[HN Gopher] When open becomes opaque: The changing face of open-...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       When open becomes opaque: The changing face of open-source hardware
       companies
        
       Author : Santosh83
       Score  : 330 points
       Date   : 2023-07-18 09:59 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.adafruit.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.adafruit.com)
        
       | TravelTechGuy wrote:
       | It is a very sad story.
       | 
       | Our company committed to open sourcing all of our code (it's in
       | the web3/blockchain space), and we had, and continue to have,
       | spirited discussions about which parts we should maybe license
       | differently, as they contain novel IP.
       | 
       | But my main question is: if your code is open-sourced, and the
       | community contributed: fixes, features, actual new products -
       | what gives you the right to close it? Are you going to go back
       | and compensate every contributor? How can you justify revenue
       | made on the backs of contributors.
       | 
       | Side note: if what Prusa is alleging about Chinese patents given
       | for open-source code produced in the west, and then having
       | international priority, is true, I think the UN (or whoever
       | handles international patents) should look into that. We can't
       | control what goes on in China, but we can damn well make sure no
       | Chines company makes money outside of China, with co-opted IP.
        
         | traverseda wrote:
         | >if your code is open-sourced, and the community contributed:
         | fixes, features, actual new products - what gives you the right
         | to close it?
         | 
         | Typically you're not able to close source existing code, once
         | it's open it's open. What you can do is make the changes going
         | forward proprietary.
         | 
         | Depending on if you got a contributor-license-agreement you may
         | not be able to close source the community contributions, but if
         | the code was licensed under something non-viral like MIT or BSD
         | you have as much right to close source it as literally anyone
         | else does.
         | 
         | I guess I really don't understand the question. You have the
         | rights as outlined in the license, people who contribute agree
         | to those license terms.
        
           | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
           | There's a legal vs moral distinction there. Legally, you can
           | generally relicense (or add licenses, at least) on
           | permissively-licensed code, or you can force the issue by
           | requiring a CLA that just makes you the owner of everything.
           | However, a person could reasonably argue that you still are
           | morally in the wrong for taking something given to you for
           | free and charging for it.
        
             | traverseda wrote:
             | Personally that's why if I'm going to contribute to open
             | source I'm probably going to contribute to GPL/AGPL
             | projects. I don't begrudge people who want to license their
             | OSS code under something like the MIT or BSD licenses
             | though.
             | 
             | I think that software developers are probably the kind of
             | people who can know what deal their actually getting if
             | anyone can.
        
               | palata wrote:
               | Unless you sign a CLA, if you contribute to a project,
               | you own the copyright for your contribution. And the
               | owner of the repo cannot re-license your contribution
               | without you.
               | 
               | So the question is really whether you are fine
               | contributing to a copyleft/permissive project.
               | 
               | On my end, as long as I keep my copyright (i.e. I don't
               | have to sign a CLA), then that's fine for me. If
               | anything, any contribution I make makes it harder for
               | them to re-license their project :-).
        
               | remram wrote:
               | They can't re-license to any incompatible license. If the
               | original was permissive, that leaves many options.
        
               | reaperman wrote:
               | _Getting GPLv2 Compliance From A Chinese Company- In
               | Person!_ [0]
               | 
               | 0: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vj04MKykmnQ
               | 
               | Edit: NSFW (but still compliant with YouTube obscenity
               | standards)
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | I'm at work. Let me guess, this is on Naomi's channel :-)
        
               | reaperman wrote:
               | Of course! Didn't realize it would prove so controversial
               | here on HN. Figured most everyone would already be
               | familiar with her shtick, especially in context of
               | discussion on open source hardware. But I should remind
               | myself these wouldn't be eternally relevant controversies
               | if it were possible to reach a consensus.
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | Unfortunately, I don't think we'll be hearing much more
               | from her. Last week on twitter she mentioned that she'd
               | been told that basically she's making the government look
               | bad (being too honest about some problems) and to stop
               | posting. Haven't seen anything from her since.
        
               | reaperman wrote:
               | While she does have some criticisms of the PRC, she's
               | also pretty rabidly pro-China, especially since COVID.
               | I'm surprised they cracked down on her, she's been a very
               | staunch defender of China's honor online and often her
               | followers jump on the bandwagon against any anti-China
               | person she argues with.
        
               | remram wrote:
               | > If you give me your recipe for chocolate cake, and I
               | make a few changes to make it suit my tastes better, I
               | have to give those changes to you and the community.
               | 
               | This is completely false. You can bake your cake with
               | your secret recipe and eat it too.
               | 
               | If you give someone else your improved cake though, you
               | have to give them the matching recipe.
        
               | traverseda wrote:
               | The above is NSFW
        
               | loup-vaillant wrote:
               | On what grounds? The crop top? The denim shorts? The
               | enhanced boobs?
               | 
               | Man, this discrimination is just disgusting.
        
       | mcdonje wrote:
       | Open source projects with permissive licenses are subject to this
       | kind of abuse by companies who benefit from the community and
       | then wall off their derivative projects without paying the
       | community back by way of contributions.
       | 
       | I do think there's a place for permissive licenses, particularly
       | for academic and government projects. However, it seems like
       | private entities can't be trusted to play nice, so copyleft
       | licenses should probably be used by more open source projects to
       | protect the public knowledge base.
        
         | andy99 wrote:
         | Copyleft is good for "complete" products, where you want to
         | protect a derivative work from being walled off. It's harder to
         | know the best way to handle modules (which might be the more
         | common case in hardware) where a viral license can make using
         | them impractical.
        
           | jacooper wrote:
           | LGPL then
        
       | iancmceachern wrote:
       | Wow, Eagle gets shut down, Sparkfun, Arduino and Prusa all go
       | closed source. The amazing free open hardware future we've all
       | been promised is falling down around us.
       | 
       | I do like Limor's response "I'm going to keep shipping open
       | source hardware while you all argue about it," She's fighting the
       | good fight as always.
       | 
       | I've been designing hardware for decades. I've come to learn that
       | it's more about staying ahead of competitors technically than
       | keeping them from copying you. There will always be copies, you
       | just need to be selling the next better version while the copies
       | are of your previous version. There is no "make a thing, profit
       | for 20 years". If companies like prusa or sparkfun stay knowledge
       | leaders, people will be willing to pay a few extra dollars foe
       | their product over a clone just to have the improved support,
       | documentation and quality, also to support what they want to
       | support. Making this change makes these companies no different
       | than the clones now. This move takes away incentive for me to
       | order products from these companies and I believe will actually
       | cause them to loose more business than they are expecting. Their
       | whole sales model is built around this. It's why I order stuff
       | from them, or used to.
        
         | petsfed wrote:
         | I mean, some of this devolves down to the nature of the tools.
         | Eagle was garbage, we all knew it, but it was free and
         | relatively easy to get started on, so everybody in the OSHW
         | movement used it. What we should've done was commit to KiCad
         | early on, so there never was this closed-source element in the
         | chain looming over the whole project.
         | 
         | I think open-source is a laudable goal, but your competitors
         | have to be willing to play by the same rules, otherwise you're
         | hobbling yourself. I worked at an agriculture startup some
         | years ago, and while we all _wanted_ the gizmos to be hackable
         | for our customers, we all knew that if we opened things too
         | much, a real heavy like John Deere, Monsanto, or Simplot would
         | swoop in, leverage their existing logistics and customer base,
         | and put us out of business the instant we had a product
         | valuable enough to steal.
         | 
         | I don't like that e.g. Sparkfun is putting out a product that's
         | worth more on its own than as a learning tool, so I agree with
         | you. This signals a shift in Sparkfun overall that I don't
         | like.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | > There is no "make a thing, profit for 20 years".
         | 
         | The drug companies with patented medication would like to
         | disagree. While _20_ years seems a bit too long, intellectual
         | property protection should and does exist so you can get a
         | couple of years out of a product, and that seems okay. That
         | some choose to go the Open Source route is their perogative.
         | For those that don 't, and make a closed source proprietary
         | product, they're still going to get cloned if the product is
         | popular, even with copyright and patents. (Trademark is a
         | different story.) Look at FTDI and their USB-serial chips.
         | Copying an IC isn't easy, can't just _git clone_ that shit, and
         | they still got ripped off. The story of an inventor who made a
         | device, say, the clapper, and lived off that for the rest of
         | his life may seem quaint, but why should it?
        
         | cracrecry wrote:
         | As a hardware maker company entrepreneur myself(not open
         | source), I agree with what you say, BUT with open hardware they
         | can copy you faster in China than what you can manufacture on
         | Europe and the US.
         | 
         | No way you can compete with Chinese giving out your source code
         | that took years to create so they can copy your product in
         | weeks.
        
       | h2odragon wrote:
       | Go back to the start of Intellectual Property law. Patents are
       | supposed to be a deal between the inventor and society, inventors
       | get rich for 17 years of exclusivity then the public gets to have
       | the whole design available to use. Fair deal.
       | 
       | What we have now is _not_ a fair deal, to the point that people
       | are trying to re-invent the notions that the laws were originally
       | supposed to embody.
        
         | varispeed wrote:
         | I don't think patents should exist at all. They are basically
         | designed for the rich to enjoy regulatory capture.
         | 
         | Patents don't take into account things like you can "invent"
         | something naturally by exploring given idea. I have few times
         | developed something and then through more research learned it
         | has been patented, so I had to find a different way of doing
         | the same thing and wasting time. Even if I invented something
         | first I wouldn't have means to patent it.
         | 
         | Now we have a situation where things like VC funds are forcing
         | companies to patent anything they can as a prerequisite for
         | receiving money - in case the idea won't get executed
         | correctly, they could chase any other company that comes up
         | with the same idea, for money.
         | 
         | and yeah, you invented something, but for any reason you didn't
         | or couldn't patent it and then some toff's engineer figures the
         | same idea? They get the patent and you have to abandon it.
         | 
         | The whole patent thing should be scrapped is not fit for
         | purpose.
        
         | BSEdlMMldESB wrote:
         | one I first started coming online, there was no "intellectual
         | property law"
         | 
         | what there was: trademark law, copyright law, and patent law.
         | but 3 turn to 1?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | andyinfrance wrote:
           | Hi Technothrasher, sorry to jump this thread, was reading
           | about a thread 46 days ago where you have made ecu
           | replacements for 308's I presume that's with the Bosch
           | K-Jetronic and Magneti Marelli 801/802a ecu's? Can you
           | contact me about these I'm interested, thanks
        
           | technothrasher wrote:
           | You were online in the 1960s? The term "intellectual property
           | law" started to be commonly used after the formation of the
           | World Intellectual Property Organization in 1967.
        
             | andyinfrance wrote:
             | Hi Technothrasher, sorry to jump this thread, was reading
             | about a thread 46 days ago where you have made ecu
             | replacements for 308's I presume that's with the Bosch
             | K-Jetronic and Magneti Marelli 801/802a ecu's? Can you
             | contact me about these I'm interested, thanks
        
         | pydry wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure that hallowed time when intellectually property
         | "worked" before everything went bad is a myth.
         | 
         | There are plenty of countries that didnt enforce it for a time
         | though and experienced a kind of mini renaissance.
         | 
         | I dont think it was ever really intended to "protect" the
         | rights of inventors nor was it ever good at doing so.
        
