this type of question too difficult.
        
         | chankstein38 wrote:
         | Honestly this makes the most sense to me. I guessed first
         | before thinking it through and if I were doing the test and it
         | were timed I might've just guessed.
        
       | elcritch wrote:
       | > The findings challenge the assumption that higher intelligence
       | is the result of a faster brain. They suggest that faster is not
       | necessarily better, and that under certain circumstances there is
       | a tradeoff between speed and accuracy which results in better
       | decisions.
       | 
       | Talk about conflating different aspects of something to arrive at
       | faulty logic.
       | 
       | There clearly is a relationship between higher intelligence and a
       | faster brain, to some degree. However faster thinking enables
       | more sophisticated searching of complex problem spaces.
        
         | s1artibartfast wrote:
         | >There clearly is a relationship between higher intelligence
         | and a faster brain, to some degree. However faster thinking
         | enables more sophisticated searching of complex problem spaces.
         | 
         | I don't think that's clear at all. The confusion is around
         | different definitions of speed and different definitions of the
         | task.
         | 
         | You have the speed to process data points or variables, and the
         | speed to come to a result. You also have the number of
         | variables used to calculate a result and the number of
         | variables _needed_ to come to a result.
         | 
         | It is reasonable to believe that some brains can process the
         | same data faster than others. It is also reasonable to believe
         | that some brains consider more variables than others.
         | 
         | However, more variables is not always better. You can process
         | faster, and include more variables, but still perform worse
         | overall if you are using too many unecessary variables.
         | 
         | In terms of computing, an example would be multiplying 2x2. A
         | slower computer can give you a result faster if it is
         | representing 2 as a 2-bit number than a faster computer
         | representing it as a 64-bit number
        
           | david38 wrote:
           | I think of it as a computer with moderately fast registers
           | but horribly slow main memory. In this case, more registers
           | would clearly show a win. BUT a more organized person would
           | eventually win as the number of variables grow.
           | 
           | Hence why systems and habits beat out raw intelligence on
           | general life success, but why an intelligent person lives a
           | simple life on easy mode and why those at the (uninherited)
           | top are often scary smart AND hard core driven and organized.
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | I basically agree.
             | 
             | I would only add that some computers are simply incapable
             | of performing a sufficiently complicated computation given
             | their hardware and programing.
             | 
             | Similarly, some computers with more limited hardware and
             | programming can be more efficient at certian classes of
             | computations.
        
         | pazimzadeh wrote:
         | Faster thinking allows to you brute force problems, which means
         | you may not look for a more elegant solution because you don't
         | need to.
         | 
         | Like how Von Neumann was able to solve the fly and trains
         | problem the hard way instead of finding the simple solution:
         | https://www.pleacher.com/mp/mlessons/calculus/mobinfin.html
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | MisterPea wrote:
           | While I agree I think Von Nuemann is the worst example to use
           | in any topic about intelligence. He's not really like the
           | rest of us
        
       | robertakarobin wrote:
       | Ooh, that's a much better explanation for my zillion half-
       | finished projects. I'm not an undisciplined perfectionist, I'm
       | just too intelligent. :)
        
         | acchow wrote:
         | Maybe subclinical ADHD?
        
           | robertakarobin wrote:
           | Why not both?
        
             | hateful wrote:
             | I know I am Twice Exceptional[1] in that regard.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twice_exceptional
        
           | Madmallard wrote:
           | It's very likely just not enough incentive to go through the
           | difficult and lengthy unfun parts. That's most people. It's
           | not abnormal.
        
         | carabiner wrote:
         | Damn straight.
        
           | robertakarobin wrote:
           | In the words of Calvin and Hobbes, "You know how Einstein got
           | bad grades as a kid? Well, MINE are even WORSE!""
        
       | booleandilemma wrote:
       | Can we also rephrase this as: if you want to be more intelligent,
       | slow down and take the time to think through a problem?
        
         | lanstin wrote:
         | A thirst to deeply understand the systems around one is
         | irreplaceable. Curiosity and an openness to seeing what is
         | there instead of loading some fast model on top of the problem.
        
