[HN Gopher] CT scans of coffee-making equipment
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       CT scans of coffee-making equipment
        
       Author : eucalyptuseye
       Score  : 249 points
       Date   : 2023-08-31 18:35 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.scanofthemonth.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.scanofthemonth.com)
        
       | blamazon wrote:
       | I got a kick out of this passage:
       | 
       | > At times, Fourth Wave innovations verge into the realm of
       | obsession, making you wonder how much real difference all of this
       | precision makes to a cup of coffee. At the end (or beginning) of
       | the day, coffee is a ritual. More than mere caffeine delivery,
       | these technologies enable a multi-faceted sensory experience.
       | Exploring the complexity of its flavors and aromas has
       | transformed coffee from an article of consumption into an open-
       | ended object of scientific and aesthetic experimentation.
        
         | notamy wrote:
         | I love that way of thinking about it. I wish I thought about
         | more things as more than just the bland day-to-day they seem to
         | be on the surface.
        
         | fabian2k wrote:
         | There are certainly diminishing returns on many of the aspects
         | coffee enthusiasts care about. But when I started experimenting
         | with an Aeropress and some better coffee I found it interesting
         | that there were many fundamental aspects I could easily taste.
         | Temperature and grind settings can get very obvious quickly.
         | And also the difference between roast levels or some kinds of
         | coffee beans/preparation are not difficult to taste. And I
         | don't trust myself to distinguish any of the more subtle tastes
         | coffee enthusiasts talk about.
         | 
         | But once you e.g get into arguments on whether high-end
         | grinders with conical or flat burrs are better you're far into
         | the diminishing returns that might not survive a blind test.
        
       | tomasGiden wrote:
       | Related, but not as fancily presented, the startup I'm at just
       | scanned a coffee bean in our micro-CT that we developed. It's
       | especially good for low-Z (like carbon and silicon) based samples
       | in contrast to normal X-Rays that see right through it (think
       | x-ray images of a broken arm where the tissue is invisible).
       | 
       | https://exciscope.com/applications/food-and-packaging/
        
       | C-x_C-f wrote:
       | Very cool as always! If I may be pedantic about the lede:
       | 
       | > The history of coffee provides a rich index of global economic
       | and cultural exchange going back thousands of years.
       | 
       | The history of coffee is less than 600 years old.
        
         | culi wrote:
         | If I may be pedantic in return
         | 
         | > The history of coffee is less than 600 years old.
         | 
         | The history of coffee being traded internationally is around
         | 600 years old. Coffee began being "domesticated" (more in the
         | Graeber "play-farming" sense of the word) at least 7k years ago
         | 
         | Likely even longer before that given the dominance of the plant
         | in parts of Ethiopia. Today the few "coffee forests" remaining
         | are protected ecosystems by UNESCO
        
       | gaudat wrote:
       | I thought X-rays do not pass through metal? Like it shows up
       | opaque in clinical images. Suprised that they got a scan of the
       | moka pot. Truly amazing stuff.
        
         | mcpackieh wrote:
         | Metal blocks some x-rays but not all. The more x-rays you have,
         | the more pass through. When doctors are xraying people, they
         | use as little xrays as they need to get a good image of the
         | fleshy bits, so metal objects appear opaque relative to that.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | You can use a much higher dose on inanimate objects than you
         | could on a human patient. (See, for example, airport security's
         | ability to see inside your Macbook...)
        
         | chongli wrote:
         | X-rays are used a lot in non-destructive testing for welding
         | and also in civil engineering to look inside concrete and
         | rebar!
        
         | exabrial wrote:
         | Entire aircraft engines and rocket engines can in fact be
         | x-rayed (google image search awaits you). Granted if you stuck
         | your hand in there it would definitely get cooked. The power
         | levels are much higher.
         | 
         | If you really want to dive down a rabbit hole, look up how they
         | image welds on pipelines... literally inject radioactive gas
         | between two cardboard/clay plugs and tape an xray film on the
         | outside of the weld for an hour or two.
        
