[HN Gopher] Critical theory is radicalizing high school debate
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Critical theory is radicalizing high school debate
        
       Author : taeric
       Score  : 111 points
       Date   : 2023-07-29 14:18 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.slowboring.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.slowboring.com)
        
       | throwawayqqq11 wrote:
       | Did i read it correctly? The main problem is the lack of good
       | responses?
       | 
       | The debate landscape wouldn't change with good rebuttals.
        
       | api wrote:
       | It reminds me a bit of when a new class of exploit is discovered,
       | like in the early Internet when buffer overflows became popular.
       | You have a period where the exploit gets abused widely until
       | countermeasures are developed and deployed.
       | 
       | In this case it seems to be out of context use of cultural
       | critique as a way to throw off the opponent and change the
       | subject. If the debate were actually about these topics that
       | would be another story.
       | 
       | This one must be more popular in academic settings. Online the
       | most popular exploit I see is the "Gish gallop."
       | 
       | I only regard debate as having much value when both sides are
       | debating in good faith. Use of thought stopping tactics reduces
       | the whole thing to a mere sophistry contest with no value beyond
       | testing how powerful the LLM is between each debater's ears.
        
       | dgs_sgd wrote:
       | To question the premises of the debate topic rather than support
       | a side seems like a huge cop-out. You don't have to do your
       | research to support evidence based arguments and your opponent
       | who may have done their research to support their arguments now
       | has to argue against a completely different position for which
       | their evidence is useless.
       | 
       | What is going to happen when these people wield actual power in
       | politics and public policy and the conclusion policy debates is
       | "society is rotten to the core" (example Kritik from the
       | article).
        
         | dundarious wrote:
         | There is an argument that "debate" in the manner performed by
         | these clubs primarily trains people to think _only_ in the
         | ideological terms /framing given to them by their "betters".
         | "Debate" in this sense is intellectually impoverished. Call it
         | "rhetorics" if that's all you want -- it's useful, but it is
         | more akin to Toastmasters than politics or political debate.
         | 
         | If there is to be any actual political thinking involved, then
         | some challenge to the given framing must be allowed, or the
         | framing must be capaciously defined. But it will still be
         | mostly a lesson in rhetoric.
        
         | cratermoon wrote:
         | > To question the premises of the debate rather than support a
         | side seems like a huge cop-out
         | 
         | No, in fact it is the beginning of wisdom. Contrary to your
         | assertion that you don't have to do research, the ability to
         | question the premises begins with understanding not only your
         | argument but many other arguments as well.
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | In my experience, it was a cop-out. In my day, it was usually
           | centered on some grammatical error that turned into a game of
           | semantics.
           | 
           | The whole point is to catch your opponent off guard and
           | reframe the topic into an arena they hadn't prepared for.
           | Debate rounds don't really allow time for thoughtful
           | contemplation; you typically have at most a minute of prep
           | time between speeches within the round.
        
             | cratermoon wrote:
             | Well, nobody ever accused high school debate teams as being
             | founts of wisdom.
        
           | oofta-boofta wrote:
           | [dead]
        
         | woah wrote:
         | They aren't going to wield power because "talk fast and derail
         | the entire conversation with unrelated arguments that appeal to
         | far-left college students" isn't going to convince any normal
         | people of anything and is not a useful rhetorical technique.
         | The most this style of debate might do is to cause left wing
         | political cause to shoot themselves in the foot.
        
       | dgb23 wrote:
       | This article reads like satire.
       | 
       | The prerogative of the young is to question the status quo in
       | fundamental ways.
       | 
       | They aren't yet restricted by responsibility and dependents. They
       | haven't become numb yet. Let them be sharp and radical.
       | 
       | Does the author prefer control and indoctrination?
       | 
       | Positive cultural change can't happen if we force the young and
       | the free into a box. All of the freedoms we have have been fought
       | against the mainstream and against established power.
       | 
       | We will always need radical and critical ideas to move forward.
       | We need young people to be able to say that our questions and
       | subjects are fundamentally wrong.
        
         | almost_usual wrote:
         | I agree this is really nothing new.
        
         | scarmig wrote:
         | One of the points Yglesias makes is that judges prejudge
         | certain arguments to be wrong. For instance, one judge says
         | 
         | > Before anything else, including being a debate judge, I am a
         | Marxist-Leninist-Maoist... I cannot check the revolutionary
         | proletarian science at the door when I'm judging... I will no
         | longer evaluate and thus never vote for rightest capitalist-
         | imperialist positions/arguments... Examples of arguments of
         | this nature are as follows: fascism good, capitalism good,
         | imperialist war good, neoliberalism good, defenses of US or
         | otherwise bourgeois nationalism, Zionism or normalizing Israel,
         | colonialism good, US white fascist policing good, etc.
         | 
         | At this point, the status quo (at least in debate, but also
         | more broadly) is simply mouthing liberal pieties. Repeating
         | "Black Lives Matter" a thousand times is neither sharp nor
         | radical, and it's funny to see people whose ideas are
         | incredibly conventional think of themselves as a rebel.
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > At this point, the status quo (at least in debate, but also
           | more broadly) is simply mouthing liberal pieties
           | 
           | A single example chosen specifically because it is extreme
           | isn't the status quo, and Maoism isn't (and is opposed to)
           | liberalism.
        
