[HN Gopher] Shifting views about psychedelic drugs require a new...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Shifting views about psychedelic drugs require a new category for
       them
        
       Author : benbreen
       Score  : 74 points
       Date   : 2023-06-29 17:54 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.washingtonpost.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.washingtonpost.com)
        
       | TaylorAlexander wrote:
       | About two months ago I was at a festival with friends and a I had
       | a psychedelic experience. What's funny is earlier that day I had
       | just told my friends "I know this sounds boring but I don't like
       | dancing that much." Then while I was tripping I found that I was
       | really enjoying the dancing. I felt like I was tapping in to a
       | part of myself that had been dormant for a long time. I felt
       | really confident and cool and sexy dancing to the music, and had
       | a wonderful time. The thing about this is that in the subsequent
       | weeks and to this day the confidence is still here. I have come
       | to realize that the pandemic messed me up in ways that I hadn't
       | even realized! I'm pretty in touch with myself - I go to therapy
       | once a week but I'm usually talking about work and relationships.
       | Dating in particular felt hard and I didn't know why, but since
       | rediscovering my confidence dating has been going very well for
       | me. Now when I talk to people I like I'm finding them asking me
       | for my number or asking me out. I had a cute friend I've been
       | crushing on for a while nervously ask me for a kiss!
       | 
       | The point is that there are parts of us that are nearly
       | accessible but our brain pathways need a little temporary
       | loosening to strengthen some of those pathways, and psychedelics
       | can do just that. They're no panacea and it takes some experience
       | to really gain the desired effects. But they can also just be
       | enjoyable and they're generally harmless, and it's such a shame
       | that they're so stigmatized. I live in Oakland where they have
       | decriminalized mushrooms and I'd like to see more
       | decriminalization and ultimately legalization of mushrooms, LSD,
       | and more.
       | 
       | I have a friend who has been doing legal ketamine therapy under
       | the care of their therapist and it has helped them realize the
       | ways in which they had been hanging on to old relationships which
       | were holding them back. They're finding out how to advocate for
       | their own needs and they're much happier for it.
       | 
       | We've got a crisis of unhappiness in this country and psychedelic
       | therapies are absolutely a powerful tool we could use to help
       | people find themselves.
       | 
       | Though I should say, probably because I just listened to a bunch
       | of Noam Chomsky last night, that allowing broad swaths of the
       | population to become more deeply in touch with their core needs
       | threatens the status quo and current power dynamics. Honestly tho
       | the structures of power are so solidified I'm not sure there's
       | really much actual risk to them from drug legalization.
        
         | ernst_klim wrote:
         | I don't think there's any kind of global anti-drug conspiracy.
         | 
         | Anti-drug fear mongering is a byproduct of few factors:
         | ignorance (people confuse crack, LSD and say MDMA, labeling
         | everything as drug), valid fears (LSD was legal while being
         | underresearched and that lead to few terrible events), self-
         | propelled drugwar cycle (drugs caused wave of fear, became a
         | good target for politicians, that caused even more fear
         | mongering and the cycle is closed), and valid historical
         | concerns (many drugs are very bad and caused pretty terrible
         | historical precedents like opium abuse in China).
         | 
         | People are getting more educated on drugs these days, and more
         | questions arise in the society regarding if certain kinds of
         | drugs like LSD should be more available. Though it would be a
         | long road.
        
         | chiefalchemist wrote:
         | > We've got a crisis of unhappiness in this country and
         | psychedelic therapies are absolutely a powerful tool we could
         | use to help people find themselves.
         | 
         | While I agree with everything else you said, this bit concerns
         | me. I'm certainly in favor of using these tools to help anyone
         | who needs help. But maybe we should start with a mirror, and
         | collectively ask, "Why are so many so unhappy?"
         | 
         | These psychedelics can help resolve the symptoms, but what are
         | we going to collectively take to address the root problem(s)?
         | And when?
        
