[HN Gopher] Fast
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Fast
        
       Author : valtism
       Score  : 421 points
       Date   : 2023-07-05 19:34 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (patrickcollison.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (patrickcollison.com)
        
       | nodesocket wrote:
       | The iconic patrol boat river[1] used in Vietnam took just seven
       | days to create a prototype from the civilian boat maker Hatteras
       | Yachts. It used Jacuzzi jets.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrol_Boat,_River
        
       | zetazzed wrote:
       | One of the examples here is the Berlin airlift. If you are
       | interested in the Berlin airlift, I'd really recommend the book
       | "Checkmate Berlin" (Giles Milton). It starts in 1945 and covers
       | the whole arc of the Soviet-Western relationship. You could argue
       | that it is rather rah-rah anti-Soviet, but I read it in mid-2022
       | and was down for that. Really fun read with great spy and
       | political stories.
        
       | draw_down wrote:
       | I have to admit this one does make me grumble a bit. Greenfields
       | is fast! You don't have to keep the old thing going or take care
       | to avoid disturbing it because there is no old thing!
       | 
       | It seems an obvious point; I remember watching him present a
       | version of this in person and it occurred to me sitting there.
        
       | crop_rotation wrote:
       | Having worked at a top 5 big tech company from college hire to a
       | high level position, I have seen many factors that contribute to
       | things being much slower than a startup. Some of them might be
       | valid, but others are just the result of tragedy of large
       | organisations (a big tech company is surprisingly similar to
       | governments in terms of internal bureaucracy).
       | 
       | * Large number of people and orgs willing and fighting to take
       | credit. If you need 1 week of support from an org, forget it
       | unless you give them large credit worth a huge amount of work.
       | This means you need to justify that credit via creating more
       | work.
       | 
       | * Centralized internal product offerings which act similar to
       | government given monopoly companies (think AT&T before breakup).
       | Since that is the only entity offering that product, their
       | offering doesn't have to compete with the in market offerings and
       | thus can be as bad as needed, as long as it is tolerable.
       | 
       | * Everyone laser focused on their own org size and org power.
       | This means tons of metric chasing, a lot of which requires
       | creating work. For instance, if writing an if else can have a big
       | impact delivering a lot in revenue, you write 5 new applications
       | to soak up the revenue impact and show that something big was
       | done. (A brilliant 2 liner regardless of impact will receive some
       | claps but won't do much for the org power).
       | 
       | * The slowly increasing number of incompetent hires. The
       | politically savvy ones survive and keep moving up and keep doing
       | whatever needed to increase their power.
        
         | gowld wrote:
         | Credit is free. I love getting work when all it costs is
         | credit.
        
         | q7xvh97o2pDhNrh wrote:
         | > a big tech company is surprisingly similar to governments in
         | terms of internal bureaucracy
         | 
         | Underrated point. It didn't _really_ sink in for me until I saw
         | the numbers with my own eyes.
         | 
         | From a quick DDG search of publicly available info, here's [1]
         | the numbers for FAANG headcount as of the end of 2022:
         | - Meta:        86,000       - Apple:      164,000       -
         | Amazon:   1,541,000       - Netflix:     12,800       - Google:
         | 190,000
         | 
         | The numbers get a bit smaller if you focus only on creative
         | roles (engineering, design, etc) -- but it's still an
         | _enormous_ amount of people. And all of them are constantly
         | moving at the speed of realtime chat to jump on every project
         | and figure out how they can use it to advance their careers.
         | The politics and bureaucracy are practically inevitable at this
         | scale.
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/META/meta-
         | platform... (all companies' numbers slightly rounded for easy
         | reading)
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Google released its search engine when it was just 2 guys.
           | 
           | If those two guys kept working on it for the past 25 years,
           | but hired nobody new, I wonder what their product would look
           | like? I suspect it would still be pretty decent.
        
             | kybernetikos wrote:
             | Difficult to know. It would have been difficult for them to
             | make money without adding an ads team. Without making money
             | it would have been difficult for them to create the
             | infrastructure to process the large amounts of data and
             | change that are a big part of how google search works these
             | days. Would a two man company focused on search have
             | created google maps or google earth? Probably not -
             | gathering just the data for streetview was a pretty huge
             | undertaking. Their geographic search capabilities would
             | probably have been nonexistent.
        
               | crabmusket wrote:
               | Google acquired both Maps and Earth, they didn't create
               | them.
        
               | kybernetikos wrote:
               | That's interesting, but I don't think it diminishes the
               | point - a two person company would have been pretty
               | unlikely to acquire them, or stay two person if it did
               | and needed to integrate them with their search product.
        
               | crabmusket wrote:
               | Agreed, but why should we care whether Google was able to
               | acquire service X or Y?
               | 
               | (It's one of my pet peeves when people elide the massive
               | amount of innovation that happens in small companies
               | which then gets conglomerated under one of 5 massive
               | brands.)
               | 
               | I'd argue that Google's one major innovation is the ad-
               | supported free business model for most of these services.
               | From a casual skim, it looks like most of the revenue for
               | the company that built what became Earth was from the
               | military. Google took that and made it "free" for regular
               | people.
        
             | xeonmc wrote:
             | It would be like Dwarf Fortress
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | It wouldn't ever have become what we know of as Google
             | today.
             | 
             | When I worked at Google I was lucky and had coffee with
             | Jeff Dean and Sanjay Ghemawat many mornings when my desk
             | was near them and we had shared interests. I got the chance
             | to quiz Jeff a bunch about the early days. When they
             | joined, L&S had already handed indexing off to a couple
             | programmers who had written a system that had to be run all
             | the way through (all steps of indexing) to build a whole
             | new index. Any failure in any step- even just one simple
             | worker- meant you had to run all over again. That led to
             | the development of MapReduce, GFS, and BigTable, which
             | allowed google to scale search while also improving search
             | prerformance (latency of a query, latency of crawling hot
             | documents and having them appear in the index). Jeff
             | definitely didn't have a high opinion of Larry and Sergey's
             | programming skills.
             | 
             | But then, the search engine was really just phase 0 in
             | Larry's attempt to revoluntize the world of information,
             | sort of the things you have to do at the start of a
             | realtime strategy game to get your tech tree up to AI.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | > I suspect it would still be pretty decent.
             | 
             | A fun thought experiment, but I suspect they'd be bankrupt
             | from the meritless lawsuits that come from being big, or in
             | prison for not being able to follow laws they had to be big
             | to lobby against.
             | 
             | And even if not, the combined efforts of the scammers would
             | probably evolve faster than two people could react.
        
               | ireadmevs wrote:
               | Since we are in fun thought experiment mode, here's
               | another one I just had: what if we somehow could prevent
               | companies from getting too big? Would we manage to keep a
               | line where they all stay more or less in "pretty decent"
               | territory?
        
