[HN Gopher] The Uselessness of Phenylephrine (2022)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Uselessness of Phenylephrine (2022)
        
       Author : ctoth
       Score  : 142 points
       Date   : 2023-09-13 17:17 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.science.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.science.org)
        
       | nicole_express wrote:
       | Phenylephrine did its job of convincing people to accept
       | restricting access to pseudoephedrine, since there was a
       | substitute that could still be freely available. Now it'll be
       | taken off the market, but pseudoephedrine that actually works
       | will still be restricted.
       | 
       | At least the homeopathics consumers will buy instead have fewer
       | side effects
        
         | xylophonermore wrote:
         | I, like many others I suspect, bought phenylephrine when
         | Sudafed first disappeared from store shelves. It was 100%
         | ineffective for me from the first dose.
         | 
         | In the meantime, Sudafed has become one of the most difficult
         | to acquire substances for my daily life (I need it every day as
         | directed by my doc). So many times when I go to a pharmacy to
         | get it, they're out of 96-count or 48-count or any count,
         | meaning my one allowed purchase/month nets me less than a
         | month's worth. Or the state's tracking system is down (this
         | happens frequently) and they won't sell me anything. IOW,
         | buying Sudafed is difficult and often infuriating.
         | 
         | Meanwhile, meth problems haven't gone away---in fact meth use
         | is WAY up since these restrictions were put in place in the
         | aughts. Sure, hiding and tracking it got some of the meth
         | production moved south, but it didn't negatively affect meth
         | availability. Supply is plentiful, prices are down, purity is
         | up. Even Oregon, who restricted Sudafed to prescription only,
         | has seen a 3x increase in meth deaths. [1]
         | 
         | Sadly, the restrictions on Sudafed are unlikely to ever change
         | as lawmakers rarely care that their laws hurt a ton of law-
         | abiding people as long as they can claim something about being
         | tough on crime.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/13/us/meth-crystal-
         | drug.html
        
           | freedomben wrote:
           | I've been in this boat too, and it's infuriating. I once had
           | a doctor that wrote me a script for it though and the
           | pharmacy let me get a whole 90 day supply with no problems. I
           | ended up moving and couldn't see this doc anymore, sadly.
           | This was in the late 00s though, I don't doubt that they
           | closed this "loophole" and don't allow docs to write for that
           | anymore.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Discussed at the time:
       | 
       |  _The Uselessness of Phenylephrine_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30858202 - March 2022 (592
       | comments)
        
       | rscho wrote:
       | Phenylephrine is ineffective when taken orally. It is super
       | effective topically or iv. I can definitely tell, because it's
       | the most commonly used vasopressor used under anaesthesia (iv).
       | Also used topically to avoid nosebleeds during nasal intubation.
        
         | tech_ken wrote:
         | Curious about how this aligns with the bioavailability point
         | discussed in the article. Presumably if the gut lining is where
         | the bulk of metabolism occurs then IV sidesteps this and
         | increase the bioavail drug, leading to improved efficacy.
        
           | wrs wrote:
           | The gut metabolism makes it _less_ available, which is why if
           | you put it in your stomach not much shows up in your nasal
           | lining. If you spray it or inject it directly where it needs
           | to go, no problem.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jawns wrote:
       | I laughed out loud when I read about the lobbyists who are trying
       | to keep phenylephrine from being taken off store shelves.
       | 
       | In one article about the FDA panel vote, a lobbyist said that
       | most consumers hate the alternatives -- nasal sprays because of
       | the discomfort and pseudoephedrine because it's stored behind the
       | pharmacy counter -- and so depriving them of a hassle-free option
       | is anti-consumer.
       | 
       | The fact that the hassle-free option has been shown to be
       | ineffective was, as you might guess, never mentioned.
        
         | ctoth wrote:
         | Unfortunately, this is the actual logic which will be used to
         | justify it staying on shelves.
         | 
         | > The decongestant is in at least 250 products that were worth
         | nearly $1.8 billion in sales last year, according to an agency
         | presentation.
         | 
         | Look those yachts aren't gonna buy themselves.
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | "Ok fine, you can still sell it over the counter... except a
           | X by Y sign stating 'This product is completely ineffective
           | if taken in pill form' needs displayed on the shelf where the
           | product is sold"
        
             | kstrauser wrote:
             | I could actually go along with that so long as other
             | ineffective things like homeopathic water get labeled the
             | same way.
        
             | dzdt wrote:
             | The same stores sell completely ineffective homeopathic
             | "medicines" alongside real medicines already. There are no
             | signs. Its already up to the consumer to determine what may
             | or may not actually work at the pharmacy.
        
               | badRNG wrote:
               | A few years back, I came down with the flu and went to
               | CVS for medicine. I purchased what I thought was a non-
               | prescription alternative to Tamiflu. It was a bad case,
               | and I dutifully followed the dosing instructions and took
               | the medication throughout the whole illness. It turns out
               | the product and the supposed function is complete
               | homeopathic nonsense. It was sold in a medicine isle
               | along with known "functional" cold medicine, and had some
               | "Active Ingredient" listed on the back (similar to any
               | other drug label.)
               | 
               | I spent my money on a product sold by a pharmacy that is
               | quite literally a scam. I'm naturally a skeptical person,
               | but I didn't think I needed to independently check
               | whether what's on a pharmacy store's shelves is medicine
               | or a scam. That's not my lane, I trusted that the
               | pharmacy would only sell medicine that works.
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | If you bought it at a for profit pharmacy, then it did
               | work precisely as they expected it to.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Just wait until you start reading drug trial data!
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | My understanding is the nasal spray version works, but the oral
         | just gets metabolized ineffectively?
        
           | uf00lme wrote:
           | Thank you for sharing, if this is true it will win me a
           | really good arguement. I know someone who hates
           | Phenylephrine, so I will buy some nasal spray just to
           | surprise them.
        
           | lokar wrote:
           | Correct
        
             | nonethewiser wrote:
             | Oh wow, didn't realize this
        
         | tshaddox wrote:
         | If only there was a simple physical maneuver that could
         | transform the location of something from behind a pharmacy
         | counter to the customer-facing shelves!
        
         | nonethewiser wrote:
         | I always assumed that was the whole point. A placater. This
         | probably isn't even news to them.
        
           | saulpw wrote:
           | I believe the official word is "placebo" :)
        
       | blobbers wrote:
       | https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/fda-panel-says-co...
       | -- "Phenylephrine -- found in drugs including Sudafed PE, Vicks
       | Nyquil Sinex Nighttime Sinus Relief and Benadryl Allergy Plus
       | Congestion -- is the most popular oral decongestant in the United
       | States, generating almost $1.8 billion in sales last year,
       | according to data presented Monday by FDA officials."
       | 
       | * Wasting peoples time and money while consuming their $.
       | 
       | * key part is consuming their $.
        
       | calvinmorrison wrote:
       | Trust the science guys!
        
         | scarface_74 wrote:
         | Science has been saying that Phenylephrine was ineffective for
         | years. The news here is that it took so long for the FDA to
         | officially admit it.
        
         | convolvatron wrote:
         | that wasn't a decision informed by any kind of research
        
           | lokar wrote:
           | But it was, it's just really old research
        
       | par wrote:
       | It's never worked for me and I didn't understand why people
       | bought these products.
        
         | scarface_74 wrote:
         | This is no different from "cough syrup", that doesn't work
        
         | kstrauser wrote:
         | They were marketed as working and have similar side effects as
         | pseudoephedrine-based products. I'd think those would be pretty
         | strong contributors to a placebo effect.
        
         | adamredwoods wrote:
         | Knowledge. Availability. Marketing. FDA.
         | 
         | But honestly, I would direct my anger at the lack of
         | transparency and oversight in the supplement market, rather
         | than this. Glad the FDA has finally corrected course.
        
       | greatpostman wrote:
       | Probably will get downvoted for this, but a bunch of my family
       | members are pharmacists. Their quiet opinion is that most
       | pharmaceuticals don't work. Even the ones that are thought
       | effective. The data is anecdotal, but is over 15 years of
       | watching people come in for prescriptions. The other aspect, is
       | they say it's mind boggling to see what kind of drugs people are
       | on.
        
