[HN Gopher] Japan's abandoned villages
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       Japan's abandoned villages
        
       Author : benbreen
       Score  : 107 points
       Date   : 2023-08-26 04:45 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.japantimes.co.jp)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.japantimes.co.jp)
        
       | kqr2 wrote:
       | This article kind of reminds me about the opening scene in
       | _Spirited Away_ with the abandoned amusement park.
        
         | nico wrote:
         | I kept reading thinking they were going to mention it... but no
         | 
         | Still very interesting article, the pictures aren't super good,
         | but reading about the way human society evolves is very much so
        
       | ip26 wrote:
       | One such place is described as having been 'about ten houses',
       | which isn't quite what I imagined when they said 'villages'.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | Hamlet?
        
       | cyberax wrote:
       | This is the inevitable result of thoughtless densification.
       | 
       | People _have_ to move into denser cities, because they are the
       | only places with jobs. This in turn results in more and more jobs
       | moving into denser cities.
       | 
       | And people have to live in ever-smaller apartments.
        
         | SECProto wrote:
         | What makes you think it is "thoughtless densification"? To
         | deliver services to a given population, it is easier, faster, &
         | cheaper if they are in more dense metropolitan areas (up to a
         | certain point). Same trend happens in every developed country
         | as the proportion of the labour force required for
         | farming/forestry decreases. Land scarcity in Japan just
         | amplifies the density in urban areas - you cant live outside
         | the city and drive your car in, because you'll end up spending
         | as much on a parking spot as you would on renting a small
         | apartment.
        
         | smadge wrote:
         | Cities are the engines of the modern economy. We can revert to
         | an agrarian society if you please, but not without
         | consequences.
        
           | tomcam wrote:
           | I can't see where GP said anything about reverting to an
           | agrarian society. Was the post edited?
        
       | rgrieselhuber wrote:
       | When I first started traveling in Japan, the dilapidated
       | countryside was very disconcerting to me, almost felt like I'd
       | stumbled into some sort of back room. The more time I spent
       | there, however, the more I came to appreciate the aesthetics of
       | the lonely restaurants, the rusted steel-sided buildings, almost
       | abandoned shrines, etc. Hard to say what exactly is so appealing
       | about it, but it sticks with you.
        
         | andromaton wrote:
         | Could it be the quiet and calmness?
        
           | rgrieselhuber wrote:
           | It reminds me of the forest passage concept described by
           | Ernst Junger.
           | 
           | He was writing about sovereignty within one's own
           | consciousness and I'm not referencing this particular context
           | in this case (although they probably are related) but more
           | generally how "the hinterlands" provide a place away from the
           | beam of focus that a society maintains.
           | 
           | Almost by definition these places feel forgotten but once you
           | get over the unnerving sense of separation and isolation from
           | everything, your imagination seems to recover some of its
           | creativity. That creativity then fills in the gaps visually
           | to create an aesthetically pleasing setting even if it didn't
           | feel that way at first.
        
         | ChatGTP wrote:
         | It's nice to see nature taking things back and making something
         | beautiful again...forest.
         | 
         | In a way an abandoned village is just another type of zen
         | garden...
        
         | resolutebat wrote:
         | There's an amazing (and depressing) blog called Spike Japan
         | that's all about this aesthetic, with a special focus on the
         | Bubble of the 80s and the detritus it left behind:
         | 
         | https://spikejapan.wordpress.com/
        
       | nataz wrote:
       | If you are interested in buying an abandoned home in the Japan
       | countryside highly recommend the YouTube channel Tokyo Llama.
       | He's spent the last four years renovating a beautiful traditional
       | style Japanese house and property about an hour outside of Tokyo.
       | He talks about the renovation aspects, taxes, paperwork process,
       | and the pros and cons of doing this with a family. Lots of videos
       | the watch.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/TwRjO3kHxU4?si=a9rw7FbwpiXEQLjr
        
       | toomuchtodo wrote:
       | For anyone in Japan or with domain knowledge, what are the
       | logistics for acquiring and taking up residence in an abandoned
       | village (assuming you can legally reside in Japan of course)?
       | 
       | EDIT: Thank you all for the replies!
        