           | loup-vaillant wrote:
           | I've heard that (at least in some places) patent started as a
           | a trade barrier, to protect domestic industries from foreign
           | competition. The penniless inventor was just a fable to sell
           | the idea.
        
           | bsder wrote:
           | > There are plenty of countries that didnt enforce it for a
           | time though and experienced a kind of mini renaissance.
           | 
           | See: America, England, and the Industrial Revolution
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | The story of Hollywood as well.
        
       | tedivm wrote:
       | I think it's really interesting that Sparkfun is selling products
       | that they advertise as being open source, but then refuse to
       | actually share the source. This is pretty sketchy behavior on
       | their part, especially since they were notified about the issue
       | three weeks ago and still haven't fixed their website.
        
       | dmvdoug wrote:
       | I don't understand. These businesses gained what popularity/reach
       | they have in large part by chanting the Open Source mantra. Then,
       | when they're (at least moderately?) successful, they close up and
       | the mantra falls silent. How is that a good decision? It
       | necessarily alienates users, who have probably come to depend
       | upon the openness. It's a knife in the back to the rest of the
       | open source community. For what? More profits? But if they gained
       | a moderately successful position through positioning themselves
       | as open source, how are they going to profit from basically
       | throwing up their hands and saying just kidding guys ha ha that
       | was a mistake all along?
       | 
       | I mean, I understand the enshittification point. Perhaps this is
       | yet another example of that. Chalk up yet another victim to the
       | financialization of literally everything.
        
       | e28eta wrote:
       | The author, Phillip Torrone, talked a little about the article
       | during one of their live shows, starting around 12:25 minutes.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/live/EOzkO33PnrI?feature=share
        
       | snvzz wrote:
       | Where Open-Source Hardware companies go opaque, it's a chance for
       | new OSH companies to pop up and replace them.
       | 
       | If I was ever interested in these companies, it was because I
       | prefer OSH. Should they stop doing OSH, I'll simply look
       | elsewhere.
        
       | buildbot wrote:
       | Shouldn't any international patent office reject these suspect
       | patents based of open source software and hardware? Also, why
       | does for example, US customs not step in and enforce stopping the
       | importation of infringing devices? They seem to be happy to do
       | that to sparkfun before, seizing one of their shipments
       | https://hackaday.com/2014/03/20/fluke-issues-statement-regar...
        
         | jacoblambda wrote:
         | Just because it's open source doesn't mean it's open patent.
         | Sure there's prior art which can prevent someone from creating
         | a patent but if you actually want to guarantee that somebody
         | doesn't patent your work, the path to do that is to file a
         | patent yourself and open that patent up with patentleft (the
         | patent analog for copyleft) or some other open patent.
         | 
         | Yes filing patents can be expensive but for these companies it
         | shouldn't be an issue and if they truly are a tiny org without
         | the capabilities to file as a standard org, they can file under
         | the small entity or micro entity fee schedules which are far
         | cheaper.
        
         | Palomides wrote:
         | at least the US patent office takes a pretty weak "let the
         | courts figure it out" approach, and I think customs enforcement
         | is pretty similar in that it has to be prompted to act
         | (actually checking every shipment for every possible violation
         | seems impossible anyway)
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | Patent offices can check whatever resources they want in terms
         | of finding prior art. But in practice, they mostly just check
         | patent applications, because they have a big database of those.
        
           | varispeed wrote:
           | But they don't do that. Basically as it seems most patents,
           | however ridiculous, get accepted and idea is that the real
           | test for patent is when someone "breaches" it and it goes to
           | court.
        
       | kapitanjakc wrote:
       | I am not at all educated on this topic, just want to understand a
       | bit more
       | 
       | - How does an Open source hardware company make profit?
       | 
       | - If they do want to make profit by going closed source, what is
       | the issue in that ?
       | 
       | - Does it matter if they go closed source? People still figure a
       | way out to tinker with most stuff.
        
         | jehb wrote:
         | I'll take a swing, but I welcome additions.
         | 
         | > How does an Open source hardware company make profit?
         | 
         | The same way an open source software company does, which is to
         | say, there's no definitive answer. If you're building an open
         | source platform, you're just as likely to make a profit from
         | something in the ecosystem around the platform as you are the
         | platform itself. Sure, you can sell the hardware, but you're
         | likely to make as much or more selling your expertise around
         | the hardware, whether that's in the form of add-ons (think:
         | open core), books and courses and training, certifications for
         | certain compliance needs, or services customizing the platform
         | to meet a specific need for a specific client or industry.
         | 
         | It's worth noting that pretty much every successful open source
         | software company targets enterprise clients. It's (sadly) very
         | difficult to make money in the long term from consumers and
         | hobbyists, because price is so often the deciding factor in
         | their decision making. If you crack that nugget, you'll be
         | among the few.
         | 
         | > If they do want to make profit by going closed source, what
         | is the issue in that ?
         | 
         | Mostly, it's the backlash of a perceived bait and switch, or
         | "openwashing" something that isn't. It's harder to track
         | contributions for open source hardware like it is software, but
         | it's worth noting that if a copyleft license is used, outside
         | contributors would need to agree to the license change (if
         | there were any outside contributors).
         | 
         | It's also, frankly, a value add that goes away. I bought a
         | Prusa 3D printer because of the openness. If that goes away, so
         | too would go away my willingness to pay a premium for their
         | product.
         | 
         | > Does it matter if they go closed source? People still figure
         | a way out to tinker with most stuff.
         | 
         | It depends? One of the most important parts of open source is
         | the ability to freely redistribute my changes. If I improve an
         | open source product, I have a right to share my version with
         | anyone I want, including by selling it. I may not have that
         | right if it's closed.
         | 
         | It's also a slippery slope. The changes hardware manufacturers
         | make to keep people from copying their products also tend to
         | make them harder to tinker with. Or to be sure I could get
         | parts from a different supplier if the original maker went out
         | of business.
         | 
         | I'm sure others can add much more to my comments.
        
       | sircastor wrote:
       | I feel that one of the problems with Open Source in general is
       | that there are the terms of the license, and then there is the
       | "good faith" expectations of the community. In the case of 3D
       | Printers, for instance, first there is license that says "Here's
       | the design and the software, if you make and sell something
       | derivative, put those changes up for everyone else"
       | 
       | But the unspoken good faith statement is "You're going to take
       | this, and make it better, and we're all going to benefit from
       | your efforts to make it better".
       | 
       | The printer clones were not made with an eye towards making
       | things better, but made with an eye toward making things
       | _cheaper_ , and more specifically, _more profitable_ for the
       | manufacturer. It could be argued that cheaper is a form of
       | better, but I think generally the consensus is that the cheaper
       | clones did the job less well, and the sellers already had our
       | money.
        
         | avmich wrote:
         | Whenever we codify something in law - and licenses are a kind
         | of a law use - we're trying to achieve something we mean. So,
         | in many cases in life there are words of the law - or license -
         | and the unspoken intent.
         | 
         | I guess you mean that the intent could be different in
         | different cases or differently understood in the same case.
         | Here, with 3D printers, some intended to encourage to make
         | better printers, and some intended to allow the same quality
         | for less, or at least to allow presenting a variety of price-
         | quality offerings to choose from.
         | 
         | Sellers already had our money in case we paid those sellers the
         | same money for inferior product. The product of similar quality
         | - even if seller managed to make it cheaper - seems fair game,
         | and with time we'd assume the price to come down.
         | 
         | So, we probably have a disagreement on what the intent was or
         | is for the OSHW. For some intents the examples you give are
         | expected.
        
       | RobotToaster wrote:
       | Prusa turning his back on open source was a massive
       | disappointment, he built his entire company/brand on the back of
       | the open source Reprap project (the entire point of which was to
       | _encourage_ people to make clones, ironically)
        
         | bittercynic wrote:
         | Agreed, but I also have some sympathy for their position.
         | Encouraging others to make clones had a different feel in the
         | early days of reprap, when the industry was growing very
         | rapidly and the extremely cheap cloners hadn't come on line
         | yet.
        
           | Fomite wrote:
           | I'd be more sympathetic to it if Prusa hadn't been caught
           | entirely flat footed by Bambu and was sitting on a pretty
           | stale product line coasting on their reputation. I am a
           | customer of theirs, and the last few years have
           | been...unimpressive.
        
             | bittercynic wrote:
             | I'm also a customer (mk4 kit just arrived - I'm excited to
             | build it!) and I have mixed feelings about the accusation
             | of "coasting". Prusa seems to keep making the classic
             | mendel design and making it better and better. Bambu does
             | look like a pretty impressive product, but it's a major
             | departure from what excites me about 3d printing - the
             | devices include the user in the process. Building a kit is
             | part of the fun, and the device's design files being
             | available used to be a big part of Prusa's appeal to me.
             | 
             | Bambu seems more like a consumer product, even if it's a
             | pretty impressive one. For people who just want no-hassle
             | printed parts, I think the Bambu looks very compelling, but
             | it just doesn't have that reprap spirit.
             | 
             | I've been very happy with my Prusa mk3s for the past few
             | years, and excited to get the new one going. I'm worried
             | about the company, though. Seems like Prusa might be on the
             | path of becoming one of my favorite company and then
             | running into trouble:
             | 
             | Pebble - no explanation required. Sparkfun - New CEO took
             | over, company stopped doing ALL the things I loved about
             | it. Printrbot - not sure what happened there? Prusa -
             | hopefully different!
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | Printrbot ran out of money. Couldn't compete with cheap
               | Chinese printers.
               | 
               | The one thing about this whole conversation that is
               | frustrating to me is how people blame these companies for
               | not being cheaper than China, essentially. "Why aren't
               | you better than Bambu?? Why is business taking so long??"
               | Like, this business is freaking hard. Hardware tech is
               | nearly impossible to succeed in as a small company with
               | low cost, consumer machines! Now competing with China,
               | who got to free ride on accomplishments from OSHW
               | companies and community, is just something they're not
               | doing for fun or whatever??
               | 
               | These folks are in a nearly impossible situation. China
               | has nearly every advantage. It's a miracle that any of
               | them have stayed in business at all!
               | 
               | So while I do think it sucks they've pulled back on open
               | source, it's completely understandable. These companies
               | are barely surviving as it is. It drives me nuts how
               | people take this all for granted.
               | 
               | That said, Limor Fried is such a _bawse_. All hail Lady
               | Ada!
        
               | Fomite wrote:
               | I mean, we also watched Lulzbot self-immolate on the
               | alter of open source.
               | 
               | When it comes down to it, "Open Source" doesn't carry
               | much of a price premium for a lot of people. "You can
               | print the parts yourself" doesn't carry a price premium
               | for a lot of people.
               | 
               | I think Prusa enjoyed the "It Just Works" and being the
               | logical upper-level consumer printer recommendation, and
               | a little bit conflated that with the ethos of the
               | company. Which worked for a long time.
               | 
               | But I think he'd be better off pushing fair labor
               | practices and superior support as the main things, rather
               | than grousing about open source.
        