       | kwhitefoot wrote:
       | Interesting images and a very well put together page.
       | 
       | But a little off topic, I was struck by this:
       | 
       | > With the powerful 1200 W heating element
       | 
       | A typical European kettle is at least 1800 W, comfortably less
       | than the power deliverable from a 10 A, 230 V circuit. A typical
       | UK kettle would be more like 3000 W, such as this one (it seems
       | that all the kettles on that website are 3 kW):
       | 
       | https://www.argos.co.uk/product/9363195?clickPR=plp:1:72
        
         | cjs_ac wrote:
         | UK plug sockets are rated at 13 A, giving a maximum power
         | rating of 2,990 W. Kettles are consequently amongst the
         | highest-drawing household appliances in the UK.
         | 
         | Back when there were only three television channels, the
         | National Grid planners used to pore over the Radio Times,
         | looking for popular programmes like the Morecambe and Wise
         | Christmas Special (21 to 28 million viewers in 1977), so they
         | could prepare for the demand surge of the entire nation putting
         | the kettle on at the end of the programme.
        
           | quartz wrote:
           | Related HN discussion about UK power demand surges due to
           | millions of kettles being simultaneously turned on during TV
           | breaks: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5018560
        
           | Lapha wrote:
           | >UK plug sockets are rated at 13 A, giving a maximum power
           | rating of 2,990 W.
           | 
           | Nominally, anyway. When the EU standardised mains voltages
           | they mostly did so on paper by fudging the tolerances, UK's
           | 240v +/- 3% became 230v -6/+10%. 28 years later and I still
           | see the mains voltage in the 240-250v range more often than
           | not.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | cjrp wrote:
         | > ...the kettle reaches optimal temperature very quickly -- in
         | under three minutes
         | 
         | That's too long to wait for a brew.
        
           | p1mrx wrote:
           | If you fill to the minimum line (0.5L) instead of the maximum
           | (1.7L), it will boil in under 1 minute.
           | 
           | When buying a kettle, the most important specs are the
           | minimum fill and wattage (ideally 1500W in the US.)
        
           | blamazon wrote:
           | Any amount of time feels like too long to wait for a brew
           | ever since I got one of these:
           | 
           | https://www.zojirushi.com/app/category/water-boilers-warmers
           | 
           | (To answer the question an inquisitive reader may ask: the
           | keep-warm setting of the model I have uses about 25-60 watts
           | average at room temp 73degF/23degC depending on volume and
           | selected water temp) [1, pg5]
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.zojirushi.com/servicesupport/manuals/manual_
           | pdf/...
        
           | exabrial wrote:
           | Reduce the pressure! :)
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | I'm not sure what the point is you're trying to make?
         | 
         | I'm sure you're aware that US sockets are 110-120V. The power
         | required by a European kettle would too often trip someone's
         | circuit breaker in the US, especially if any other equipment
         | were also plugged in (you usually want to stick to max 1500 W
         | on a circuit).
         | 
         | Clearly the "powerful 1200 W" is in the context of equipment
         | designed for American residential sockets -- the page is
         | produced by an American company after all.
         | 
         | (Which is why Americans don't use electric kettles nearly as
         | much as Brits/Europeans, of course.)
        
           | beojan wrote:
           | A heating element is basically just a resistor, right? Which
           | means if you run one on half the design voltage it'll draw
           | half the current it's meant to and produce 1/4 the power.
        
             | dgfitz wrote:
             | Half the voltage = 2x the amperage draw, not half, if I'm
             | not mistaken.
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | tpl wrote:
       | They picked boring things to look at unfortunately. Not a lot
       | going on in Moka pot that you can't grok just by looking at and
       | taking it apart. Throwing a whole all-in-one countertop machine
       | might be cooler.
        
         | hex4def6 wrote:
         | Agree, although it was interesting seeing the porosity in the
         | casting in the new design.
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | And the aluminum shavings inside the chamber...
        