       | hax0ron3 wrote:
       | The title of the article should be "People with higher
       | intelligence scores take longer to solve complex problems".
       | 
       | Let's say that I define being very intelligent as being able to
       | rapidly solve hard problems. I think this is a reasonable
       | definition of the word "intelligent". Indeed, I think that it is
       | in many ways a more meaningful definition of "intelligence" than
       | defining it as scoring well on intelligence tests.
       | 
       | Well, then the article title becomes self-contradictory.
        
         | commandlinefan wrote:
         | Yeah, the title (and the article) doesn't say "than what". If
         | intelligent people take longer to solve complex problems than
         | stupid people, then stupid people are smart and smart people
         | are stupid. But the article doesn't really explain that either.
        
       | PartiallyTyped wrote:
       | Dupe: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36172461
        
         | lapcat wrote:
         | Also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36160582 and
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36211454
        
       | beepbooptheory wrote:
       | I always find it so strange and a little creepy to treat
       | "intelligent" as a category like "brown haired" or "diabetic."
       | 
       | You take a test and receive a score (an "intelligence score"
       | apparently) and if you are past X points you are intelligent. Now
       | you are among the set of intelligent people in the world.
       | 
       | I know this is an agreed upon reality (especially among us nerdy
       | types), but it always rubbed me the wrong way. Even bracketing
       | off all the very real issues around measurement tools here, it
       | always felt in general like neurotic pursuit to quantify the
       | qualitative, or even an egoistic pursuit to claim superiority out
       | of thin air.
       | 
       | And I read articles like these, and I can't help but feel
       | slightly validated despite their presuppositions: maybe there
       | isnt a spectrum of intelligences, but just heterogenous minds. We
       | have come up with these tests, but they just show how well a
       | person is at that test that we happen to call "an intelligence
       | test." But you start digging deeply with the numbers... and of
       | course you going to get counter intuitive results! You have
       | investigated categories that are themselves sustained out of
       | thinnest of scientific consensus and dubious ideological origins,
       | delegating your measurement to fraught tools laden with cultural
       | specificity. It just feels crazy to me, it feels like never
       | leaving grade school.
       | 
       | But maybe they'll find "intelligence" one day, and then I'll have
       | to eat my shoe while waiting in line to be recycled because I
       | didn't pass muster as an intelligent human.
        
       | foxbyte wrote:
       | This complements the idea that problem-solving is the essence of
       | intelligence. It's not always about speed, but the quality of
       | decisions made, especially in complex situations
        
       | alexfromapex wrote:
       | Intelligence is related to increased perception throughput
       | abilities, i.e. neural volume and density, so more intelligent
       | people are processing more information which takes slightly
       | longer (probably logarithmic). It all ties back to the same sort
       | of results in neural networks. Not sure why I got
       | downvoted...seems studies support my conclusion.
        
       | boredumb wrote:
       | In my experience when you're younger you can make a decision
       | quickly without thinking through a lot of the edge cases and it
       | works most of the time so it's much faster and just as good. Most
       | of the time.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | giovannibonetti wrote:
       | Related: Thinking, Fast and Slow, by Daniel Kahneman. According
       | to Wikipedia [1]: "The book's main thesis is a differentiation
       | between two modes of thought: "System 1" is fast, instinctive and
       | emotional; "System 2" is slower, more deliberative, and more
       | logical."
       | 
       | Intelligent people might rely more on System 2 than ordinary
       | people, which pushes latency up.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thinking,_Fast_and_Slow
        
         | thorncorona wrote:
         | A large portion of the effects and studies mentioned in that
         | book have been retracted or refuted, just fyi.
        
           | giovannibonetti wrote:
           | Wow, good to know!
        