               | Fomite wrote:
               | I'm a little bit in a similar place. I reviewed a LulzBot
               | SideKick recently, and my major takeaway was "This is a
               | kickass printer from three years ago, but I'm worried
               | about it as a new entry to the market."
               | 
               | And there's a very good chance my lab will be replacing
               | its current printer with a Mk4.
               | 
               | But I think the key is I _don 't_ feel that same
               | excitement about building a kit. The open source nature
               | of the thing really doesn't matter to me beyond "That's
               | nice". And _that 's_ why I bought my Mk3. Because it was
               | a no-muss, no-fuss printer that I ordered assembled from
               | the factory, put on my desk, and got to work with.
               | 
               | The problem is that space is now a little more crowded,
               | and it's hard to compete on a feature-by-feature
               | comparison, especially at the price point. Some of that
               | is stuff Chinese firms are getting away with, and some of
               | it is genuinely that there's such a thing as economies of
               | scale. But I also think Prusa has a lot of goodwill - I
               | can't imagine another company releasing the Mk4 with a
               | major advertised feature (input shaping) missing, and the
               | plan for it being a one-size-fits-all approach and not
               | getting _eviscerated_ for it, rather than most people
               | going  "I'm pretty sure they'll work it out."
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | I think part of this is the difference between buying a
               | 3D printer when you've got work to do for it and buying a
               | 3D printer out of interest in additive fabrication
               | methods and what you could do with them. If those are
               | answered questions then you don't need the 'tinkering'
               | stage, you need the stuff that the printer makes much
               | more than you need new insights (or, probably even more
               | than you need the printer itself, its just a tool on the
               | way to getting that stuff).
               | 
               | I bought a Prusa kit, had it sit around for a bit,
               | finally put it together with one of my kids and since
               | then we keep finding really good uses for it that I would
               | never have thought of before I had the thing. The idea
               | that you can fabricate small scale plastic components in
               | a tiny corner of your desk has been a game changer in
               | many ways. Just the other day a part on my car broke,
               | which the manufacturer wants an absolutely outrageous
               | amount of money for (it's a part of the door mechanism).
               | An hour later or so I had a near perfect replacement in
               | my hands (10 minutes to design it, 50 minutes to print).
        
               | Fomite wrote:
               | Me, having fixed something via 3d printing, to my wife:
               | "Is this why people with woodshops are always so smug?"
               | 
               | But yeah, my interest in 3d printers is "I need an X" -
               | either a bespoke, custom plastic part that is made in
               | small batches for a research project, or for my home
               | printer, wargaming terrain, and I really don't care about
               | modifying the printer, etc. That's also what's been
               | standing in the way of me building a VORON - I
               | just...don't want to.
        
       | soulblaze3 wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | AugustoCAS wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | unintendedcons wrote:
       | Chinese practices poisoning the well for everybody, again?
        
         | mcdonje wrote:
         | China is hardly alone in patent-trolling and government
         | subsidized predatory pricing. The boogyman narrative is a bit
         | of a red herring. Our patent system is broken. Our copyright
         | system is broken. IP laws stifle innovation and are abused by
         | public and private entities. China is just currently abusing
         | fundamentally flawed systems better than everyone else.
        
         | undersuit wrote:
         | Why did we make a well with a button on it that says "don't
         | press; releases poison"?
        
           | jimmyk2 wrote:
           | The button spits out 1/10 of 1C/ every time it is pressed.
           | 
           | The man pressing the button has his own reservoir of clean
           | water.
        
       | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
       | > Adafruit founder Limor Fried doesn't find much value in arguing
       | about who is right in the clone wars.
       | 
       | Agree wholeheartedly. The clones are here to stay. I push people,
       | beginners especially, in the direction of Adafruit because their
       | documentation and build quality are excellent. I also use a lot
       | of Adafruit hardware in my own freelancing work. Their products
       | are well worth the price premium.
       | 
       | With the exception of M5Stack, I haven't found a product line
       | that I think is as well thought out.
       | 
       | That said, clones have their own place in the ecosystem. Often
       | the differences between a cheap clone and the more expensive
       | original are nonexistent across all axes: quality, support,
       | documentation, etc.
       | 
       | Most people are not going to pay more for an identical product.
        
         | pclmulqdq wrote:
         | Traditionally, dev kits are sold at roughly the cost to produce
         | them, perhaps with a small markup. Arduino is a notable
         | exception, charging at least 10x their production cost for a
         | dev kit. The competition was inevitable.
         | 
         | In the case of the original Arduino, I have a Chinese clone
         | purchased for $3 that has substantially _better_ quality, and
         | has many of the features you would want from a dev kit, like
         | ESD protection on the I /O pins.
        
           | AlexandrB wrote:
           | > Traditionally, dev kits are sold at roughly the cost to
           | produce them, perhaps with a small markup.
           | 
           | Maybe, but pre-arduino dev kits were often hundreds of
           | dollars because doing low-volume PCB manufacturing was
           | expensive. Now that it's cheap, Arduino is kind of obsolete.
        
             | pclmulqdq wrote:
             | Yeah. After Arduino proved that there was a market for low-
             | feature dev kits, TI made their MSP430-based Arduino
             | competitor that they sold for $4.30 and manufactured in
             | volume, just like the Arduino.
        
           | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
           | Agreed. I used to produce a custom product that was used an
           | Arduino Nano clone as a component on a PCB because the clone
           | cost less than I could buy its component parts for (yay
           | economies of scale!). I'd generally buy 10 at a time for
           | about $25 total.
        
         | bityard wrote:
         | I watched Limor give a talk--gosh it must be at least a decade
         | ago--about why she and Adafruit do open source hardware. She of
         | course went through all the usual reasons but one thing that
         | stuck with me is when someone asked, "doesn't making your
         | hardware open source make it easier for companies to clone your
         | stuff?"
         | 
         | Limor's response was: not really!
         | 
         | You see, the Chinese are literally the world experts at
         | reverse-engineering electronics. It is nothing for them to take
         | literally any piece of electronic kit on adafruit.com, crack it
         | open, list out a BOM, scan and trace out the circuit board, and
         | have a prototype ready before lunch time. If they decide to
         | clone your widget, making it closed source isn't even going to
         | slow them down.
         | 
         | YES, they will make money off your design. And you have to be
         | okay with that. Because what they can't (or at least don't) do
         | is build a thriving and supportive community (and ideally,
         | repeat customers) around themselves.
        
       | bayindirh wrote:
       | I think we're going through a recession in Free/Open Source
       | ecosystem. Hardware and Software companies all alike trying to
       | protect their "investments" by making things harder for other
       | parties.
       | 
       | Eagle, Spark Fun, Arduino, Prusa, Red Hat, SourceGraph, VSCode
       | Plugins (was it OmniSharp), etc, etc...
       | 
       | MIT & BSD licenses are used as a weapon against GPL more and
       | more...
       | 
       | Rust's "Rewrite In Rust" movement is used to replace GPL tools
       | with MIT versions which can be closed on a whim...
       | 
       | "{VSCode,Chrom}ium" projects give the illusion open source while
       | being effectively used to harvest community effort, too.
       | 
       | I don't think we're on a good track.
       | 
       | Disturbing times.
        
         | theragra wrote:
         | Very weird take on MIT/BSD. They cannot be closed. You can
         | always fork.
        
           | bayindirh wrote:
           | > You can always fork.
           | 
           | If and only if publisher shares the source.
           | 
           | Permissive licenses are not "viral". Sharing the source is
           | not mandatory.
           | 
           | I can take your work, evolve/improve, publish a tool, and
           | tell that the tool contains some code of you, if I don't
           | forget.
           | 
           | You can fork this version as much as you like. If you can
           | find the source, of course.
        
       | pclmulqdq wrote:
       | I'm just going to be the one who says it: Arduino has always been
       | a money-grab and a grift.
       | 
       | Open-source was just marketing for Arduino, and it worked for
       | them when they were selling an undifferentiated dev kit for 10x
       | the price it should actually have had (and at least a 30x markup
       | on their actual manufacturing cost). They then load down those
       | dev kits with software that is so inefficient that it upsells
       | people on huge chips for problems that could otherwise be solved
       | with a 10-cent chip. On top of that, the initial Arduino software
       | was pretty much stolen from a grad student, who got no credit,
       | and using open source also gave them free contributions from
       | motivated users.
       | 
       | Fast forward to now and they have a "community" and are trying to
       | start selling more complicated dev kits with the same ridiculous
       | markup, and have found themselves unable to compete with Chinese
       | companies that charge a fair price. The end result, killing the
       | openness, is inevitable.
        
         | solardev wrote:
         | Maybe this shows the value of packaging? What Arduino offered
         | wasn't just a bunch of commodity chips, but a guided
         | educational experience. The same way that Lego Mindstorms is
         | more approachable than a tub of plastic powder and some copper
         | wire, having someone do the design, sourcing, integration,
         | testing, documentation, etc. is worth a lot.
         | 
         | I wouldn't even know where to start with a pile of
         | undifferentiated chips. Arduino lets you spend a bit of money
         | (relatively cheap when it comes to hobbies) to learn the ropes
         | from vetted and curated parts that are made to work together,
         | including the software.
         | 
         | At some point, yes, maybe you know enough to be able to
         | evaluate the Chinese knockoffs on your own and avoid pitfalls
         | and counterfeits, and find the correct vendors who offer an
         | awesome product at a good price. But it takes a while to get
         | there. I can hardly find reliable power stations and USB PD
         | chargers these days. I wouldn't even know how to start to
         | evaluate an entire dev kit.
         | 
         | If anything it seems like this is the fate of intellectual
         | property in the age of global capitalism. Whatever we design,
         | whether it's software or chips or fighter jets or solar panels
         | or cars will be copied and produced much more cheaply there
         | because their costs of everything is much lower. And actually,
         | relative to most of the world population, it's probably the USA
         | that is overpriced. We have our insane quality of life to keep
         | up with.
         | 
         | But that's hardly the fault of any one company. As we move more
         | and more into services, domestic manufacturing just can't keep
         | pace. All those reshoring efforts don't really seem to be
         | making an impact. Most things I see are still Chinese,
         | especially at the price points I can afford.
         | 
         | I don't know that "killing the openness" is the inevitable
         | result. Closed designs get stolen and copied too. Getting
         | bought out and eaten alive by Chinese companies the same way
         | Hollywood and video gaming have been going seems the more
         | likely route?
        
           | lelanthran wrote:
           | > Whatever we design, whether it's software or chips or
           | fighter jets or solar panels or cars will be copied and
           | produced much more cheaply there because their costs of
           | everything is much lower.
           | 
           | The Arduino _was_ a copy itself, and no credit was ever given
           | to the original grad student who came up with it and did
           | almost all of the work to make it into the system that was
           | released.
        
             | Chilko wrote:
             | > no credit was ever given to the original grad studen
             | 
             | Not enough credit perhaps, but this is untrue as Arduino
             | does credit Wiring, the grad student's project. Probably
             | worth noting that one of his thesis supervisors was one of
             | the founders of Arduino.
        