               | kuchenbecker wrote:
               | By what metric, and how would it be different than
               | antitrust enforcement?
               | 
               | E.g. a product that is clearly better can legally capture
               | 100% market share. Only leveraging that market power is
               | illegal.
               | 
               | I genuinely think a rule along the lines of "anything
               | with 30%+ market share is scrutinized as having
               | monopolistic network effect advantage" would have net
               | positive outcomes on competition.
        
             | chaxor wrote:
             | I suspect it would be substantially better. Less UX, more
             | capability.
        
           | danudey wrote:
           | A friend of mine was working on a contract project for a
           | major Canadian telco. The project was almost entirely
           | complete, just a few things left to get the client to sign
           | off on the project and go live. None of the people involved
           | on the telco side had a huge interest in this project; it was
           | just something else that was going on.
           | 
           | Then, suddenly, it seems as though they realized that this
           | small project was the CEO's pet project. Overnight, everyone
           | involved suddenly had opinions on what could be changed to be
           | better, to be friendlier. Change the colors, the fonts, the
           | layout, move things around, pick a different image, back and
           | forth. As soon as there was an opportunity to attach their
           | name in a place the CEO might see, everyone was clamoring to
           | make some kind of a difference as soon as possible.
           | 
           | In the end, it delayed the project by weeks and wasted huge
           | amount of my friend's agency's time trying to push back on
           | all of these changes on things that had already been
           | approved, or which didn't need to be changed. Incredibly
           | gross.
        
           | novok wrote:
           | Amazon and apple's numbers are inflated by retail and
           | warehouse staff significantly, who are effectively political
           | non actors as far as this dynamic goes
        
         | khazhoux wrote:
         | > Large number of people and orgs willing and fighting to take
         | credit. If you need 1 week of support from an org, forget it
         | unless you give them large credit worth a huge amount of work.
         | This means you need to justify that credit via creating more
         | work.
         | 
         | I've worked at a couple of top 5 tech companies, and it saddens
         | me that people have such a sour/cynical view. You're saying
         | that people don't move unless they get credit... but isn't it
         | more likely that the people you need support from, are (1)
         | already overloaded with work for other teams, (2) busy with
         | their own core work, and (3) it's hard to keep plans aligned
         | between very large number of teams, which then often makes
         | "simple" requests difficult?
        
           | crop_rotation wrote:
           | Unfortunately this has been my observation seeing internal
           | deal making, and it becomes stronger the more higher level
           | discussions I see. To take a hypothetical example, let's say
           | a team owns some very simple central config store, and every
           | now and then someone needs to get an entry added there. The
           | speed of getting it added would so strongly depend on the
           | favour you can do for them. A matter of adding a new key in a
           | json file can take from hours to weeks depending on who asks.
           | 
           | The idealists just lose out on promotions
        
         | sealeck wrote:
         | Having worked at some startups I think there are a lot of
         | problems too
         | 
         | - too many startups are founded by non-technical people. This
         | almost inevitably ends in disaster, unless they have a
         | technical co-founder with equal levels of decision and control
         | 
         | - because invariably the money is not the founder's they aren't
         | thinking of ways to save money. Some VC funds like a16z are
         | partially to blame for this by telling the startups they invest
         | in that sometimes it's a good idea to burn money in order to
         | grab land, but the point where it doesn't make sense to spend
         | more effort on efficiency is not one which a lot of startups
         | reach.
         | 
         | - a lot of the business models make zero sense, have zero
         | testing performed on and no data gathered to attempt to
         | validate. Just like you wouldn't build a train without some
         | computer simulations and test models, and wouldn't launch it
         | without test runs you shouldn't do the same for a startup
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       |  _Fast (2019)_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30872279 -
       | March 2022 (97 comments)
       | 
       |  _Fast_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21848860 - Dec
       | 2019 (291 comments)
       | 
       |  _Fast - Examples of people quickly accomplishing ambitious
       | things together_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21844301
       | - Dec 2019 (2 comments)
       | 
       |  _Fast * Patrick Collison_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21355237 - Oct 2019 (3
       | comments)
        
       | jljljl wrote:
       | For the Van Ness Bus Line example: one reason there were major
       | delays was because maps of underground sewer lines and plumbing
       | were inaccurate, and needed to be relocated. The 6 years of
       | construction was really a bus lane + major sewer infrastructure
       | project.
       | 
       | Which brings up another reason why some of these projects were
       | Fast -- they operated in places where there there wasn't existing
       | infrastructure or residents to deal with, or cut corners on
       | planning and mapping, which future projects now have to deal
       | with.
       | 
       | https://sfstandard.com/transportation/van-ness-brt-bus-rapid...
       | Immediately after breaking ground, construction delays began.
       | Existing maps of old gas, water and sewer lines flowing beneath
       | the center of Van Ness Avenue proved inaccurate, slowing
       | excavation and causing the city to bring in utility contractors.
       | The utility placement also made the BRT's center-lane design a
       | challenge: Any future sewer and water repairs would disable
       | bussing for the duration of repair. Plus, overhead bus electrical
       | wires would need to be fully removed for the safety of the crews.
       | Water and sewer infrastructure needed to be moved to the outside
       | lanes to keep the center-lane BRT design -- deemed the best for
       | traffic flow.
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | Lots of things happened _fast_ during WWII.
         | 
         | One of the big reasons, was that regulatory hurdles were
         | removed.
         | 
         | The result:
         | 
         | Long Island is one big Superfund site, and our cancer rates are
         | _through the roof_. I know of _at least_ six women, in my
         | immediate orbit, that are currently being, or have recently
         | been, treated for breast cancer.
         | 
         | Before I moved here, thirty-two years ago, I had never met
         | anyone that had cancer. Since moving here, I have known _at
         | least_ one person per year (often more), that had /have cancer.
         | 
         | Part of that is probably age, as I've gotten older, so too, has
         | my peer group, but I wasn't that old, in 1990, when I moved
         | here.
         | 
         | The difference is that they died a lot more frequently, back
         | then.
        
           | m463 wrote:
           | Not to knock the success of git, or the amazing effort under
           | pressure, but the cohesiveness / understandability could be
           | better.
        
             | nine_k wrote:
             | Most of the inconsistencies, like "checkout" having three
             | different functions, were added much later, in attempts to
             | make UX niftier locally, without thinking about the product
             | as a whole.
        
             | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
             | That's a good point.
             | 
             | But Git was initially written by one cranky Finn, in ten
             | days.
             | 
             | It totally changed the way we all work.
        