       | ChainOfFools wrote:
       | I strongly suspect this effect is correlated with a weakness in
       | short-term or working memory. Independent of general intelligence
       | is the necessity for those with a weak short-term or working
       | memory to compensate by relying on long-term, in depth
       | understanding in order to JIT the necessary short-term structures
       | into being on the spot, (often repeatedly as these images decay
       | rapidly) in order to solve a problem. Whereas those with a short-
       | term memory advantage can simply rely on memorized sets of
       | arbitrary relationships to address the problem.
       | 
       | In other words if you have a weak short-term or working memory
       | you have to, by necessity, deeply think through everything -
       | whether simple or complex. This may allow spotting the rare
       | inconsistency or opportunity others may not, but as it comes at a
       | performance and time penalty which, under circumstances commonly
       | encountered in one's educational career (timed examinations) it
       | more typically results in filtering such people out of fields
       | where excursive, highly lateral modes of thinking would be
       | beneficial.
       | 
       | To survive this filter one must either acquire (or be gifted
       | with) the talent of exceptionally swift traversal of a large and
       | heterogeneous general knowledge graph, as one cannot rely on a
       | handful of tightly knit but relatively isolated silos of
       | memorized specialization.
        
         | coldblues wrote:
         | A lot of replies here talk about short term memory, needing to
         | truly understand information on a deep level and have the
         | "why?" question answered, using software to externalize
         | information and a lot more that I can't really mention right
         | now on a phone in the middle of the night browsing HN and
         | coming across this gem.
         | 
         | A lot of this stuff seems highly related to ADHD. I exhibit
         | them, and have done quite some amateur research myself on these
         | behaviors and others seem to relate as well.
         | 
         | P.S: I am also an i3wm user btw ;)
        
         | bowenjin wrote:
         | In my experience short term and long term memory recall speed
         | and accuracy are strongly correlated. It's unlikely someone
         | will be able to swiftly traverse a large long term memory
         | graph, in a manner that would allow you to derive deep insights
         | not just recalling a single piece of information, but have a
         | poor short term memory.
         | 
         | However I do believe long term memory is more robust so if
         | you're in a mentally compromised state, such as having a
         | headache, it will be less affected. So if you have to work
         | through a hard problem on a deadline but have a headache, you
         | can rely on heuristics stored in long term memory rather than
         | deriving everything in short term memory.
        
           | nwienert wrote:
           | Correlated but at what level of the bell curve? I think they
           | are correlated but vary a lot within similar bands, to the
           | point where the broad correlation is actually not interesting
           | and the within-band correlation is much more so.
           | 
           | Adding on, there's a definite weird trade off going on
           | between memory and creativity that I think is very under-
           | appreciated. I think memory acts as a bind on creativity, and
           | it's really easy to make this intuitive with any number of
           | examples whether it be youth or marijuana/psychedelics. When
           | you reduce your ability to access memory you seem to gain an
           | ability to explore new spaces. Likewise the more you learn
           | and build structures in your brain around concepts, the
           | harder it is to accept and process novelties. Feels like
           | there's some similar trade offs going on as with this deep vs
           | fast thinking.
        
         | ldehaan wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | visarga wrote:
         | This explanation fits me to a T.
        
         | ajkjk wrote:
         | Agree with this; also, it feels like you are reading out the
         | same theories I have somewhere in my brain and that's a weird
         | sensation.
         | 
         | A related theory: being good at math, especially mental math,
         | correlates with aphantasia (not being able to see pictures in
         | your head). People who can see images in their head learn to do
         | arithmetic early on with visual algorithms, which are
         | fundamentally not good for understanding as well as rather
         | error-prone (because the brain remembers gestalts, not finicky
         | details like where a decimal is).
         | 
         | Aphantasiacs are forced to learn to do math differently, and
         | use some different part of the brain as 'scratch space'. In my
         | case it's the language brain: calculations which are set aside
         | live in the same part of your brain that can repeat what was
         | said a moment to you without understanding it. Turns out,
         | though, that this verbal part is quite _accurate_ at
         | remembering things, and this makes it easier to juggle multi-
         | step calculations without paper.
        
           | ChainOfFools wrote:
           | We are definitely aware of the same phenomenon! Check out a
           | reply I made elsewhere in this thread which addresses
           | compensatory recruiting of ones verbal/ audio immediate
           | recall as an extension of working memory store.
        