         | thomastjeffery wrote:
         | They did a relatively mediocre job, in a space with zero
         | competition.
         | 
         | That means it's a money grab? How is it their fault no one
         | competed in this space?
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | Well, when you say you are an "open-source" "nonprofit," both
           | which were their initial pitch, yes. If not, go for it.
           | 
           | Pivoting from a nonprofit to a for-profit should be illegal.
           | Looking at you, OpenAI.
        
         | neoeldex wrote:
         | I remember the days having to build my devkits with power
         | regulators and having to flash them with separate programmers.
         | The Arduino ecosystem opened up hardware to many designers,
         | makers and tinkerer's. sure thing, the real cost of the boards
         | is low. but the value is tremendous.
        
         | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
         | I don't think that's completely right, although I'm open to
         | parts of it. Arduino was always low-end relatively
         | uninteresting hardware sold at a significant markup, _but_
         | specifically made into a happy path that new users could easily
         | work with, which I think actually did justify the markup. The
         | value was never in the chips, the value was in selling premade
         | boards that came with power regulators and serial interfaces
         | built-in, that you could buy, plug in to your USB port (or
         | power+serial really early on), open the Arduino IDE, follow the
         | provided tutorials, and _it worked_. That said, I don 't have
         | enough perspective/knowledge to comment on their ethics, and I
         | wouldn't be surprised either way on them actually having
         | believed in open source or just being opportunistic.
         | 
         | OTOH, I would easily agree that the market moved under them,
         | because today others in the space can provide the same easy on-
         | ramp at a lower cost with better hardware, which is leaving
         | them flailing a bit.
        
           | mikepurvis wrote:
           | I think Arduino really struggles to justify its own existence
           | in a world where RPi exists. Like, sure, there are lots of
           | legitimate applications for microcontrollers where you need
           | realtime or interrupts or signal generating timers or instant
           | boot or ultra low power, but few of the common use cases (or
           | libraries) for Arduino really corner any of that-- most of it
           | that I've seen is stuff that would make way more sense as a
           | Python script running on a tiny Linux computer than as a
           | microcontroller firmware.
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | I disagree. There are numerous advantages to using
             | microcontrollers and one of them is not having a full
             | operating system.
             | 
             | A full OS brings a whole lot of software complexity and
             | places greater demands on the processor, which means
             | greater power draw, greater hardware expense (because you
             | need a beefier system just to run the OS) and reduced
             | reliability.
             | 
             | There is certainly a role for systems like a R-Pi that have
             | a complete OS on them, but there is also a real place for
             | lighter systems.
        
             | petsfed wrote:
             | Eh, if you're doing _anything_ in the background on an RPi,
             | timing intensive operations like I2C or SPI get really
             | buggy. Years ago, I had to add a retry function to basic,
             | 3-byte I2C transactions on an RPi, because even something
             | as simple as that was still getting bumped pretty often.
             | These days, I 'm more likely to just use a microcontroller
             | for all of those operations, and then use an FTDI cable to
             | let the micocontroller report its results up to the RPi.
             | That's always been easier than setting up something like
             | DMA on an RPi.
             | 
             | Granted, I write microcontroller firmware for a living
             | these days, but I still use RPis and Arduinos for proof-of-
             | concept work because of the simplicity of the toolchains.
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | I thought Linux had better support for realtime workloads
               | these days? I mean, yes, I would still prefer a dedicated
               | micro, but if you need a Real Computer in the mix it
               | might be _possible_ to get better results out of it.
        
               | petsfed wrote:
               | I mean, yes and no. But it also gets into "who is it
               | for?" and while you _can_ do things better, eventually
               | you reach a point where its easier to just do it the
               | right way.
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | IMO, Linux is unusually complicated to configure for
             | unattended use cases, despite being a server OS. Arduino
             | just goes into user code shortly after powerup, a la
             | AUTOEXEC.BAT, no systemd-jumpscared shenanigans. There's
             | just too much of those.
        
               | Animats wrote:
               | There ought to be something in between Wiring and Linux.
               | The problem is that the good minimal real-time operating
               | systems are not free. QNX, VXworks, etc. are all
               | expensive.
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | ESP32-based boards come with FreeRTOS built in.
        
               | fest wrote:
               | Zephyr fits the description IMO.
        
             | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
             | That sounds like a good usecase for micropython. In any
             | event, I disagree; microcontrollers are _easier_ to use
             | than having to admin an entire GNU /Linux box just to
             | twiddle some pins.
        
         | sircastor wrote:
         | I think you're underrating what Arduino was in its time. They
         | weren't selling an undifferentiated dev kit. The defining
         | feature of the Arduino was that it:
         | 
         | * Plugged into USB (The Decimila, Duelmilnova, and the Uno)
         | 
         | * Had a software stack that worked on Mac, Windows, and Linux
         | 
         | * Had a software library that allowed people to drop in
         | features to accomplish goals.
         | 
         | Arduino was a bad fit for an electrical engineer making a
         | product, but it was an _amazing_ fit for hobbyists and artists
         | trying make a one-off project or presentation. This is the
         | thing that the EE evangelists and gatekeepers could never seem
         | to grok: No one* cares if it 's taking 4 cycles or 120 cycles
         | to blink the LED, or turn the servo. Sure it starts to matter
         | if you're doing a dozen other things simultaneously, but most
         | people just wanted the LED to blink.
         | 
         | Arduino was a miracle when it showed up. No toolchain to figure
         | out because it was all just in the package. No bitmask
         | decoding. No being rejected because you're not running Windows.
         | The C Superset was surprisingly readable code for people who
         | didn't have a programming background.
         | 
         | It is shameful the way that Arduino was pulled out of Wiring,
         | without real credit and acknowledgement.
         | 
         | *Yes, there's the subset of people who were chasing efficiency,
         | or who were interested in doing things "The right way(tm)", but
         | this was never the target audience for Arduino.
        
           | jkestner wrote:
           | Living long enough to be seen as the villain. As you point
           | out, Arduino did a lot of original work in integrating the
           | toolchain that made it really simple to make something. They
           | then stagnated and competing products shot past them (and
           | that artist market).
           | 
           | The team was a group of academics who weren't necessarily
           | ready to build a business, but instead of letting it go when
           | the market, they've made some desperate decisions. The
           | industrial/commercial markets that a lot of people here use
           | microcontroller boards for are well catered by much cheaper
           | boards, and Arduino should've stuck to developing their
           | original creative market with better tools.
        
             | ilyt wrote:
             | > The team was a group of academics who weren't necessarily
             | ready to build a business, but instead of letting it go
             | when the market, they've made some desperate decisions. The
             | industrial/commercial markets that a lot of people here use
             | microcontroller boards for are well catered by much cheaper
             | boards, and Arduino should've stuck to developing their
             | original creative market with better tools.
             | 
             |  _and do what?_ That market isn 't used to pay for the
             | tools (hell, they made "good enough" one that's free), and
             | their boards are too pricy even for some one-offs
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | Pivot to actually being an open-source-supporting
               | nonprofit?
               | 
               | You know, the thing they were saying that they were?
        
               | ilyt wrote:
               | Right but earning money how ? nonprofit still needs to
               | pay the bills.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | From donations like a normal nonprofit. They probably
               | won't be able to pay the 7-figure salaries they were used
               | to from the grift they had before, though.
        
         | varispeed wrote:
         | > unable to compete with Chinese companies that charge a fair
         | price
         | 
         | That's debatable. I don't think China has the same labour laws
         | or costs of running a business. Maybe it's fair from their
         | perspective, but we really should have tariffs on such products
         | so that they would cost as much as if manufactured in the west
         | and perhaps use that money to help domestic businesses grow.
        
           | ilyt wrote:
           | I can buy the chips and pay myself living wage and still
           | solder Arduino nano for cheaper than they sell it and I don't
           | live in 3rd world country. That's the amount of profit they
           | make on one.
           | 
           | It's not the case of just chinese labour being cheaper, they
           | earn massive profits on one and when you can have 5 or even
           | 10 boards made for cost of one arduino it just becomes silly.
        
             | varispeed wrote:
             | There is a substantial difference between making something
             | for yourself and make it to sell as a business.
             | 
             | Also take into account that someone with a skill is not
             | going to look at making a living wage. It's a poor return
             | of investment in one's education.
        
               | ilyt wrote:
               | Congratulations on missing the point entirely
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | You can pay European/American labor rates and make an
               | Arduino for <$5. It takes Chinese labor rates to make
               | them for <$1.
               | 
               | They sell for $30.
        
       | paulkrush wrote:
       | I want a new or more terms for this. Open source hardware kinda
       | implies it's a legal catagory. It's a dream, and way to be
       | social, not a legal thing. I am begining to like "DIY" better. As
       | "This is hardware that is standard and easy to copy." Because
       | it's so easy to copy and everybody does, it's easy to live in
       | this world. I need to process this thought more. Also I am using
       | the word hardware to imply mecanical design. I think it's easier
       | to have open source hardware if you are taking about pcb boards.
        
       | pierat wrote:
       | > Last year (2022) Arduino took in a Series B funding round of
       | $32 million. [link:https://blog.adafruit.com/2022/06/07/series-b-
       | funding-round-...]
       | 
       | > [quote from the link] "So today, we dial up our vision for
       | universal innovation with a clear strategy to expand our
       | portfolio for professionals, supported by a Series B funding
       | round of $32 million led by the global deep tech investor Robert
       | Bosch Venture Capital (RBVC), joined by Renesas, Anzu Partners,
       | and Arm."
       | 
       | Remember folks, "VC's rhyme with feces". They will enshittify
       | your business faster than every toilet being used during the
       | Super Bowl.
       | 
       | Arduino is the latest casualty.
        
         | varispeed wrote:
         | One thing very much any sensible investor asks is: "How easy
         | someone can steal your lunch?"
         | 
         | With an open source product, it's like putting lunch on a table
         | at a busy high street and leaving it unattended.
         | 
         | Nobody is going to risk their money only to find out someone
         | took the product, remixed it and started selling at lower price
         | using their access to e.g. large scale manufacturing and so on.
         | 
         | This is especially a huge danger for small business, where they
         | don't have money for lawyers and can't use the economy of scale
         | for their product due to limited funding.
         | 
         | Basically, open source hardware is only viable for rich
         | manufacturers who can use it as a PR tool. Some even cynically
         | try to get young and inexperienced engineers to open up their
         | inventions, just so that they can pick the best ideas and use
         | in their own closed source products.
         | 
         | In short it's a pipe dream.
        
           | avmich wrote:
           | You're on an YC forum, so here people will happily tell you
           | about benefits of having somebody taking your product in this
           | case.
           | 
           | You can take their improvements and use them in your product
           | too. Here's the case of license abiding, and the whole topic
           | is about it, but in a "good enough case" you may hope for
           | that.
           | 
           | That somebody else will expand the product awareness for your
           | product. They'll try to go forward and find a good way, or
           | get some burns trying something market doesn't approve, and
           | many of that you can use for yourself. You may have a
           | profitable strategy by selling to them, by selling your
           | expertise elsewhere, by finding a niche etc. - or even,
           | having enough resources, by going more aggressively to them.
           | 
           | This forum traditionally thinks ideas are dime a dozen, and
           | (lots and lots of) IP protections in hardware are weird,
           | looking from the software point of view.
        