             | scarmig wrote:
             | There's liberalism as a political theory (with all its
             | variations, from classical to Rawlsian), which is admirable
             | and distinct from Maoism. But there's also the "liberalism"
             | that's more accurately described as "the set of cultural,
             | social, and political beliefs broadly held by the college
             | educated, urban, professional class." And professing
             | adherence to Maoism is entirely acceptable in that milieu,
             | in a way that professing adherence to e.g. the Religious
             | Right or Trumpism is not. (The fact that this judge's
             | commitment to Maoism is purely symbolic verbal signaling
             | and not linked to any actual activism is besides the
             | point.)
             | 
             | Imagine a judge said he was a committed fascist who would
             | judge students on that basis, regardless of the quality of
             | their arguments. Would that be considered acceptable in the
             | same way the Maoist judge is? Just last night I had dinner
             | with a friend who was telling me about a family member's
             | encounter with Maoist justice: he was murdered by being
             | thrown down a well during the Cultural Revolution.
             | 
             | Or, take the other angle. Suppose you had a staffer on Fox
             | News who spent his off hours writing racist screeds on
             | white supremacist forums (this has actually happened IIRC).
             | Would you take it as a single extreme example that's not
             | worth thinking about, or would you take it as indicative of
             | some deeply troubling aspects of the modern Right?
        
               | panarky wrote:
               | Then there's liberalism as a political tradition that
               | advocates free markets, laissez-faire economics, civil
               | liberties under the rule of law, and individual autonomy,
               | limited government, economic freedom, political freedom,
               | and freedom of speech.
               | 
               | In liberal democracy, an elected government cannot
               | discriminate against specific individuals or groups when
               | it administers justice, protects basic rights such as
               | freedom of assembly and speech, provides for collective
               | security, or distributes economic and social benefits.
        
             | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
             | > A single example chosen specifically because it is
             | extreme isn't the status quo,
             | 
             | This seems to be the lesson we're slow at learning.
             | 
             | A steady diet of extreme examples tends to shift one's
             | perspective toward a bad position. The position is bad
             | because it struggles to discern reality well - because bad
             | inputs keep skewing the math.
        
           | cdtwigg wrote:
           | FYI this post was actually written by Maya the intern (Matt
           | only writes the weekday posts).
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | > _> [...] I cannot check the revolutionary proletarian
           | science at the door when I'm judging... I will no longer
           | evaluate and thus never vote for rightest capitalist-
           | imperialist positions /arguments_ [...]
           | 
           | Then why would you waste everyone's time, including yours, in
           | being a judge? It's like being a figuring skating judge and
           | saying " _I hate the cold and so think this sport done in a
           | cold environ is dumb so will give everyone a zero._ "
        
             | morelisp wrote:
             | Well, no, most debate topics are not "is political take X
             | good?" Policy questions could be affirmed by leftist
             | positions and argued against from other leftist positions.
             | I think the judge's stance is boring, but everyone seems to
             | be missing that _high school policy debate is not meant to
             | make an actual policy decision._ It 's meant to teach
             | students how to argue within a frame - which is how lots of
             | arguments necessarily happen! You just don't like this
             | judge's particular frame.
        
         | morelisp wrote:
         | This is the classic problem of education having to balance
         | expression and practice. Bringing a gun to a swordfight is
         | effective but if you're in a kendo class it's not especially
         | helpful. Such is the effect of kritik within policy debate.
         | People should learn kritik, I even agree with much of it, but
         | you also want to learn how to argue actual topics. And
         | especially as someone who often agrees with kritik, I would
         | rather the kids exercise that skill here where it doesn't
         | matter, than in the real world with real impacts.
        
           | dgb23 wrote:
           | Thank you for explaining this perspective. There's for sure a
           | balance here between playful education and actual, invested
           | debate. I was leaning too much on the latter, but the former
           | is just as valuable.
        
             | morelisp wrote:
             | I think your comment was fair; you also want them to learn
             | when to bring a gun! I also wholly agree with you that the
             | article's case as presented is quite weak. I read it hoping
             | to learn some kind of actual radicalization of policy
             | debate was happening, not the same pro-K vs. anti-K retread
             | we had 25 years ago but with artificial woke/anti-woke
             | flavor. The author did not develop the ability to frame
             | their arguments in a clear way so that even those who
             | disagree can engage with the ideas therein. (Which itself
             | is maybe the best argument against my defense of policy
             | debate; well, that's also why I left it my senior year in
             | favor of other events...)
        
       | RajT88 wrote:
       | This seems much better than the last article I read about trends
       | in high school debate, which basically was talking over the other
       | person and using the gish-gallop maneuver:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gish_gallop
        
         | dadadad100 wrote:
         | Thanks for this. I didn't know there was a name for this
         | technique. If you listened to RFK jr on Lex recently you heard
         | many many examples. And also Trump. I've only heard it
         | described as "flood the zone with shit", which is a reference
         | to a football (American) tactic
        
         | tekla wrote:
         | A big point in debate is learning how to deal with gish-gallop.
         | That shit only works if you don't know how to deal with it.
        