           | xigency wrote:
           | > A related theory: being good at math, especially mental
           | math, correlates with aphantasia (not being able to see
           | pictures in your head)
           | 
           | This is the kind of condition I wonder if I have. Because on
           | one hand, if I do a visualization exercise I would describe
           | it as foggy at best. Then again, I struggle to understand how
           | our brains could be wired that differently from person to
           | person, that we could have or lack certain mental senses. I
           | would suggest that everyone has some latent capability,
           | whether they recognize it or not. After all the visual cortex
           | is quite important.
           | 
           | In the context of your example, those good at mental math
           | might see a chalkboard like image of the problem with all the
           | detail. Those who struggle might be distracted visualizing
           | the items that are being counted themselves, and all their
           | detail.
           | 
           | For another riddle, consider the question of whether one
           | recognizes their thoughts as an internal monologue or not,
           | and how that relates to communication and action.
        
           | thorncorona wrote:
           | > being good at math, especially mental math, correlates with
           | aphantasia
           | 
           | as someone who used to do math competitions as a kid,
           | everyone I knew who was "good" at mental math had a good
           | number sense, a big bag of tricks for doing different things
           | with numbers, and practiced with their bag of tricks.
        
         | fwungy wrote:
         | My big stumble in math came when I stopped being able to self-
         | prove everything I saw.
         | 
         | At some point you must memorize in math.
        
           | chongli wrote:
           | You have to remember things in math. You don't have to
           | memorize by rote. I'm very close to finishing a degree in
           | pure and computational math and I've never sat down to
           | consciously memorize anything. I don't really study much for
           | exams either. I just work on the assignments and then show up
           | and do my best for the exams. My grades are pretty much
           | average but they're not a priority for me.
           | 
           | For me, memorizing math means just working on problems until
           | the theorems and definitions are like muscle memory. I know
           | other people get by on flash cards but I can't stand them.
           | 
           | Heck, I just wrote a midterm in network flow theory today and
           | they gave us a sheet with all the theorems and definitions in
           | the course up to this point. Needless to say, memorizing that
           | sheet wouldn't help you at all on the proofs. You have to
           | actually practice writing proofs to get good at it.
        
           | anyfoo wrote:
           | That point is very early. Math finally really took off for me
           | when I realized that, no, it's not enough to understand an
           | equation, or a set of requirements, etc., when I'm introduced
           | to it. I have to actually memorize it. Literally with a
           | flashcard app that I open every day.
           | 
           | By rote memorization, it is available in my head
           | _immediately_ , and I can use it to reason through things,
           | without having to derive anything. It helps tremendously.
           | 
           | Then, at some point, it will become so familiar and
           | understood through working with it, that the rote
           | memorization becomes superfluous. For example, I've worked
           | with the Laplace Transforms and the various Fourier
           | Transforms (FS, FT, DFT, DTFT) so intensely by now, that I
           | can absolutely just recite them by concept and understanding
           | of why they are what they are.
           | 
           | But until then, rote memorization is basically a necessary
           | tool to work with math.
           | 
           | The moment that made me realize that was when I saw a math
           | genius at university, one who clearly understood the topics
           | extremely well, going through his flashcards.
        
             | dvwobuq wrote:
             | I can entirely relate to this.
             | 
             | About three weeks into my first undergraduate class on
             | abstract algebra, it dawned on me that the instructor
             | wasn't giving me math tests. He was giving me vocabulary
             | tests. In that class, most of the answers to questions flow
             | straight from the definitions. Once I broke out the
             | flashcards and started memorizing definitions, that class
             | became almost trivial.
             | 
             | I used flashcards in all my classes after that to memorize
             | terms, definitions, and concepts. Math and engineering are,
             | for me anyway, like a foreign language. To converse in that
             | language fluently, one must be very comfortable with the
             | vocabulary. It just makes sense.
        
               | anyfoo wrote:
               | Well put, and I like that analogy. You have to learn the
               | vocabulary, and only then are you well equipped to
               | discuss grammar and finer subtleties of the language. It
               | goes hand in hand.
        