           | ilyt wrote:
           | Most products aren't all that hard to reverse engineer so
           | being open really doesn't hurt you all that much, if it is
           | being popular it will be cloned, open hardware or not.
           | 
           | And I think it can work if you are trying to make money on
           | services rather than devices used to provide them.
           | 
           | Say you're IoT company, selling open devices that are cloned
           | easily doesn't affect you if you make money on providing best
           | interface for them out there.
        
             | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
             | > make money on services rather than devices used to
             | provide them
             | 
             | I've come to the same conclusion over time. It's really
             | difficult to make money just selling hardware. But making
             | money customizing hardware or basing a software
             | product/service around readily available hardware is a much
             | simpler business model.
        
           | bityard wrote:
           | > One thing very much any sensible investor asks is: "How
           | easy someone can steal your lunch?"
           | 
           | And that's the problem, asking investors for their opinion.
           | Look, I'm a capitalist as much as the next person but you
           | don't start a company based on highly liberal ideals and then
           | expect nothing to change after bringing on outside investors.
           | If you want your non-traditional business model to succeed,
           | don't hand over your vision to someone else. They will demand
           | that you switch your business model to something that feels
           | "safer" to them, and you lose the main thing that
           | differentiates you from your competitors.
           | 
           | > With an open source product, it's like putting lunch on a
           | table at a busy high street and leaving it unattended.
           | 
           | No, that's not a good analogy. It's like putting lunch on a
           | table at a busy high street and _inviting people to help
           | themselves_. With the hope (not necessarily expectation) of
           | forming a relationship that will benefit everyone in the
           | future.
           | 
           | Even that was a little awkward but more concretely, here's an
           | example of Adafruit's business model. They sell hardware, at
           | prices generally higher than what you'd find for the Chinese
           | clones of their products on Amazon and eBay (not to mention
           | AliExp).
           | 
           | But what sets them apart from the clones is they write great
           | documentation, tutorials, and articles. They produce
           | educational videos and show-and-tells. They highlight
           | customer projects showing all of the neat things people are
           | doing with their hardware. They pay people to write open-
           | source libraries for a variety of microcontrollers and
           | devices that they sell, so that people can use them easily.
           | They host forums, they are active on social media, they speak
           | at conferences.
           | 
           | An open source-business only succeeds when you build a
           | vibrant community around it. If you can't do that, then yes,
           | the Chinese cloners are going to eat your lunch.
        
         | MSFT_Edging wrote:
         | Arduino has basically dominated every place where someone first
         | touches a microcontroller. Schools and most early learners buy
         | legit arduinos.
         | 
         | Why did they need VC funding?
        
           | pierat wrote:
           | Lets be fair.
           | 
           | This is where I buy arduino stuff.
           | https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005004305055818.html
           | 
           | And yes, the price is $.57 and $1.29 shipping. Its a total of
           | $12.98 for 10 of 'em. And that includes USB cables and
           | headers. And, they're also individually sealed.
           | 
           | And on https://store-usa.arduino.cc/products/arduino-
           | nano?selectedS... , they're only $24.90 EACH. That's $249 not
           | including shipping for the same.
           | 
           | Or perhaps you need an Arduino Mega for 3d printing? Only
           | $12.88 here. https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32909503032.html
           | 
           | You want ESP32 with usb-c ? $34.35/quantity 10 .
           | https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005005565990528.html
           | 
           | Or perhaps STM32 is more up your alley with arm?
           | https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32792513237.html and that
           | includes the ST-Link hardware programmer and the board for
           | $3.53
           | 
           | And, as long as you ask the dealer for the manual on Ali,
           | they'll almost always provide that. Might be partially or all
           | in Chinese. But again, us DIY makers can afford this. We
           | can't afford the jokes of prices in the US or European
           | markets.
        
             | MSFT_Edging wrote:
             | I'm talking institutions buying class sets, colleges having
             | your intro to microcontroller classes have you buy an
             | arduino at the book store. Starter kits on amazon, etc.
             | 
             | Of course you could buy something from aliexpress for
             | pennies on the dollar and a month of shipping time, but a
             | lot of people don't.
        
             | joemi wrote:
             | I've had a really bad time over the years with the USB
             | chips in the clones, to the point where if I'm using a
             | clone these days, I won't even attempt to use its USB and
             | I'll just use ICSP to program the arduino clone. For cases
             | where I know I'm going to want to use the USB I'll happily
             | buy a genuine Arduino.
        
               | mianos wrote:
               | I have as well with MacOS. Never with a PC. I have some
               | TTGO-display boards that have some USB to serial chip I
               | could never get working on a Mac, no matter what drivers,
               | uninstalling, installing etc. They worked fine on a PC.
               | In the end I threw them out so they did not get mixed up.
               | A very frustrating experience.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | Really? I've had no problems with the (usually CH34x) USB
               | interfaces across high double digits of boards. I could
               | ICSP them (and do for some of the 3D printers), but I
               | can't recall a single instance of Chinese-made clones
               | needing that.
               | 
               | There's no way it would get me to pay 5-8x over the
               | clones/respins.
        
             | iancmceachern wrote:
             | To be fair lots of other people just buy arduino brand
             | boards directly or through Amazon, sparkfun, adafruit, etc.
        
             | tacon wrote:
             | >This is where I buy arduino stuff.
             | >https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005004305055818.html
             | 
             | >And yes, the price is $.57 and $1.29 shipping. Its a total
             | of $12.98 for 10 of 'em. And that includes USB cables and
             | headers. And, they're also individually sealed.
             | 
             | Yes, I've bought Arduino's from AliExpress. But that link
             | is for a $0.57 "micro usb 30cm", i.e. a cable. The actual
             | boards start at $6.36. Isn't shopping on AliExpress fun?
        
               | ilyt wrote:
               | you can get them at $3-4 bucks
        
             | ilyt wrote:
             | ...so how VC funding help solve that problem ?
        
               | chaxor wrote:
               | They can increase the price further due to pressure.
               | Problem solved.
        
             | flangola7 wrote:
             | And now will VC solve this problem? You can't stop china
             | counterfeiting by throwing money at it.
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | I stopped buying those cheap boards, because of
             | quality/counterfeit issues. It's worth paying more (to me)
             | to avoid those problems.
             | 
             | Even when they work, there are often longevity issues,
             | which make them unsuitable for projects that I am giving to
             | others or that I expect to be using for years to come.
             | 
             | But if I'm doing some experimental project where I want a
             | lot of boards, or where there's a high risk that I'll fry
             | them, the cheapies make sense.
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | I may be an anecdote of 1, but I have purchased dozens
               | (probably over 100 by now) of arduino clones of various
               | types and have position converters based on Nano clones
               | running large machine tools in various industrial
               | locations. In all that time I've had _one_ failure and
               | that was due to me doing something stupid.
               | 
               | I think I've only ever had one genuine Arduino brand
               | device and that was sent to me by a client.
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | Excellent!
               | 
               | My experience is a bit different, obviously, but I'm
               | happy that yours is better.
               | 
               | I'm not talking about clones in general, though, I'm
               | talking about cut-rate boards from China and such.
        
               | Dah00n wrote:
               | How can open hardware be counterfeit?
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | Counterfeit chips, not boards.
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | Greed.
        
             | MSFT_Edging wrote:
             | Zero empathy then.
             | 
             | Imagine the actual innovation we'd see with actual lawless
             | ip laws. Everyone iterating from everyone else. It's how
             | china caught up and in some areas surpassed.
             | 
             | Maybe our IP model is just weights on a runner's ankles.
        
               | paulmd wrote:
               | iirc a recent study suggested that there is no measurable
               | social benefit (eg, increase in rate of innovation) from
               | patents, but I can't immediately find a source for that.
               | But generally everyone has this idea of the scrappy
               | inventor in their garage inventing the flux capacitor and
               | that's not really how it works, patents are like H1-Bs,
               | they are a thing that benefits the companies with enough
               | scale and legal resources to lobby and work the system.
               | And those guys are gonna be fine regardless.
               | 
               | it's unsurprising though because in general even in the
               | happy case, you have locked an invention to a single
               | company for 28 years and that's an eternity in the modern
               | era. And future slight improvements effectively
               | refresh/evergreen the patent, because there's usually
               | only a couple viable ways of doing something. I think of
               | this as the "e-ink" scenario, where there's this
               | fantastic tech that's locked to a company that wants to
               | work out recurring-revenue licensing models for hundreds
               | of dollars per device per year and such, and slow-walks
               | innovation secure in the knowledge that if a competitor
               | does appear that they not only have years of head-start
               | but could sqush them in litigation.
               | 
               | Then in the unhappy case you've got the places that get a
               | patent for "updates delivered over the internet" or
               | "e-commerce on a website" like the one that tried to
               | shake down newegg. Most companies will just pay up rather
               | than fight it on principle, regardless of how egregious
               | the patent is. And such patents obviously should never be
               | issued but the patent office don't care and the legal
               | system allows jurisdiction-shopping that ensure that once
               | issued, the patents will find a sympathetic venue in a
               | red state that's happy to rake in the court fees. Imagine
               | if it's your small LLC that gets targeted instead of a
               | company like Newegg with enough resources to fight, this
               | is a huge instance of that "big companies exploit the
               | system to squash smaller upstarts" failure mode that
               | reduces innovation.
               | 
               | and really the existence of the system at all essentially
               | ensures at least some friction loss of innovation due to
               | the mere possibility of problem B occurring. Let alone in
               | systems (like ours) where it actually does occur
               | frequently and blatantly.
               | 
               | even when it is not flagrantly obvious like the above-
               | mentioned (real, issued) patents, the standard of "not
               | obvious to a skilled practioner in the art" is not really
               | being enforced, or an incredibly low bar of "not obvious"
               | is being utilized (de facto it only seems to mean prior
               | art). A shit-ton of these things are things that would be
               | obvious to any engineer that sat down and worked whatever
               | problem through. If it's going to exist, it ideally would
               | be very narrowly targeted, and perhaps even the patent
               | duration and terms should be customized to the
               | significance and innovativeness of the invention. If you
               | invent a cancer drug and take it through trials that
               | should be handled differently than "3d printer but with a
               | different kind of head inspired by a pastry machine that
               | builds a print 10% better" or whatever.
               | 
               | unfortunately if you remove the patent system that
               | actually disadvantages you internationally, because you
               | didn't patent your thing! And of course it's against the
               | international treaties/etc (which we wrote and could
               | change but still). Again, this actually prevents you from
               | even toning down the abuse of the system because if a US
               | patent is harder to get than any other, you are just
               | disadvantaging US companies. And if you create an uneven
               | playing field for patent lifetimes/etc then that will
               | ultimately benefit companies who can point to the billion
               | $ they spent in R&D and against the person who invented
               | something in their garage (how important could it really
               | be?) and doesn't know how to sell it in the patent
               | application/etc.
               | 
               | It's a race to the bottom at every level. Which is just
               | an inherent problem with globalization (and the US
               | federal system) in general. If you don't have a "minimum
               | standard" then some places are gonna race to the bottom,
               | and a rational actor is highly incentivized to find
               | loopholes that let them eliminate those "minimum
               | standards" and race to the bottom while everyone else is
               | held to higher, more expensive standards.
               | 
               | The court-shopping problem is really just a microcosm/toy
               | problem of these globalization problems. Same problem,
               | different scale.
        
