[HN Gopher] Complexity theory's 50-year journey to the limits of...
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       Complexity theory's 50-year journey to the limits of knowledge
        
       Author : nsoonhui
       Score  : 39 points
       Date   : 2023-08-18 05:07 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.quantamagazine.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.quantamagazine.org)
        
       | PartiallyTyped wrote:
       | Is there a missed connection between entropy and circuit
       | complexity? It looks like one might be able to draw some
       | parallels between the two.
       | 
       | Other thoughts; it's interesting that PvsNP is essentially about
       | the lengths of proofs, and thus it is the task of deciding in
       | poly time whether you can decide all decidable problems whose
       | proofs are polynomial to their encoding.
        
       | PartiallyTyped wrote:
       | This is easily one of the most well written articles published by
       | quanta. Truly a pleasure to read.
        
         | xmonkee wrote:
         | Yeah, a lot of love went into this. Could be made into a book,
         | i would buy.
        
         | guga42k wrote:
         | nitpick: I wonder how TSP became NP complete. It would require
         | to polynomial time algorithm to validate the solution. I doubt
         | such algorithm does exist.
        
       | bumbledraven wrote:
       | > Suppose that P = NP. To prove it, researchers would need to
       | find a fast algorithm for an NP-complete problem, which might be
       | hiding in some obscure corner of that vast landscape.
       | 
       | They wouldn't need to _find_ such an algorithm. They would just
       | need to prove that such an algorithm _exists_.
        
         | wddkcs wrote:
         | Can you really separate the two? For something like NP-
         | completeness, I'm having trouble conceptualizing how a proof
         | for existence would not require demonstration.
        
           | linkgoron wrote:
           | An example for such a proof would be using the probabilistic
           | method. However, even if we are ignoring some artificial
           | problems, there are some "natural" problems that are known to
           | be in P that we do not have algorithms for.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-
           | constructive_algorithm_exi...
           | 
           | Also see:
           | 
           | https://cs.stackexchange.com/questions/92087/are-there-
           | any-p...
        
           | fooker wrote:
           | Yes, proofs don't have to be constructive.
           | 
           | Consider proofs by contradiction, you could potentially show
           | that if such an algorithm does not exist some important true
           | statement would be rendered false.
        
           | viscountchocula wrote:
           | Sure. There is definitely a googolth digit of pi. Computing
           | what the digit is, however, is not necessary to prove that
           | such a digit exists.
        
       | tetrazine wrote:
       | This is an aside. But I twigged on a caption for one of the
       | figures: "Every computational problem takes longer to solve as
       | its input grows larger, but not all problems grow harder at the
       | same rate."
       | 
       | It's obvious from CS201 that this phrase is generally true and I
       | have no pedantic objection to its inclusion in the article.
       | However, I'm curious if this is strictly true or if we can find a
       | (nontrivial) counterexample. Are there any algorithms that run
       | faster as input grows? My first intuition is some kind of
       | probabilistic question solved to a given correctness bound.
       | 
       | Edit: it is trivial to construct an algorithm with this property.
       | My precise question is whether any meaningful problems have
       | optimal algorithms with this property.
        
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       (page generated 2023-08-18 23:00 UTC)