         | beepbopboopp wrote:
         | This is a really interesting idea. I throw some money toward
         | seeing this hypothesis tested or further explored.
         | 
         | Ben Stiller _do it_ meme
        
         | MSFT_Edging wrote:
         | I've always felt like I have awful short term memory. I use
         | tiling WMs so I can see information side-by-side. If I need to
         | type something exactly, I forget the exact details almost
         | immediately.
         | 
         | I need to derive things to understand them, ie music theory.
         | I'm jealous of people who can memorize and take at face value
         | but if I'm looking at a chord, I need to know the components
         | that create that chord, which gets frustrating because music
         | has a lot of rules that seem to be based on vibe and closeness.
         | Two things can be identical but distinct based on their
         | context.
         | 
         | It used to take me 2-3x as long to do homeworks or labs
         | compared to other classmates. Same with work assignments. It
         | often triggers an imposter syndrome type feeling.
         | 
         | Yet I have proof that I'm capable of solving complex problems,
         | I understand certain things almost immediately compared to
         | others, other things I need to study for a long time.
         | 
         | I tend to rarely know an answer on the spot, but I know how to
         | determine many things, by knowing how to find the information
         | needed.
         | 
         | I don't pretend to be a genius, but I have proof via a degree,
         | others opinions of me, and material results that basically say
         | I'm intelligent to a point.
         | 
         | Once I get into a flow I can retain a fairly complex system in
         | my head but before or after that state, it's a terrible blur
         | where I can barely focus my eyes.
        
           | ilc wrote:
           | Source: Principal Software Engineer, 25+ YOE.
           | 
           | You are far smarter than you think.
           | 
           | Learn to get into flow, and also figure out how to get your
           | state back faster... Once you do, it is a super power.
           | 
           | Simple things like leaving your editor/IDE open, create the
           | same situation you left. I personally use music + IEMs to
           | help me block sound and focus. -30-35 DB off the IEMs, and
           | +70DB off my music... yeah, I don't hear anything.
           | 
           | I learned the editor trick recently, though I'd probably done
           | it un-intentionally for years. I stopped, and I was wondering
           | what the inertia I was facing was. It is only 2-3m to get
           | setup... that's 2-3m to lose my thoughts, etc.
           | 
           | Good luck.
        
             | cookiengineer wrote:
             | The reason I love vim and i3/kitty so much as a combination
             | is exactly this. I have 4 monitors in the exact state I
             | left them when I get back, with the last TODO comments I
             | added and what the problem was (that I thought about deeply
             | overnight).
             | 
             | For me the best way to get into the flow is by directly
             | getting back to where I left. If I take time to wake up,
             | make breakfast or anything else I usually lost my ideas
             | already and it takes me hours to get back to them.
        
           | coldblues wrote:
           | I have ADHD and I relate a lot. Do you as well?
        
             | pschuegr wrote:
             | Not OP but identify strongly and yes.
        
           | ChatGTP wrote:
           | Hey, do you drink alcohol ?
           | 
           | A few years back I accepted a challenge to take a year off
           | drinking from a family member.
           | 
           | I cannot tell you how much it improved my memory.
           | 
           | Before that I was always losing things, frustrated I couldn't
           | remember the names of things etc.
           | 
           | After about 3 months I felt like I had doubled my memory.
           | 
           | I wasn't really a heavy drinker, but I would go for a few
           | months having 1-2 beers a day.
           | 
           | Anyway just curious if you drink and have tried taking a
           | break?
        
           | screye wrote:
           | I've always told friends that I have a massive knowledge
           | graph on disk, and very low RAM. Reaching every leaf takes
           | traversing the hierarchy, but it allows me to make
           | connections and remember better over the long term.
           | 
           | People are always blown away by my ability to recall a story
           | perfectly or create 2 page white boarded proofs, but
           | inability to remember my SSN or why I entered a room.
        
