[HN Gopher] How Australians made the early internet their own
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How Australians made the early internet their own
        
       Author : throwaway167
       Score  : 76 points
       Date   : 2023-09-22 16:04 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (theconversation.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (theconversation.com)
        
       | xrd wrote:
       | Another interesting book about the microcosm of tech is the book
       | Gaming the Iron Curtain. It's about the Czech Republic before the
       | velvet revolution, so not about the Internet, but fascinating how
       | people there used technology despite their constraints.
        
       | chrisrickard wrote:
       | Running from school in 1994 straight to my local library to beat
       | the rush for a 30 minute allotment of "the internet" on a crappy
       | computer. But it blew my mind, I loved every byte. When I
       | discovered I could download and print guitar tablature others had
       | transcribed, I was in awe. When I discovered I could save images
       | of my favourite bands to a floppy disk, it was magic. And finally
       | when I realised that I too could build websites using HTML... I'm
       | just glad I grew upon that era, and I could build a career, and a
       | life out of something I love.
        
         | cube00 wrote:
         | How I dodged getting a virus downloading on the shared library
         | computers and bringing those floppies home I'll never know.
         | 
         | We only had 8 hours _a month_ of dial up so I still had to
         | frequent the library to get my fix.
         | 
         | We also had to carefully consider when we would dial in because
         | that was 25 cents a pop for the phone call.
         | 
         | Hours spent writing and read mail and newsgroups offline and
         | one "send and receive" when you were online to save those
         | precious hours.
        
           | mnahkies wrote:
           | We were fortunate enough to have unlimited hours, but living
           | remotely enough to not get broadband until ~2010. Fond
           | memories of downloading Linux Isos and the like from 10pm-7am
           | over the course of weeks/months trying not to tie up the
           | phone line too much.
           | 
           | Getting access to a university's connection was a revelation
           | and many a CDs were burnt of random stuff whilst being amazed
           | that a month long endeavour could be done in minutes
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | At some point, Bell Canada had a $5/month service called
             | "Internet Call Display", so you had an app that popped up
             | on your computer when there was an incoming call and who it
             | was. You could also set it to auto-disconnect for any in-
             | coming call.
             | 
             | With that, I started logging many hundreds of hours a month
             | on dialup...
        
             | cube00 wrote:
             | I did high school work experience at a university and they
             | were kind enough to give me a Red Hat Linux CD to install
             | at home along with a full printed manual for it. There
             | began the awaking to a whole new world beyond DOS and
             | Windows that I never would have had on dial up.
        
           | stevekemp wrote:
           | I remember similar things in the UK, having to pay both a
           | monthly subscription price and a per-minute fee to access the
           | internet.
           | 
           | When I got a broadband connection in the mid nineties it was
           | a double win - no longer did I have to pay by the minute, and
           | when I was online I could still make and receive phone-calls
           | from my landline.
           | 
           | (I sometimes feel nostalgic when watching films in which
           | early dialup was featured, hearing the sound of the modem
           | negotiating it's almost immediately obvious what their baud
           | rate was set to 28.8k or the 56k!)
        
         | vjk800 wrote:
         | It's weird how all that stuff and much more is still available
         | now, but no-one is in awe anymore. Of course the same could be
         | said of the pre-internet modern era compared to, say the 1700th
         | century.
         | 
         | I guess human mind really is sensitive only to changes and not
         | to absolute state of things. Makes me wonder how much point
         | there really is in continuously making newer and shinier things
         | since the only thing that happens is that people just get used
         | to the new things and are approximately as happy as they were
         | before.
        
           | cube00 wrote:
           | _Everything is amazing and nobody is happy._
        
           | bloomingeek wrote:
           | This is a great observation and fact! I believe paradigm
           | shifts are almost always missed by the masses. Right now we
           | are in a digital revolution that has morphed into a social
           | media shift. Hardware is too fast for most software, but when
           | it catches up, the results could be mountainous.
           | 
           | I'm a senior citizen now who wishes the next paradigm,
           | whatever it will be (Ai?), will happen so I can see it. As
           | for me, happiness is what you make of it, if I want to be
           | happy I have to work for it. When life sucks, I work back to
           | happiness.
        
             | jamal-kumar wrote:
             | For what it's worth it seems alot of younger people I know
             | are are pretty much mortified about what you're excited
             | about. Aspiring artists or writers who are out of jobs and
             | stuff like that. Anyone I've met this year who is working
             | in the film industry, for another example...
        