         | jonnycoder wrote:
         | Anecdotally the most useful drugs are antibiotics and
         | corticosteroids. Other remedies I found truly impactful are
         | neti pot usage everyday if needed and zone 2 daily exercise.
        
         | h2odragon wrote:
         | Placebo effect is strong.
         | 
         | "Medicine" never wandered that far from religion, after all.
        
         | scarface_74 wrote:
         | Of course you are going to get downvoted and you should.
         | 
         | I know my blood pressure medicine works for instance because
         | every time I talk to my doctor about reducing it or getting off
         | it, I monitor my blood pressure and it spikes.
         | 
         | I know psuedophredrine works.
         | 
         | And your data is just that, "anecdotal", it's no better than
         | the people doing "research" by watching YouTube on the toilet.
        
           | freedomben wrote:
           | GP didn't say your blood pressure meds or pseudoephedrine
           | don't work, they said "most drugs don't work." I would have
           | preferred some specifics, but we didn't get them so you
           | shouldn't argue as though they were given.
        
           | onco wrote:
           | Ehh. Your experience is similarly anecdotal. You ignore that
           | there is a placebo effect, blood pressure is a surrogate
           | marker for cardiac events, and drugs can have adverse
           | effects.
           | 
           | It's best to look at all cause mortality in your example.
           | Many studies have looked at that endpoint if you are curious.
        
             | scarface_74 wrote:
             | It's "anecdotal" that I can measure with a machine that
             | gives a number and that I track over a period time?
             | 
             | It's not like I said "I feel better" when taking it. So my
             | blood pressure just magically comes down after I'm taking
             | it?
        
               | MockObject wrote:
               | What did you think "anecdote" means? Why wouldn't your
               | individual report of your meter measurements count? You
               | haven't shown us the data, shown that you've controlled
               | for confounding factors, or anything.
               | 
               | You posted an anecdote.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.00001
               | 036...
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | I mean it is technically anecdotal evidence; it is just a
               | story about you and wasn't collected in any systemic way,
               | we have no way to abstract it.
               | 
               | But there's also lots of clinically collected evidence
               | behind blood pressure medicine, right? I don't see why
               | anyone would have reason to doubt you.
        
         | ShamelessC wrote:
         | This is a really bad take. I hope you or your family members
         | reconsider. Also maybe they shouldn't hold negative judgemental
         | views on the customers that make their job possible?
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | This is also a bad take.
           | 
           | GP specifically mentioned prescriptions, so the
           | customer/patient is not at fault here, if there is a judgment
           | here, it is toward the doctors. And just because something
           | earns you money doesn't mean it is above criticism.
           | 
           | I still don't share GP's opinion in that _most_ medicine don
           | 't work. I think _some_ don 't work, and some is misused or
           | used preemptively, therefore showing no effect. And I am also
           | dubious about a lot of comfort medicine, but for most people
           | I know who are under proper prescription, it is obvious that
           | it works, it includes psychatric medicine.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | I think american medicine just chooses prescribing medication
         | first.
         | 
         | Patients are definitely more likely to take a medication than
         | change their behavior. Patients also ask for medication. And
         | then there's the whole pharmaceutical system.
         | 
         | My personal experience is that many older people I've known
         | have a startling number of bottles of medication they take
         | every day.
         | 
         | I also know some older people that have exercise and eating
         | right as part of their regimen and rarely take any medication.
        
           | 303uru wrote:
           | >I also know some older people that have exercise and eating
           | right as part of their regimen and rarely take any
           | medication.
           | 
           | Not to be pedantic, well actually let's be. But this is
           | pretty poor medical thinking. Are patient's not on meds at
           | advanced age because they exercise? Or are they able to
           | exercise because they're otherwise healthy and feel good?
           | This kind of simplifying causes a lot of harm in medicine and
           | a lot of patient blaming.
        
             | m463 wrote:
             | My observation seems to be two broad groups. Maybe the fit
             | ones eventually become the bottle ones? Maybe the no-bottle
             | ones are resisting medicine?
             | 
             | One thing is for certain - it makes me uncomfortable how
             | many different medications some people take every day.
        
         | matwood wrote:
         | I don't take many medicines and then only ones that I have
         | found to work for me. Pseudoephedrine absolutely does work,
         | phenylephrine does not.
        
         | 303uru wrote:
         | As a pharmacist, I can't help but laugh. I'm guessing they're
         | quiet because their peers see them as quacks. Most don't work
         | huh? Cancer death and morbidity rates are falling like a rock.
         | Antibiotics? Antifungals? Hep C cured? HIV/AIDs guaranteed
         | death turned to decades of symptom free life? Hell, we wouldn't
         | have an opioid crisis if the damn things didn't work. The
         | premise is just laughably silly.
         | 
         | It seems some people see that placebo's can have effects in a
         | select few paradigms of care and extrapolate that to "all drugs
         | must be placebos." Which is just smooth brain conspiracy talk.
        
         | kstrauser wrote:
         | I'd like to think you've heard them grousing about specific
         | things like this and misinterpreting that as a general
         | mistrust. Every medicine I've ever taken had an objective,
         | quantifiable effect on me.
         | 
         | Except for phenylephrine, of course, which only served to teach
         | me how to ask the pharmacist for the good stuff.
        
           | jrockway wrote:
           | I think that people are hoping for larger effects. I have
           | been a lifelong allergy sufferer. Many years ago, my doctor
           | gave me an intranasal antihistamine. It came with a piece of
           | paper about the studies done on it. Patients rated their
           | symptoms on a 1-5 scale, and the study observed the ratings
           | with and without. The placebo group rated their symptoms,
           | say, 4.0. The people on the drug rated them 3.5. I would say
           | that's exactly the effect I got from the medication, an
           | improvement, but not a complete elimination of symptoms.
           | Certainly some people are going to go to their pharmacist and
           | say "this does nothing", and that might lead them to believe
           | it's all a scam. It's not really a scam, it's just that
           | expectations were not set correctly. People want "this will
           | cure you and you'll get a gold metal in the Olympics!" but
           | all we have is "this will make life slightly less miserable".
           | 
           | It's probably the same for many conditions and medications.
           | Antidepressants don't turn you into someone who is always
           | happy. Painkillers don't make recovering from surgery a joy.
           | I think that people even had the same feelings about COVID
           | vaccines; they wanted "one shot and you'll never be sick
           | again", but all we got was being 90% less likely to get COVID
           | or whatever. None of this makes these things a scam. Rather,
           | they are imperfect technologies that we work to improve.
           | Silver bullets are rare, but they do exist. Just not all the
           | time. (Have you died from strep throat or polio recently?
           | People used to all the time!)
        
             | kstrauser wrote:
             | Huh, that's an interesting point and I bet there's
             | something to it. I'm taking OTC allergy meds right now but
             | still have _some_ symptoms; it's not an instant and
             | complete cure. Anyone who expects an instant improvement
             | from most kinds of medicines is going to be sorely
             | disappointed, and doctors need to diligently explain that
             | such-and-such will _help_ a problem, not immediately fix it
             | altogether.
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | Yup, exactly. OTC allergy meds are often an improvement;
               | I certainly notice if I forget to take them. But it's not
               | like my nose turns into the air-intake equivalent of one
               | of those helicopters that sucks up water for fighting
               | forest fires. Such a technology may not exist ;) (That
               | said, pseudoephedrine is pretty good for me on the worst
               | days.)
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | We now know that most published medical research findings are
         | false. That likely includes many of the studies that the FDA
         | relied upon to approve certain drugs.
         | 
         | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124
         | 
         | My impression is that the situation has been improving in
         | recent years. Between study pre-registration, larger subject
         | groups, and greater statistical rigor I have a lot more
         | confidence that drugs getting approved now actually do what
         | they say on the label. Of course, this is also part of the
         | reason why it now costs >$1B to bring a new drug to market.
        
           | scarface_74 wrote:
           | It's been known for years that Phenylephrine is useless and
           | was just kept on the market because of lobbying.
        