           | AYBABTME wrote:
           | How do you deal with it?
        
             | morelisp wrote:
             | A gish gallop is an asymmetric attack. They can produce
             | nonsense faster than, say, a physicist can produce physics
             | or a mathematician proofs; and usually have nothing else to
             | do with their time. But in a policy debate framework both
             | sides have equal time, neither is doing original research
             | and both are expected to cite qualified evidence, the judge
             | understands the structural flow of the arguments, and you
             | can say "this is nonsense" faster than they can "explain"
             | the point.
             | 
             | Or as Wikipedia even says: _Generally, it is more difficult
             | to use the Gish gallop in a structured debate than a free-
             | form one._
        
             | zbentley wrote:
             | Careful note taking, keeping your head and identifying
             | contingent and similar arguments such that you don't have
             | to spend tons of time on each counterpoint, prioritizing
             | offensive ("your claim X actually supports my side, not
             | yours, because Y", aka. turns) rebuttals over defensive
             | ones, and not spending undue time on weaker claims that the
             | judge is likely to doubt as well.
             | 
             | There's a lot more you can do, but those are some pretty
             | uncontentious strategies.
             | 
             | Source: debated for 8 years in school.
        
         | morelisp wrote:
         | I can see why speed debate can seem like a gish gallop, but
         | it's not. And the way policy is structured it's definitely not
         | talking over anyone (except I suppose in some of the absolutely
         | radical Ks that attempt to destroy the policy format, and even
         | K-friendly judges hate those).
        
           | RajT88 wrote:
           | Trying to find the article now. I am pretty sure that they
           | were not misunderstanding the dynamics of speed debate, and
           | kids were actually using the gish gallop.
        
       | yieldcrv wrote:
       | I think this is a useful form of thinking, while exhausting for
       | actually attending a debate competition.
       | 
       | Much of the world doesn't operate in affirmation and negations.
       | 
       | And even most of American's political divisions only masquerade
       | as opposites, but if you listen - which neither 'side' does -
       | you'll see they aren't opposites except in result. While other
       | results are possible that do possibly bridge consensus.
        
       | guerrilla wrote:
       | I can't stand the actual examples here (which reek of low quality
       | Continental philosophy and dogmatic nonsense) but rejecting and
       | questioning premises is definitely something I support,
       | especially for young people.
        
       | binary132 wrote:
       | this is bait.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | It does contain ideological flamebait but the details around
         | high school debating are interesting and uncorrelated with any
         | common topic here. That makes it a good candidate for an HN
         | thread. As many commenters have been adding their own
         | interesting experience with high school debates, I think HN is
         | 'winning' this one so far (i.e. there are more thoughtful
         | comments than flamewars).
        
       | onychomys wrote:
       | My partner and I went 36-4 in our senior year* in policy debate
       | because we continually argued that the federal government was
       | inefficient and corrupt and we should instead just give block
       | grants to the states. In the mid 1990s in Montana, that was a
       | nearly unbeatable strategy. It's always been about finding the
       | one argument that the judge will be unable to ignore instead of
       | about the actual evidence you have for all the rest of it.
       | 
       | *we lost the state championship to a team from Hardin, MT,
       | population about 4000 and guess where the state championship was
       | held that year?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | tekla wrote:
       | These alt debates were well around 20 years ago. It was
       | incredibly rare that they succeeded because:
       | 
       | a) most judges didn't really like it when the debate becomes some
       | weird meta thing.
       | 
       | b) most teams that ran this were NOT good at debate.
       | 
       | What seems new is Judges completely throwing out the substance of
       | the debate and relying on their own political views for the
       | round.
        
         | morelisp wrote:
         | > b) most teams that ran this were NOT good at debate.
         | 
         | Yep. Everyone on my team who ran Ks, especially neg, were the
         | people too lazy to do actual research against multiple plans.
        
         | kurthr wrote:
         | If, by political views, you mean boredom with a well worn
         | artificial meta argument that makes a farce of whatever rules
         | do exist in debate. It was funny/interesting once.
        
         | projektfu wrote:
         | Now that you say that, it reminds me that there was a term for
         | it at least 25 years ago. Something like "dark policy"...
        
       | klooney wrote:
       | This was ubiquitous back when I was doing debate, around 20 years
       | ago. The ship sailed long ago.
        
         | AtlasBarfed wrote:
         | I never debated, but it was explained to me that a key aspect
         | was talking as fast as you can to introduce as much
         | argumentation to your point as possible (newspaper scoring,
         | kind of).
         | 
         | "I guess misdirection from deconstructionistism would be an
         | entertaining alternate tactic. Yes you have introduced 122
         | points in your favor, but alas the very foundation of your
         | arguments is undermined by my simple deconstruction."
         | 
         | The world/life is insane. It is far too large to understand,
         | and even if you did, so unpredictable to be predicted anyway.
         | Thus logical argumentation is subject to nihilistic
         | nullification by a sufficiently skilled / pedantic debater?
        