           | golergka wrote:
           | > But maybe we should start with a mirror, and collectively
           | ask, "Why are so many so unhappy?"
           | 
           | Because that's the default.. People haven't evolved to be
           | happy; we have evolved to barely survive to have kids and
           | care for them so that a few become adults. Being happy is the
           | exception, you should ask how anyone manages that.
        
             | nemo44x wrote:
             | I sort of agree with this. We've been marketed to that we
             | should be happy and that buying <thing|experience> will
             | make us happy. These <things|experiences> will bring
             | pleasure but they don't create meaningful happiness. As if
             | pleasure and happiness are the same thing. But they are
             | often conflated.
             | 
             | I can't tell or teach people "how to be happy". I'm not
             | even sure that's possible or if it's something everyone can
             | do or would really want to. But I do know that being hooked
             | on a treadmill of pleasurable experiences isn't it.
        
           | newacct3 wrote:
           | > But maybe we should start with a mirror, and collectively
           | ask, "Why are so many so unhappy?"
           | 
           | How is this even supposed to be determined? It isn't like you
           | can test for happiness like you test a pool for Ph levels.
           | Assuming we can is optimistic
        
         | dr_dshiv wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing. Great example.
        
         | slibhb wrote:
         | For everyone who has an experience like you, there's someone
         | like this guy: https://www.ecstaticintegration.org/p/dmt-
         | derealization-and-...
         | 
         | Anyway, since you were dancing, I assume you used MDMA which is
         | much "less psychedelic" than acid or DMT (and much more of a
         | stimulant). There's also more potential for misuse and
         | addiction. Ketamine, too, turns out to be quite addictive by
         | the way.
         | 
         | It seems clear that psychedelics are going mainstream and,
         | unlike the 60s and 70s, they will be legal in some places. I'm
         | not convinced that ths will be a net good, partly because it's
         | not clear that it was a net good in the 60s and 70s, but we'll
         | see.
        
           | knightofmars wrote:
           | You are implying a 1:1 relationship with good experiences and
           | bad experiences. That's not how drugs work. It is important
           | to know the actual reality of this type of ratio so that
           | individuals who are looking to use a drug of this nature can
           | be well informed.
        
             | slibhb wrote:
             | No, I'm positing a 1:1 relationship between "holy shit I am
             | a new person" in a good way and "holy shit I am a new
             | person" in a bad way.
             | 
             | That's not the same as good/bad experiences.
        
           | marcod wrote:
           | > Ketamine, too, turns out to be quite addictive by the way.
           | 
           | https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-07-ketamine-
           | addiction.ht...
           | 
           | I have done the medically assisted Ketamine trips. No sign
           | them being addicting to me whatsoever. It didn't do a whole
           | lot for me, but some of the other peeps in my cohort had
           | amazing results working through old grief.
        
             | slibhb wrote:
             | It's well known that ketamine is addictive. Just google
             | "ketamine addiction". It's an effective antidepressant for
             | many people but you can't take it long term because
             | tolerance develops quickly.
        
           | golergka wrote:
           | There's nothing stopping you from dancing on acid or shrooms.
           | In fact, that's the whole point of psytrance.
        