         | flarg wrote:
         | Pharmacist here. Most pharmaceuticals do actually work but
         | finding the right one for a patient can sometimes be harder
         | than you would think. I suspect your family members are quiet
         | about their opinions for a very good reason.
        
         | adriand wrote:
         | It's really difficult to untangle the placebo and nocebo
         | effects. I was recently surprised to learn there are studies
         | showing placebos can be effective even when people are told
         | they are taking a placebo. Ie literally telling people, "take
         | this pill every day, but please understand it's a placebo and
         | has no active ingredients whatsoever". And yet, their symptoms
         | improve. The theory is that the subconscious mind acts on some
         | information (white-coated professional giving me a medicine)
         | without being fully affected by the conscious mind's knowledge
         | that the pill ought to do nothing.
         | 
         | It's even possible that the negative attitudes of your
         | pharmacist family members toward the medications their patients
         | are taking are affecting their efficacy!
        
           | jtriangle wrote:
           | You're missing the part where they told participants what the
           | placebo effect was, and that taking the placebo would make
           | them feel better in spite of it having no active ingredients,
           | and it did indeed do so.
        
           | cheald wrote:
           | "Suggestible You" by Erik Vance explores this phenomenon, and
           | really turned me around on placebos. I'm, generally speaking,
           | not particularly susceptible to placebo effects, and always
           | kind of (arrogantly) chalked placebo effects up to people
           | just being gullible and wanting to see something that wasn't
           | there. It turns out there are actually genes that might be
           | responsible for the physical impact of the placebo effect in
           | the brain.
           | 
           | There's an enzyme - catechol-O-methyltransferase - which is
           | coded for by the COMT gene. This enzyme catalyzes the
           | metabolism of dopamine in the brain. COMT has three common
           | variations - AA/AG/GG - which substantially alters how
           | effective the enzyme is at metabolizing dopamine. AA results
           | in significantly reduced enzyme activity, which can result in
           | dopamine built-up in the brain, which results in increased
           | sensitivity to stress, anxiety, and pain, but comes with the
           | bonus of enhanced cognition, motor skills, and memory.
           | 
           | AA genotypes also tend to be "placebo responders", while GG
           | genotypes tend to be non-responders. This tends to imply that
           | placebo responsiveness isn't purely psychological, but
           | physical - and indeed, it turns out that in AA "responders"
           | you can turn off the placebo effect by administrating
           | naloxone (which works by binding to opioid receptors)!
           | 
           | This has really interesting implications for pharmacological
           | research, too - if there are people who are genotypically
           | predisposed towards or against placebo effects, then a drug
           | trial that stacks responders in the trial group and non-
           | responders in the placebo group which would produce a drug
           | efficacy signal that could be _just_ the placebo effect.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | It seems like a wild breach of professional ethics to sell
         | medical treatments that they don't believe will help their
         | patients. Did they mistake themselves for cashiers or
         | something?
        
       | robg wrote:
       | My kids seem to derive benefit from chewable tablets which I tell
       | them to suck on. Curious if anyone has found different research
       | on metabolization in the mouth versus gut?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | rscho wrote:
         | Oral and rectal blood goes directly to the greater circulation
         | without going through the liver (that metabolizes most toxins)
         | first.
        
       | wrs wrote:
       | From the referenced paper:
       | 
       | "Other examples of scientifically proven ineffective OTC
       | medications include guaifenesin as an expectorant,
       | dextromethorphan as a cough suppressant, and chlorpheniramine for
       | cold symptoms."
        
       | mattmcknight wrote:
       | Hoping this adds to the pressure to get pseudoephedrine back on
       | the shelf.
        
       | omginternets wrote:
       | This strikes me as an example of a larger phenomenon. Take for
       | example the counter-insurgency wars that have become normalized
       | since 9/11. In these conflicts, there is enormous pressure to
       | minimize casualties because these directly undermine the
       | political will to conduct military operations. As such, the
       | strategic objectives eventually degenerate to mere "presence",
       | and commanders are effectively unable to pursue the kinds of
       | operations that might actually translate into military success.
       | 
       | Similarly, we've collectively decided that selling an OTC drug
       | that is effectively inert is somehow preferable to selling a
       | useful-but-abusable substance, at which point one might argue
       | that it's _even safer_ to sell nothing at all.
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | (1) I think there's pretty wide agreement that selling Sudafed
         | PE is worse than selling nothing at all, and I'd sort of expect
         | it to be off the shelves sometime soon (it should have been
         | much earlier than this).
         | 
         | (2) "Selling nothing at all" is actually not the policy. Real
         | Sudafed is simply a behind-the-pharmacy-counter drug. You don't
         | need a script to get it (plenty of non-abusable drugs do
         | require scripts, a much higher bar). Real Sudafed is to a first
         | approximation available to everybody.
        
           | skipkey wrote:
           | Not sure if it's still the case, but a few years ago I was
           | traveling and staying overnight near St Louis, and was
           | shocked to find that it actually required a prescription
           | there, but only in the county that St Louis was in.
        
           | omginternets wrote:
           | > Real Sudafed is to a first approximation available to
           | everybody.
           | 
           | I didn't actually know this, and it's good to know. That
           | said, I'm not certain that most people are aware that it is
           | available without a script. Maybe I'm wrong.
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | If you walk up to the pharmacy counter at any Walgreens or
             | CVS, literally the first thing you're going to see is a
             | shelf of decongestants.
        
               | clipsy wrote:
               | I can't speak for your Walgreens or CVS, but at mine
               | you'll see a shelf full of phenylephrine-based
               | decongestants only, because the pseudoephedrine-based
               | ones are behind the counter and out of sight.
        
               | idlewords wrote:
               | Lots of pharmacies display cards in the regular
               | decongestant section that you can take up to the counter
               | to get the ID-required OTC pills. It adds an annoying
               | step, but they are hardly out of sight.
        
         | orangepurple wrote:
         | The Dutch take this to the extreme, where the actually
         | effective anti-cough medication dextromethorphan is completely
         | unavailable, but complete bullshit herbal mixes which claim to
         | help are a dime a dozen on every store shelf. I can't even
         | imagine the amount of needless suffering people with chronic
         | cough go through in the Netherlands.
        
           | rscho wrote:
           | The effectiveness of dextrometorphan is... underwhelming in
           | most people. But you are correct that no effective cough
           | suppressant is available OTC in Europe.
        
             | wrs wrote:
             | Dextromethorphan is one of the other "scientifically proven
             | ineffective" OTC products mentioned by the authors.
             | 
             | Once when I had a quite severe cough I did some (highly
             | motivated) research and my conclusion was that there is no
             | such thing as an effective cough suppressant. At least,
             | none that isn't also a consciousness suppressant.
        
               | rscho wrote:
               | Low dose codeine is notoriously efficient.
        
       | kstrauser wrote:
       | The risk:reward ratio is infinite -- it has adverse reactions but
       | essentially no benefit. It's about as much "medicine" as was
       | drinking radium.
       | 
       | Good riddance.
        
       | tech_ken wrote:
       | "Phenethylamines I Have Known and Felt Kind of Meh About"
        
         | jkingsman wrote:
         | I laughed out loud.
         | 
         | For those unaware, "Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved"
         | (aka PiHKAL) is Sasha and Ann Shulgin's book that is half semi-
         | fictional autobiography and half detailed synthesis and in-vivo
         | effects observed in the enormous family of psychoactive
         | phenethylamines. The autobiography part is only available in
         | print, but the chemistry section is freely available[0].
         | 
         | There is a sequel, a similar book for tryptamines called
         | TiHKAL[1].
         | 
         | They are stunningly bold in their chemistry, administration and
         | discovery of novel drugs, and in making good science available
         | under dubiously legal circumstances.
         | 
         | [0] https://erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal.shtml
         | [1] https://erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal.shtml
        
           | tech_ken wrote:
           | Psychoactive phenethylamines??? I've never heard of that, I'm
           | just really into nasal decongestants.
        