         | imbnwa wrote:
         | In the 00s alone, I can remember: Fort Hays State winning CEDA
         | Nationals on engaging indigenous rather than Western thought;
         | New York University winning CEDA Nationals on Zizek's 'letter
         | of the law' paradox as a warrant to trying George W Bush at the
         | International Criminal Court for war crimes; Kentucky-
         | Louisville winning CEDA Nationals on the racial and class bias
         | of policy debate. I can't recall if a Kritik ever won the NDT,
         | but much like the TOC, the judging pool is much more a closed
         | loop of the inside circle the competition.
        
         | syndicatedjelly wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | cushychicken wrote:
         | Same. The kritik and topicality argument forms were everywhere,
         | and typically pretty fucking boring.
         | 
         | It was rare that any negative team would take the time to
         | present counterarguments to any discrete part of the
         | affirmative plan.
         | 
         | These, plus the shotgun, rapidfire delivery style, dominated
         | policy debate, and made it pretty un-fun to participate in.
         | 
         | I ended up switching to extemporaneous speaking and enjoying it
         | a lot more.
        
       | livinginfear wrote:
       | I remember seeing this video a while ago:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmO-ziHU_D8 Is this actually
       | indicative of the kind of structured debate that happens in
       | colleges?
        
       | jasonhansel wrote:
       | > I've almost exclusively read variations of Marxism-Leninism-
       | Maoism
       | 
       | Yikes.
        
       | syndicatedjelly wrote:
       | This has been going on for a long time. Im 15 years removed and
       | made a hard U turn back to STEM after high school, but nihilism
       | never left me. I blame some of it on debate, and some of it on
       | doing salvia (with people from debate)
        
       | ivraatiems wrote:
       | This article smacks of a classic bad-debater behavior: "I can't
       | win rhetorically on the power of my own argument so I'll attack
       | the people and techniques that are beating me instead of
       | addressing them substantively."
       | 
       | The correct response to "the whole world is broken and we can't
       | debate X because it's stoppered by Y" is "the world is not broken
       | (enough) to not debate X because there are practical things we
       | can do about X."
       | 
       | If that's a unpersuasive argument, well, then it's unpersuasive
       | and you ought to ask yourself why. It's always possible the
       | judges are biased in favor of one argument or another, but that's
       | how the game has always worked.
       | 
       | There are lots of arguments against critical theory that have
       | merit and are useful in debate. "Boo hoo I don't like critical
       | theory" isn't one of them.
        
         | ink_13 wrote:
         | Formalized debating like this bears about as much resemblance
         | to persuasion as fencing does to actual sword fighting. That
         | is, the broad strokes are similar but ultimately it's highly
         | stylized and not actually the other thing.
        
       | rutierut wrote:
       | The whole debate format has been broken forever. Improving
       | people's ability to competitively argue for things they don't
       | believe in seems a hilariously bad idea.
       | 
       | This stage seems like a marginal improvement, with the biggest
       | con being that it's more anti-rationalist. Rationalism isn't a
       | panacea, but one needs to master it in order to effectively argue
       | post-modern critical theories.
       | 
       | Competitive debate has always sucked and apparently still sucks.
        
         | tekla wrote:
         | > Improving people's ability to competitively argue for things
         | they don't believe in seems a hilariously bad idea.
         | 
         | If you can't argue in the affirmative of the other side, you
         | probably don't actually understand the topic to being with, and
         | are probably not very good at critical thinking.
        
           | rutierut wrote:
           | I completely agree with this. If you're arguing against
           | trickle-down economics you should know where people arguing
           | for it are coming from and be able to phrase it in a manner
           | that its proponents agree with.
           | 
           | This also happens to be one of the most (holistically)
           | effective techniques irl when "debating" with someone.
        
         | tsuujin wrote:
         | > Improving people's ability to competitively argue for things
         | they don't believe in seems a hilariously bad idea.
         | 
         | I disagree with this so very much.
         | 
         | High school debate was foundational for my adult ability to
         | recognize that nuance exists. Arguing a position that you don't
         | personally believe in, and winning, is a massively useful tool
         | in understanding that for the majority of topics there are
         | reasonable, intelligent, and acceptable arguments for both
         | sides.
         | 
         | This is a trait seeming missing from most other adults I
         | interact with. Too many people accept blindly that there is a
         | correct and incorrect position and no room in between.
        
         | rahimnathwani wrote:
         | "Improving people's ability to competitively argue for things
         | they don't believe in seems a hilariously bad idea."
         | 
         | Why? One consequence might be to improve your ability to
         | steelman an argument with which you disagree.
        
           | rutierut wrote:
           | Fair point that is useful, but the majority of people never
           | steelman anything, a significant amount of people will even
           | refuse to steelman anything on moral grounds. Strawmanning on
           | the other hand...
        
           | goodpoint wrote:
           | Pushing for competition instead of rational thinking is bad.
           | Learning steelmanning is just one minor benefit.
        