         | jagaerglad wrote:
         | I have been struggling a lot with dating. Despite being a quite
         | social, and often popular guy to be around, there has been some
         | block/hump that always stood in the way of dating. Funnily
         | enough it struck me some weeks ago that I probably have to go
         | on a psychadelic trip to rewire my brain to be able to show my
         | interest romatically to others. What I'm scared of is the
         | possibility of it having some other undesired effect though
         | 
         | I had a similar experience with dancing though. Thought I hated
         | it, and I always had to force myself to do it, until I started
         | (modestly) drinking alcohol. My body would dance for me and I
         | would enjoy it. The effect more or less stuck around and I even
         | genuinely have days of more confidence after a night with
         | alcohol.
         | 
         | All of this is mildly depressing though. It feels as though we
         | are just our brains (maybe obviously), but just that we're the
         | strange effects of the functions of a non-magical/soul-less
         | organ in our heads primarily just meant to steer our bodies.
         | Those thoughts make drugs both existentially liberating but at
         | the same time also "imprisoning" for me
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | kortex wrote:
           | > All of this is mildly depressing though. It feels as though
           | we are just our brains (maybe obviously), but just that we're
           | the strange effects of the functions of a non-magical/soul-
           | less organ in our heads primarily just meant to steer our
           | bodies. Those thoughts make drugs both existentially
           | liberating but at the same time also "imprisoning" for me
           | 
           | That is certainly one way of looking at things, and one of
           | the more frequent perspectives I harbor. But I've also had
           | enough trips down the rabbit hole to realize there's more to
           | it than that. _Way_ more to it.
           | 
           | We are definitely strange effects for sure. We are haunted
           | atoms that formed in the core of a dying star. Weird, right?
           | If you find that worldview imprisoning, I encourage you to
           | question it. Magic is often simply what you need it to be, no
           | need to get hung up on whether magic is "real" or not,
           | because that doesn't actually matter.
           | 
           | Check out Discordianism if you haven't already. It's kinda
           | like hot swapping reality tunnels. No need to commit to one
           | ontology all the time :).
        
           | mahathu wrote:
           | >I have been struggling a lot with dating.
           | 
           | >I probably have to go on a psychadelic trip to rewire my
           | brain to be able to show my interest romatically to others
           | 
           | u wot m8
        
         | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
         | I totally agree that:
         | 
         | > We've got a crisis of unhappiness in this country and
         | psychedelic therapies are absolutely a powerful tool we could
         | use to help people find themselves.
         | 
         | But our blues haven't appeared from nowhere. We have
         | significant cultural institutions that function primarily by
         | dividing the populace against itself. Getting healthy likely
         | means waking up to the fact that we're under attack and doing
         | something other than "self care" about it.
         | 
         | So I disagree with:
         | 
         | > the structures of power are so solidified I'm not sure
         | there's really much actual risk to them from drug legalization.
         | 
         | They seem pretty shaky to me. Which is for the best. Being
         | powerful _should_ come with a fear of the people you have power
         | over. If you 're one weird trip away from a revolution then
         | it's probably time to start treating your people better.
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | >Getting healthy likely means waking up to the fact that
           | we're under attack and doing something other than "self care"
           | about it.
           | 
           | I pretty strongly disagree with this sentiment. The vast
           | majority of misery in this country is self-inflicted from
           | buying into a worldview and lifestyle that is inherently
           | unfulfilling. The self care of conferring oneself from that
           | mindset goes a long way.
        
           | webnrrd2k wrote:
           | There is some history in the US with regards to power
           | structures, getting needs met, and psychedelics. Mostly in
           | the late 60's and early 70's there was a big counterculture
           | movement that focused on exactly those things, and the power
           | structures at the time were certainly threatened, and created
           | things like cointelpro.
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/COINTELPRO#:~:text=Overall%2.
           | ...
        
       | coder4life wrote:
       | https://archive.is/XCkZD
        
       | triyambakam wrote:
       | > I have met others who only stand and look at you blankly, who
       | have lost their desire, even their self-respect. They have lost,
       | shall we say, the structure through which their mind force
       | previously flowed, and it has not been replaced.
       | 
       | > What happens to a Hindu yogi when he enters a superconscious
       | state of bliss in which his mind opens up, turns to light, and he
       | sees the world revolving below the state of his suspended
       | consciousness? He has arrived at this state through many years of
       | practice in concentration, meditation and contemplation, many
       | years of building strong nerve fiber. But in a momentary high on
       | LSD or any other powerful psychedelic, such as mushrooms, peyote,
       | ecstasy or DMT, the nerve structure is strained, in a sense which
       | we can best describe as abnormal, to allow the individual to
       | reach this exalted consciousness. Coming out of it, the result is
       | often a kind of shock in which the person has a great difficulty
       | in readjusting to any kind of normal routine. [1]
       | 
       | [1] Living with Siva, 79
        
       | jokoon wrote:
       | Whatever you do please don't advocate to replace ssri with
       | psychedelics. Listen to a doctor or psychiatrist, just like it
       | was for vaccines.
       | 
       | And avoid personal anecdote, they have little value compared to
       | what a doctor says.
       | 
       | Thanks in advance.
        