         | sitzkrieg wrote:
         | cant wait for TIKFKMA
        
       | hn8305823 wrote:
       | If you like the author Derek Lowe's writing like I do you might
       | like his "Things I won't Work with". Here's one of my favorites:
       | 
       | https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/things-i-won-t-wor...
        
         | kstrauser wrote:
         | > If the paper weren't laid out in complete grammatical
         | sentences and published in JACS, you'd swear it was the work of
         | a violent lunatic. I ran out of vulgar expletives after the
         | second page.
         | 
         | I love his work.
        
       | buildsjets wrote:
       | The fact that phenylepherine is ineffective is quite old and has
       | been common knowledge for many years. What is news is that the
       | FDA is finally acknowledging it. I've maintained my own reserve
       | of pseudoephedrine for years.
       | 
       | https://gizmodo.com/report-many-over-the-counter-decongestan...
       | 
       | https://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddisalvo/2015/10/26/the-pop...
       | 
       | https://www.newscientist.com/article/2089555-breaking-bad-sn...
        
         | cheald wrote:
         | Indeed. I've known that phenylepherine is worthless for a long
         | while, and just make it a point to buy a pack of the real stuff
         | every 6 months or so, so that I always have it on hand when I
         | need it. In my state, it's controlled - you have to get it from
         | a pharmacist (though you can do so without a prescription) -
         | they take your driver's license and don't allow you to purchase
         | it too often.
        
           | anamexis wrote:
           | That is a US federal law (the Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic
           | Act of 2005)
        
             | jimmaswell wrote:
             | And now we've got a fentanyl epidemic filling the void and
             | even more power handed to Mexican cartels since meth got
             | harder to produce domestically. Drugs continue to win the
             | war on drugs.
        
               | LordDragonfang wrote:
               | It's worse than that, because it's not actually a void
               | that's being filled - meth production simply switched to
               | a different pathway that's even more effective and
               | potent. There's actually _more meth_ than there was
               | before the ban.
               | 
               | https://dynomight.net/p2p-meth/ "The main thing about P2P
               | meth is that there's so much of it"
        
               | akira2501 wrote:
               | You can't fight a war against inanimate objects. You can
               | fight a war against drug addicts. You cannot possibly win
               | a war against drug addicts without addressing the
               | fundamental problem.
        
               | AtlasBarfed wrote:
               | The problem with decriminalization/legalization is that
               | those are the most abused drugs.
               | 
               | However, our drug war is causing Mexico to descend in to
               | anarchy and people are dying by the thousands, or living
               | in total fear of cartels that we trained in the School of
               | the Americas.
               | 
               | Thus, I conclude we have to decriminalize and treat our
               | addicts. Enforcement is not working. If we had a sane
               | drug policy 30-40 years ago, Mexico might be a healthy
               | vibrant trading partner.
        
               | underlipton wrote:
               | The "fundamental problem" is the breakdown of community
               | (drug abuse being primarily being a function of the
               | existence or lack of interpersonal involvement and
               | responsibilities that would preclude spending time and
               | money on them). People who are comfortable huddling in
               | their cars, homes, and exclusive social clubs, and who
               | would rather spend money on cops rather than social
               | programs, aren't going to like the fix for _that_.
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | > social programs
               | 
               | Do you have any links to social programs that have
               | successfully dealt with meth addiction?
               | 
               | Can't say I have seen any locally (New Zealand) and we
               | are a country more likely to see such programs?
        
               | ohthehugemanate wrote:
               | Do you have a source for this?
               | 
               | > drug abuse being primarily being a function of the
               | existence or lack of interpersonal involvement and
               | responsibilities that would preclude spending time and
               | money on them
               | 
               | AFAIK there have always been addicts in every culture.
               | Alcohol, various drugs, and strongly self destructive
               | behaviors are not recent additions to the human
               | experience. But I don't know any if the numbers or the
               | research on this root cause you mention.
        
               | jasonfarnon wrote:
               | "AFAIK there have always been addicts in every culture."
               | 
               | Surely you would agree that there the proportion of
               | addicts varies by culture and society, that the US for
               | example has a much higher proportion than many poorer
               | nations? I don't know about the first comment's claim
               | that lack of interpersonal relationship is the root
               | cause, but a strong social component looks obvious to me.
        
               | post_below wrote:
               | I suspect they're referring to experiments like the
               | famous "Rat Park". There is clearly a strong social and
               | environmental component to addiction susceptibility, at
               | least in rats.
               | 
               | I don't know if I'd go as far as to say it's _the_
               | fundamental problem, but definitely a major factor.
        
               | CoastalCoder wrote:
               | Until the past few years, I held a similar view. I.e., if
               | we could just dry up the demand for the product, the rest
               | of the system would crumble.
               | 
               | Then the whole Sackler / Oxycontin thing came to light.
               | And I saw (well, second hand) a normal person get hooked
               | on pain meds after back surgery, thanks to those
               | assholes. And they're not in prison.
               | 
               | That's when I concluded that we lack the collective will
               | to take the necessary steps to fully stop the trade of
               | addictive drugs.
        
               | JoeAltmaier wrote:
               | Most of us cannot make these drugs ourselves. To restrict
               | them effectively would certainly curtail their abuse?
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Vice or someone reports that you can make the new
               | formulation, in a backpack, in a Walmart bathroom, with
               | supplies you haven't even bought yet. Given that, and,
               | well, the Internet, I'm sure making it isn't hard for an
               | addict to learn how to make these drugs, even though it's
               | not common knowledge and you and I can't do it.
        
               | p_j_w wrote:
               | "We just need to wage the war on drugs harder, then it
               | will surely work."
        
               | 01100011 wrote:
               | Shake-n-bake meth was relatively easy to do for the
               | average methhead.
               | 
               | Also, do not underestimate the capabilities of a meth
               | user when they get fixated on something.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Bonus - meth causes among other things incredible focus.
        
               | paiute wrote:
               | I've noticed the comments on hn become more meth curious
               | over the last couple of years... I know the state of CO
               | has been pressuring doctors not to prescribe aderall.
               | Mine got taken away because i only took it when i needed
               | to force myself to really work (a few times a month). Now
               | i use pseudoephedrine.
        
               | MockObject wrote:
               | Hard drugs have been illegal in America for generations,
               | and yet every city has had a junkie community all this
               | time. How much more failure must we entertain?
        
               | akira2501 wrote:
               | The presumption here is that an addict, unable to get
               | their "favorite" drug, will now just stop doing drugs
               | entirely. This is not the case.
               | 
               | Drugs can also be stolen, from homes, and from
               | pharmacies, and from ambulances.
               | 
               | There are way more vectors than people care to ponder. If
               | you've ever had an addict in your life, you're forced to.
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | Meth is not harder to produce. It's now mass-produced
               | from P2P, with chiral purification using various methods
               | (like pulling one enantiomer with tartaric acid).
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Yes. But now it's produced in para-industrial labs,
               | mostly in other countries, rather than in apartments and
               | back yards, where those ad hoc labs were actually real
               | public safety problems.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | I wonder if the users are sad to miss out on the
               | artisanal small-batch experience.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | Isn't increased financing of major drug cartels a serious
               | public safety problem?
               | 
               | Weren't most pseudoephedrine-to-meth operations in rural
               | areas or otherwise situated away from the general public
               | to avoid detection?
        
               | _a_a_a_ wrote:
               | I'm curious about the chemistry here (though I have very
               | little chemistry background), so, bearing in mind that I
               | have _zero interest_ in producing methamphetamine,
               | perhaps you can elaborate a little:
               | 
               | - I can't see how Phenylacetone can have chirality
               | 
               | - I don't understand how any enantiomer of P2P (if one
               | exists, see above) can be selected for specifically via a
               | chemical reaction, especially here with tartaric acid,
               | which is a chiral molecule itself, so surely you would
               | need a specific enantiomer of tartaric acid to start
               | with?
               | 
               | I'm sure these are basic questions, I'm just a dabbler.
               | Any links welcome, no problem if this is out of place for
               | HN.TIA
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | P2P doesn't have chirality, but methamphetamine does. Any
               | carbon atom with 4 different groups attached to it will
               | always be chiral, in meth it's the carbon next to the
               | nitrogen. It has: methyl group, phenol group, hydrogen,
               | and the amino group.
               | 
               | > - I don't understand how any enantiomer of P2P (if one
               | exists, see above) can be selected for specifically via a
               | chemical reaction
               | 
               | You just react P2P and get a racemic mix of L- and D-
               | enantiomers of meth. Then you react it with tartaric
               | acid, which will preferentially react with the "right"
               | meth.
               | 
               | > tartaric acid, which is a chiral molecule itself
               | 
               | Ah, I see the confusion. Tartaric acid derived from
               | biological sources consists of just one enantiomer,
               | that's why you can use it to do chiral resolution.
        