       | ryuhhnn wrote:
       | Is critical theory a rhetorical dead-end if you want to seriously
       | debate something? Sure, but framing a debate and constricting it
       | to a dichotomy is no less radicalising than a critical theory
       | argument. I think people dislike critical theory so much because
       | they know that it shifts focus to the structures everyone knows
       | control society but nobody wants to acknowledge. Sure, it's lazy
       | to blindly advocate for revolution for the sake of revolution,
       | but it's also lazy to reject a line of philosophical inquiry just
       | because you don't like how it was presented. What should high
       | school debate even be for? Should we restrict it to rhetorical
       | sandboxes, or should we allow it to be a forum where ideas can be
       | put forth and debated?
        
         | taeric wrote:
         | I think the point is some view debate as a way to force folks
         | to consider views they might not fully agree with. The search
         | for common ground was the lesson.
         | 
         | As this story is presented, a lot of these feel like non-
         | sequiturs. Not wrong, and not not worth discussing, but not in
         | the spirit of the debate.
        
       | agg23 wrote:
       | My high school Policy league (2010+) did not allow kritiks
       | essentially at all. It was an extremely rare occurrence to run a
       | negative plan (I'm not sure I ever saw it myself). An aff kritik
       | would absolutely not have been tolerated as we would ding them
       | significantly on Topicality (sticking to the required
       | resolution), which is voted on halfway through the round (so if
       | aff loses, the round is over). I was one of the most resolution
       | bending debators, with most of my aff plans going outside the
       | bounds of what everyone else thought of for that topic.
       | 
       | I think my league was very abnormal however as we had a lot of
       | layman, parent judges that we had to teach rules to (and
       | sometimes the teams had conflicting interpretations), and we
       | didn't allow more abusive techniques such as speed and spread (a
       | common technique in Policy or Parli to present arguments as
       | quickly as possible to prevent the opposite team from being able
       | to address all of them, resulting in a de facto win). We would
       | never have allowed someone to judge with a bio of "I will no
       | longer evaluate and thus never vote for ... fascism good,
       | capitalism good, imperialist war good, neoliberalism good,
       | defenses of US or otherwise bourgeois nationalism", and it's
       | insane to me that this was allowed at a top end tournament. There
       | were certainly judges that brought their own priors (and we tried
       | to keep track of them to help the rest of our club out), but they
       | generally didn't announce it in such a damaging way.
        
       | proxiful-wash wrote:
       | Shameless reminder that this it Russian Chinese State that wants
       | every part of this argument in our society to do one thing.
       | Absolutely annihilate this west, this has been their plan for
       | well over twenty years:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics
        
       | projektfu wrote:
       | I debated in the Lincoln-Douglas format (policy wasn't big in my
       | area) and would sometimes try arguments from deconstructionist
       | points of view. The judges never really understood them and
       | without their understanding, the arguments couldn't remain
       | strong. In L-D having better analogies often was a stronger
       | method than being clever.
       | 
       | I suppose that's something that was different in policy debate,
       | where as I understand it, nonsense can be debated so long as the
       | other side responds to it? Also, which approach leads to nuclear
       | war? Calling the frame of the debate legitimate or illegitimate?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | popilewiz wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | RugnirViking wrote:
       | Thats always been the problem with competetive debate - you're
       | supposed to argue a position that often has significant culutural
       | weight, meaning its unlikely anything you say will change anyones
       | mind. I was once asked to debate a pro slavery stance in debate
       | class despite obviously everyone being against it. I felt our
       | team did pretty well and the other team did barely anything and
       | yet everyone voted for the other side. Often the only way to
       | succeed is by reframing the stupid position you are supposed to
       | argue for entirely, which appears to be what this is talking
       | about.
        
         | AndrewKemendo wrote:
         | Genuinely, in non academic competition often the best way to
         | "beat" an opponent is to change the rules
         | 
         | Examples of this that are well understood are regulatory
         | capture, where group A convinces a more powerful group B to
         | enforce a new constraint on all competitors to group A.
         | Generally the constraint is a marginal impediment to group A
         | and so "levels the playing field" *wink*
         | 
         | So the idea that there's some pure form of rhetoric that is
         | actually worth practicing, given that human conflict (from the
         | minor to the major) is rarely to never solved via this
         | mechanism (even in formal legal proceedings) - it's not clear
         | what is actually being learned here
         | 
         | Other than later in life realizing how formal debate has almost
         | no application and it's all about how you refine and evaluate
         | your own arguments.
        
         | mbg721 wrote:
         | Opponents of abortion would argue that the same "this isn't
         | really a human" tactics that the Nazis used are still alive; if
         | everyone is comfortable, it sounds like there's a lot of "at
         | least we're not the baddies" going on.
        
         | mikepurvis wrote:
         | You see that even on sites like this one (or reddit), where the
         | etiquette page beseeches everyone to vote for comments that are
         | useful, insightful, or well-argued, rather than just what they
         | agree with (especially _already_ agree with).
         | 
         | But it never really seems to play out that way; it's always
         | pretty easy to farm karma by restating a popular opinion,
         | cracking a joke, or dunking on the target de jour.
        