         | bigyikes wrote:
         | I agree with your main point, but the bit about anecdotes is
         | tricky. We live in a society where research and information on
         | these substances has been suppressed. As a result, anecdotes,
         | to a large degree, are all we have.
         | 
         | This is gradually changing as we see new studies emerging with
         | the relaxation of regulation. However, the picture the data
         | paint is still quite limited compared to the wealth of personal
         | experiences that have been recorded over the decades.
        
       | yieldcrv wrote:
       | I agree, I sometimes run into people - usually corporate
       | employee, college educated people - "straight edge" people that
       | are just getting around to experimenting with psychadelics and
       | say things like "I'm not really into _drugs_ " and treading
       | carefully for that reason
       | 
       | Its a smart approach
       | 
       | But being unable to distinguish between "drugs" is sad
       | 
       | Its a categorization problem, its a anti drug education problem
       | that also categorized everything together and conflated
       | everything with wild rumors. Its a supply chain problem as
       | substances do need to be tested to ensure you are only getting
       | your psychedelic.
        
       | benbreen wrote:
       | I'm the author of the OP. Happy to talk more about the history of
       | psychedelics.
       | 
       | I also wanted to flag that if anyone is interested in some of the
       | historical sources I cite here (such as the Jesuit talking about
       | ayahuasca in the 18th century) I go into more detail in this
       | journal article, which is open access:
       | https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/a...
        
         | ImAnAmateur wrote:
         | I've got a question for you. Some people are very carefree with
         | their use of psychoactive drugs. I'd say nearly everyone I've
         | ever seen post online about trying mushrooms, LSD, etc. has
         | done it for fun (or the experience) instead of spiritual,
         | psychological, or medicinal reasons.
         | 
         | What risks are they exposing themselves to? I'd hate to have a
         | friend hurt themselves.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > What risks are they exposing themselves to? I'd hate to
           | have a friend hurt themselves.
           | 
           | Have your friend research Erowid, a place where people have
           | posted all possible sorts of information about mind-altering
           | substances and their risks.
        
             | ImAnAmateur wrote:
             | That is a good source. I've forgotten about that site for
             | years. Thank you.
        
           | colecut wrote:
           | I would imagine the same risks as someone doing it for
           | spiritual, psychological, or medicinal reasons
        
             | operatingthetan wrote:
             | Right, I'm confused what they are trying to accomplish
             | gatekeeping others intent.
        
               | ImAnAmateur wrote:
               | How is that gatekeeping? I'm trying to ask about what the
               | risks are for people who take it at a party or a festival
               | or at home for fun.
               | 
               | >Psychedelics like psilocybin have a remarkably benign
               | safety profile relative to other Schedule One drugs, not
               | to mention very different social, cultural and historical
               | roles. Lumping psychedelics together with powerful
               | opioids like fentanyl misdirects resources, diminishes
               | buy-in from the public and undercuts the legitimacy of
               | federal drug laws.
               | 
               | The author of the article does not specify what risks
               | these drugs have. Simply that they are relatively less
               | dangerous than synthetic opioids.
        