         | srvmshr wrote:
         | From an earlier post, copying my answer which seems relevant to
         | your query
         | 
         | > Being a Japanese resident (PR) now, I did look up this option
         | for a summer home in the woods (Akita, Aichi-ken etc). This is
         | what I learnt:
         | 
         | * Akiya houses come with an agreement to reside. Not just be a
         | summer home. Their goal is to repopulate the countryside.
         | 
         | * You have to cultivate any farmland that comes with the deed.
         | You cannot sell it without special permission. There is a whole
         | lot of paperwork to deal with such situations.
         | 
         | * Most old Akiya will have strong regulation not to change the
         | frontage significantly. It isn't permitted. Architecturally
         | these changes have to be consistent with the older house and
         | rest of the community. Building permits are very stringent.
         | (Basically, you can't build a sprawling European villa in a
         | Japanese countryside for e.g., even if land wasn't a concern.)
         | 
         | * Land tax is levied the day from purchase - not from the day
         | of moving in. (This could pinch given that time to renovate can
         | be 1-2 years in remote places, and taxes aren't cheap
         | necessarily)
         | 
         | * Residents have to contribute to local development funds which
         | take care of _Matsuris_ etc. You like it or not, local
         | government will knock on your door with a bill.
         | 
         | * Connectivity is poor. Cell reception outside NTT can be
         | spotty. Internet is even harder.
         | 
         | * Language proficiency is a must. No one speaks English. Not
         | even the local government officials.
         | 
         | * House will need a significant amount of renovation. With the
         | stringent restrictions - anywhere between 100 & 200 grand
         | (depending on the disrepair)
        
           | crooked-v wrote:
           | That seems like a very "wanting to have your cake and eat it
           | too" setup on the part of the local municipalities. 'No
           | summer homes' seems like an easy way for many of them to get
           | no people at all, especially since the country as a whole has
           | very good housing policy and so doesn't have the same kind of
           | home affordability crisis as the US.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | Vacation homes might bring occasional injection of cash,
             | but they do not really support local community and local
             | services for most of the year. So it is understandable that
             | unless community is build on that type of industry they do
             | not want it and instead focus on those that bring more
             | revenue.
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | I mean, you pay property tax whether you live there or
               | not. I don't know how this works in other states or other
               | countries, but at least in New York a primary residence
               | has tax _advantages_.
               | 
               | That said, I'm not sure what you do with a rich
               | municipality that has no residents. You probably want the
               | corner store to be open when you go out there for the
               | winter for some reason, and with no customers, that's not
               | an economic reality.
        
               | polski-g wrote:
               | "Paying property tax" does not fund the local business
               | revenue needs.
        
             | gloryjulio wrote:
             | Not really. Their goal is for the local community first and
             | foremost. You know what you are getting into if you trying
             | to buy this kind property.
        
               | crooked-v wrote:
               | My point is that for a lot of these places, unless they
               | can figure out some way to be more appealing, there will
               | be no local community before all that long.
        
               | ska wrote:
               | This may be true, but doesn't mean that all other options
               | are better in the view of the community. They may prefer
               | to roll the whole thing up compared to some models.
        
               | gloryjulio wrote:
               | Japan is in population decline and people are moving to
               | the city. There is no reversal of this trend. Compromise
               | would not solve the problem anyway.
               | 
               | Making sure the the current crops of the residents are
               | part of the local community is a good goal. They are not
               | gonna win, might as well preserve what they have
               | temporarily.
        
             | Unfrozen0688 wrote:
             | No? Its their land? YOU just want an ez cheap house.
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | It looks like their order of preferences is:
             | 
             | Repopulate by old standards > take the L > become vacation
             | community
             | 
             | I don't think it's "wanting to have your cake and eat it
             | too" so much as it being the same as sometimes I want
             | something done but not if it costs too much. In that case,
             | having it not done is better than paying too much for it.
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | Welp, those are empty houses for a reason.
             | 
             | Home affordability is stil an issue, people working in the
             | metro area while being homeless is a thing, but they still
             | probably end up better than being jobless in the emptying
             | and infra less countryside.
        