               | ACow_Adonis wrote:
               | it is hard to convey to people how much of our modern
               | world are cultural beliefs and how much it's shifted. So
               | much is commerce and IP now. it's horrible.
               | 
               | I openly gave a talk in my primary school pre-1992 (when
               | we moved) about overcoming copy protections. no one
               | thought i was doing anything wrong. I believe i connected
               | to the internet from our home in AUS sometime around 1994
               | (when we moved again) or earlier. I can time it because a
               | mortified little me had to find a way to dispose of a
               | picture of a topless lady i accidentally printed out and
               | i rode all the way down to the local shops to throw out
               | in the bin before we moved. I never realised how cutting
               | edge my father was to get us a home connection at the
               | time.
               | 
               | But anyway i digress. back then it was HOPE that this
               | technology would result in free sharing of art and
               | knowledge that everyone wanted to place online at their
               | own expense. Now it's fear that it will cut people out of
               | commercialisation. Such a depressing dystopia we live in,
               | and such a horrible shift as the Web (and subsequently
               | all our societies) were gradually taken over by
               | commercial culture :(
               | 
               | i can't overstress how important that early internet
               | connection was to me as a child growing up in
               | Australia...
        
               | theobromananda wrote:
               | I agree, culture has been colonised and turned into
               | capital. It is bleak. I often miss the times before
               | everything was connected.
        
       | trh0awayman wrote:
       | The internet underground in the late 90s/early 2000s was
       | absolutely full of Australians. I feel like I hardly encounter
       | them anymore, for some reason.
        
         | MrVandemar wrote:
         | G'day! Logged on '94 or '95 at Edith Cowan University in Perth
         | and was blown away to find an episode guide for a fair chunk of
         | The X-Files Season 2, and we'd only seen the first season! We
         | knew when the "cool" episodes were coming up because we could
         | see William B. Davis (The Cigarette-Smoking Man) in the cast
         | list.
         | 
         | The X-Files is gone, but I'm still here. :-)
        
           | senectus1 wrote:
           | Another Perthonality here :-P
        
         | emunday_bbc wrote:
         | I am extremely disappointed by the distinct lack of "C" words
         | in the replies to this comment... We seem to be forgetting our
         | national identity.
        
         | werrett wrote:
         | We all got jobs in comp security when we turned 20 ;)
        
         | taspeotis wrote:
         | Australian here.
        
         | TMWNN wrote:
         | .-_|\                   /     \           Perth ->*.--._/
         | v  <- Tasmania
        
           | nsonha wrote:
           | Ok but where is that Sydney city?
        
             | retrac wrote:
             | On the southeastern /
        
           | gonzo41 wrote:
           | Hi from Tassie.
        
           | IntelMiner wrote:
           | As someone from Adelaide originally, us being a dot on the
           | map is still pretty accurate
        
         | keepamovin wrote:
         | hey! aussie here
        
           | bradrn wrote:
           | Me too!
        
       | lukeh wrote:
       | A few other data points:
       | 
       | * Around 1993 as a 15yo I wrote (by post!) to AARNet asking about
       | internet access, they kindly wrote back and referred me to a
       | couple of places: APANA and schoolsNET.
       | 
       | * APANA, the Australian Public Access Networking Association, was
       | how 15yo me got UUCP, and eventually 2.4kbps SLIP, access circa
       | 1993. It had all the good things small communities have and many
       | people from that time went on to do very interesting things (e.g.
       | Mark Delany).
       | 
       | * schoolsNET was an interesting ISP I ended up working for,
       | bringing internet access to secondary education way before it was
       | common in Australia.
       | 
       | * Also, don't forget Trumpet Winsock: before Windows 95, it was
       | pretty much _the_ way to connect Windows 3.x systems to IP
       | networks.
       | 
       | * Tangentially related, but don't forget the first port of UNIX
       | was done at the University of Wollongong. Driving past it the
       | other day I was reminded of this.
        