               | supportengineer wrote:
               | I would like to see "taxes" be the winner of the war on
               | drugs
        
           | nonethewiser wrote:
           | You can buy 6 boxes of sudafed per month (24 doses each).
           | Isn't that more than the recommended (and probably safe)
           | daily limit? I dont doubt your intentions but I don't think
           | you actually need 6 boxes per month + a stash.
        
             | cheald wrote:
             | The point is more to not be in a position to have to go out
             | and buy some when I'm feeling cruddy. Since it's
             | controlled, I can't just have some shipped to my door when
             | I'm laying in bed sick. I just got in the habit of picking
             | it up periodically to ensure that it's on hand when I need
             | it.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Yup, nothing says fun times (and mass spreader) like
               | sitting in line and doing paperwork while sick.
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | When your kid gets sick late and the pharmacist leaves at
             | 6, why not have a packs of pills wherever you are.
             | 
             | Or god forbid, you run out at work and forgot the CVS takes
             | a siesta nationwide at 1:30.
        
             | PixyMisa wrote:
             | They mention one box every six months, which is entirely
             | reasonable.
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | For an individual, perhaps. But if your house has a lot
               | of people in it who get sick at the same time because
               | they live in close quarters, then maybe not.
        
               | 13of40 wrote:
               | Not sure how widespread it is or if there's a federal
               | limit, but my state (Washington) even makes it illegal to
               | possess more than 15 grams of it.
        
               | dmazzoni wrote:
               | If my math is correct, 15 grams would mean more than 20
               | normal boxes of Sudafed, if each box is 24x 30mg.
               | 
               | I usually buy boxes of 48x 30mg, but even then I'd have
               | to stash 10 boxes for it to be illegal.
        
         | jacobsimon wrote:
         | I just came here to say that I actually find phenylephrine
         | nasal spray quite effective - but I use it for a different use
         | case: stopping nosebleeds quickly. It's quite effective at that
         | and came recommended by an ENT, so I do believe it's an
         | effective vasoconstrictor when applied locally and I'm glad
         | it's available.
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | As per the article, you would likely be correct
        
           | rscho wrote:
           | You are correct.
        
           | kstrauser wrote:
           | That's legitimate. The FDA's issue with oral phenylephrine is
           | that it's metabolized in the gut before it gets to the sites
           | where you want it to work.
        
             | cyberax wrote:
             | I wonder if it will work as a suppository.
        
               | wmanley wrote:
               | It's worth a try. I'd recommend buying a separate spray
               | for your nose though.
        
               | kstrauser wrote:
               | "This medicine smells like crap."
        
               | phone8675309 wrote:
               | Reminds me of the old joke: what's the difference between
               | an oral thermometer and a rectal thermometer?
               | 
               | Answer: the taste
        
               | tlavoie wrote:
               | "Oh, Dad..."
               | 
               | Seriously, my late father _loved_ that joke, as do I.
        
               | phone8675309 wrote:
               | I heard that for the first time from my dad. It's a
               | certified dad joke.
        
               | tlavoie wrote:
               | As a certified dad, I have to agree.
        
               | joe5150 wrote:
               | Phenylephrine is a popular topical and suppository
               | treatment for hemorrhoids.
        
               | mattkrause wrote:
               | Yup!
               | 
               | https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/20786-phenyle
               | phr...
        
         | 1MachineElf wrote:
         | It helps me a lot with post-nasal drip.
        
         | purpleblue wrote:
         | The fact that drug companies' "tests" indicated that it worked
         | shows how corrupt the system is. There is in fact no way it
         | could have worked, yet the data they provided decades ago
         | showed that it did. This is why we should never, ever trust
         | drug companies, it's just kind of funny that somehow in the
         | last few years some people decided that Pfizer was a hero
         | instead of a psychopathic (in the purest clinical definition)
         | money machine.
        
         | paint wrote:
         | I mean, I get the reason behind it and I honestly don't know if
         | it's a good or a bad thing, but the idea of pseudoephedrene
         | sales being monitored like that is so foreign to me. I bought
         | cold medication in pharmacies in 3 different countries always
         | asking specifically for pseudoephedrine and it never occured to
         | me that was a meth cook thing.
        
         | JJMcJ wrote:
         | You can still get pseudoephedrine, for example Claritin D, the
         | D for decongestant. It's not by prescription but you have to
         | sign for it at the pharmacy desk, present ID, and I believe
         | it's reported to FDA/DEA and there are limits to how much you
         | can buy per month.
        
           | tyingq wrote:
           | That's mostly right, but it's not reported to anyone. It came
           | from the _" The Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of
           | 2005"_.
           | 
           | If you want to sell pseudoephedrine, your org has to "self
           | certify", keep a logbook purchasers have to sign, require ID,
           | enforce the purchase limits, train employees, etc. But, the
           | logbook doesn't go anywhere unless some investigation or
           | audit prompts that. So, if you're a really determined cooker,
           | you can still go to a bunch of different stores...though
           | you're leaving a paper trail. And some big brands might
           | cross-check and have an org-wide electronic log book.
           | 
           | https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/meth/index.html
        
             | tshaddox wrote:
             | > So, if you're a really determined cooker, you can still
             | go to a bunch of different stores...though you're leaving a
             | paper trail.
             | 
             | Isn't meth a lot easier to come by these days? I have to
             | imagine it's more convenient to cook street meth back into
             | Sudafed to fix your stuffy nose than it is to cook Sudafed
             | into meth to get your fix.
        
               | NickNameNick wrote:
               | see "A Simple and Convenient Synthesis of Pseudoephedrine
               | From N-Methylamphetamine"
               | 
               | https://improbable.com/airchives/paperair/volume19/v19i3/
               | Pse...
        
               | pengaru wrote:
               | A "cook house" burned down from me a couple months ago,
               | so there's clearly still domestic cooking going on here
               | (Cali hi-desert around JTNP).
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > I have to imagine it's more convenient to cook street
               | meth back into Sudafed to fix your stuffy nose than it is
               | to cook Sudafed into meth to get your fix.
               | 
               | Maybe, but more people are willing to do felonies to
               | get/sell meth than to do the same thing for
               | pseudoephedrine, and its just as illegal to by meth to
               | cook pseudoephedrine as to cook meth from
               | pseudoephedrine.
        
             | tyingq wrote:
             | >but it's not reported to anyone
             | 
             | I'm apparently wrong about that. Seems NPLEX/MethCheck was
             | made a requirement US state by US state over a number of
             | years. So there's no national monitoring, but many (most?)
             | US states require it and give law enforcement access. And
             | like most things set up that way, enforcement and
             | monitoring varies by state/county/etc.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > That's mostly right, but it's not reported to anyone.
             | 
             | IIRC, its reported to a centralized state database in
             | (near) realtime in some states, but in any case it is
             | definitely the case that chain pharmacies generally have
             | their own electronic tracking and flagging to avoid getting
             | nailed the way CVS did [0], which may be shared systems
             | like MethCheck [1], which can also be used by independent
             | pharmacies.
             | 
             | So, you've got to choose your targets carefully for your
             | "shop at lots of different pharmacies" plan.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/cac/Pressroom/pr20
             | 10/14...
             | 
             | [1] https://totalverify.equifax.com/solutions/methcheck
        
             | terribleperson wrote:
             | I was under the impression that there are state-level
             | databases in some states that actually track sales. I am
             | likely incorrect, since a quick google doesn't find
             | anything.
        