               | gwd wrote:
               | > But Git was initially written by one cranky Finn, in
               | ten days. It totally changed the way we all work.
               | 
               | To be fair, Linus was trying to replace Bitkeeper, a
               | proprietary DVCS which he'd been using to maintain the
               | kernel for several years at that point. Mercurial, which
               | runs on similar principles, was around at the time too.
               | He didn't just make a quantum conceptual leap straight
               | from SVM to git on his own in 10 days; he had a pretty
               | good idea what he wanted to build (probably even ideas
               | about the architecture) before he started.
               | 
               | It's still darned impressive; just not supernaturally
               | impressive. :-)
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | JavaScript was also famously built in 10 days.
               | 
               | I'd say that internally git is more consistent %)
        
         | lchengify wrote:
         | > one reason there were major delays was because maps of
         | underground sewer lines and plumbing were inaccurate, and
         | needed to be relocated.
         | 
         | New York calls this "peek and shriek" [1]. No one really knows
         | whats under the street until you start digging.
         | 
         | The Van Ness Bus line was particularly bad because it failed to
         | adjust expectations and project management once this was
         | discovered. In NY at least everyone expects it to happen,
         | infrastructure there dates back hundreds of years.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/08/18/nyregion/new-...
        
         | danem wrote:
         | For anyone looking for an in-depth post mortem of the Van Ness
         | bus line, please read the report from the SF Civil Grand Jury
         | here:
         | https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2020_2021/2021%20CGJ%20Repo...
        
           | kfarr wrote:
           | Great report except it missed the most obvious
           | recommendation: "decouple transit improvement from utilities
           | projects"
        
             | jljljl wrote:
             | The issue was that in this case they couldn't -- a lot of
             | the BRT benefits came from creating a center lane, and that
             | center lane was infeasible unless they did the utility
             | project first.
        
         | seti0Cha wrote:
         | I can't comment on the bus line example, but the New York Times
         | had a great write-up
         | (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/28/nyregion/new-york-
         | subway-...) about subway building in New York. At least in New
         | York there's a lot more going on than the reasons you point
         | out. Particularly damning is the fact that Paris is
         | successfully building subways at a 10th of the cost in far less
         | time despite having even more constraints around digging.
        
           | porphyra wrote:
           | The recent additions to the Rome Metro were also built faster
           | and cheaper compared to, say, the Central Subway in San
           | Francisco, despite all the archaeological artifacts in Rome
           | slowing down the digging.
        
           | jljljl wrote:
           | Yeah, this is a much better example and reflection of how
           | weakened institutions and process can drive up costs.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | Thats the story, but everyone who transited Van Ness during
         | that time saw the same thing - very little work actually being
         | done. The equipment just sat there idle most of the time. A
         | more efficient process could have come in and finished the
         | work, block by block in far less time if they actually, y'know,
         | worked on it. People in construction tell me that it's because
         | they're always waiting on the other guy to finish their job
         | before they can do theirs. Where's the Gantt chart for Van
         | Ness? Where's the accountability?
        
           | dmix wrote:
           | What are you going have consequences in the project
           | management office of a gov contractor that probably has no
           | real competition, besides maybe multiple years later when
           | it's politically convenient? Fire the lower level union
           | workers slacking off?
           | 
           | The fact every single major infrastructure project is a
           | decade late and 3x over budget is just normal and tolerated
           | by the people running the show across the US/Canada. The gov
           | workers picking who wins these gov contracts (usually the
           | same small set of companies) doesn't seem to care, despite
           | extensive track records of the same behaviour. They probably
           | have jobs lined up at these companies there afterwards.
           | 
           | It's only natural human behaviour to not put effort in if
           | there's no consequences or risk in doing so. This is
           | Public/private partnerships 101.
        
             | ireadmevs wrote:
             | > It's only natural human behaviour to not put effort in if
             | there's no consequences or risk in doing so.
             | 
             | That's nonsense. That's like saying that it's only natural
             | human behavior to abuse and be abused. If I put myself in
             | the shoes of an underpaid sewage worker, that has a family
             | to maintain, that sees the owner and investors of said
             | private companies getting obscenely rich just by closings
             | contracts under their AC... yeah, I'd slack the s* out of
             | it too.
        
           | jljljl wrote:
           | There was a Grand Jury report analyzing the causes of the
           | delay in the Van Ness project. While the unexpected
           | conditions of the underground utilities is cited as the
           | primary cause, it does touch on some project management
           | aspects that you mention as opportunities for improvement:
           | 
           | https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2020_2021/2021%20CGJ%20Repo.
           | ..
           | 
           | Ironically, _more_ planning and analysis at the beginning of
           | the project (e.g., by potholing and inspecting the condition
           | of utilities underneath Van Ness may have avoided the
           | construction delays.
        
             | temp_5089413 wrote:
             | I worked on that report! (Throwaway because, well, my real
             | name is on the second page...)
             | 
             | The lack of meaningful technical planning was a big part of
             | it, and so was the contract-awarding math, but I think the
             | most striking - and generally applicable - behind-the-
             | scenes stories were about what happens when trust breaks
             | down at a human level. The city's internal back and forth
             | on approving and then un-approving a subcontractor at the
             | beginning meant that the GC was more likely to work to the
             | letter of the contract when things went wrong later,
             | instead of collaborating to solve problems. The one
             | positive thing the city eventually did to get the project
             | moving forward, according to all the information we got,
             | was put someone with some amount of authority _on the
             | ground_ to _talk to people_.
             | 
             | Rereading the report now, all of these facts are in there,
             | but I wish we'd found a way to stress this part more. You
             | see the same thing in every industry, whether it's
             | individuals or teams or companies working together - the
             | best laid plans mean nothing unless the people involved are
             | actually interested in tackling challenges as they come up.
             | Culture eats strategy, and all that. A culture of writing a
             | plan and then either strictly following it or throwing a
             | fit when it can't be followed isn't a culture that can do
             | great work.
        
               | jljljl wrote:
               | Thank you for commenting! I didn't get those details in
               | the first read of the report, but looking through now I
               | can see what you mean.
               | 
               | It definitely does convey that once things were going
               | wrong, the relationship broke down quickly, and it was
               | hard to adapt once the trust was lost.
        
         | AYBABTME wrote:
         | Sure, complications happened. But how efficiently was each day,
         | each hour, used to solve these problems.
        
           | dmix wrote:
           | Hey if there's some delay caused by your team you can always
           | just go back to the gov with shaking the money tin and
           | explaining some 'unexpected outcomes'. The fact it's the same
           | outcome every project is a feature not a bug.
        
       | oli5679 wrote:
       | I was really interested that the current Haggia Sophia structure
       | was built in less than 6 years. I am used to construction times
       | of cathedrals and other religious buildings spanning multiple
       | generations.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagia_Sophia
        
       | pyrale wrote:
       | I don't deny the achievements, but this article is the
       | quintessential illustration of survivorship bias.
        
         | numbsafari wrote:
         | It's also a great example of "headlines without reading the
         | article". There's no discussion of consequences, and some of
         | the items don't really reflect how much work had to go on after
         | the initial effort to make things what they are today (JS and
         | git being prime examples).
        