       | felipc wrote:
       | The point about the newer Bialettis being cheaper is absolutely
       | true. My mother has an old (>10 years) Moka that feels heavy and
       | sturdy. A couple of years ago, after accidentally leaving it on
       | the stove for too long, the bottom chamber and the filter basket
       | got a permanent burnt coffee taste, and we bought a new one to
       | replace it. That one was lighter and came with a significant
       | thinner filter basket, which I also attributed to either being
       | counterfeit or just they shipping cheaper versions of the product
       | to Brazil.
       | 
       | Then, a couple of months ago, I was on vacation in Italy and
       | decided to get a brand new one as a gift, directly from an
       | official Bialetti store. To my surprise, the Mokas in the store
       | felt exactly like the lower-quality one we had bought in Brazil.
       | I didn't even buy the gift.
        
         | MarkMarine wrote:
         | You see a similar thing with the glass chemex. There is a
         | healthy market on eBay for pre-1980 models that were hand blown
         | from great quality glass. My wife got me one for a gift and the
         | difference in feel is remarkable. New ones feel fragile, this
         | feels solid and strong. I've broken two of the newer versions
         | and it's dangerous. The old one is still standing strong in my
         | house, surviving trips in my RV, and generally doing it's job.
         | I'm sure I sound like a curmudgeon but they don't make stuff
         | like they used to
        
           | anamexis wrote:
           | They still make high quality ones, you just have to
           | specifically get the "handblown series" (at 2-3x the price of
           | the regular).
           | 
           | e.g. https://www.chemexcoffeemaker.com/eight-cup-handblown-
           | series...
        
         | C-x_C-f wrote:
         | Bialetti has been on its last leg since 2015. They're drowning
         | in debt and (in the best case scenario) are headed toward
         | restructuring soon; in any case their future's not looking
         | bright.
        
           | tdullien wrote:
           | Any insights into what went wrong?
        
             | C-x_C-f wrote:
             | I'm not sure about the details. IMHO a contributing factor
             | is that they're a company historically centered around
             | manufacturing nearly indestructible appliances (even the
             | newer mokas, however flimsier, don't break easily); once
             | the market was saturated with the flagship product, there's
             | only so much profit they could squeeze out of selling
             | accessories and the like.
        
             | johnnyApplePRNG wrote:
             | They started making garbage quality products and their
             | brand recognition plummeted? Look at the mukka express for
             | example. [0]
             | 
             | They did one thing well and succeeded for decades and then
             | tried to expand their business and failed miserably.
             | 
             | I have seen crap quality bialetti everything. They make
             | pots and pans now too.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.amazon.ca/Bialetti-Express-Cow-Print-
             | Stovetop-Ca...
        
       | void-pointer wrote:
       | It drives me crazy how V60 and Chemex are regarded as "modern"
       | when the Chemex is from the 40s and the V60 is a knock-off of the
       | Melitta 102 conical filter system, which was invented in 1936!
        
         | Fricken wrote:
         | 1936, that's the year the Charlie Chaplin film "Modern Times"
         | came out.
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | Isn't that modern in the sense of the modern movement in
         | design, and not modern as contemporary?
        
       | for1nner wrote:
       | > Compared to flat burrs, conical burrs also create a more
       | uniform particle size distribution, reducing the potential for
       | clogs and jams
       | 
       | Well this is just...not true. Porlex musta sold them pretty hard
       | on Conicals.
        
         | exabrial wrote:
         | I've always thought that about conical burrs, but I guess I've
         | never seen anyone actually look at them under a microscope
         | either
        
       | GoofballJones wrote:
       | Just reading the headline I was like "why X-ray them? Couldn't
       | they just take them apart to see what's inside". But clicking on
       | the article made me go "Oh, I get it now. This is damn
       | interesting and very informative."
       | 
       | Well done!
        
       | billsmithaustin wrote:
       | Moka pot rubber gaskets are replaceable.
        
       | murermader wrote:
       | The images on mobile behind the text lead to pretty low contrast
       | between foreground and background, making the text hard to read.
        
       | bragr wrote:
       | This site is probably one of the most clever bits of advertising
       | since the Will It Blend folks at Blendtec
        
         | supportengineer wrote:
         | Another company that made an indestructible product!
        