               | robomartin wrote:
               | Patents are not the problem.
               | 
               | Bullshit patents that should have never been granted are.
               | That's the problem.
               | 
               | I have no choice but to live in the world of patents. We
               | have to file patents and protect ourselves from them. One
               | of the reasons for which we have to endure such bullshit
               | is the massive numbers of patents that should have been
               | rejected and never issued.
               | 
               | The US Patent Office has granted so many patents that
               | are, as they say in the trade, obvious to those skilled
               | in the art, that almost every domain is an absolute
               | minefield littered with these bullshit patents.
               | 
               | What do you do if you have to play in these domains?
               | Well, go and file bullshit patents! It's an arms race.
               | And the ammunition takes the form of PDF files approved
               | by the USPTO.
               | 
               | Defending against a claim of patent infringement is very
               | expensive, even if the patent should have never been
               | granted.
               | 
               | In some ways, the bottom line is that you have attorneys
               | doing what they do best: Make a mess out of something
               | that could have been far simpler. You have attorneys at
               | the USPTO working with attorneys being hired to put
               | patents through. Everybody is happy.
               | 
               | And, if litigation happens, they are all even happier,
               | because that's when the big bucks roll in.
               | 
               | I am all for true-invention patents, worthy patents.
               | These require investment, time, effort and true discovery
               | of new things. I am just fine rewarding companies and
               | individuals with 20 years of protection for such work.
               | Anyone who has developed difficult technology understands
               | that it could easily take ten to twenty years to see
               | results. My problem is with the 75% to 95% of patents
               | that should have never been granted.
        
               | jiminymcmoogley wrote:
               | sounds like you might be referring to this paper
               | published by the st louis fed https://s3.amazonaws.com/re
               | al.stlouisfed.org/wp/2012/2012-03... - i'll be honest and
               | admit i haven't read through it but i do see it mentioned
               | on here a lot so it's been sitting in my bookmarks
               | untouched for a while, just thought i'd link it for
               | anyone curious
        
               | paulmd wrote:
               | definitely that's the one, thanks
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | Removing all IP protections would likely make it harder
               | to run these sorts of businesses, but nobody has any
               | inherent right to run a successful business
        
               | ilyt wrote:
               | 3-5 years protection would be enough to give head start
               | without stifling innovation much I think
        
         | sircastor wrote:
         | I'm reminded that Maker Media was making a Magazine and a
         | faire, and then took a pile of VC money and crashed and burned.
         | It was a mess. The Magazine is back, the faire is back but the
         | whole debacle is a lesson learned that none of that was
         | necessary.
        
           | pierat wrote:
           | No, get it right.
           | 
           | The VC destroyed the Maker Faire and magazine because it did
           | not make enough profit fast enough. Therefore it was more
           | profitable for the VC to destroy the business and cash in the
           | chunks left over.
           | 
           | Venture capitalists are shit no matter how you look at it.
           | And they will take sustainable businesses and dismantle them
           | wholesale to squeeze a few extra pennies.
           | 
           | I hope Make/Maker Faire will never again touch a cent of VC's
           | money.
        
             | jeron wrote:
             | >And they will take sustainable businesses and dismantle
             | them wholesale to squeeze a few extra pennies.
             | 
             | wait till you hear about private equity
        
               | reaperman wrote:
               | There's a LOT of overlap there. VC is one form of private
               | equity. And increasingly, VC's are willing to execute
               | some of the more traditional private equity strategies
               | which you're likely attempting to reference.
        
       | villgax wrote:
       | Likewise in software with Facebook AI releases
        
       | reaperman wrote:
       | This is a very well-written article by someone who is intimately
       | knowledgeable of the history of the field. The interview with
       | Josef Prusa is particularly illuminating.
       | 
       | It's a very, very sad story. It sounds like open-source hardware
       | could have thrived if it weren't for China subsidizing local
       | companies and enforcing bad IP claims for its domestic companies
       | (which was really IP stolen from other countries but filed for
       | patent first in China by Chinese companies).
        
         | josephcsible wrote:
         | > China subsidizing local companies and enforcing bad IP claims
         | for its domestic companies (which was really IP stolen from
         | other countries but filed for patent first in China by Chinese
         | companies).
         | 
         | I wish Western countries had import bans on goods manufactured
         | by Chinese companies that did that.
        
           | impalallama wrote:
           | It's happened but only on highly strategically important
           | stuff like microprocessors
        
         | aleph_minus_one wrote:
         | > It sounds like open-source hardware could have thrived if it
         | weren't for China subsidizing local companies and enforcing bad
         | IP claims for its domestic companies (which was really IP
         | stolen from other countries but filed for patent first in China
         | by Chinese companies).
         | 
         | The problem is rather the customers who buy China stuff instead
         | of products from companies from western countries.
        
         | gchadwick wrote:
         | Are the Chinese companies actually persuing IP claims? What it
         | says about patents is concerning but there's no concrete
         | example of practical issues from it so far.
         | 
         | If a Chinese company simply makes and sells a version of an
         | open source design are they doing anything wrong? This is
         | allowed by the licensing terms.
        
           | nyolfen wrote:
           | per prusa's comments in the article, they are filing patents
           | based on open source work at scale
        
             | eropple wrote:
             | Patents, yes. Deployed patents, not to date.
             | 
             | I have only marginal sympathy for Prusa when they _aren 't
             | shipping things people want to buy_.
        
           | Fomite wrote:
           | Bambu has been saber rattling. Ironically, I think it's less
           | aimed at Prusa and more at their own Chinese knock-off
           | competitors.
        
         | inconceivable wrote:
         | china is not going to ever respect western patents. people need
         | to get this through their thick skulls. if your company is not
         | compatible with china existing, one of these things is going
         | away, and it isn't china. the madder you get, the less they
         | care. they're on the other side of the planet and have their
         | own system. they're not even _thinking_ about you as they go
         | about their business.
         | 
         | i swear it's like the collective west just infinite-loops
         | through the stages of grief when it comes to china even
         | existing.
         | 
         | and to those of you who think "well we have to do something
         | about it" -- yeah, the west has been "doing something" about it
         | for hundreds of years. various tactics, strategies, wars,
         | colonialism, both pro- and anti- whatever regime is in power.
         | none of it works long term.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > china is not going to ever respect western patents. people
           | need to get this through their thick skulls.
           | 
           | China can do whatever the f..k they want. The problem is our
           | own governments: they could and should have sanctioned the
           | country to oblivion... had they not foolishly tied their
           | entire nations to the success of China.
           | 
           | We all allowed, hell we _welcomed_ Chinese products in our
           | markets because our population got a decade or two of cheap
           | Chinese made crap products which helped to hide wage
           | stagnation (and rich CEOs getting ever richer). Then we got
           | addicted, a _ton_ of jobs got shipped off to China, here in
           | Germany they stripped an entire mining facility and sent it
           | overseas [1], and far-right parties fed themselves fat on the
           | resulting economic devastation. And _then_ we went even more
           | foolish and sat idly by as our car companies completely
           | ignored the domestic market and only focused on growing in
           | China... with the predictable fuck-up that China learned how
           | to make cheap EVs and now our industry is at the curb of
           | collapsing against cheap Chinese cars and no competent
           | competition bar Tesla.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.nd-aktuell.de/artikel/205443.vom-ruhrgebiet-
           | nach...
        
             | leidenfrost wrote:
             | The problem is that first world labor is totally overpriced
             | and their lifestyle is simply unsustainable.
             | 
             | 20 years ago it "could" be justified by selling the idea
             | that American or European labor is light years away in
             | terms of quality compared to Chinese or any developing
             | country's labor.
             | 
             | And that may still be true, but the gap has shrunk in size
             | by a lot. To the point that corporations may not want to
             | pay 120k or 200k a year for something that can be made in a
             | developing country for 20k a year and with ~80% of the
             | quality.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > The problem is that first world labor is totally
               | overpriced and their lifestyle is simply unsustainable.
               | 
               | The thing is, the comparatively high labor cost in
               | Western countries is so high because we can _actually
               | have a life_ on it _and_ feed a bunch of uber rich people
               | with our labor and taxes (because guess what, people like
               | Warren Buffett and his ilk pay a ridiculously low tax
               | rate [1] compared to legitimately employed working class
               | people). In contrast, China, India, Thailand or Vietnam
               | can offer very cheap labor because for the people there
               | even utter pittances and absolutely ridiculous
               | exploitation are better than the life these people had
               | before.
               | 
               | While I do support the efforts China and India both have
               | committed to lifting literally a billion of people out of
               | utter poverty, it has at the same time brought disastrous
               | consequences on our own society. I'd be happier with
               | globalization if we had forced importers of _any_ good to
               | make sure that wages, labor conditions and environmental
               | impact were on par with domestic regulations because the
               | status quo is exploitation on all levels to benefit
               | Western oligarchs (and imagine how the life of Chinese
               | factory workers would be with Western wages!).
               | 
               | [1] https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/08/bezos-musk-buffett-
               | bloomberg...
        
           | thomastjeffery wrote:
           | In other words, _intellectual property_ does not work. That
           | era ended a while ago, and the west is still playing pretend.
        
             | disintegore wrote:
             | It was always a farce to begin with. Inventing scarcity
             | where there is none because there was zero willingness to
             | organize production around anything other than markets. It
             | was a bad but understandably necessary move back when the
             | printing press was invented. Centuries later, with
             | practically instant and practically infinite reproduction
             | of most types of information, it's pure insanity.
        
               | thomastjeffery wrote:
               | It was workable when there was a real cost associated
               | with reproduction. Everyone knew it was arbitrary social
               | scaffolding, but it was stable enough for society to keep
               | it standing.
               | 
               | Now that scaffold has no real foundation, save for a
               | handful of gigantic corporations holding on as tightly as
               | they can, and punishing anyone who dares contradict them.
        
           | oytis wrote:
           | > the west has been "doing something" about it for hundreds
           | of years. various tactics, strategies, wars, colonialism,
           | both pro- and anti- whatever regime is in power. none of it
           | works long term.
           | 
           | Come on, China was pretty irrelevant to the outside world
           | until the US started pumping money into it in the 70s. That's
           | exactly what the West should stop doing.
        
             | inconceivable wrote:
             | the reason you are so confused is because your assumption
             | that china just popped into existence fully-formed in 1945
             | or whatever, is totally and utterly wrong and ignores
             | literally hundreds if not thousands of years of relevant
             | history.
             | 
             | literally everyone has tried to take over china (modern
             | translation: "access their markets"), from the mongols to
             | the british to the japanese. i bet even the romans had some
             | half-assed plan they were working on.
        