             | alex_young wrote:
             | Doesn't it take a ton of the stuff though? I thought people
             | stealing pallets of it was the only viable way to source
             | enough of it. Seems like just having some inventory control
             | is a sufficient deterrent.
        
               | tyingq wrote:
               | Googling around a bit, a typical 20-count box of
               | pseudoephedrine (2.4 grams of "active ingredient") yields
               | roughly 2 grams of "high quality" meth with the shake-
               | and-bake/one-pot method. Not the only ingredient, of
               | course, but close to 1:1 of in/out.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Depends on how much you're wanting to make. Sending
               | smurfs to buy/steal from several locations was a thing
               | for a while. But these cooks were never going to be
               | cartel level secret lab under the commercial laundry
               | location. These were the cook a batch in the trailer out
               | back type of cooks. Jesse before teaming up with Mr White
        
         | Damogran6 wrote:
         | I haven't tried lately (moved on to aother anti-histimines) but
         | with a Driver's license, I could pretty readily get ahold of
         | it.
         | 
         | Then had to disengage based on what it was doing to my blood
         | pressure.
        
           | jamiek88 wrote:
           | Were you using a 'D' version? Like Claritin-D? I got that by
           | accident once and my heart pounded like I was on speed. I'm
           | highly sensitive to that stuff, same at the dentist the local
           | anesthesia makes my heart race.
           | 
           | Third generation antihistamines are amazing.
           | 
           | Zyrtec changed my life.
           | 
           | I used to majorly struggle with 'hayfever' as we called it,
           | to the point it ruined my summer.
           | 
           | I was miserable as a child, only winter gave relief as I was
           | allergic to both tree and grass pollen.
           | 
           | Then zirtec came out. Originally as a prescription and that
           | coupled with Flonase completely got rid of my symptoms
           | without fatigue!
           | 
           | The old antihistamines I'd have to take so many to get help
           | that I could barely keep my eyes open.
           | 
           | Then I moved to Texas from UK and the flora was completely
           | different thus I didn't react at all!
           | 
           | It was heavenly.
           | 
           | Then I moved to Oregon and many, many, trees and plants are
           | the same as in the UK and my allergies came back.
           | 
           | Much weaker this time as a lot of people age out of these
           | types of allergies, as my mother did.
           | 
           | OTC zirtec sorts it out.
           | 
           | Anecdotal really but I thought I'd share.
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | > my heart pounded like I was on speed.
             | 
             | Pseudoephedrine literally is an amphetamine, and famously
             | the precursor to meth(amphetamine). I don't have a similar
             | reaction but I'm not surprised some people are more
             | sensitive.
        
             | Damogran6 wrote:
             | Yeah, I cycle between kirkland nasal spray and eyedrops.
             | 
             | And now going back on-site, the headcolds you pick up with
             | proximity to people, Sudafed was AWESOME, it's just a pita
             | to get and I shouldn't use it a lot.
        
             | p1mrx wrote:
             | Note that Zyrtec's patent expired in 2007, so it's now
             | available as generic Cetirizine.
        
             | kerblang wrote:
             | Surprised this is the only comment mentioning the amazing
             | Zyrtec (with Cetirizine) (probably misspelled, even with
             | the bottle in front of me), in poem form.
             | 
             | But yeah it does work, smashingly. Also I found changing my
             | AC air filter helped.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | > I've maintained my own reserve of pseudoephedrine for years.
         | 
         | Synthesizing it from widely-available and affordable street
         | drugs, I assume.
         | 
         | https://improbable.com/airchives/paperair/volume19/v19i3/Pse...
        
           | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
           | Lol, that article is really brilliantly hilarious. SNL should
           | do a "Bizarro-World Breaking Bad" where Walter and Jesse go
           | around buying up crystal meth so they can cook Sudafed.
        
           | nimish wrote:
           | Easily the best example of why the stupid federal law
           | limiting access to a useful decongestant backfired.
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | You realize your "best example" is a joke, right?
        
               | nimish wrote:
               | Yes, the punchline of the joke is that synthesizing
               | pseudoephedrine from meth is more convenient than buying
               | Sudafed after the law on restricting sales ostensibly to
               | reduce meth production.
               | 
               | i.e., the law didn't do much to halt meth production but
               | did put a bunch of barriers around a useful drug _and_
               | promoted the use of phenylephrine instead, a useless drug
               | in pill form. A huge net negative.
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | In what way did it backfire? It's a useful decongestant.
             | But it also basically _is_ methamphetamine, with just a
             | couple easily-reversible Rubik 's turns to make it a
             | decongestant instead of an ultra-powerful stimulant.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Didn't prevent people from getting meth, but did allow
               | drug companies to make millions selling a useless
               | compound. I doubt that was the intent of the legislation.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | The same company sells both compounds. I don't think this
               | was a huge moneymaker. I think the PE thing was just
               | there to retain the sales that moving Sudafed behind the
               | counter sacrificed. That doesn't make it OK, but it does
               | sort of argue against the idea that the regulation was
               | just a moneymaking scheme.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Agree with that. Just more failed war on drugs stuff.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Only if you judge the outcome strictly by how many people
               | are consuming meth, but there are other important
               | endpoints to this policy, like "reducing the number of
               | backyard meth labs", which are problems in their own
               | right.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Water, consisting of _hydrogen_ "basically is" and
               | explosive, as is table salt, consisting of Sodium, which
               | explodes when coming into contact with water. How can we
               | let these two dangerous substances go unregulated! Think
               | of the children! who will get to have interesting high
               | school chemistry labs, that is.
               | 
               | That Sudafed "basically is" meth misunderstands
               | chemistry, and the resourcefulness of the real life
               | Walter Whites of the world. Hells Angels and the Cartels
               | operate under the nose of the DEA so there's no way meth
               | or drugs are going away. It's time for the government to
               | admit they lost the current battle of the war on drugs to
               | drugs. Current tactics aren't working and it's time to
               | take the war to the demand side of the equation. Cut down
               | the demand for drugs by getting addicts off opiates and
               | stimulants with an army of therapists and councilors and
               | rehab programs. With a large helping of harm reduction
               | and government assistance. Wishful thinking, I know, but
               | making all forms of basic chemistry illegal is like
               | trying to make water not wet.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | No, this analogy isn't plausible.
        
           | buildsjets wrote:
           | At least if I followed that path, I would not be required to
           | have my purchase recorded in an insecure government database.
        
             | mikeweiss wrote:
             | Something tells me there is more than just a government
             | owned database involved. Likely at least one third party
             | vendor system... Not to mention every pharmacy chain
             | probably stores or at least transmits it through one their
             | own systems.
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | Why are you worried about the government recording your
             | usage of Sudafed? What is anybody going to do with that
             | information? Serious question! I understand the principle
             | involved; I just want to know if there's some practical
             | concern.
        
               | kstrauser wrote:
               | For me, it's a matter of _it's none of their business_.
               | No one's accused me of making meth, but here's all my PII
               | in a database "just in case".
               | 
               | It's literally harder for me to buy cold medicine than a
               | gun. I hate everything about that situation.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | I mean, the reason they keep the database is especially
               | clear here, right? They're just trying to enforce a rate
               | limit. It's the most obvious public policy response you
               | can have to "a drug that in small quantities is a useful
               | decongestant, but in moderate quantities or above is an
               | ultra powerful stimulant whose abuse is ravaging parts of
               | the country".
        
               | kstrauser wrote:
               | I get it. I just find it frustrating, and I'd like to
               | know that my PII was removed after the rate limit period.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | I agree with this!
        
               | phone8675309 wrote:
               | The primary question to me is whether the risk of data
               | breech outweighs the harm from not keeping the data, and
               | while 20 years ago this tradeoff may have made sense, I'm
               | not so sure it makes sense now.
        
               | akerl_ wrote:
               | If the data is breached, an attacker learns... that
               | sometimes you have a cough?
        