       | tomhoward wrote:
       | My parents would have the ABC news on at home each night, and I'm
       | pretty sure I remember the news item reporting the establishment
       | of that first Internet connection to Australia, into Melbourne
       | University in 1989. I would have been 12 years old, and wasn't
       | much of a computer enthusiast (though we had them at home as my
       | father was an electronics engineer); I just remember seeing it on
       | the news and thinking "that seems important".
       | 
       | Just 6 years later, when I started university (in a course I
       | didn't much care for as no profession or career seemed of much
       | interest), as I sat at a computer lab PC and started perusing the
       | Windows 3.11 desktop, I saw the Netscape icon, clicked on it,
       | started browsing - finding music lyrics and chat boards, and
       | sporting results and transgressive humour, and thought "OK, this
       | is exciting". Pretty soon I was building webpages and thinking
       | about how to turn this into a career.
       | 
       | The first internet-related job I got was for OzEmail, in 1999, in
       | the building that was previously occupied by corporate-focused
       | ISP Access One (OzEmail had acquired it from Solution6). Access
       | One had been founded by a company called Labtam, a company that
       | was formed in 1972 making/importing scientific instruments, then
       | made PCs in the 80s, then in 1989 developed a world-first RISC-
       | based X terminal and started exporting it globally [1][2]. Once I
       | was chatting with a guy I'd gotten to know at OzEmail, who'd
       | started as an Access One phone support rep then learned about
       | Cisco routers and soon became a network engineer, and he pointed
       | into the server room at the rack where he'd installed the first
       | Yahoo mirror in Australia. All this was going on in a nondescript
       | light-industrial area of Braeside in south-eastern Melbourne.
       | There was still a Labtam office in that street when I worked at
       | OzEmail, and old X terminals lying around the office. They let me
       | take one home once and I tried to connect it up to my home
       | network. I didn't get very far, but it was a bit of fun. These
       | days I live past Braeside and occasionally drive down that road
       | and reminisce, lamenting that the people working for the
       | construction and import/export companies occupying those
       | buildings now would have little knowledge or care for what feats
       | of innovation and commerce that had happened there in decades
       | past.
       | 
       | I once had to email Robert Elz in order to apply for a .org.au
       | domain name for a community group I was in. He was cranky that my
       | DNS records weren't set up right, but we got there eventually (he
       | must have been extremely busy and it could often take a long time
       | to get a response; someone once told me gifts of good Scotch
       | could help move things along). I've often wondered what he
       | thought of the way control of the .au tld was given to Melbourne
       | IT, and privatised in a way that enriched the University and also
       | established clients of their IPO underwriters, JB Were. It really
       | didn't seem much in the spirit of the early internet, of which he
       | was such a champion.
       | 
       | Sometimes I think it would be fun to do a bunch of interviews
       | with the people making everything happen back then and make a
       | podcast or video series about it. It was such an exciting time
       | and I feel lucky to have been there when it was just taking off.
       | I'd love to help document it for posterity. (If anybody reading
       | this happens to know of anyone who was at Labtam in the early 90s
       | I'd love an intro.)
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://techmonitor.ai/technology/sun_endorses_labtams_x_ter...
       | 
       | [2] https://www.afr.com/politics/labtam-receivership-after-
       | slow-...
        
         | timcederman wrote:
         | I was reading the comment, thinking "this sounds like someone I
         | know", and then saw the username - hi Tom! :)
        
         | interfixus wrote:
         | Ha, I remember that news item, although from the other end of
         | the world, and not really sure where I read it. The gist was
         | that the first email had been sent to Australia, and I do
         | distinctly remember that Melbourne was the endpoint.
        
           | SulphurCrested wrote:
           | We certainly had email before 1989. I managed systems at
           | another university and had a working .edu.au email address
           | there, email servers and a usenet feed, and had left that job
           | by late 1986. In fact one of my systems was a beta for 4.2
           | BSD and I remember the protocol change to TCP from whatever
           | came before it. At the same time Australia's TLD changed from
           | .oz to .au. Wikipedia says 4.2BSD came out in August 1983, so
           | the 4.1z beta we ran must have come before that.
           | 
           | The University of Melbourne (munnari.oz) had a leased line to
           | DEC's Western Research Labs (decwrl) over which all of
           | Australia's traffic flowed. My systems connected to the
           | Computer Science department's machine, which had a link to
           | munnari. Netnews was an overnight affair, and email slow. It
           | was possible to remotely log in to an MIT system.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | Any truth to early Australian usenet access just being a
             | 10mb tape drive being mailed around (either internally, or
             | internationally?)
        