               | otherme123 wrote:
               | There are some studies, and LSD is quite safe. Way safer
               | than alcohol, for example.
               | 
               | But being on a very tight Schedule I (like MDMA, also
               | quite safe), worse even than morphine, good luck
               | researching the risks. It's a catch 22: we don't know the
               | risks, so we ban studies about the substance. We don't
               | have studies about the risks, so we cannot unban it.
               | 
               | When LSD was liberally consumed (1960's), there were
               | almost no deaths related to it. And the very few reports
               | are suspiciously "suicides" or "near suicides", which all
               | of them seems to be accidents while tripping, like any
               | drunk commit everyday (and not like LSD makes you
               | suicidal by choice). More serious reports have found
               | _zero_ deaths directly linked with LSD toxicity:
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29408722/
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | Sadly, "LSD is safe" doesn't mean "things sold as LSD and
               | that feel similar to LSD are safe". Lots of research
               | chemical LSD analogues feel very similar to LSD but are
               | dangerous. Just wanted to leave that disclaimer in case
               | anyone on the fence about trying it reads this. Be
               | careful.
        
               | emptysongglass wrote:
               | MDMA is not quite safe. We have decades of research to
               | prove otherwise now. r/DrugNerds have been putting out
               | study after study pointing this out. The protocols
               | required and safety measures for how often to dose are
               | not what folks are going to be doing generally. It is
               | neurotoxic.
               | 
               | LSD on the other hand, yes quite safe (and even good) for
               | _your brain_ , unless you're prone to mental illness or
               | currently suffering from mental illness.
        
             | nemosaltat wrote:
             | Since we're speculating. I would imagine like just about
             | all human experience, framing, priming and setting matter
             | quite a lot.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Given that, it seems like fun and pleasure are probably
               | safer than medicinal.
        
               | bozhark wrote:
               | Recreational will happen despite the restrictions. Why
               | not tax it an apply the funds where socially needed?
        
               | colecut wrote:
               | I agree that set and setting are huge factors in your
               | psychedelics experience. I am 'speculating' but also do
               | have a lot of experience in a variety of psychedelics.
               | 
               | I'm not sure where "intent" falls on that spectrum. The
               | vast majority of my experiences have been "for fun" or
               | "for the experience" at music festivals, concerts, or at
               | home..
               | 
               | I have also taken ayahuasca and changa with a shaman. I
               | was doing it "for the experience", but how is that
               | different from someone else who was in the same room as
               | me doing it an attempt to treat depression or anxiety?
               | How would the risks be different?
               | 
               | Being an anxious or depressed person in general may
               | increase risk factors of negative experience. This is
               | still not related to intent.
        
               | bozhark wrote:
               | Anxious or depressed people benefit from the experience
               | more so than someone of speculatively sound mind.
        
               | colecut wrote:
               | I think by the nature of their position, they have more
               | to potentially benefit.
               | 
               | But it's totally possible for an anxious person to end up
               | worse.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | coderintherye wrote:
           | Erowid is a great resource for these sorts of questions:
           | https://erowid.org
           | 
           | In fact they have an answer specific to your question on
           | mushrooms: https://www.erowid.org/ask/ask.php?ID=1606
           | 
           | In short, there is very little risk but whether or not
           | someone should choose to take something should still be an
           | informed choice. As far as risk to life, there's been few or
           | no reported deaths purely due to ingesting psilocybin.
           | However, there are small risks around operating heavy
           | machinery (e.g. driving) after as well as small risks around
           | ensuring you are actually ingesting a safe psilocybe mushroom
           | as opposed to a different toxic mushroom.
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | I think there's a lot more nuance than even that. Many
             | psychedelics can trigger or exacerbate undesirable mental
             | conditions that persist for the rest of your life.
        
               | bozhark wrote:
               | Nah, they don't cause undesirable mental conditions that
               | persist for the rest of your life. Your "trip" is about
               | 6-8 hours on a typical 3.5g dose.
        
               | kayodelycaon wrote:
               | That's not what they said, psychedelics can trigger
               | preexisting vulnerabilities to mental disorders. A
               | psychotic break can do enormous damage.
        