           | danudey wrote:
           | My son built a fort out of couch cushions in just six
           | minutes, and yet the city can't approve a condo tower project
           | without months or years of public consultations and impact
           | assessments? Ridiculous!
        
       | firebirdn99 wrote:
       | Moving fast, means breaking things. With more scale, more danger.
        
       | nickdothutton wrote:
       | In the UK we have been debating building 1 more runway at 1
       | airport for about 50 years and still it's not settled. Meanwhile
       | China has built several entire islands in the ocean and put
       | airports on them.
        
       | arvindh-manian wrote:
       | For a recent infrastructure example, I would point to Beijing's
       | high speed rail expansion. Around 24k miles constructed since
       | 2008, and around ~12k in five years [1].
       | 
       | [1] https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/china-high-speed-rail-
       | cmd...
        
       | moffkalast wrote:
       | > To determine the amount of fuel the plane would need, Lindbergh
       | and Hall drove to the San Diego Public Library at 820 E St. Using
       | a globe and a piece of string, Lindbergh estimated the distance
       | from New York to Paris. It came out to 3,600 statute miles, which
       | Hall calculated would require 400 gallons of gas.
       | 
       | Seems legit.
        
       | antipaul wrote:
       | > On August 9 1968, NASA decided that Apollo 8 should go to the
       | moon. It launched on December 21 1968, 134 days later
       | 
       | But they were planning to get to that destination, with the same
       | Apollo program, for years before that...
       | 
       | This example seems a bit of a stretch, which makes me hesitate on
       | the other examples.
       | 
       | And another source of hesitation comes from this parallel: -
       | During Covid, it was said that China built a new hospital in like
       | 8 days, and it was claimed "we can't do that" etc - But then we
       | created a temporary 1000-bed hospital in 7 days: "It was much
       | quicker than we usually design, engineer and construct a
       | project... We worked 24 hours a day, seven days a week with our
       | vertical team to spec out the sites [and] award contracts, and
       | then began work immediately after the contracts were awarded."
       | [1]
       | 
       | [1] https://www.defense.gov/News/News-
       | Stories/Article/Article/21...
        
       | nine_zeros wrote:
       | Literally every single thing in this list was produced by a group
       | of people moving towards a well-defined, unified goal.
       | 
       | But in today's FAANG and FAANG-wannabes, these kinds of efforts
       | are near impossible because of middle-management politics. So
       | much of time goes in stack ranking and performance reviews that
       | no engineer is ever going to collaborate.
       | 
       | Perhaps CEOs are so far removed from their employees that they
       | don't even realize what is actually going on in the company.
        
         | arvindh-manian wrote:
         | Reminds me of
         | https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/pHfPvb4JMhGDr4B7n/recursive-...
        
           | nine_zeros wrote:
           | This post is incredibly accurate.
        
       | GuB-42 wrote:
       | The website checks out.
       | 
       | Less than 20kB (10kB with compression), loads instantly.
        
       | shaftoe444 wrote:
       | Given how impossible it is to build anything here anymore the
       | spped in which the Victorians built the railway network in the UK
       | amazes me. 6,000 miles of track were built in 1846-1848 alone.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_Mania
        
       | nashashmi wrote:
       | By not overthinking, they come up with very quick and dirty
       | Designs, and leave the rest for future generations to fix.
       | 
       | This is why we get lessons like environmental studies assessment.
       | We become extra careful now.
        
         | kristianp wrote:
         | Kind of MVPs compared to the overspecifed-gold plated modern
         | projects.
        
       | anonymousiam wrote:
       | This may be one of the best (worst) examples of how bad things
       | are today. The California High-Speed Rail was funded over 15
       | years ago and they haven't begun building it yet. They are 82% of
       | the way through their environmental studies.
       | 
       | https://hsr.ca.gov/about/capital-costs-funding/
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/cahsra/status/1674900759677227012
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | It may delight you to know, then, that they've started
         | building, and in fact they've built a bunch of stuff for it
         | already! As of March 2023, 50 miles of guideway are complete,
         | 39 are underway; 41 structures are complete, and 29 are
         | underway1. Some of the completed structures include:
         | 
         | - The Cedar Viaduct, a 3,700-foot-long bridge over State Route
         | 99 in Fresno, which features a signature double arch design2.
         | 
         | - The Hanford Viaduct, a 3,300-foot-long bridge over the Kings
         | River and State Route 43 in Kings County, which is the longest
         | structure in Construction Package 2-324.
         | 
         | - The San Joaquin River Viaduct, a 4,700-foot-long bridge over
         | the San Joaquin River and North Avenue in Fresno County, which
         | includes a pergola structure to allow future trains to cross
         | over the existing BNSF Railway tracks23.
         | 
         | - The Tuolumne Street Bridge, a two-way bridge that spans the
         | Union Pacific Railroad tracks and future high-speed rail tracks
         | in downtown Fresno23.
         | 
         | - The Fresno Trench and State Route 180 Passageway, a two-mile-
         | long trench that will carry high-speed trains under several
         | streets in Fresno, including State Route 18023.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_of_California_Hi
         | g....
         | 
         | [2] https://hsr.ca.gov/about/project-update-
         | reports/2023-project....
         | 
         | [3] https://hsr.ca.gov/2023/05/11/video-release-high-speed-
         | rail-....
         | 
         | [4] https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/high-speed-
         | rail/article...
        
           | dang wrote:
           | > _What are you talking about?_
           | 
           | Please edit swipes like that out of your HN posts, as the
           | site guidelines request:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html.
           | 
           | Your comment would be just fine without that bit.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | Fixed, thanks.
        
         | gowld wrote:
         | _Initial_ funding was 15 years ago. Construction funds weren 't
         | approved until 2013 when construction contracts started to be
         | awarded. Construction began in 2015.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_California_High-Spe...
         | 
         | https://hsr.ca.gov/about/project-update-reports/2023-project...
         | 
         | "Progress continues across the 171 miles under construction and
         | development in the Central Valley, including more than 30
         | active construction sites and 69 structures or grade separation
         | projects either underway or completed."
        
         | jonny_eh wrote:
         | > environmental studies
         | 
         | There's your answer. It's one of the biggest reasons why it's
         | so hard to build infrastructure and housing, even for green
         | projects like wind farms.
        
       | yankput wrote:
       | What about Duke Nukem Forever?
        
       | bovermyer wrote:
       | Fast always has a price.
       | 
       | > Construction start was delayed two weeks to allow the 42
       | families living on Pine Point, which was scheduled to be
       | demolished to build the shipyard, to move.
        
       | mamonster wrote:
       | Very interesting thing(maybe sample representativeness) is that
       | there aren't any "fast" things from the 2010-2020 decade. Does
       | anyone have anything impressive in mind? Personally can't think
       | of anything myself.
        