               | cracrecry wrote:
               | >literally everyone has tried to take over china (modern
               | translation: "access their markets"), from the mongols to
               | the british to the japanese. i bet even the romans had
               | some half-assed plan they were working on.
               | 
               | China was an Empire because they tried(and succeeded)
               | taking over neighbours by force, including Mongols and
               | Japanese.
               | 
               | To portray Chinese like saints or victims is not knowing
               | about the thousands of years you talk about.
        
               | inconceivable wrote:
               | lmao china took over japan
               | 
               | OKAY BUDDY.
               | 
               | you are literally just making shit up.
               | 
               | you're going to upset both the china ccp tankies and the
               | japanophile weebs at the same time. truly a remarkable
               | feat. something i didn't think was possible.
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | > China was an Empire because they tried(and succeeded)
               | taking over neighbours by force, including Mongols and
               | Japanese.
               | 
               | Uhm... You clearly have no idea about China.
               | 
               | First, it was _itself_ conquered by Mongols (
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_China ).
               | Who were then simply assimilated.
               | 
               | Second, China has never conquered Japan.
               | 
               | Overall, China has been remarkably non-aggressive.
        
               | disintegore wrote:
               | Probably the least belligerent superpower in history,
               | internally and externally.
               | 
               | They're no saints. Anybody can see that. But by my
               | estimation 90% of the discourse around China in the west
               | is just pure consent manufacturing.
        
           | ChrisKnott wrote:
           | Stealing IP is basically a blue shell. At some point probably
           | China will be leading tech innovation and the West will have
           | little incentive to respect their patents.
        
             | dirtyid wrote:
             | Which is IMO fine for PRC since it's manufacturing base can
             | always out compete west on cost. The real issue is IP law
             | protects incumbents, predominantly western companies. Stats
             | from a few years ago was PRC was paying $6 in IP to US for
             | every $1 it took. It's a rigged game with rules made by
             | west to benefit west. It's unsustainable. As PRC catches
             | up, would it like a world where their IP gets respected?
             | Yes, but the second best is a world where western IP gets
             | increasingly ignored because that deals disproportionate
             | damage to those with most profitable IP portfolios.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | samtho wrote:
             | I just can't see the PRC and the CCP in its current form
             | sticking around long enough. Between their demographic
             | collapse and pushback on globalization amongst some of the
             | largest nations and economic zones who trade with China
             | (not the mention China imports most of its food), we will
             | see the CCP take an even firmer grasp just before it either
             | collapses or disintegrates. We will likely see the largest
             | cities revert to self-governance and then we will have a
             | better understanding of the geopolitical landscape in which
             | we will all operate in. If Hong Kong's economic and
             | political influence positions it to self-govern once again,
             | perhaps taking much of Guangdong with it, we may see more
             | respect for global IP protections.
        
               | dirtyid wrote:
               | PRC global trade increased by 1 trillion with a T in the
               | last 4 years, more than the prior 10 years. That's the
               | greatest expansion in globalism... ever. Most with the
               | global south, some of which is redirected trade to
               | western block who realized they can't decouple but only
               | derisk while the PRC has increased global integration
               | more than... ever. Meanwhile PRC is moving from 25%
               | skilled workforce to 60/70/80% like an advanced economy
               | by spamming ~5M stem per year - for next 20-30 years
               | they'll be reaping the greatest concentrated pool of
               | skilled labour demographic dividend... also ever. Maybe
               | post 2060s demography will be an issue like JP whose
               | problem is they couldn't replace skilled labour at parity
               | and even then they just merely stayed... very
               | competitive. That's what a PRC "collapse" will look like,
               | a massive Japan (as in multiple Japans) where median
               | projection paints 2100 PRC as the second largest country
               | with a skilled workforce many times larger than 2023 PRC.
               | Conveniently, also one that doesn't have to import
               | calories/energy. That's the problem with focusing only on
               | the demographic pyramid and not actual demographic
               | workforce composition. Yes PRC will have demographic
               | challenges, but demographic trends also point toward
               | overwhelming PRC global competitiveness and geopolitical
               | security.
        
               | samtho wrote:
               | PRC global trade is propped up by extremely low-value,
               | often non-essential goods on the export side and they
               | import much of very essential food supplies and some
               | other raw materials to make these goods. We have already
               | seen a shift in manufacturing to Mexico which benefits
               | the US with a skilled labor force enjoying low CoL, all
               | within the North American free trade zone.
               | 
               | Low-end semiconductor manufacturing is one of the last
               | essential things the world imports from China, but much
               | of this is already moving to Vietnam. Medium to high-end
               | semiconductor manufacturing largely takes place in Japan,
               | Taiwan, and the United States - all of which are allied
               | together and will respect export restrictions. We will
               | see Germany (another ally) step in once their fabrication
               | facilities are complete and operational, maybe by 2026.
               | 
               | Calling their wide-scale demographic collapse as merely
               | "challenges" is disingenuous. This is a looming complete
               | and total catastrophe that will spark a humanitarian
               | crisis, the likes of which the world has not seen before.
               | Their short-sighted one child policy they had into place
               | from 1979 to 2015 has robbed them of more than half of
               | their 30-40 year olds, people at their prime working age,
               | just as their parents are entering retirement. The legal
               | obligation of children to take care of their parents in
               | their old age had put additional burden on the single
               | child of each parental union. These adult children are
               | putting off having a family of their own due to this.
               | This cycle continues.
               | 
               | And this is just the stuff we know about. We likely won't
               | even know how many people died of COVID-19, what are the
               | figures of major events that we don't even know about?
               | Disinformation campaigns stamp out people speaking ill
               | China, but when all this comes to a head, it will seem
               | sudden but will the crescendo of compounding events,
               | falling onto the next like dominos.
        
               | solardev wrote:
               | Is fragmenting into city states more likely than the CCP
               | continuing to change, as it has over the past few
               | decades?
               | 
               | Chinese cultural identity, centered around Han dominance
               | and collectivism, has been a unifying force for quite
               | some time. HK was a major exception because of British
               | influence, but I have a hard time seeing the rest of the
               | country willingly breaking up rather than just slowly
               | forcing through change.
        
               | inconceivable wrote:
               | ground breaking novel analysis: china is going to
               | collapse any day now. for real this time. maybe if we
               | keep repeating it enough, it will happen.
        
             | solardev wrote:
             | It's not even the same system though. When some Chinese
             | company gets big enough, they just get partially or wholly
             | subsumed by the government in a quasi-nationalization. IP
             | and patents don't have much meaning in such a system. They
             | aren't even much protected from themselves, much less from
             | foreign pirates.
             | 
             | They're not quite communist but they don't protect
             | individual property rights to the same degree that we do.
             | If we stole their designs they'd probably just shrug, but
             | we'd still have to contend with our own laws and domestic
             | competitors and international trade agreements with other
             | Western nations, while they just continue on their merry
             | way, growing and growing while securing logistics and
             | supply routes from a bunch of small countries and mines.
             | 
             | At the end of the day, their system can more efficiently
             | organize national production around some shared goal. Ours
             | allows more independent experimentation and a faster pace
             | of innovation. But once they have their minds set on
             | something, collectively, I don't think our market would be
             | able to keep pace unless we keep being able to
             | technologically leapfrog them. But that can only last for
             | so long, especially as our education continues to weaken...
        
               | msla wrote:
               | > At the end of the day, their system can more
               | efficiently organize national production around some
               | shared goal.
               | 
               | That sounds like propaganda. Oligopolies are historically
               | hilariously inefficient, and China's brain drain hardly
               | seems like it portends well for them:
               | 
               | https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-brain-drain-
               | threatens-it...
               | 
               | https://archive.ph/ACMyG
               | 
               | https://web.archive.org/web/20170225132236/http://www.nyt
               | ime...
               | 
               | https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/china-s-
               | millio...
        
               | dirtyid wrote:
               | PRC state driven industrial policies are hilariously
               | efficient against entrenched (western) incumbants,
               | because the alternative is to not be competitive at all
               | since new competitors simply can't compete against moat
               | of established western companies with resources that
               | rival government funding, no less US cheap money. PRC
               | scale is large enough to do that, meanwhile most
               | countries/blocs too small or uncoordinated to even try.
               | 
               | That's why US/west copying PRC industrial policies,
               | because PRC industrial policy is initially "inefficient",
               | and then they become absurdly efficient, saturating
               | domestic market at first, then export massive surplus to
               | globe, and eats away at western shares. Analysis of PRC
               | moving up value chain and global export share on PV,
               | telecom, android smartphone, display panel shows
               | reduction in operating margin of leading companies by
               | 50-90%. Hence US is trying to stop PRC semi. And I'm
               | guessing west on PRC EV soon. Because the efficiency of
               | PRC indy policy is also measured in making western
               | companies less productive.
               | 
               | As for PRC brain drain, Chinese academics/talent in west
               | floating back to PRC in record numbers. Those are good
               | portends vs statistically insignificant % of millionaires
               | trying to hide their money abroad. Which entire ignores
               | the fact that PRC generates so much domestic talent now
               | that west can't meaningfuly braindrain even if they
               | wanted to. PRC is in process of milking the greatest high
               | skill demographic divident in recorded history. It took
               | PRC 20 years to build up ~15M STEM talent to catch up in
               | west in most sectors except extremely difficult
               | integration projects like aviation and semi. She's
               | generating that much talent every 3-4 years now.
               | 
               | E: over post limit
               | 
               | Yet the west copies PRC, an "unserious" regime, none the
               | less. From PRC content moderation, to surveillance, to
               | industrial policies, there's more convergence than
               | divergence. Because PRC is prescient. Enough so to be
               | labelled as only US competitor who is capable of
               | reshaping global order.
        
               | msla wrote:
               | The PRC bet on Russia's invasion of Ukraine and got
               | burned. Their constant whining about Taiwan and childish
               | insistence that Tienanmen Square never happened makes
               | them the laughingstock of the world. Their continued
               | support for the demented lapdog regime in North Korea is
               | similarly laughable. Their deification of gangsters like
               | Mao and Deng puts them on a par with other unserious
               | regimes as North Korea and the former USSR.
               | 
               | China's massive digital divide is shameful, as is its
               | neglect and brutalization of ethnic minorities. China's
               | sexism is notorious the world over, as is its noxious
               | pollution and the utter disregard its companies have for
               | environmental laws. There's little for the West to copy,
               | and even less the West should copy.
        
               | inconceivable wrote:
               | i can tell you watch a lot of youtube videos on why china
               | is bad.
        
               | macintux wrote:
               | I'm not necessarily disagreeing but "you're wrong" is
               | much less compelling than "here are some concrete ways in
               | which your list is misleading".
        
           | daniel_reetz wrote:
           | Also, this is OSHW - Open Source Hardware - a _copyright_
           | based license, U.S. copyright does not protect hardware.
           | Patents are a whole other subject. This article is about Open
           | Hardware being abused, not patents.
           | 
           | I stopped working on OSHW because it can't protect hardware.
           | It has no legal teeth. Better to just give it away (public
           | domain or whatever).
        
             | blackguardx wrote:
             | Hardware can be copyrighted, but it only protects the PCB
             | layout.
        