           | bozhark wrote:
           | Caffeine is a psychoactive drug.
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | As far as the cover photo, I don't think ketamine (a
         | replacement for PCP) and MDMA (an analogue of drugs like
         | Adderall (amphetamine class)) qualify as psychedelics. It makes
         | more sense to classify psychedelics as 5-HT2A partial agonists,
         | meaning LSD, psilocybin, DMT and analogs like bufotenin, and
         | mescaline, from a pharmacological perspective. See:
         | 
         | (LSD, mescaline, psilocybin)
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5756147/
         | 
         | (DMT) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9768567/
         | 
         | Ketamine and MDMA in contrast act through different pathways,
         | the former being a dissociative anaesthetic acting via the NMDA
         | receptor, and MDMA acting as much via dopamine receptors
         | (though unlike other amphetamines, it also increases serotonin
         | levels significantly). In popular use, these are so-called
         | party drugs, and users often have no idea what they're taking
         | (amphetamines and ketamine have been commonly sold as MDMA). I
         | don't know why they've been lumped in with true psychedelics so
         | frequently, but they're much more likely to be used
         | recreationally as a replacement for alcohol, cocaine, etc.
         | 
         | Secondly, I think naive users should be aware that the true
         | psychedelics are indeed dangerous if not treated with caution
         | and respect, in the same sense that a motorcycle is. Drive a
         | motorcycle too fast, bad things happen. Ingesting a large
         | amount of psychedelics is similar. There are at least two
         | particular dangers: immediately, a psychedelic overdose leaves
         | the user ambulatory, so they can end up falling off cliffs,
         | walking into traffic, and otherwise oblivious to dangerous
         | situations. Secondly, some people have traumatic responses to
         | very large doses of psychedelics that can take months to
         | recover from (dissociation from reality, paranoia, etc.).
         | 
         | Still, I think these drugs can be immensely beneficial and
         | people should be able to access them, much as people should be
         | able to drive motorcycles. Perhaps one solution is that they
         | should only be supplied in low dosage packaging (aka microdose
         | amounts), such that people don't accidentally take large doses
         | with the common unfortunate consequences. It's generally not a
         | good idea to think of them as 'recreational' either, although
         | many people are going to use them that way.
        
           | jokowueu wrote:
           | What a weird thing to gatekeep.
           | 
           | What you have mentioned are called classic psychadelics .
           | 
           | Something being a psychadelic has nothing to do with it's
           | pathways.
           | 
           | Let's take a look at the definition .
           | 
           | Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose
           | primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary mental states
           | (known as psychedelic experiences or psychedelic "trips")
           | and/or an apparent expansion of consciousness
           | 
           | This fits ketamine perfectly, I have tried many substances
           | and ketamine is one of the most powerful substances I have
           | tried .
        
           | pcthrowaway wrote:
           | Just because they act through different pathways doesn't mean
           | they're not psychedelics.
           | 
           | They're not Tryptamines, sure, but they _are_ psychedelic
           | even if they act differently from  "classical hallucinogens"
           | (to borrow a similarly strange term I've read in scientific
           | literature).
           | 
           | Salvia is also not a 5-HT2A agonist, does that mean it's not
           | a psychedelic?
        
         | cies wrote:
         | The categories law has for drugs suck, psychs dont need a new
         | category, they simply need to be unscheduled. Like daffodils.
        
         | ttctciyf wrote:
         | I'm curious why you're dissatisfied with the organically
         | arrived at "folk taxonomic" category: _psychedelics_. Are you
         | looking for a new classification in law?
        
           | JadeNB wrote:
           | The article specifically refers not just to the cultural, but
           | also to the legal and medical, thinking about psychedelics.
        