           | Pannoniae wrote:
           | This website isn't even that bad compared to literally almost
           | anywhere on the internet. From what I've observed with my
           | comments, my "popular opinion" and "unpopular opinion"
           | comments aren't _that_ far apart in terms of comment karma.
           | 
           | One-liner trivialisms and cheap baiting usually gets flagged
           | here, not upvoted regardless of the topic, which is a very
           | positive thing. I am very grateful to the site's admins and
           | users for this lovely place, it's truly a unique thing.
        
           | rahimnathwani wrote:
           | it's always pretty easy to farm karma by restating a popular
           | opinion, cracking a joke, or dunking on the target de jour
           | 
           | Interestingly, my most upvoted recent comment was one stating
           | a position that was opposed to ~all of the existing comments
           | on a thread.
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | that could mean they were taking advantage of upvote
             | anonymity, and agreeing without having to put their name to
             | it.
        
               | rahimnathwani wrote:
               | Perhaps! But in this case it wasn't an opinion that could
               | cause embarrassment or cancellation.
        
           | threatofrain wrote:
           | If something is an interesting debate then most people don't
           | have the expertise to engage meaningfully with the facts and
           | arguments being put forward. Experts can bullshit you all day
           | and no amount of critical thinking is going to pull you out
           | of a deep well of ignorance.
        
         | gloryjulio wrote:
         | So called competitive debate is really just a joke about who
         | talk faster. There is no positive feedback loops where either
         | side should take a moment to think and gives feedback.
         | Sometimes agree to disagree is the best option. You learn
         | nothing from this.
         | 
         | It's basically twitter debate before twitter exists where ppl
         | talking over each other
        
         | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
         | > Often the only way to succeed is by reframing the stupid
         | position you are supposed to argue for entirely, which appears
         | to be what this is talking about.
         | 
         | Winning seems like a low-value goal here. Classroom simulations
         | exist so students can be exposed to the reality of consequences
         | and outcomes.
         | 
         | I feel better goals here would be how to immerse yourself in an
         | unfamiliar/unwanted position and how to understand the dynamics
         | of a scenario with competing, entrenched positions.
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | The one time I've been to a debate they asked everyone's
         | opinion on the topic before and after the debate, and then the
         | winners were the ones who persuaded the most people to change
         | their minds. So you can still win even if you're arguing for an
         | unpopular opinion.
         | 
         | It was such an elegant metric I assumed all competitive debates
         | used it. From this article it sounds like they just have judges
         | that vote for the winner though? Crazy.
        
           | rqtwteye wrote:
           | Intelligence Squared does this but I think most debates suck
           | anyways.
        
           | CrazyPyroLinux wrote:
           | I think this is called an "Oxford style" debate.
           | 
           | thesohoforum.org puts on a lot of good ones.
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | The problem with this type of theory is that you have to accept
       | that _everything_ is x-ist first, and then the speaker iterates
       | on logic that seems internally consistent, _after_ you have
       | accepted that the axioms (and conclusions) of their system of
       | reasoning are true. The problem is that since the axioms and
       | conclusions are negatively defined, any statement within it can
       | seem internally consistent, so it doesn 't matter they just run
       | down the clock and rope in the credulous.
       | 
       | The legitimacy of these critical theories seems to rest on
       | Kripke's invention of so-called "modal logics," which I
       | understand were initially presented as a progressive reaction in
       | philosophy departments to the positive logics derived from maths.
       | The criteria for logic is that it "adds up," or more accurately,
       | our rules about logic and consistency (from Godel, Russell, and
       | others) were only deemed to represent reality if the logical
       | system could represent arithmetic. Kripke seemed to propose that
       | if you revisit and start with logics that cannot represent
       | arithmetic, you still get consistent logical forms, which are
       | sufficient for expressing a much larger range of phenomena.
       | Because sure, if you produce nonsense, nonsense can represent
       | anything. It's the definition of magical thinking, but within a
       | couple of decades, it was being presented as the "formal" logical
       | underpinnings for a variety of essentially marxist ideologies of
       | different intersectional flavours, where they produce the same
       | circular bullshit with only a few words changed, and with the
       | same object in mind: dissolution of meaning and the destruction
       | (neutralization) of discourse as a means to create chaos and to
       | seize power.
       | 
       | It is a rhetorical system for protagonizing antagonists. We can
       | sythesize these ideologies pretty trivially and inject them into
       | naive minds that turn them into either activists, or neutralize
       | any resistance to them because they're just baffling gibberish
       | with the threat of political consequences. Nobody wants to admit
       | they have been fooled or taken, and its easier to attack the
       | people who point it out than to admit that you have been bullied
       | and hustled by highly trained pros.
       | 
       | High school teachers judging middle school debate clubs aren't
       | equipped to handle this, but theory is teaching kids to rhyme out
       | ideologies that are entertaining, and even charismatic, but
       | they're nothing but the same old tropes of the 20th century and
       | its grisly consequences.
        