         | shawndrost wrote:
         | About 30% of interstate gas pipelines were built between
         | 2007-2017 as one of the many consequences of the shale boom.
         | Global LNG trade doubled in the same window.
         | 
         | Germany installed 6 (floating) LNG import terminals in 2022.
         | 
         | California built five gas-fired power plants in a few months in
         | 2021, after a blackout.
         | 
         | We can still build things fast when there is institutional will
         | to do so.
        
         | Hovertruck wrote:
         | Depending on where you draw the lines, maybe Oculus. I think
         | from the formation of the company to shipping dev kits was less
         | than a year, but there was obviously research and prototypes
         | that happened prior to that, and it was a while before they
         | were shipping consumer devices.
         | 
         | Redis barely misses the decade cut I think, with an early 2009
         | start to a production launch and rapid adoption starting around
         | mid-2009.
        
         | oli5679 wrote:
         | Alphago?
         | 
         | I think it only took a couple of years from 2014-16, and it was
         | marked as being decades away by many experts at the time.
         | 
         | I also remember lots of ridicule about Instagram only being a
         | year or so old, when it was acquired, and possibly some of the
         | Space X rocket development programs count as 'fast' although I
         | don't know all the details.
        
           | sterlind wrote:
           | The examples in Fast aren't breakthroughs, they're just big
           | engineering projects. AlphaGo's design is quite simple, the
           | estimate of decades was prior to the discovery of the
           | unexpected power of deep neural networks.
        
         | q7xvh97o2pDhNrh wrote:
         | The entire ride-sharing/delivery/logistics space was moving
         | ridiculously fast during that time.
         | 
         | Remember those photos of thousands of multicolored bicycles
         | abandoned in fields? Or the scooters being yeeted into the
         | ocean, global riots from taxi drivers, the collapse of the taxi
         | medallion market, regulatory debates in every
         | city/state/country, billions of VC money raised in weeks (or
         | days), the Darwinian M&A scene as companies were devoured in
         | the jungle as quickly as they were founded...
         | 
         | ...and, of course, the fact that you could _finally_ push a
         | button and make a bag of groceries appear. (Though the
         | 3,600,000 millisecond latency still isn 't great on that one.)
        
           | opportune wrote:
           | Even though this in the long run may have burned more money
           | than it yielded, I think this also represented a pretty
           | landmark shift in how people saw computers (including
           | smartphones). They were no longer just devices for surfing
           | the web or messaging. Between this, and the rise of
           | Amazon/online shopping, computers were now ways to actuate
           | the world
        
         | cscheid wrote:
         | One thing that saved an estimated couple of million lives comes
         | to mind.
        
           | JimDabell wrote:
           | > from the 2010-2020 decade
           | 
           | Depends exactly how you define this. If it's inclusive of
           | 2020, sure. If it isn't, then it won't include the COVID
           | vaccines.
        
             | chaxor wrote:
             | The vaccine development happened effectively in a weekend.
             | The long period of time to develop isn't related to
             | science, it's the bureaucracy afterwards that took so long.
             | So depends on the definition.
        
               | JimDabell wrote:
               | Isn't that partly the point of the linked page? That one
               | of the things contributing to how slow things go these
               | days is that bureaucracy can grind quick developments to
               | a halt?
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | COVID19 vaccine was 2021, wasn't it? Just slightly outside
           | the decade.
           | 
           | A lot of war-equipment got spun up in 2022 and 2023 extremely
           | quickly, but I don't think people are talking about that.
           | 
           | -----------
           | 
           | EDIT: The 2010s through 2020s were a period of incredibly low
           | interest rates and cheap money. Most projects were thinking
           | long-term, for good reason. When interest rates are 0% and
           | you got free money / free borrowing, there's not much point
           | in doing anything quickly.
           | 
           | We've got stupendously stupid ideas like MoviePass getting
           | deployed, and bankrupted, within months. Does that count?
           | Presumably we want something that wasn't "just" fast, but
           | also impressive / accomplished something real.
        
             | SamReidHughes wrote:
             | It was announced in November 2020.
        
             | jyxent wrote:
             | I guess it depends what endpoint you are talking about. The
             | actual vaccine was pretty quick, it was the phases of
             | testing that took longer: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edga
             | r/data/1682852/000119312520...
        
               | rzzzt wrote:
               | Also the starting point. IIRC the technology already
               | existed for SARS-CoV-1, but it went on a hiatus before
               | producing a vaccine became necessary.
        
       | antipaul wrote:
       | As another comment points out, what about "preparation" time?
       | 
       | I guess the timelines depend on when you start the clock.
       | 
       | Does anyone have a credible example of going fast, and where it
       | really was a "zero to one" kind of process?
        
       | d0gsg0w00f wrote:
       | I'd like to add the 2017 Atlanta I-85 bridge collapse and rebuild
       | to this list. The entire rebuild took only 45 days!
       | 
       | https://transportationops.org/case-studies/i-85-bridge-colla...
        
       | lemming wrote:
       | > Brendan Eich implemented the first prototype for JavaScript in
       | 10 days, in May 1995.
       | 
       | And 28 years later, the world is still investing untold millions
       | of dollars, and untold person-years of effort, working around it.
        
         | jljljl wrote:
         | A lot of red-tape and delays in modern projects is contending
         | with debt from "Fast" projects
        
           | djbusby wrote:
           | If done right, the FastThing gets the money flowing to
           | refactor into the GoodThing
        
             | netghost wrote:
             | It's the "if done right" bit that's so tricky.
             | 
             | So often though the GoodThing doesn't have a clear payoff
             | and another FastThing does.
        
             | jljljl wrote:
             | Sure, but you have to reinvest that money too. And it's a
             | bit misleading to take just the FastThing cost and
             | disregard the GoodThing costs.
             | 
             | For example -- it took 10 days to build a JS prototype, but
             | 10 more years of evolution before it became the dominant
             | Web Development language.
        
         | chrisco255 wrote:
         | 28 years later the web is a thriving platform responsible for
         | trillions of dollars of economic activity, of which JS is a
         | core component.
        
           | inopinatus wrote:
           | Steady on. I'm no fan of JavaScript either but it seems
           | unfair to damn it so completely with such a backhandedly
           | vacuous accolade. Some folks might not even get the irony.
        
           | nitwit005 wrote:
           | Sure, but they could have made something very different, and
           | that would still be true. People just have no choice but to
           | use JS.
           | 
           | Plenty chose Flash, Java, and friends when there were other
           | options.
        
             | drewda wrote:
             | For what it's worth, I miss Adobe Flex.
        
             | kevinmchugh wrote:
             | And JavaScript beat those.
        
               | nitwit005 wrote:
               | Not due to some sort of virtue of the language being
               | better. The browser devs wanted to cut down the security
               | surface area. Javascript wasn't as removable as the
               | plugins that used other languages were.
        