             | ttctciyf wrote:
             | From the article:
             | 
             | > this new landscape demands more than just new laws. It
             | also requires a new category for psychedelics. Are they
             | recreational drugs? Are they medicines? Are they religious
             | sacraments?
             | 
             | I'm asking why we can't just answer this question with
             | "They are psychedelics".
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | Because legally, that's as meaningful as saying "they are
               | quooquaquams".
               | 
               | The entire point of categorizing them is to answer
               | questions around:
               | 
               | - Should they be sold to take recreationally, like
               | tobacco and alcohol? Should there be limits, like tobacco
               | packaging and taxes, or rules similar to drunk driving?
               | 
               | - Or should they only be prescribed by doctors for mental
               | health reasons, and not allowed recreationally or in
               | religious ceremonies?
               | 
               | - Or should there be exceptions for certain religious
               | ceremonies as well? Is this open to anyone (so Catholics
               | can invent a ceremony) or only ones that have
               | traditionally used it? Does it require licensing or
               | authorization?
               | 
               | By categorizing them, we come to answers on these
               | questions. If they fit into existing categories, we don't
               | have to write many new laws except to state the
               | categories. Or if we decide they don't fit into existing
               | categories, we come up with a new category with its own
               | set of answers and new laws to write, but part of this
               | whole process is determining if that's necessary or not.
               | And even if it is, the name of the label may not be
               | "psychadelics" because we realize there's another set of
               | non-psychadelic compounds that make sense to be included
               | as well (e.g. empathogens like MDMA).
        
               | PragmaticPulp wrote:
               | > Because legally, that's as meaningful as saying "they
               | are quooquaquams".
               | 
               | I don't see how this is at all equivalent, given that
               | "psychedelics" is a well-known term that can be found
               | throughout decades of literature and that gibberish word
               | you just made up has no attached meaning.
               | 
               | If you're equating random gibberish words to well-known
               | words in literature then why does anything have any
               | meaning? Why would a new word have meaning?
               | 
               | Regardless, the laws generally don't refer to
               | "psychedelics", they refer to specific chemicals by their
               | name. There are numerous compounds that would be
               | considered psychedelics that are, nevertheless, not
               | illegal because they're not covered by any laws
               | (including analog acts)
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | Because the term found through decades of literature
               | isn't attached to legal categories, as I explained. It's
               | the same way the term "drug" doesn't have much legal
               | distinction, as I can't think of any legal commonalities
               | spanning coffee, alcohol, Lipitor, cannabis, and heroin.
               | 
               | > _Regardless, the laws... refer to specific chemicals by
               | their name._
               | 
               | Not directly, very often. I doubt there's any specific
               | law around Lipitor. Rather, drugs are grouped into
               | categories and then the laws that permit or restrict them
               | are mostly around those categories. Otherwise it would
               | all be incredibly redundant (with exceptions for certain
               | incredibly common drugs like alcohol). And the question
               | here is how to categorize pyschadelics for legal
               | purposes. And saying that we just call them psychadelics
               | answers as many legal questions as saying we call them
               | quooquaquams -- i.e. zero.
        
               | ttctciyf wrote:
               | So, short answer, "yes a legal category is what's being
               | asked for".
               | 
               | Got it.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | Is there a downside to totally deregulating them?
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | Is there a downside to deregulating them? (Like
               | supplements.)
        
               | bozhark wrote:
               | There is not licensing or authorization for religion.
               | 
               | There is no application for approval required to be a
               | "church", ie: religion.
               | 
               | Thinking there could be some "authority" for a religious
               | institution's practices is beyond measure.
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | There absolutely is both for tax purposes as well as for
               | legal religious exemptions.
               | 
               | You can't just arbitrarily call your house a church to
               | avoid paying property taxes. Government authorities have
               | to make decisions all the time over what they deem to be
               | a legitimate religious organization.
               | 
               | You obviously don't need a license or authorization to
               | engage in otherwise legal religious practice, but as soon
               | as you want legal exemptions, the government most
               | certainly has a say. And the ritual consumption of
               | otherwise illegal drugs couldn't be a more perfect
               | example.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | refurb wrote:
               | Many drugs are already all of those.
               | 
               | Opioids are both recreational drugs and medicines.
               | 
               | Peyote is a recreational drug and religious sacrament.
               | 
               | This seems to ignore this fact.
        
         | jimbob45 wrote:
         | Do you have any data on the level of criminality of those on
         | psychedelics versus a control group?
        
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