       | mlsu wrote:
       | This has to be a marketing exercise by the CT machine maker,
       | right?
       | 
       | "We spotted casting issues with the new pot" "We can see the
       | density difference in the plastic" "We found aluminum shavings"
       | 
       | For the right audience, this would definitely sell one of those
       | big fancy CT machines.
       | 
       | Not that I'm complaining -- visuals, presentation, content is all
       | thoroughly interesting, speaking as someone with an Aeropress, a
       | Moka. Pretty awesome piece.
        
         | rx_tx wrote:
         | Correct, it's produced as a cool nerdy promo by a CT scan
         | machine company (https://www.scanofthemonth.com/about)
         | 
         | Every article from them does pretty well on HN, understandably
         | so.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | advisedwang wrote:
         | Yes, in the about us page they say it is "powered by"
         | Lumafield.
        
       | fabian2k wrote:
       | Nice images. It's probably too much effort, but for the grinder
       | it would have been interesting to compare the now rather old
       | Porlex grinder with the much heavier steel burr grinders you'd
       | get recommended today. Those are very noticeably heavier and more
       | massive compared to the Porlex, could be interesting to compare.
        
       | quickthrower2 wrote:
       | Those 4 items are a good coffee setup!
        
         | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
         | Nah, its all toys for lazy impatient kids. Real coffee needs
         | slow and thoughtful preparation in a cezve.
        
           | quickthrower2 wrote:
           | Them is the fighting words considering a moka pot is there!
        
       | trebligdivad wrote:
       | The 'nature' page on there is just lovely; including Romanesco
       | broccoli and pomegranate - just lovely.
        
         | munchler wrote:
         | I liked that page too, but did a double-take when they said
         | that the skin of a pomegranate protects it from "predators".
        
       | bowmessage wrote:
       | Incredible scans!
       | 
       | > Removing used coffee immediately after brewing and storing the
       | AeroPress with the seal pushed all the way through the chamber
       | (as shown) can help minimize wear by reducing compression to
       | extend the gasket's life.
       | 
       | But, that's not what's shown. Pushing the gasket all the way
       | through isn't possible unless the filter head is removed.
        
         | amatecha wrote:
         | Yeah I personally store mine with the filter head on, and the
         | plunger/gasket inner cylinder separate. Also other protip
         | (which may actually be in the instructions), I pour the hot
         | water onto the gasket before pushing it into the AeroPress, so
         | the material expands and will have a tighter seal.
        
         | angst_ridden wrote:
         | Proper storage is just pulling the plunger out entirely.
         | 
         | Every few years, soaking the rubber seal in mineral oil
         | overnight then cleaning will restore flexibility (otherwise it
         | shrinks over time, reducing the quality of the seal).
         | 
         | Unrelated: using paper filters is less eco-responsible than the
         | gold foil filter, but makes for better coffee.
        
           | bowmessage wrote:
           | Why is pulling the plunger out entirely necessary for proper
           | storage? I always just push mine all the way through so the
           | rubber isn't under any tension.
           | 
           | Disagreed on the paper filters, I personally enjoy using a
           | metal filter to ensure the oils from the coffee beans are not
           | filtered out. I suppose it is all subjective.
        
             | joezydeco wrote:
             | When the plunger is at the end of travel and out of
             | tension, the cap won't fit on.
             | 
             | I just tried screwing on my cap and it forces the plunger
             | back into the shaft, compressing it.
        
               | pavon wrote:
               | Yeah, so you just set it down cap up, not screwed in.
               | Takes up less space than keeping the plunger separate,
               | and is just as good on the plunger.
        
             | angst_ridden wrote:
             | That works too. I call it "proper" because it removes one
             | step _before_ I have coffee, which, no matter how trivial,
             | is a big deal for me in the morning.
             | 
             | Interesting about the filter. I prefer super dark roast,
             | Italian espresso-grind coffees. The paper filters give me a
             | much smoother brew. Of course, as you say, taste is
             | entirely subjective! I'm envious, because I'd rather have
             | just one reusable filter rather than go through a stack of
             | paper discs each year.
        