           | caesil wrote:
           | >* Most old Akiya will have strong regulation not to change
           | the frontage. It isn't permitted. Architecturally these have
           | to be consistent. Building permits are very stringent.
           | 
           | Interesting how at odds this is with land use rules in Tokyo.
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | I think it's mostly due to these specific localities.
             | 
             | Countryside with no specific preservation rules and more
             | favorable arrangements are plenty. They will have better
             | chance to see new people moving in, or have better land
             | reuse policies, leaving few empty homes in the first place.
        
         | tomohelix wrote:
         | Buying one isn't hard. They are quite cheap. A completely
         | broken house like the ones in the OP is probably begging to be
         | sold. A 2k+ sqft livable house in the suburb of Tokyo is about
         | $300k.
         | 
         | https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/17/realestate/japan-empty-ho...
         | https://archive.is/BDCnm
         | 
         | But these are traditional Japanese houses so quite a lot of
         | renovation is needed to bring it up to a Westerner's standards.
         | Still, all in all, if you are fine with living in a backwater
         | village with barely any modern conveniences then 200-300k for a
         | big house is not too bad.
         | 
         | Assuming you can speak Japanese and don't mind the
         | xenophobia...
        
           | Macha wrote:
           | So a 2k sqft house here, in my European country, would be
           | considered quite a large one, and my understanding is
           | Japanese standards for housing sizes trend even smaller than
           | here. I realise it's commonplace in parts of the USA, but
           | you're likely paying a premium for getting a house that the
           | market considers "oversized". Wikipedia seems to indicate
           | that 1000 sqft is the average in Tokyo.
        
             | resolutebat wrote:
             | Tokyo is extremely dense and land is very expensive. The
             | mountainous rural backblocks that contain these abandoned
             | properties is not, and land is essentially worthless or
             | negative value: it has no productive use, but you still
             | need to pay taxes.
             | 
             | This is in fact a big reason why Japan has a big problem
             | with abandoned rural property: there is no incentive for
             | next of kin to sort out the inheritance paperwork, and then
             | it's left in limbo.
        
               | Prickle wrote:
               | Especially due to inheritance tax in Japan being very
               | high. It can sometimes be cheaper to abandon
               | inheritances, than actually claim them. Even if you do
               | claim the inheritance, large expensive things like houses
               | tend to be sold because the tax makes it unaffordable.
        
           | exhilaration wrote:
           | FYI for those passing by, that New York Times article above
           | is fantastic, I was about to post it as well.
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | It was discussed a couple months ago:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35606413
        
         | nataz wrote:
         | While there are a fair share disposable/modern style abandoned
         | houses, there are also these incredible traditional style
         | properties.
         | 
         | While I understand some of the underlying reasons, I'm still
         | shocked that they are just allowed to sit there falling apart.
         | Part of me wants to spec out deconstruct/container/ship to the
         | US for for rebuild.
         | 
         | Obviously it's not economically feasible, but some of them are
         | that interesting.
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | I think it really comes to what is common in place and what
           | is not. Like Detroit had plenty of homes. And many of them
           | were left to rot. As they had no value or even negative
           | value.
           | 
           | It is same all around the world in these dying communities.
           | They might be exotic from outside, but there is just too many
           | of them in those places.
        
         | civilitty wrote:
         | You can take a look at AkiyaBanks: https://www.akiyabanks.com/
         | 
         | It's a directory of municipality-specific sites and pages with
         | lots of links to cheap akiyas, subsidy programs, and Google
         | translations of pages for English readers. Many
         | municipalities/prefectures have akiya matching programs where
         | you send them what you want and they help find a house within
         | your budget.
         | 
         | Getting one is really easy since there are millions of empty
         | homes but the logistics of maintaining these houses is a whole
         | other matter. Be prepared to do most of the work yourself
         | because a lot of these akiyas are rarely in areas with plenty
         | of craftsmen and construction workers.
        
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