               | SulphurCrested wrote:
               | Ours was via the network, although I think we didn't take
               | the alt tree.
               | 
               | Unix distributions, on the other hand, arrived on 9-track
               | tape via the "distribution tree". You would get a copy,
               | then make copies and send those on. Bug reports (at least
               | in my experience) went back the same way. I found the TCP
               | URGENT off-by-one bug in the BSD API, and tried to report
               | it to my upstream; it came back "will not fix", but it
               | was unclear whether that was some gatekeeper between me
               | and BSD.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | > I remember the news item reporting the establishment of that
         | first Internet connection to Australia, into Melbourne
         | University in 1989.
         | 
         | One of the reasons I don't live in Melbourne any more but long
         | lived in Palo Alto is that in 1989 I had non-dialup Internet
         | service _in my home_.
         | 
         | (Though more and more I miss Melbourne).
        
         | somishere wrote:
         | I was half your age in 89, so don't remember the news item, but
         | I have strong memories of the Netscape and ozemal icons taking
         | up estate on my step mum's compaq in the mid 90s. She was
         | writing her PhD on it, and technically we weren't even allowed
         | into the "office", let alone on the computer. Yet somehow I
         | found time between 3.15 (when the school bus dropped me
         | outside) and 4.30 (when she got home from uni) to work out what
         | it was, connect and turn on the modem, hunt down the ozemail
         | card and access password (after days of trial and error pw
         | prompt denials), connect, explore first the boundaries of the
         | ozemail portal and then beyond, and ultimately build a number
         | of (local) personal websites using tables and hotlinked
         | pictures that I hid in an official looking folder structure.
         | This probably happened over many months, with the help of
         | various co-conspirators (I would have had little idea of what
         | the internet was before starting out, we had computers in our
         | small state primary school, but the best thing they had on them
         | was sim city). I was finally found out (though not red handed)
         | when she came home early one day and picked up the phone in the
         | living room ... at which point I bolted out the back door.
         | 
         | Funnily I didn't really do any elective computer subjects in
         | high school when they were available, but I did spend a lot of
         | time at home on my step mum's computer, chatting on ICQ, making
         | websites and playing with graphics programs like paint and cool
         | 3d. And eventually won my first computer at the end of high
         | school (from channel V the pay tv music channel in Australia,
         | tho truthfully I was a dyed in the wool rage child) with an
         | animation of a frog jumping into a fan, made with a pirated
         | version of Macromedia flash, downloaded in many chunks over 56k
         | ozemail dialup.
         | 
         | The pioneering efforts of the early Australian net scene was
         | lost on me. But it also shaped me. I'd love to see the doco.
        
         | LAC-Tech wrote:
         | Crazy to think that when Colin Fidge (independently) invented
         | vector clocks in 1988, Australia didn't even have internet.
        
         | jazzyjackson wrote:
         | There's a YouTube channel/patreon you might enjoy called "The
         | Serial Port", some guys refurbishing historical equipment and
         | setting up a 90s era ISP for fun :D
        
       | harry8 wrote:
       | The internet took off in aus due to social networks. The popular
       | ones were all the cc field of email. Many had work addresses
       | first before deciding they wanted that at home. Hotmail worked ok
       | too. There were a lot of weaknesses to that unstructured and
       | decentralised approach to social networks but also something to
       | be said for it that has been lost.
        
       | foobarbazetc wrote:
       | I helped start an early (1998) Australian ISP in Sydney (a modem
       | bank connected to an ISDN line) with a Linux 2.0 infrastructure
       | (Slackware...) and Perl based billing system running on Postgres
       | 96. I was 16.
       | 
       | The early Australian internet was a lot of fun.
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | doctor_eval wrote:
       | > Ownership of the Australian internet was transferred to Telstra
       | in 1995, as private consumers and small businesses began to move
       | online.
       | 
       | A bit of a weird thing to write. Telstra never "owned" the
       | Australian internet, actually they tried very hard to undermine
       | it, with MSN - which most people forget/don't know actually
       | started life as a dialup walled garden.
       | 
       | There was at least one hard working Aussie ISP that had their own
       | international transit - Connect.com. Connect did ultimately drop
       | their independent transit in favour of Telstra, but IIRC that was
       | the end of them - lack of independent transit meant they were
       | paying the same wholesale rate as everyone else. It was sad to
       | see them fail.
       | 
       | Some friends and I founded one of Australia's very early regional
       | ISPs, in Ballarat, and I'm quite proud that I personally gave
       | quite a few people their first experience on the dialup internet.
       | 
       | We ended up buying our own transit too, in fact we were the first
       | Australian ISP to use satellite for backhaul, our transit was
       | commissioned a few weeks before Optus.
       | 
       | Connectivity was charged per byte downloaded, but uploaded was
       | free. So we set up asymmetric routing where downloads came over
       | satellite direct from the USA, while uploads went via Telstra.
       | This dramatically reduced the cost of internet, at the expense of
       | a small amount of latency, which nobody really noticed
       | considering that it was mostly dialup and that terrestrial links
       | were very oversubscribed.
       | 
       | Telstra eventually got wise and started charging for total
       | (up+down) but it was still cheaper to do it our way. I think it
       | worked financially and practically (in terms of latency) until
       | the first big cable was laid, Southern Cross. But by then I was
       | out of the game.
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | Curious what year this would have been? Cool to learn that
         | satellite backhaul was viable.
         | 
         | What did Telstra have/use as offshore transit before that first
         | big cable?
        