           | gowld wrote:
           | That's thanks to the HTML and DOM API, not "JavaScript".
           | 
           | Early web companies didn't even need JS; every interaction
           | coulf reload a page.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | JS is a core component to all that in the same way that coal
           | and oil are core to the industrial revolution: not the best,
           | but it's easy and cheap and everyone has a lot of experience
           | and sunk-cost investments.
        
         | paulddraper wrote:
         | > the world is still investing untold millions of dollars, and
         | untold person-years of effort
         | 
         | because of the positive ROI
        
         | skrebbel wrote:
         | This is getting so old. It's also dated, modern JS is a pretty
         | great language.
        
           | IshKebab wrote:
           | Modern _Typescript_ is fairly decent. Plain Javascript is
           | still awful. And I wouldn 't say either are great.
           | 
           | I especially don't understand why Javascript doesn't have a
           | "modern" mode where `var` and `==` are banned, prototypes are
           | immutable, etc. You can do all that with linters but the
           | people that need help with that stuff don't know how to set
           | up a linter in the first place or what options to choose.
        
             | post-it wrote:
             | > You can do all that with linters but the people that need
             | help with that stuff don't know how to set up a linter in
             | the first place or what options to choose.
             | 
             | Then how would they know how to enable "modern" mode?
             | Junior devs shouldn't be setting up any of that stuff
             | anyway, they should be given a laptop with VSCode +
             | prettier already installed, and all of the config they need
             | should be in the project repo.
        
               | Mystery-Machine wrote:
               | The language specification should have a directive
               | similar to "use strict" (the JS doctype kinda thing),
               | something like: "use es23"
        
           | lemming wrote:
           | I didn't say anything about JS being bad. But this article is
           | predicated on the assumption that doing things fast is good.
           | I think it's hard to argue that if Eich had spent 20 days (or
           | perhaps even 30 days!!!!) we would have been in a much better
           | place for the last couple of decades. We're not working
           | around the fact that JS is intrinsically a bad language,
           | we're working around the fact that it was ridiculously
           | rushed.
        
           | soggybutter wrote:
           | Modern JS is a passable language only after a tremendous
           | amount of time and effort was invested to retrofit it as
           | such. For all of the purported isomorphic benefits, I still
           | don't know why anyone would choose to use it outside of being
           | forced to in browsers
        
             | thecopy wrote:
             | I don't really mind that "a tremendous amount of time and
             | effort was invested" into JS.
             | 
             | It works great for me and my team and we are hugely
             | productive using it. That why. It works and we deliver a
             | lot of value.
        
               | nitwit005 wrote:
               | You don't mind, because someone else spent the money. The
               | people signing the checks probably did care.
        
               | Mystery-Machine wrote:
               | It works great for you because you haven't seen better.
               | Which other languages do you have more than 1 year of
               | professional experience with? May I answer that for you?
               | None. Just because you've just discovered a knife,
               | doesn't mean it's the best tool to eat the soup with.
        
             | londons_explore wrote:
             | Javascript, like python, was "simple yet flexible". Thats
             | what made them successful.
             | 
             | When a language is successful, people start to bolt on
             | extra bits of syntax and features (async,
             | prototypes/classes, lambdas, etc). Eventually it is no
             | longer simple, and the learning curve gets steeper for new
             | users.
             | 
             | Someone comes up with a new simple yet flexible language,
             | all the new users start with that instead, and the cycle
             | repeats.
             | 
             | BASIC/visual basic/VB.net went through that cycle in the
             | 90's. C then C++ went through that in the 2010's.
             | Python/Javascript is going through that now. Go is about to
             | go through the same.
        
               | chaxor wrote:
               | Go was trashed just about the time they added telemetry
               | to it inherently.
        
               | Yasuraka wrote:
               | You mean when they added the plan to add opt-in
               | telemetry?
        
             | djbusby wrote:
             | All the "good" languages have tremendous effort - it's how
             | they get good. Nothing starts great...it's a journey. We've
             | been watching the sausage being made.
        
               | Mystery-Machine wrote:
               | Just because "it's a journey" and we invested tremendous
               | effort, doesn't mean it's suddenly great. It's a terrible
               | language with many illnesses, even today's modern
               | version, because it's kept its diseases from the past. It
               | surely is lightyears better than what it used to be, but
               | it's still a pile of turd IMO (I work with JS every day).
        
               | gowld wrote:
               | Most languages were OK and got enhancements, JS was
               | terrible and got repaired.
               | 
               | Python, for example, got a lot better a lot faster than
               | JS did.
        
             | jonny_eh wrote:
             | > a tremendous amount of time and effort was invested to
             | retrofit it as such
             | 
             | Great things require tremendous effort and even time.
        
               | numbsafari wrote:
               | That's why git and JS don't really belong on this list
               | without a massive asterisk. It's not like JS you use
               | today is the same as the one that took "10 days". Same
               | goes for git.
        
               | falcor84 wrote:
               | Nevertheless, there's something amazing about being able
               | to release the first version of something so world-
               | changing so quickly.
        
           | soperj wrote:
           | Are all variables still global unless defined not to be?
        
             | Mystery-Machine wrote:
             | The short answer is: yes. If you do
             | 
             | <script scr=...>
             | 
             | And in the .js file: var x = 5. That x is global.
        
             | bunga-bunga wrote:
             | Not in a module context:                   # a.mjs
             | (()=>{           a = 1         })();              # in a
             | shell         $ node a.mjs         ReferenceError: a is not
             | defined
        
             | post-it wrote:
             | No, as of eight years ago.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript_version_history#ES
             | 2...
        
               | soperj wrote:
               | thanks!
        
       | antipaul wrote:
       | Here is a response, that PC himself references on his site:
       | 
       | https://nintil.com/building-skyscrapers-and-spending-on-majo...
       | 
       | Excerpt:
       | 
       | > So all in all, if we control away war, and increasing
       | complexity, and the fact that you can't optimise people beyond a
       | certain point, and sprinkle on top some regulation-induced
       | slowdown it's not clear that there has been a slowdown or
       | stagnation in general for major projects.
        
       | cornfutes wrote:
       | > Brendan Eich implemented the first prototype for JavaScript in
       | 10 days
       | 
       | And thousands of developer years have been wasted smoothing over
       | pre ES6 JavaScript warts.
        
         | chrisco255 wrote:
         | If only we were using Java Applets or Flash ActionScript or
         | Silverlight, all our problems would be solved.
        