         | Solvency wrote:
         | I struggled in math in HS for this reason. Every time a concept
         | was presented to me I felt like I needed to deeply understand
         | it at the most universally root level and create a painstaking
         | mental model of it, to a degree that I imposed on myself for
         | some inexplicable reason. To answer "but WHY". Almost like a
         | form of self-sabotage in hindsight because I think there are
         | decreasing returns in "truly, deeply" grokking math if you're
         | not going to be pursuing math as a career.
         | 
         | But I also abhor rote memorization. Not because I don't think
         | it's valuable, I just hate extremely repetitive tasks. Close
         | friends of mine with zero interest in the subject just took
         | everything at face level and preferred to rote memorize
         | everything and slap it down as needed. And they tested much
         | better than I did. Neither I or they are more intelligent than
         | one another and these days we all excel at our own areas we
         | enjoy. But for that subject in particular, in a rushed
         | classroom standardized testing situation, I think their
         | approach was "better".
        
           | anyfoo wrote:
           | I elaborated as a reply to a sibling comment, but repeat
           | after me: _You need to memorize things in math_ , especially
           | if you want full understanding. It is a necessary tool.
           | 
           | I realized this when I saw one of the higher math geniuses in
           | university, one who really understood most things better than
           | most of us, learn equations and lemmas from flashcards one
           | day.
           | 
           | That memorization may become superfluous after you worked
           | with something for a while, but until then, it is not just
           | tremendously useful, but downright necessary, to make an
           | equation, or set of axioms, theorem, or whatever, just "pop
           | up" in your head while you're thinking something through.
           | 
           | You say:
           | 
           | > I needed to deeply understand it at the most universally
           | root level and create a painstaking mental model of it
           | 
           | That is my modus operandi in math. I want to fully understand
           | it, down to every little detail. But in my experience,
           | memorization is one step for that model to _really_ build
           | itself up, and actually stick.
           | 
           | Reading through the pages of a math book and going "oh, yeah,
           | I totally understood that, neat" is useless if you later
           | encounter a problem and go "huh, so, what was the exact
           | equation of the Fourier transform again"?
           | 
           | And not just because you now have to look it up to apply it,
           | but also because an equation for example is not just a jumble
           | of symbols that you write down and fill in. It has structure,
           | it has meaning. If you can recite it in your sleep, then you
           | also immediately see properties of it when they are relevant,
           | and are able to make further connections.
           | 
           | As Andrew Wiles said: "Math is not a spectator sport."
           | 
           | It's hard to fully bring across what memorization does for
           | math, but since I started just using a flashcard app (Anki)
           | several years ago, I literally sometimes lie in bed at night,
           | eyes closed and no notepad, and work through math in my head,
           | trying to further understand some aspects. And because I can
           | "look" at what I memorized in my head, it works really well.
        
             | ChainOfFools wrote:
             | I agree with this, and the rationalization that I
             | eventually worked out and learned to live with is that as
             | you get into more advanced areas of math, much of what you
             | are learning are building blocks for assembling more
             | complex tools - but those are tools you have no use for
             | yet, and therefore can't hook constituent elements into any
             | existing framework of understanding.
             | 
             | There is no way to pass through these obstacles (without
             | spending the multiple lifetimes it took to forge them from
             | first principles) except to memorize them and gradually
             | extend understanding backwards from that memorization into
             | the broader context of dependencies that converge into its
             | formalization.
             | 
             | But having this predicament explained to me up front,
             | ideally somewhere around the age one learns about something
             | as basic as fractions, would have been enormously helpful.
        
               | anyfoo wrote:
               | > except to memorize them and gradually extend
               | understanding backwards
               | 
               | That is not the only reason, but also a big part of it,
               | yes. Some of the things (but not all) that I memorize I
               | admittedly don't fully understand. I try to avoid that,
               | but it happens. Usually though, the sudden realization
               | comes at a later point, when I understood more of
               | something else.
               | 
               | Literally happened last week to me. I had been memorizing
               | a "stupid" theorem for a while[1], not realizing why it's
               | useful, until something I read was about discontinuities
               | in the n-th derivation of a function, and what that means
               | for the terms of the function's Taylor series, and it all
               | lit up in me, tying it all together.
               | 
               | It's a good feeling!
               | 
               | [1] https://www.dsprelated.com/freebooks/sasp/Spectral_Ro
               | ll_Off....
        