           | doctor_eval wrote:
           | It's a long time ago now and I'm quite hazy on the details.
           | Would have been the mid 90s. It must have been 1994-98, and
           | probably we got the satellite link in 96?
           | 
           | I don't remember what Telstra used, I think maybe there was a
           | cable going to Singapore? But I'm not at all certain about
           | that.
        
       | bjt12345 wrote:
       | Sadly, Australia missed great many opportunities when it came to
       | the internet.
        
         | dkdbejwi383 wrote:
         | Do you care to elaborate?
        
           | DougMerritt wrote:
           | They very likely will not elaborate, since I see that since
           | 2018 they've made only about a dozen comments, 3 of which
           | were nothing but "."
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | shric wrote:
           | I live in the Sydney Central Business District.
           | 
           | 1 USD = 1.55 AUD. All other numbers below are Mbps.
           | 
           | I pay 99 AUD per month for 250 down, 25 up.
           | 
           | If I want 1000 down, 50 up, it's 149 AUD per month.
           | 
           | If I want 1000 down, 400 up, it's 329 AUD per month.
           | 
           | If I want 1000 symmetrical, well I haven't even bothered to
           | check because that's a business service.
           | 
           | Meanwhile I believe people in Zurich can get 10000 down/up
           | for approximately what I pay for 250/25.
           | 
           | Of course, Australia is much larger than Switzerland by area,
           | but that's no excuse for such slow speeds in Sydney. I would
           | much prefer 1G or 10G symmetrical even if it was shaped down
           | once leaving Sydney or Australia.
        
           | ClassyJacket wrote:
           | In 2008 we started installing gigabit fibre to every home,
           | but a conservative government got in power in 2013 and
           | stopped it, replacing it with 25mbit VDSL. Ours doesn't work
           | when it's raining!
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | Australian internet is low quality as the conservative party
           | (confusingly for Americans named the Liberal Party) stopped
           | investing in it and it never recovered.
           | 
           | They also produce good CS research and can't seem to
           | productize any of it; the best known tech employer is the
           | company that makes Jira.
        
           | thisiswater wrote:
           | The rollout of the national fibre network, "NBN", was eaten
           | alive by politicking and conflicted interests.
           | 
           | C.f.: Renewable energy.
           | 
           | Neoliberalism has done/is doing terrible things to the public
           | services in this country.
        
       | Veliladon wrote:
       | It was out of necessity because transit was fucking expensive
       | back in the '90s. You had a national monopoly basically with a
       | single cable to the US. Any other transit was satellite and had
       | piss poor latency. Our ISPs had metered traffic (traffic that
       | went out to that external monopoly) and unmetered traffic (stuff
       | that stayed local inside peering points) so of course a lot of
       | our local services grew up around the far cheaper peering points
       | like PIPE, WAIX, SAIX and so on.
        
         | techsupporter wrote:
         | > Our ISPs had metered traffic (traffic that went out to that
         | external monopoly)
         | 
         | I remember hitting FTP sites that would check to see if you
         | were in Australia or New Zealand and would bounce you out if
         | you weren't. Some of the earliest form of "geolocation". A
         | popular Linux or w4r3z release would drop and you'd always know
         | you were in for a long night when only the .au servers were
         | replying...and turning away your login.
         | 
         | It reminds me of the joke poem:
         | 
         | "A host is a host from coast to coast,
         | 
         | and nobody talks to a host that's close,
         | 
         | unless the host that isn't close
         | 
         | is busy, hung, or dead."
        
       | nickdothutton wrote:
       | I was hoping for some mention of OzEmail (largest mail service in
       | the southern hemisphere at the time. My firm acquired the company
       | December 1998. The 90s were indeed golden years.
        
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       (page generated 2023-09-24 23:01 UTC)