           | cornfutes wrote:
           | Actually, Runescape one of the most successful MMOs ever was
           | a Java applet. Java is much more effective at complex object-
           | oriented modeling and an MMO is a canonical example of where
           | OOP not only shines but is necessary. Before ES6, there were
           | half a dozen styles of approximating classes in JavaScript,
           | the main one being with closure-returning-functions. Even
           | utilizing these clever tricks to make JavaScript a decent
           | language, the runtime would not have been powerful enough to
           | run a game like Runescape. For a very long time, JavaScript
           | was primitive in even managing media. Flash allowed Youtube
           | to bridge the gap of playing videos in the browser.
           | JavaScript-based web apps to stream music didn't become
           | prominent until the 2010s, a decade and half after JavaScript
           | was invented. Yahoo music, the prominent web-based music
           | player in the 2000s, used a Flash plugin. So Indeed, Flash
           | and Java did some solve a lot of problems that JavaScript did
           | not. JavaScript won out because it was browser-native and now
           | WebAssembly is gaining traction because JavaScript is still
           | not that great. TypeScript is solid, but that took years of
           | development and Microsoft resources to launch.
        
             | terribleperson wrote:
             | Runescape was crazy for the time (pre-WoW). A full-featured
             | MMO you could play on a wide variety of computers without
             | downloading or installing anything. All you needed was
             | Java.
        
       | babelfish wrote:
       | I recently read the book "How Big Things Get Done", about
       | planning megaprojects successfully, which incidentally touched on
       | a lot of the projects here. While I mostly found the book to be
       | worthless thought leadership, the authors thesis on why these
       | projects were able to succeed is that they were able to "think
       | slow, build fast".
        
       | carabiner wrote:
       | Major one missing: China built 5,000 miles of high speed rail in
       | 6 years. In California, it's been 15 years and we have 0 miles
       | complete. Also built numerous hospitals during pandemic in a
       | couple weeks. Demolished and replaced a bridge in 43 hours:
       | https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/infrastructure/a....
       | General pattern of completing infrastructure projects at a
       | blistering pace - and they work.
       | 
       | Also landed a rover on Mars in 2021
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhurong_(rover), but I"m not sure
       | how it compares development speed to NASA. Designed for 90 days,
       | lasted 4x that.
       | 
       | As much as the US denigrates China for allegedly trampling on
       | "freedoms," I bet our way of doing speedy big projects in the
       | past has a lot in common with China's current progress. You just
       | have to quash special interests sometime. Autocracy gets shit
       | done.
        
         | danudey wrote:
         | The US also has billionaires and billion-dollar companies
         | deliberately trying to sabotage these sorts of issues. Elon
         | Musk and his 'Boring Company', for example, going around
         | promising a revolution in transportation and then just...
         | ghosting people.[0] "Don't start your public transport
         | infrastructure, we'll build you something objectively worse and
         | far less scalable for a fraction of the price! Uh actually
         | never mind though."
         | 
         | US ISPs also have a history of lobbying to prevent municipal
         | broadband projects, which could provide faster speeds cheaper
         | than large monopolies can. They get the projects blocked by
         | promising to solve the problem themselves, then once the block
         | is in place they just yolo out. Verizon takes massive grants to
         | improve broadband in areas, doesn't do it, and then just...
         | nothing.
         | 
         | Even H&R Block is lobbying to prevent making tax returns easier
         | so that they can continue to be one of the only companies that
         | can file people's taxes without screwing it up (which they do
         | anyway).
         | 
         | China certainly benefits from cutting huge corners, but we also
         | need to remember that every time there's an opportunity to make
         | people's lives better in the US, there's a rich corporation
         | lobbying against it to preserve the profits they're milking out
         | of people's suffering or desperation.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/elon-musk-boring-company-
         | tu...
        
         | bsder wrote:
         | > You just have to quash special interests sometime. Autocracy
         | gets shit done.
         | 
         | People are all for it--until the steamroller comes for them.
         | https://www.cnn.com/style/article/china-three-gorges-dam-int...
         | 
         | And we know what happens when you let people ignore the
         | regulations--you get Superfund sites.
         | 
         | There is a political balance between "saving 3 salamanders in a
         | cave" and "pervasive dumping of toxic sludge".
         | 
         | The problem is that there is _lots_ of incentive towards the
         | "pervasive dumping" side and not a lot on the "saving things"
         | side.
        
         | aeternum wrote:
         | It would be interesting to look at a wider range of metrics for
         | some of these fast vs. slow projects.
         | 
         | Safety: Did the fast projects result in more injuries or
         | deaths?
         | 
         | Social: Willingly vs. unwilling participation. IE seized land
         | vs. sold willingly at market rate. Coerced by gov to help build
         | the hospital vs. paid market labor rate.
         | 
         | Environmental: Much easier to design and build a hydro dam when
         | you don't need to worry about still allowing the Salmon to swim
         | upstream.
        
         | dtgriscom wrote:
         | > You just have to quash special interests sometime. Autocracy
         | gets shit done.
         | 
         | This is a classic "pros and cons" situation. I'm not sure the
         | ability for the authorities to "get shit done" would balance
         | the downsides, e.g.:
         | 
         | https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2023/07/05/...
        
           | chongli wrote:
           | There has to be a middle ground. The US did some amazing
           | things without autocracy, such as the public works projects
           | under the New Deal [1] [2] [3], the Marshall Plan [4] for
           | helping to rebuild Europe, the Federal-Aid Highway Act [5] to
           | build 41,000 miles of Interstate highways.
           | 
           | I don't know why things are so difficult now. There's got to
           | be some detailed studies into this problem.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps
           | 
           | [2]
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration
           | 
           | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Works_Administration
           | 
           | [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Plan
           | 
           | [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal-
           | Aid_Highway_Act_of_195...
        
             | khuey wrote:
             | The Federal Highway Act was pretty bad! They plowed
             | interstates through poor (and usually black) neighborhoods
             | to get to the city centers and at least contributed to the
             | urban dysfunction that's been a feature of American cities
             | since.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | * * *
        
         | vondur wrote:
         | Look at YouTube for "Tofu Dreg" to see the results of rushed
         | Chinese construction projects.
        
       | mordae wrote:
       | Back in the early COVID days, an airplane with PPE landed in
       | Prague. Responsible agency has been short handed so the staff of
       | national budget oversight agency came to help in what was a prime
       | example of violation of budgeting discipline and just unloaded
       | the airplane.
       | 
       | I could not stop laughing about that for days. Other ministries
       | were literally excusing themselves since "they were not allocated
       | funds to deal with the pandemic and had other matters to addend
       | to" and "doing job of another organization would be a violation
       | of budget discipline". And then the literal guys responsible for
       | auditing them for such violations just broke the rules and did
       | the right and necessary thing.
       | 
       | In the end, it boils down to a simple rule. If you live in a
       | society where rules outweight the public good and you can get
       | into trouble for doing the right thing the "wrong way", progress
       | grinds to a halt.
        
       | dblohm7 wrote:
       | Apollo 8 is not a very good example; it's not like the hardware
       | pipeline wasn't well on its way to be ready to go by the time the
       | decision was made.
       | 
       | Don't get me wrong, Apollo 8 was an extremely risky and critical
       | part of the program, but it's not like somebody conjured
       | everything up from thin air in 134 days.
        