           | semi-extrinsic wrote:
           | I've never maintained or replaced the seal on mine in over
           | ten years, and it still seals just fine. It's made from
           | silicone rubber, which is extreme durability even when
           | continuously exposed to temperatures above boiling or strong
           | acids/bases. As used in the AeroPress where it's just sitting
           | at room temperature indoors for 99% of the time, durability
           | is at least 20 years.
           | 
           | I also use a metal filter, but just for the taste and
           | convenience of not having to buy paper filters.
           | 
           | The eco-responsibility argument against filters I don't get.
           | Unless you drink extreme amounts of coffee, you use
           | significantly more paper in a day just going to the bathroom.
           | I hope people aren't using metal foil for that as well.
           | <insert seashell joke here>
        
             | pavon wrote:
             | My first one had to replaced after about 6 or 7 years. The
             | plunger rubber had gotten worn down, and the internal wall
             | of the brewing compartment had become blistered from hot
             | water (I used 170-185F water). The new one with different
             | materials seems to be holding up better.
        
       | totoglazer wrote:
       | Such a cool idea, and attractive images. However I'm kind of
       | disappointed they mostly picked things that are fairly simple,
       | transparent or openable, and look exactly the way you'd expect
       | them to inside. I assume some combination of cost & size drove
       | this.
       | 
       | A vintage espresso machine with 1 group head would be more novel,
       | for example.
        
         | OJFord wrote:
         | And even that you essentially disassemble them and see how they
         | work through using them. I suppose a lot of people only know or
         | use one or two ways and may be completely unfamiliar with
         | others though.
        
         | amatecha wrote:
         | There are scans of other, more-complex objects on the site,
         | such as the Nintendo Game Boy series:
         | https://www.scanofthemonth.com/scans/game-boy-compendium
        
         | joezydeco wrote:
         | I actually enjoyed this one more, since it was used to point
         | out measured tolerances and problems with manufacturing (voids,
         | bubbles, untrimmed flash, shavings, etc).
        
         | jacobwilliamroy wrote:
         | You just reminded me there's a video on youtube of a guy
         | literally tearing a Juicero apart and it's hilarious:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Cp-BGQfpHQ
        
           | somewhat_drunk wrote:
           | Thank you for posting this. I've seen it a few times already,
           | but I'm watching it again, and it's cracking me up, yet
           | again.
        
           | switchbak wrote:
           | Probably one of AvE's best videos. I was just chatting about
           | the peak Silicon Valley insanity that was Juicero yesterday.
           | 
           | That thing was built like a Bugatti. And he's like "why not
           | use a roller instead of a press??".
        
             | mtreis86 wrote:
             | It really is, he is equally impressed and disgusted with
             | this one, a rare combination. Most impressively built stuff
             | isn't so wasteful. And most useless junk isn't nearly so
             | well made.
        
             | jacobwilliamroy wrote:
             | I think they were trying to turn food into a subscription
             | service? Having complete control over a person's food
             | supply sounds like an 8 million dollar idea. It still
             | sounds like a really bad idea, but I think that is how
             | Juicero was pitched to investors, rather than a spaceship
             | that squeezes bags marginally worse than a person can.
        
             | etrautmann wrote:
             | Even when first announced, it became a meme among friends
             | Juicero (and Ubeam) were peak Silicon Valley.
        
         | kens wrote:
         | Lumafield scanned a 1960s flip flop module for me, to help
         | reverse engineer some vintage NASA hardware. The module
         | contained a bunch of resistors, transistors, capacitors, and
         | diodes, encased in a 13-pin plastic package. These modules had
         | various functions and were used like integrated circuits, but
         | made from discrete components in the pre-IC time. With the
         | Lumafield scans, I could reverse-engineer the circuitry.
         | 
         | My writeup: https://www.righto.com/2022/08/lumafield-flip-
         | flop.html
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | E-61! Second choice, Atomic stovetop espresso machine.
         | 
         | With clinical equipment you can image all sorts of things
         | beautifully, but a hunk of brass won't generate any useful
         | images.
        
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       (page generated 2023-08-31 23:00 UTC)