               | phone8675309 wrote:
               | In addition to at least your full legal name, birthday,
               | gender, home address, driver's license number, telephone
               | number, location(s) you've been to buy medication, and
               | possibly email address.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | You do not in fact provide an email address to buy
               | Sudafed. The rest of that information is for most people
               | already a public record.
               | 
               | I'm not saying that makes it OK to assemble into a
               | database, and I think the point about amassing PII is
               | well taken, but I think people are probably
               | overestimating the value/hazardousness of this particular
               | data set.
        
               | kstrauser wrote:
               | ...and your SSN, and your driver's license info, and all
               | the other personally identifying information they collect
               | and store in the DB.
        
               | phone8675309 wrote:
               | Generally not your SSN - I've never had to give it for
               | Sudafed - but at least full legal name, birthday, gender,
               | home address, driver's license number, telephone number,
               | location(s) you've been to buy medication, and possibly
               | email address.
               | 
               | Much of which would be covered as PII and PPI, and, in
               | combination with info from other other data breaches can
               | tell someone a lot about you.
        
               | civilitty wrote:
               | It's legal defense in depth, similar to not talking to
               | police without an attorney present. All it takes is an
               | overzealous prosecutor or social worker to ruin someone's
               | life by misrepresenting some random circumstantial facts.
               | This happens all the time in drug cases, for example,
               | where the possession of innocuous items like small
               | baggies allows prosecutors to take charges from regular
               | possession to intent to distribute or trafficking.
               | 
               | Even if someone isn't doing anything illegal, since >90%
               | of cases end in plea deals it's good legal hygiene.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | fluidcruft wrote:
               | Every database that contains your PII increases your
               | exposure to a breach and likelihood of having to deal
               | with it. It's not the sudafed use that makes it a target:
               | it's the driver's license.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Right, but this particular database presumably doesn't
               | have anything especially sensitive in it, apart from your
               | Sudafed consumption.
               | 
               | I don't mean to dismiss that point, it's a valid point,
               | I'm just considering it closely.
        
               | fluidcruft wrote:
               | Anything a government uses to uniquely identify and track
               | individuals (i.e. driver's license) is the target.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Until very recently, drivers license numbers were
               | effectively public in a lot of states (they're
               | deterministically generated from public information).
        
               | fluidcruft wrote:
               | Hey, that's pretty cool. I suppose I now know Ron
               | DeSantis's drivers license number up to the last digit.
               | And the soundex algorithm is cool (using fuzzy lookup in
               | a list that way to get close/vague matches is novel to me
               | and might be useful). I had heard of soundex but didn't
               | know how it worked until now. Thanks for the TILs!
               | 
               | https://stevemorse.org/dl/dl.html
               | 
               | http://www.highprogrammer.com/alan/numbers/index.html
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Sudafed usage, probably a copy of the drivers license,
               | your address, any phone number you give them, and how
               | often you buy a drug the DEA considers a precursor to
               | something really terrible.
               | 
               | Usually no one even looks at it (so why have it even?!?),
               | but when they do it's a potential intro to a full on
               | Brazil situation.
               | 
               | Luckily the whole thing is generally considered a waste
               | of time, so usually nothing comes of it. But why make
               | yourself a target if you can avoid it?
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Well, it seems pretty obvious why they have it: so they
               | can match purchases of Sudafed at different retail
               | outlets at different points in time. And it's obvious why
               | they want to do that: because there really was a huge
               | epidemic of people making straw purchases of Sudafed to
               | feed large numbers of low-volume amateur meth labs.
               | 
               | In the years after this policy was put into place, there
               | were news stories about how effective it had been in
               | eliminating backyard meth production. You don't see those
               | stories anymore. I suggest, with weak confidence, that
               | the reason you don't isn't that backyard meth has roared
               | back, but rather that it's so decisively not a part of
               | the equation anymore that stats about it don't really
               | matter. Meth comes from overseas now, not from backyards.
               | 
               | That doesn't solve the meth consumption problem, but it
               | does eliminate one significant meth externality.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | I love how we're still stuck not being able to buy
               | Sudafed normally though. :(
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | You mean, by walking into the drug store and asking for
               | it?
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | By literally going to the aisle with the decongestants,
               | taking a pack, and paying for it like every other thing I
               | would be buying. Like every other OTC drug.
               | 
               | Without having to give ID, find a pharmacist, etc. I
               | remember those days. They're long gone, obviously.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | "Find a pharmacist"? I can tell you where the pharmacist
               | is! They have their own checkout aisle!
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | And bankers hours, and their own waiting line! Perfect!
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | It's none of their business. Simple as that.
        
               | akira2501 wrote:
               | What they're going to do with it is prevent me from
               | making a purchase if I've crossed some arbitrary limit as
               | if exceeding that limit automatically makes me a drug
               | trafficker.
               | 
               | From there, it's not too far of a stretch to imagine the
               | government assigning someone to review the list and to
               | expend additional investigative resources into merely
               | "suspicious" cases. Plenty of good tragedies start this
               | way.
               | 
               | If the government has an interest in preventing drug
               | manufacture then this is the absolute worst way to go
               | about prosecuting that agenda. It harms the wrong people
               | and it offers no impediment to actual producers.
               | 
               | The information cannot possibly be useful, it may become
               | a liability, and I didn't ask to be protected from
               | myself.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | They're just going to say "no", right? They're not going
               | to "automatically make you a drug trafficker". They're
               | just trying to enforce a rate limit.
        
               | akira2501 wrote:
               | So, if the concern isn't that I'm trafficking, then why
               | am I being told no? Isn't this the logic the government
               | used to assert this right for itself in the first place?
               | 
               | Otherwise, what right is it of the government to enact
               | this rate limit? What interest are they protecting? How
               | is the rate limit decided? What can I do if I disagree
               | with the rate limit? Why is a private business being
               | burdened with the governments agenda here?
               | 
               | I get where you're coming from, it _is_ a /small/ thing,
               | but the implications immediately become onerous if you
               | think about their meaning inside of a "free" country.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | You're not being told "no". You can just go buy some
               | Sudafed right now if you want to. It's not like there's
               | an application process. There is a rate limit; that's it.
        