         | eropple wrote:
         | So...the thing is, the real competitors to the Prusa i3
         | printers _are_ open-source. Like, actually. The Sovol SV06 is a
         | Chinese printer very clearly based on the Prusa i3 heritage. It
         | 's an excellent alternative to the MK3S+ and the firmware
         | source and CAD designs are on GitHub. There are definitely
         | budget-range 3D printers with an i3 heritage (probably not
         | derived tightly from the Prusa design, a lot of them seem like
         | the product of one engineer and a disassembled Ender 3), but
         | the SV06 is for my money _the one to get_ , and it's a quarter
         | of the price of an MK3S+, without the bizarre-in-2023
         | "preassembled" option that's table stakes for everybody else.
         | 
         | The bigger problem seems to be that the i3 printers _are table
         | stakes now_ , while Prusa engine seized up and forward progress
         | went to pot. The Prusa XL is not vaporware but it's close _and
         | preposterously expensive_ , while the MK4 released without
         | input shaping in their extremely customized port of Marlin.
         | Those "Chinese knockoffs" are shipping Klipper-based printers,
         | with SBCs, where you get that for free.
         | 
         | And then you have the Bambu printers, which are OSS-compliant
         | where required (their slicer is a derivative of PrusaSlicer)
         | but built an in-house OS (not actually that shocking, and
         | almost certainly not pirated; 3D printers just aren't that
         | hard) that has given them a printer that's conservatively 18-24
         | months ahead of everybody except maybe Prusa with the XL. I
         | really don't like Bambu's patent saber-rattling, that sucks,
         | but they just shipped a better mousetrap, too.
         | 
         | Open-source 3D printing is on the ropes because it isn't making
         | stuff as good as the closed-source stuff. Not because of cheap
         | cloners. I didn't want to buy a Bambu printer so held out for
         | the Creality K1 (and they _are_ being bad citizens, they haven
         | 't released their Klipper source) and it's not good, I waited
         | for Prusa to sell me on a Prusa XL but to get one I'll be
         | waiting until 2024 at the earliest and spending $500 on that
         | "preassembled" option to boot, and...Bambu just sold me a P1S
         | with an AMS for $1000 flat. C'mon.
        
           | wasted_intel wrote:
           | > which are OSS-compliant where required
           | 
           | This is the crux of the problem. Where Prusa is openly
           | sharing, you have companies that are benefiting from that
           | without reciprocating. Part of the tax you're paying when
           | buying an i3MK4 is the continued investment in the open
           | source/hardware contributions of the company, not just the
           | end product. Shelling out $1k for a Bambu is your
           | prerogative, but it does cast a vote with your wallet for a
           | company that is more predatory than collaborative.
        
             | eropple wrote:
             | Bambu Studio is open-source and available on GitHub. Prusa
             | complains that it's hard to upstream, yes--but when you
             | look at Prusa's GPL'd firmware for their printers, _that 's
             | even harder to upstream_. They don't even try to upstream
             | to Marlin! But they don't complain about that. At least
             | Creality, of all people, _sponsors_ Marlin development--
             | like, with money.
             | 
             | So what, exactly, is your point here? Bambu is compliant
             | and is reciprocating; OrcaSlicer derives from Bambu Studio
             | and works great. Their printer firmware is _not_ as far as
             | anyone can prove derived from GPL software (and I tend to
             | think that by now somebody would 've found it), so they
             | keep that.
             | 
             | Let's get to the brassest of tacks: one can talk about
             | "contributing" until one's blue (or orange) in the face,
             | but Prusa can't or won't ship a functioning, assembled-
             | before-you-get-it multimaterial CoreXY for less than
             | $2,500. Bambu came out the gate with one, _not_ reliant on
             | Marlin or Klipper, and it _actually works_.
             | 
             | I genuinely can't believe I'm having to point this out,
             | because I think Bambu _does_ suck as a company and sniffing
             | about patents well-and-truly sucks, but they remain, and
             | are the only, such bastard-coated bastards that can
             | actually ship something usable at a price somebody can
             | afford. $2500 for a Prusa XL would be more expensive than
             | my CNC. I actually _do_ need multimaterial, not for models
             | but for tooling, so continuing to limp along with my
             | collection of Klipper printers isn 't reasonable. So what's
             | your actual solution for a quality-outcomes tool at a
             | reasonable price?
        
               | thrtythreeforty wrote:
               | What CNC do you recommend for <$2500?
        
             | Fomite wrote:
             | They may not be reciprocating in the way Prusa wants, but
             | they're open source enough that there's also a fork of
             | Bambu's slicer.
        
           | Baeocystin wrote:
           | Just wanted to add on- I've gotten more actual, paid print
           | work done in the few weeks I've had an X1c than the previous
           | few months with my old SeeMeCNC delta. It makes no sense to
           | use anything else around this point- the generational
           | difference between the machines is that great.
        
             | eropple wrote:
             | I disagree on one point: the Bambu extruder's TPU
             | performance isn't great. It's usable, but I'm keeping my
             | Neptune 3 Plus around specifically because its extruder and
             | hotend do an excellent job on flexibles.
        
               | Baeocystin wrote:
               | Sure, I get it. I'm keeping my delta around for taller
               | prints, too. But they are edge cases for my daily work.
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | It's also worth noting that bambu are run by people who used
           | to work at Dji, a company that made spy drones for several
           | governments.
        
             | mardifoufs wrote:
             | What is the threat model here? That they monitor what
             | people are 3d printing? I mean, not exactly scary imo...
        
               | eropple wrote:
               | FWIW I don't feel comfortable using their cloud stuff
               | either, and I'm buying one. They do, however, have a SD
               | card and a LAN-only option.
        
         | teraflop wrote:
         | In case anyone else was curious, the author is Phillip Torrone.
         | (On mobile, the byline is buried in the page footer all the way
         | below the comments, and easy to miss.)
        
         | disintegore wrote:
         | There's something I'm just not getting with Prusa's
         | justification. With open hardware, anyone can take your designs
         | and run with them. Not just Chinese companies with zero regard
         | for IP law. There is no IP to have regard for. Mercantilist
         | policies in China should affect all western companies in that
         | market more or less the same. I am not seeing how relicensing
         | will make Prusa3D's business more viable.
        
         | tmchu wrote:
         | >It's a very, very sad story. It sounds like open-source
         | hardware could have thrived if it weren't for China subsidizing
         | local companies and enforcing bad IP claims for its domestic
         | companies (which was really IP stolen from other countries but
         | filed for patent first in China by Chinese companies).
         | 
         | Why is this China factor even a problem for open-source? The
         | open source community have always been threaten by closed-
         | source copycat. Even western companies also do that without
         | much repercussion. The real threat is, as the article pointed
         | out, the trend of `open source` companies going closed source
         | because of profit motive.
        
           | nyolfen wrote:
           | prusa describes the issue as being that chinese enterprises
           | file for bogus patents in china at scale based on open source
           | work, and due to trade agreements the patents can be extended
           | to other countries. even if the patents are bogus they could
           | still file suit to crush western competitors at home by
           | wasting resources, and they have state backing/funding
        
             | dmvdoug wrote:
             | Point of clarification: could they file suit or have they
             | started doing that?
             | 
             | In other words, is this a fear of something that might
             | happen or something that is currently ongoing?
             | 
             | Or, to put it another way, is the simply rationalization
             | for decision to close source made for other reasons or an
             | actual reason?
        
             | tmchu wrote:
             | Again, litigation and patent trolls are nothing new to the
             | community. Claiming China in this case sounds like a crutch
             | to wash off their own image after doing fishy thing
             | themselves.
        
             | eropple wrote:
             | Prusa's primary opponent in this space would be Bambu--who,
             | to be clear, _are_ rattling their saber about patents, and
             | they suck for that. They also have a better, faster printer
             | that has its full feature set available on release, and
             | Prusa does not.
             | 
             | I am more annoyed that Prusa is doing a bad job of
             | shepherding open source and shipping _bad products_ than
             | that Bambu has a closed-source better one.
        
               | chaxor wrote:
               | This is very close to the academia/industry divide.
               | Academia (the public) spends an enormous amount of money
               | investing in research to discover something novel and
               | effective, or makes a large efficiency gain. Industry
               | reads that, and implements it, with some minor tweaks.
               | This, products are made for fractions of the cost it
               | would have otherwise cost to make, with large
               | improvements over previous capabilities, due to the work
               | done in the public sphere. Effectively very similar to
               | open and closed source.
        
               | mardifoufs wrote:
               | To be clear, I'm not sure your analogy makes sense for
               | the bambu printers vs prusa situatuon. If anything, prusa
               | did not spend enough money actually advancing their tech.
               | They are still deeply attached to their good old bed
               | slinger design in 2023, and they literally just
               | implemented the same thing with minor tweaks for years
               | until recently. They rested on their laurels which was
               | fine when the 3d printing industry was stagnating, but
               | not anymore.
               | 
               | Bambu lab on the other hand came up with something pretty
               | good, very well integrated that has basically taken 0
               | from the prusa designs. So it's not really closed source
               | profiting off of public or open source work. Maybe for
               | the slicer, but that's it.
               | 
               | Just compare the abysmal performance and quality of
               | prusa's MMU that still really sucks almost half a decade
               | after they originally released the product. Even if they
               | are super expensive too! While on the bambu printers...
               | It just works.
        
       | Joel_Mckay wrote:
       | At one time it was taboo to copy hobby kits verbatim without
       | adding anything significant to the design.
       | 
       | China IP address show up within weeks of starting any new small
       | open project, and 2 months later one often sees project cloned
       | alpha PCBs available on Ali-express/ebay/Amazon/tindie/sparkfun.
       | The defective legacy RAMPs 1.4 with potential fire risks are
       | still being sold a decade later.
       | 
       | It has become such an issue, that even finding the original
       | authors to support their projects becomes increasingly difficult
       | as google starts to overflow with pages of SEO ad links.
       | 
       | I wouldn't say anything has changed, but open hardware doesn't
       | seem sustainable unless you are an active small factory in China.
       | 
       | Good luck =)
        
       | gchadwick wrote:
       | Feels like the author just sweeps the clone issues aside simply
       | commenting they're not a problem without going into detail.
       | 
       | Ultimately if your revenue depends upon you selling the hardware
       | you open source it will be very hard going as other companies can
       | easily churn out high quality (or indeed less high quality but
       | super cheap) versions without paying any of the significant
       | development cost and hence undercut you by a wide margin.
       | 
       | Indeed referring to these other versions as 'clones' seems to
       | miss the point of open source hardware, isn't the entire point
       | making the design open so others can build and iterate upon it
       | for whatever uses they wish (including commercial exploitation).
        
         | AugustoCAS wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | kiba wrote:
         | These kind of companies are often bottom feeder and often does
         | the lowest quality they can get away with, and consequently
         | with the lowest profit margin.
         | 
         | It makes them fragile, and likely also a frustrating experience
         | to deal with, since you wouldn't get support.
        
           | tpmoney wrote:
           | None of that really matters to a company like Prusa who has
           | to pay salaries now, not in the future when these failed
           | devices break and the customer is done being strung along for
           | months.
           | 
           | The advice to investors applies here as well, "the market can
           | remain irrational longer than you can remain solvent"
        
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