         | Archelaos wrote:
         | I think you have a point here. Our standard approach of looking
         | at the duration of a project too often neglects the effort of
         | preparation.
        
         | jonny_eh wrote:
         | None of these projects were created from dust.
        
       | mnot wrote:
       | HTTP/2 was standardized in two years and 16 days.
       | 
       | That's fast for standards :)
        
       | boringg wrote:
       | Manhattan project is the epitome of fast.
        
       | egonschiele wrote:
       | Fun fact on the Eiffel Tower: during the Chicago World's Fair,
       | they wanted to build something that would rival the Eiffel Tower.
       | After a LOT of proposals, and work, and time, they came up
       | with... the Ferris wheel.
        
       | ftxbro wrote:
       | What if they add some _fast_ ones that were fast but that didn 't
       | work out so great, like Theranos or the submarine guys. Also
       | Apollo 8 is in there but I mean a relatively large percent of
       | astronauts died compared to like your company's new agile plan
       | how many agile blackbelts do you expect to literally decease
       | because of shortcuts taken in the implementation of their
       | workplace environment.
        
       | valtism wrote:
       | > Tony Fadell was hired to create the iPod in late January 2001.
       | Steve Jobs greenlit the project in March 2001. They hired a
       | contract manufacturer in April 2001, announced the product in
       | October 2001, and shipped the first production iPod to customers
       | in November 2001, around 290 days after getting started. Source:
       | Tony Fadell.
       | 
       | Just 290 days for the iPod to go from idea to customer is crazy
       | fast
        
         | entrepy123 wrote:
         | Impressive for sure, not to knock it. But, as I recall reading,
         | the mini HDD for the iPod was already developed by a vendor's
         | R&D, sitting around for a use case. Which Apple decided to take
         | exclusive advantage of. Thus, that iPod offering seemed kind of
         | "revolutionary". But it's not like Apple started the project,
         | then developed all of the tech for it in this time of 290 days.
         | Which is sort of what the summary reads like, to me. So I'm
         | adding this comment, for clarification. (Heck, the story I read
         | about the first iPod and its HDD was probably originally linked
         | from HN!)
        
           | norir wrote:
           | Wow, I did not know that story but it makes so much sense
           | that the ipod was an almost inevitable development from the
           | mini hdd. Goes to show how important it is to have people who
           | can see the big picture and find the right people to execute.
        
             | danudey wrote:
             | It's worth noting that hard-drive based MP3 players did
             | exist at the time, but they had several drawbacks that
             | Apple found solutions for.
             | 
             | First, they used physically larger 2.5" hard drives, making
             | them larger and heavier. The small 1.8" HDD that the iPod
             | used allowed it to be the size of a deck of cards, meaning
             | it was much more portable.
             | 
             | Secondly, hard drives consume a large amount of power to
             | operate, so HDD-based players had terrible battery life
             | because it was always spinning up the disk to get the next
             | song. The iPod solved this by just adding 32 MB of RAM as a
             | cache, so when you started an album the system would just
             | read in the next 15 minutes (or so? that's about 30 MB at
             | 160 kbit) of songs and then power down the HDD until the
             | cache was running out or the user changed
             | albums/playlists/tracks.
             | 
             | It was also fast; using firewire to transfer songs
             | restricted it to Mac users at first, but it meant that you
             | could rip a new CD and put it on your iPod in a short
             | amount of time, or, later, buy an album on iTunes and have
             | it ready for your jog in ten minutes.
             | 
             | It's funny to think how many people saw the iPod as an
             | obvious immediate failure. As the infamous Slashdot post[0]
             | said, "No wireless. Less space than a Nomad. Lame."
             | 
             | [0] https://slashdot.org/story/01/10/23/1816257/apple-
             | releases-i...
        
           | yellow_lead wrote:
           | Much of these examples similarly lack any info on prior work.
           | i.e mRNA COVID vaccines were completed quickly, after years
           | of prior research.
        
             | samtho wrote:
             | We are all standing on the shoulders of giants. I don't see
             | the same criticism for anything else that required prior
             | human knowledge and achievement.
        
           | gizmo wrote:
           | They had to design the software, the UX including the touch
           | wheel, the mac integration and syncing, and everything
           | relating to the design, materials, and sourcing of the
           | components. It's astonishing that they got it done in less
           | than a year. (And I highly recommend Fadell's book)
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | Everything around the software would have been quick --
             | both the iPod UX and syncing were extremely simple back
             | then. The iPod didn't really have a GUI, it was just six
             | lines of text and a header line.
             | 
             | It's the manufacturing speed that astonishes me -- the
             | sourcing as you say, the supply chains and the factory
             | capacity. I'm also very curious about the manufacture of
             | the scroll wheel -- was that something really new that had
             | to be figured out (it seemed/felt like it) or was it a
             | trivial combination of existing components?
        
               | ricardobeat wrote:
               | Most inventions become trivial right after they are
               | released. Creation, research, design are the hard parts,
               | and you cannot judge those by the complexity of the final
               | product.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | I think they leveraged portalplayer and synaptics to put
         | everything together. Still quick to market.
        
       | briangle wrote:
       | This reminds me of when I interviewed at Stripe, a few years
       | back. It was a surreal experience. We were in a small conference
       | room. I sat at the table on one side, Patrick and Edwin sat on
       | the other side. They asked me questions, I answered them. It was
       | a good discussion.
       | 
       | Then there was a brief pause in the conversation. Suddenly,
       | Patrick let off the most absurdly loud fart. I chuckled in
       | surprise. Patrick and Edwin stared back at me, in a stony
       | silence, neither of them making any acknowledgement of Patrick's
       | colonic eruption. I forced myself to adopt a similarly straight
       | face.
       | 
       | As the smell of it filled the room and my nostrils, I could only
       | assume this was a power move, intended to dominate. I held my
       | nerve, and continued the interview. Unfortunately, I wasn't
       | offered the job. Now I wonder if maybe it was a cue to speak up
       | and point out the loud, smelly elephant in the room. I suppose
       | I'll never know.
       | 
       | Has anyone else here who's interviewed at Stripe had a similar
       | experience? To this day, I still wonder if Patrick's fart was a
       | deliberate and calculated part of the hiring process.
        
         | ftxbro wrote:
         | > "I still wonder if Patrick's fart was a deliberate and
         | calculated"
         | 
         | I mean if it was planned then that's some impressive intestinal
         | agency. But maybe with his diet he always got it chambered at
         | that time of day so he can plan around it.
        
         | highwaylights wrote:
         | I'm going to guess dude just needed to let go and didn't like
         | that you laughed about it.
         | 
         | Maybe they just openly rip in the office and are used to it.
         | 
         | Maybe you didn't get hired for totally unrelated reasons.
         | 
         | We'll never know..
        
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