               | akira2501 wrote:
               | In order for a rate limit to be effective, at some point
               | it has to apply, and at that point, I'm told "no." More
               | concretely, in order to implement a rate limit, you have
               | to sign an electronic log book, and the government can
               | view that log book whenever it likes, without any sort of
               | review or auditing, of course.
               | 
               | This isn't the primary concern anyways, the point was, in
               | order to implement this seemingly simple action, many
               | liberties have to be sacrificed and the boundary between
               | innocent and criminal and government and private business
               | become significantly marred.
               | 
               | Perhaps those sacrifices are immaterial to most lives and
               | could be ignored without consequence, but the originalist
               | in me says this is folly, and as I've shown it's easy to
               | think of the dangers that some innocent people might
               | endure as a result. Worse, comparing these dangers to the
               | outcomes of the system itself, the whole endeavor seems
               | to have negative value.
               | 
               | Finally, as we've seen in history many times, now that
               | this electronic logbook exists, it's use will naturally
               | continue to expand until the government has secured for
               | itself the right to view nearly every single
               | "questionable" purchase you make at a pharmacy.
               | 
               | It's an entirely unaccountable act from the government.
               | I'm not sure why anyone would expend effort minimizing
               | it.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | The only liberty being sacrificed here is showing an ID
               | at a pharmacy counter to get Sudafed. I'll stipulate
               | that's a liberty being sacrificed, but it isn't "many".
               | 
               | This particular "logbook" has existed for almost 2
               | decades now, and its scope hasn't creeped from there, so
               | your second argument is pretty easy to shoot down.
               | 
               | I think the evidence pretty strongly suggests that this
               | policy, which was put in place to create a rate limit on
               | the purchase of a chemical that isn't so much a precursor
               | to methamphetamine as it is a slightly tweaked version
               | _of_ methamphetamine, is in fact simply used to create a
               | rate limit.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > The only liberty being sacrificed here is showing an ID
               | at a pharmacy counter to get Sudafed.
               | 
               | It would be interesting to know if the people concerned
               | about the need to show an ID to vote share that concern
               | about the need to show an ID for access to medicine.
               | 
               | > This particular "logbook" has existed for almost 2
               | decades now, and its scope hasn't creeped from there, so
               | your second argument is pretty easy to shoot down.
               | 
               | The policy has proved ineffective at curtailing the
               | availability of methamphetamine while inconveniencing
               | honest people. That's not something the public is
               | clamoring for more of.
               | 
               | But it never really was. It came about to begin with as
               | part of the Patriot Act. The lack of expansion is
               | unsurprising given the lack of any 9/11-style crisis to
               | use as an excuse in the intervening two decades. The test
               | is when the next one comes.
               | 
               | One of the failings of the existing style of government
               | is that the "passage by both houses of Congress and
               | signed by the President" system used to pass legislation
               | is the same system required to repeal it, which
               | rightfully makes it harder to pass bad laws, but
               | wrongfully makes it harder to repeal them. And then they
               | get passed during a crisis and inconveniently stick.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Oh, sweet summer child.
               | 
               | Every time the DEA gets bored/needs to pump up their
               | stats, they look through the database to figure out who
               | to start investigating.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Respectfully, I don't believe you. This is another one of
               | those cases where the Bayesian Base Rate Fallacy suggests
               | that the "scary" version of this supposed DEA policy,
               | where they pursue marginal cases of people with extra-
               | stuffy noses, can't possibly work.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs36/36407/36407p.
               | pdf
               | 
               | Legit extra-stuffy-noses? Sure. But that isn't a Brazil
               | type situation. A Brazil type situation is where you get
               | mistakenly caught in the gears of a no-win bureaucracy
               | just trying to survive.
               | 
               | Not a super high risk IMO, but definitely not ZERO risk.
               | The DEA hasn't always been known to give the benefit of
               | the doubt, or ask questions before shooting.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | None of this supports the argument you made? It's just a
               | DOJ report talking about the smurfing-to-lab pipeline,
               | which was obviously very real, until we made it annoying
               | enough to get Sudafed that smurfing became irrelevant and
               | production shifted offshore.
               | 
               | No, this is an instance where I won't hedge, because I
               | think my cards in this hand are strong enough: the risk
               | of what you said earlier, of DEA getting bored and
               | looking for marginal cases of Sudafed acquisitions in the
               | logs to trigger enforcement work, is zero. Absent some
               | important other high-signal source to correlate with,
               | that tactic is mathematically guaranteed not to work.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Dude, that report was written AFTER the laws which
               | required it to be moved behind the counter, people to
               | take IDs, etc. 2 years after.
               | 
               | Smurfing was the response to that.
               | 
               | They used those databases to identify it and target
               | folks. That's the whole point.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | I re-read it again. It says that exactly nowhere. In
               | fact, the one specific case it did talk about, the
               | causality was reversed: the investigation started with a
               | couple that was recruiting _other people_ to buy.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | The law causing all these effects was passed in 2005.
               | 
               | https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/meth/index.html
               | 
               | https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/
               | pag...
               | 
               | Page 5.
               | 
               | I've read press releases where the DEA flat out says they
               | looked at the logs to identify suspicious purchasers, but
               | i can't find them in the noise.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ksaj wrote:
       | I wish they would give similar treatment to homeopathic
       | "remedies." It's appalling to find them sold at drug stores when
       | they've never even been proven effective in any way. You can
       | literally give the opposite "medicine" to someone and they
       | wouldn't be able to tell the difference.
        
       | no-dr-onboard wrote:
       | phenylepherine is the otc version of pseudoephedrine, what
       | Sudafed was originally created with.
       | 
       | If you need Sudafed that works, go to the phamacist and ask for
       | "real sudafed". You might have to scan your ID if you live in
       | certain states and you actually need a Rx if you're in Oregon
       | (lol), but for most free states you're good to just purchase it
       | at the counter.
        
         | wging wrote:
         | > phenylepherine is the otc version of pseudoephedrine
         | 
         | That's mostly incorrect, both are "otc" (over-the-counter)
         | wherever you can buy them without a prescription. That's what
         | that means.
        
         | Kirby64 wrote:
         | Psuedophedrine requires an ID to purchase and must be kept
         | behind the counter in any state in the US. It's a federal
         | requirement. Stores are also required to keep a record of
         | purchases for 2 years.
         | 
         | If you were able to purchase Sudafed without having someone get
         | it from the back or out of some locked cabinet, and also hand
         | over your ID, it wasn't psuedophedrine.
        
           | scarface_74 wrote:
           | He said "at the counter".
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | He said "you might have to scan your ID in certain states";
             | the ID and logbook requirements for a purchase of anything
             | but a "single sales package" (basically, 2 Sudafed) of
             | pseudoephedrine is a federal requirement applying to every
             | US state and territory.
        
             | Kirby64 wrote:
             | It's ambiguous. GP said "some states" require an ID. I'm
             | clarifying it's all 50 states require an ID to purchase
             | psuedophedrine and the other associated federal
             | restrictions.
        
         | dopa42365 wrote:
         | It's a different substance. Not version.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > You might have to scan your ID if you live in certain states
         | 
         | The "certain states" involved being "the United States" since
         | 2006, unless you are buying a "single sales package" with less
         | than 60mg of pseudoephedrine [0] (which is the dose in _two_
         | Sudafed caplets [1].)
         | 
         | [0] https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-drug-class/legal-
         | requi...
         | 
         | [1] https://www.sudafed.com/products/sudafed-sinus-congestion
        
         | RockRobotRock wrote:
         | They changed that last year:
         | https://www.statesmanjournal.com/story/news/politics/2022/01...
        
         | zinclozenge wrote:
         | Oregon no longer requires a prescription since 2022.
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | Public service announcement: sinus rinse (e.g. NeilMed) works.
       | Available in every drug store with no prescription or pharmacist
       | involvement necessary.
       | 
       | It's gross, though. Do it in private.
        
         | the_sleaze9 wrote:
         | I have swollen nasal polyps (or something) which causes every
         | single cold I get to eventually transform into a 2 week sinus
         | infection + cough ordeal.
         | 
         | Netty pot with salty water and a pinch of baking soda, and an
         | even saltier water gargle clears things up nicely. And is very
         | budget friendly.
        
           | quercusa wrote:
           | Ask your ENT to look into adding Budesonide [0] to your
           | saline rinse. It is intended to keep polyps from growing (and
           | has worked wonders for me).
           | 
           | [0] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7374675/
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | It was when I had the mother of all sinus infections that
           | someone told me about this. Never had the problem again.
           | YMMV.
           | 
           | People imagine it must burn, because getting water up your
           | nose when swimming burns. But the salt & baking soda
           | neutralizes that.
        
         | doug_durham wrote:
         | It doesn't reduce the sinus inflammation. At least for me all I
         | end up with is a still congested, but now watery nose.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | Noted. At least you've tried it.
           | 
           | The water dripping out of your nose: that's a feature, not a
           | bug /s
        
           | quercusa wrote:
           | It's useful to rinse out the sinuses so that nasties don't
           | grow there.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | If you already are pretty bad off, yeah it usually doesn't
           | help. It _really_ helps prevent it from getting that bad
           | though, by washing out pollen, gunk, etc. and hydrating
           | things.
        
       | m463 wrote:
       | yesterday:
       | 
       | Phenylephrine for colds and allergies don't work, FDA panel says
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37485940
        
       | wffurr wrote:
       | Context: On Sept 12th 2023, an FDA panel (the NDAC) definitively
       | voted to find phenylephrine ineffective:
       | https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/996369 Next will be re-
       | assessing its GRASE status and potentially removing it from
       | stores.
        
       | mullingitover wrote:
       | I always thought it was pretty brazen of them to openly label
       | their cold medicine as 'placebo effect' (pretty sure that's what
       | the 'PE' stands for).
        
         | samtheprogram wrote:
         | I always thought it was for Phenyl-Ephrine, but this is so
         | funny/perfect I will use this when explaining to people to not
         | buy Sudafed unless it's behind the counter.
        
           | meatmanek wrote:
           | I always assumed it was there to subtly confuse people into
           | thinking they were getting Pseudo-Ephedrine.
        
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       (page generated 2023-09-13 23:01 UTC)