         | User23 wrote:
         | To me it sounds like you're just describing enthymemes[1]. You
         | don't need modal logic for that, just plain old Aristotelian
         | rhetoric. And rhetorically you can fly a whole lot of
         | ridiculous premise under the radar in the unstated leg so it's
         | a powerful technique. It works somewhat similarly to the
         | technique of "assuming the sale."
         | 
         | I don't have much to say about CRT or whatever you want to call
         | that rhetorical program today, but it doesn't take any great
         | analytical ability to suss out the unstated premises. And if
         | you do it becomes pretty clear that the whole enterprise isn't
         | exactly intellectually honest.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthymeme
        
           | motohagiography wrote:
           | Nobody needed modal logic, it was a scam to elevate synthetic
           | ideologies to pass them off as scholarly inquiry. Now we have
           | generations of indoctrinated kids who "problematize," things.
           | Scratching the surface of that at all brings the whole
           | edifice down.
        
           | cratermoon wrote:
           | An enthymeme is like saying "giving everyone free health care
           | would be socialism!", and leaving out the unstated premise
           | that socialism is bad. It's surprising how much garbage can
           | be shoveled into an argument if it's anchored on one premise
           | the audience believes without evidence.
        
       | Guvante wrote:
       | Isn't the entire point of debate to restrict how you can argue in
       | order to provide a similar creative structure to artists using
       | arbitrary rules?
       | 
       | Doesn't allowing adhoc attacks on semi related structures
       | effectively bypass that structure?
       | 
       | Also given the notes in the article it sounds like the judges are
       | too generous with blue sky proposals. "It would be neat if" does
       | not make good policy and shouldn't make good debate.
       | 
       | Policy and by extension debate should focus on changes small
       | enough that the outcome of the change is predictable. "Capitalism
       | is terrible" is easy to show but an off ramp to anything else
       | requires more than an hour of explanation...
        
         | welshwelsh wrote:
         | Yes, but a more important function of debate in school is to
         | expose people to new ideas and to question assumptions.
         | Unfortunately, debates are often structured in a way that
         | forces students to accept some ideas and prevents them from
         | expressing others, which is a problem.
         | 
         | For example, whether you argue to raise or lower the minimum
         | wage, either way you are still implicitly accepting the wage
         | system. By framing the debate in this way, the teachers prevent
         | students who oppose the wage system from having an opportunity
         | to express their views.
         | 
         | Another example - as Noam Chomsky wrote about in "Manufacturing
         | Consent", after the Vietnam War, the New York Times discussed
         | many different theories for why the US didn't "win" the war.
         | But it never considered the obvious - that the war itself was a
         | mistake, and the US was wrong to be there in the first place.
         | Framing the debate in this way is a way of silencing the
         | opposition, by presenting two "sides" that are actually both on
         | the same side and only disagree about trivial details.
         | 
         | If you opposed the Vietnam war, then it would be against your
         | interests to follow the rules of a "debate" about how to win
         | the war. The correct course of action in this scenario is to
         | take the opportunity to argue for what you believe and to
         | undermine the debate itself, even if it results in you "losing"
         | the debate.
        
           | morelisp wrote:
           | > Yes, but a more important function of debate in school is
           | to expose people to new ideas and to question assumptions.
           | 
           | While this is definitely the overall goal of teaching debate,
           | it's not clear to me this is actually how policy debate in
           | school should _operate_ in order to teach that. For one
           | thing, I think other events (congressional is more persuasive
           | and iterative, group discussion more freeform and
           | collaborative, L-D more moralistic) have the potential to do
           | this better. Policy 's structure is really meant to force you
           | to defend an evidence-based position in depth. Basically
           | inherent the format is that at least 50% of the time you
           | won't agree with it.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | JHorse wrote:
       | Good.
       | 
       | This country has been in desperate need of revolutionaries for
       | far too long.
       | 
       | Respecting the structures and rules of polite society let the
       | Climate Change "Debate" feed denialism that's literally burning
       | the world down around these kids right now.
       | 
       | They're going to need to make some radical moves quickly once
       | they get to positions of influence, and it's heartening to know
       | that they're preparing for that.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | prohobo wrote:
       | There was a period where people were claiming that critical
       | theory is being pushed in schools, while school board members
       | refuted the claim as nonsense. Then it became clear that the
       | students aren't being taught critical theory at all, but are
       | being subjected to critical pedagogy - ie. teaching methods
       | influenced by critical theory.
       | 
       | So, the school board was correct!
        
         | morelisp wrote:
         | What? Especially ca. 2005 all the _coaches_ I knew hated Ks.
         | The influence was often from the _judges_ who were not
         | teachers, but former policy debate kids now at university.
        
       | runpommel wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | jsmcgd wrote:
       | Why do the debate organisers tolerate this? If the debate is X
       | versus Y, why allow someone to say we should really be discussing
       | Z? Imagine this in any other competitive arena like sport where
       | during a match some team starts playing another sport entirely.
       | There's nothing wrong with debating critical theory but not if
       | that's not what's being debated. It should be an automatic fail,
       | just as it would be if you're supposed to debating in a certain
       | language and you refuse to do so. This just seems like deliberate
       | sabotage/propaganda masquerading as sincere communication. As
       | much fault lies with the organisers as with those who wish to
       | deliberately pervert the debate.
        