           | eYrKEC2 wrote:
           | I took your approach to math and it was vital to my
           | scholastic success.
           | 
           | Once my engineering school load got too big for me to
           | continue to use that approach in my math classes, I took an
           | alternative strategy of just accepting theories without
           | deeply understanding them and I had a much harder time
           | applying those particular math concepts outside of those
           | classes.
        
           | volkk wrote:
           | i imagine this is probably the healthier/much better approach
           | to learning anything. unfortunately society mostly
           | prioritizes extreme speed and shallow understanding of
           | anything due to the upside of moving quickly and making
           | numbers go up at the end of a quarter.
        
           | LTL_FTC wrote:
           | I discovered the difference in these two types of students
           | much later than I would have liked: last year of college. I
           | like you, felt like I really needed to understand the
           | material to do well, and I did, but there were so many
           | students at discussion sections and office hours with much
           | shallower understandings who would perform better on exams
           | and assignments. These students often ask questions like, "is
           | it always the case..." looking for a hammer they can apply to
           | all similar problems rather than trying to understand
           | nuances. Learning how to get an A in the course is very
           | different than learning the course material.
        
           | amatecha wrote:
           | Yeah, I basically have no choice but to deeply, truly
           | understand something. If I don't "completely get it", I will
           | struggle endlessly to employ the "knowledge" I have. It's
           | been a lifelong challenge (indeed I barely finished high
           | school because I was actually failing classes because it was
           | impossible to keep up -- yet I am a senior software engineer
           | today), while some people forge ahead seemingly effortlessly,
           | I am still solidifying the fundamentals. To be fair though,
           | my deep understanding of stuff results in pretty
           | comprehensive/effective solutions that consider edge-
           | cases/gotchas/etc. and I think that's pretty valuable. Once I
           | have those "fundamentals", I have mastered that shizzle and
           | it's completely solid in my repertoire basically forever. The
           | decay is VERY slow once I learn something, and I can remember
           | deep details about things for years.
           | 
           | The discussions on this post have been the first time I've
           | really hard people describe this phenomenon in such clarity.
           | It's really nice to know there are other people who are
           | similar to me in this way, as I very very often feel like the
           | "odd one out" in this regard...
        
             | painted-now wrote:
             | I pretty much have the same experience as you! (See my
             | other comment in this thread)
             | 
             | I really agree: this discussion is great!
        
           | painted-now wrote:
           | I had a very similar experience studying physics and I still
           | have some form of that in my current job as software engineer
           | working on a quite large code base:
           | 
           | I really can't operate on things for which I don't have a
           | deep intuition. If I really have to treat something as a
           | blackbox, I need to explicitly spell out the assumptions and
           | "compress them enough" (which is actually probably also just
           | about building an intuition on those assumptions).
           | 
           | I envy people a lot that can just "copy & paste" some
           | knowledge in their thinking.
           | 
           | I think I now got to the point where I accepted that to be a
           | part of me and made it "my brand" and I see that I can add
           | value with being different in this aspect.
           | 
           | I often wonder how it must feel like to be able to "copy
           | paste" knowledge. If you painstakingly have to sweat through
           | all kinds of things that others can just "copy&paste", it can
           | feel like others are "cheating" - but in the end it's just me
           | being jealous.
        
           | ChainOfFools wrote:
           | Just a hunch, but do you find that you perform substantially
           | better if you are an environment where you can talk to
           | yourself out loud as you work through a math or physics
           | problem? If so, this is very much indicative of the
           | phenomenon I'm describing, because what's happening is you're
           | recruiting your audio memory as a compensatory short-term
           | workspace, being able to loop some 2 or 3 additional elements
           | of information in this extra area essentially acts as an
           | extension of your working store. And guess what behavior
           | students are typically prohibited or highly discouraged from
           | doing during an exam?
           | 
           | I further suspect that this is also the mechanism responsible
           | for some people's apparent tendency to do all the talking in
           | a conversation, rather than allow a balanced share of time
           | between conversants. The quick decay of short-term
           | information requires constant refreshing, and talking is one
           | means of augmenting this.
        
             | Solvency wrote:
             | Actually for me I perform best when I can hear my inner
             | monologue. If I'm in a social setting learning math it's
             | not ideal at all, because I can't "listen" to myself think:
             | I think through things entirely in my head when I can
             | reason through and almost dictate to myself. But not
             | verbally! It's almost like the moment I try to verbalize
             | anything it gets muddied by whatever weird
             | social/colloquial construct I've made to communicate with
             | others.
        
             | a_wild_dandan wrote:
             | That's really interesting! Do you know any other techniques
             | to hijack our brains for performance boosts?
             | 
             | I'm reminded of the classic Feynman story about discovering
             | the different mental models that he/his coworkers used, and
             | how those models affected thinking:
             | https://youtu.be/Si6NbKqYEd8?t=105
        
               | pchangr wrote:
               | I write. It's like having an internal monologue slowly
               | repeating you whatever you're thinking so it let's the
               | brain re-structure knowledge. It's super helpful to force
               | myself to pay attention. I rarely read what I wrote but
               | because I did, there's a higher chance I remembered.
        
           | sigg3 wrote:
           | > I also abhor rote memorization. Not because I don't think
           | it's valuable, I just hate extremely repetitive tasks.
           | 
           | Memorization leads to a different kind of knowledge, I think.
           | You don't know the thing, you know the steps to reproduce.
           | 
           | It's like my grandmother who knows several songs by heart,
           | but if you ask about the second line in the third verse
           | she'll sing it from the start until she reaches the line in
           | question. For a song this is sufficient, because it is
           | analogous to the primary use cases.
        
         | growingkittens wrote:
         | I have a childhood brain injury that affects my working memory
         | and sequencing ability, among other things. I think in pictures
         | with a verbal commentary, although words disappear soon after I
         | think them. My brain stores information everywhere it can fit:
         | in emotions, music, patterns, movement, etc. Interpreting
         | reality is fraught with error. You describe the effect very
         | well.
         | 
         | I am working on a personal knowledge system to compensate. What
         | are your ideas on this subject?
         | 
         | Popular PKS systems expect the user to adapt to "the system,"
         | rather than adapting to the user's particular set of needs. I
         | consider each user to be a unique combination of common
         | components.
        
         | tikhonj wrote:
         | My pet theory is that this is closely related to the "two
         | cultures" in mathematics with "problem solvers" vs "theory
         | builders": is it easier for you to put more strain on your
         | working memory to solve a problem, or would you rather put in
         | more up-front conceptual effort to reduce that strain?
         | 
         | I'm not a mathematician, but I've seen a similar bifurcation in
         | programming styles and preferences: something like "debuggers"
         | vs "abstraction builders". Would you rather have less to learn
         | up front at the expense of needing to track more details as
         | you're working, or would you rather spend time learning or
         | developing a conceptual foundation to reduce ongoing pressure
         | on your working memory?
         | 
         | I figure this is why discussions about keeping programming
         | "simple" are so unproductive: people end up talking past each
         | other because one camp values reducing up-front complexity, the
         | other reducing ongoing complexity, but everybody talks about it
         | as if there's only one simple-complex dimension.
        
           | growingkittens wrote:
           | A distinction you might find interesting:
           | 
           | Systemic thinking - considering the system as a whole.
           | Systematic thinking - considering the components of a system
           | step-by-step.
        
           | hawski wrote:
           | I think I am almost grasping what you are saying, but am not
           | sure.
           | 
           | Those short memory people (who I think I may be among) that
           | GP said about relate to which group of mathematicians and
           | programmers?
           | 
           | I am one of those that prefer to reduce complexity and prefer
           | lower level programming. I think that such a type of person
           | likes C for example.
        
         | brazzledazzle wrote:
         | Am I projecting or does this sound like an compensating
         | strategies for an intelligent person with an executive
         | dysfunction disorder?
        
       | robbywashere_ wrote:
       | Shame that whiteboard problem took you 1hr (and 5 minutes) to
       | solve. NEXT!
        
       | ldehaan wrote:
       | [dead]
        
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