         | kleinsch wrote:
         | The article explains it. Students like these formats bc they
         | fit with their interests and politics, students graduate, the
         | ones that were most active in debate become judges and
         | reinforce that these topics will be rewarded
        
         | aabhay wrote:
         | As a debate student that goes to dozens of tournaments a year,
         | arguing about the same policy topic over and over can get very
         | dry. When I was in high school debate, I found these diverse
         | literatures exciting and stimulating, which made my passion for
         | debate much stronger.
        
           | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
           | > As a debate student that goes to dozens of tournaments a
           | year, arguing about the same policy topic over and over can
           | get very dry.
           | 
           | That brings up a good point. We probably need to
           | differentiate between a student debate as part of a class vs
           | extracurricular debating.
           | 
           | Students participating in a classroom debate only get so many
           | minutes of exposure; each is valuable. Tighter boundaries
           | would seem to be called for there.
        
         | peterlk wrote:
         | This absolutely happens. Running a K (kritik) is a risk because
         | if the judge decides that you're full of shit, they can
         | basically just ignore your case. Your opponent can make an
         | argument to throw the kritik out, and then you're dead in the
         | water
        
       | AYBABTME wrote:
       | As a foreigner with kids growing up in the US, this crazy bias
       | toward critical-everything in the US education system makes me
       | worried that my kids will be indoctrinated in some weird
       | speculative theory instead of educated in normal fields in a
       | focused and rational manner. It leaves me wondering if I
       | shouldn't send them abroad to some school system that has
       | remained sane.
        
         | knewter wrote:
         | Homeschool your kids. No one else cares about them
        
           | mbg721 wrote:
           | In my area of the forgotten flyover country, the options are:
           | 
           | 1) Public school for free for middle-of-the-road (in our
           | district) results, and be at the mercy of school-board
           | politics,
           | 
           | 2) Do Catholic school, and we agree with the religious
           | particulars of the Catholic school near us, but it's
           | expensive and they may be weak in STEM and global social
           | studies,
           | 
           | 3) Join a home-school co-op, and use the flexibility and
           | extra time to get it all right and fill in any gaps.
           | 
           | I don't know what the right answer is, but 3 is looking
           | increasingly good.
        
         | skyechurch wrote:
         | As a public school teacher in the US, I would strongly suggest
         | you look into the real conditions at your public school and
         | weight those observations much more strongly than viral takes
         | in the outrage economy.
         | 
         | (Not to suggest that there is or isn't nonsense going in in
         | your district - really do get involved - think of this a Kritik
         | of the very bad incentives which exist in substack world.)
        
       | drewrv wrote:
       | "Kids are doing something differently from how we used to do it"
       | is always a red flag for me.
       | 
       | The fact that traditional high school debate produced leaders
       | such as Nixon, Pelosi, and Larry Summers is not the ringing
       | endorsement of the process that the author seems to think.
       | 
       | I think this a compelling argument: "minimum wage is an
       | irrelevant debate in a country where basic necessities such as
       | housing, healthcare, and education are increasingly out of reach.
       | Structural reforms are needed, not minor adjustments to
       | regulations that often go ignored."
       | 
       | If people don't think that's compelling, I'd love to hear that
       | argument! But the author's complaint is framed as "kids today are
       | doing it wrong" and it doesn't really counter the points the kids
       | are making.
        
       | aabhay wrote:
       | Interesting to hear that the high school debate world is just
       | like it was when I went to high school 20 years ago.
       | 
       | I became somewhat radical and left wing through my debate
       | experience and then took action on it in college (participated in
       | lots of illegal/anti-cap collective actions at Berkeley) and
       | ultimately found that the entire revolutionary cause and
       | "movement" are intellectually bankrupt. It all certainly sounds
       | and feels very different when you can flit around the
       | intellectual landscape in a debate versus having to settle on a
       | real vindication and make your life out of it.
        
         | erulabs wrote:
         | Had a similar experience - I was exceedingly excited after
         | reading the communist manifesto, some Jorge Luis Borges, and a
         | number of other revolutionary texts as a kid. I searched high
         | and low for people to talk seriously about this with. It wasn't
         | until well into my late twenties I finally realized all the
         | pleasant, satisfying, productive conversations I'd had had been
         | with moderates or what I may have once foolishly called
         | "imperialists".
         | 
         | I do love talking to bright young communists tho. It's
         | amazingly pleasing to introduce an ounce of doubt, or
         | conversely an ounce of appreciation for the world we inhabit.
        
       | bratgpttamer wrote:
       | > When debaters reject the topic and advocate for these critical
       | theories, they choose not to engage in pragmatic policy
       | discussions. Instead, they condemn American institutions and
       | society as rotten to the core. They conclude that reform is
       | hopeless and the only solution is to burn it all down. Even if
       | they're not advocating for kritiks, in order to succeed at the
       | national level, debaters have to learn how to respond critical
       | theory arguments without actually disagreeing with their radical
       | principles.
       | 
       | Debating without actually disagreeing seems like an entirely
       | frivolous and self-gratifying activity.
       | 
       | I dunno what the carbon footprint of a national-level debate is,
       | but maybe they could just see whose TikTok gets the most likes?
        
       | [deleted]
        
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