[HN Gopher] Tire dust makes up the majority of ocean microplastics
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       Tire dust makes up the majority of ocean microplastics
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 480 points
       Date   : 2023-10-01 15:01 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.thedrive.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.thedrive.com)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | Also
       | 
       | - 90% of emissions come from off road vehicles (agriculture,
       | mining, etc), not in road vehicles.
       | 
       | - Most of the electricity for EV charging stations is not green.
       | 
       | EVs are a way to shift blame for pollution to the public so that
       | corporations can continue doing business as usual. Want to fix
       | pollution? blame yourself while I continue to make money.
        
       | richjdsmith wrote:
       | With the continued shift to EVs, petrol taxes just don't make
       | sense as a form of taxation to pay for roads. I think we should
       | be shifting entirely to a gross curb weight tax for all vehicles.
       | The fourth power law states that the greater the axle load of a
       | vehicle, the stress on the road caused by the motor vehicle
       | increases in proportion to the fourth power of the axle load.
       | Meaning heavier EVs _cough hummer_ , are doing x^4 damage over my
       | already heavy car.
       | 
       | Capturing vehicle taxes by weight should incentivize lighter
       | vehicles, and therefore, less tire wear.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_power_law
        
         | j-bos wrote:
         | Why not just tax tires?
        
         | eep_social wrote:
         | Just let's please not require a government-approved mileage
         | tracking device to make sure that each vehicle is charged it's
         | fair share. That's one really nice property of gas taxes they
         | will be hard to replace without going full dystopia, and there
         | is a significant contingent that doesn't give a shit about the
         | privacy and security implications.
        
           | nhumrich wrote:
           | Every car already has a way to track its own mileage without
           | requiring GPS
        
             | cheschire wrote:
             | I remember replacing the worm gear on my odometer and
             | wondering how many miles were "lost" from it while it
             | wasn't turning during those 6 months or so that I was
             | getting around to the project.
             | 
             | Not that I'm advocating a Orwellian tracking system be
             | installed. Just saying I can see how existing systems could
             | be argued against.
        
             | eep_social wrote:
             | Not all states require periodic inspections. Who will be
             | checking those odometers? Is it the honor system or are we
             | requiring a third party inspection?
        
               | tadfisher wrote:
               | They should require periodic inspections. Too many
               | vehicles here are too dangerous for public roads, and
               | having bald tires, no brakes, and rusted out suspension
               | just makes them worse.
        
               | jdeibele wrote:
               | In Oregon, there are two metro areas (Portland and
               | Medford) where vehicles must be tested because of air
               | pollution concerns. If you have a pre-2005 vehicle, I'm
               | pretty sure they still use a measuring device to see how
               | many pollutants your car generates. For model year 2005
               | and later, they hook their computer to your car's OBDII
               | port and ask the car's computer how it's feeling. If the
               | computer says "fine", they pass you and you can renew
               | your registration.
               | 
               | Comparatively recently, they let mechanics and quick
               | change oil places do the test for 2005 and later cars,
               | giving them the option of charging a fee for it.
               | 
               | Oregon doesn't have vehicle safety inspections but it
               | doesn't seem unreasonable that I could go to the official
               | DEQ or DMV locations if I wanted to have my mileage
               | inspected or maybe pay Jiffy Lube a bit extra because
               | they're closer and their hours are more convenient.
               | 
               | The issue with that is that, though, is the same problem
               | with taxes: many (most?) people aren't going to want to
               | come up with the money to pay their mileage bill on the
               | spot. There don't seem to be great answers for that.
               | 
               | Oregon has a pilot program where they put a device in
               | your car and charge your credit card 1.9 cents per mile.
               | https://www.myorego.org I'm sure that's what they'd like
               | to have people do but I don't know how many people want
               | to do that.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | All 50 states will adopt them if federal highway funding
               | becomes contingent on having them.
        
             | yellow_postit wrote:
             | Not every state has inspections. So the infrastructure to
             | check/validate odometer readings is lacking.
             | 
             | Maybe some yearly assertion of mileage and random selection
             | rate yearly would suffice.
        
               | avalys wrote:
               | All you need to do is require people to report their
               | odometer reading when they renew their vehicle
               | registration, and have huge penalties for willful mis-
               | reporting. Traffic stops and service records at tire
               | shops, oil change places, etc. provide plenty of evidence
               | to prosecute someone, and if the penalties are severe
               | enough, the threat of enforcement will be enough to keep
               | most people honest.
        
           | wnoise wrote:
           | A tire tax would also work, except for the unfortunate safety
           | implications.
        
             | eep_social wrote:
             | Yup. The second order effects are tricky. Gas tax was an
             | elegant solution that will not be easy to replace.
        
             | PartiallyTyped wrote:
             | It would most likely hurt the working class more than
             | anyone else.
        
           | morelisp wrote:
           | Yeah, my car should be tracked by its manufacturer, my cell
           | carrier, my phone, the mapping software in my GPS, the four
           | random apps I gave location permission to and forgot about,
           | the traffic cameras, my neighbor's door cameras, but god
           | forbid the government actually trying to reduce pollution by
           | getting a raw distance number once a year.
        
         | notatoad wrote:
         | > as a form of taxation to pay for roads
         | 
         | at least in the US, and i believe most countries, gas taxes
         | haven't really paid for roads for a long time. Gas taxes go
         | into the general fund, and road maintenance and construction
         | comes out of the general fund, but gas taxes cover less than
         | half the cost of roads.
        
         | artisanspam wrote:
         | The Ford F150 is the best selling car in the US by a long-shot
         | and it's a gas guzzler. Given that, I don't think consumers
         | care a lot about how much they pay in taxes when deciding on a
         | vehicle to purchase.
         | 
         | I don't think this'd have the incentive that you're suggesting
         | it would unless something else is done, such as increasing the
         | tax overall.
        
           | wcunning wrote:
           | The most popular F150s are significantly less gas guzzling
           | than my 2005 sedan that I replaced with an F150. Not to
           | mention that my F150 is more capable in winter conditions
           | (major importance in Michigan) and more capable for the DIY
           | stuff I do (I actually do regularly get lumber, plywood,
           | drywall and other things that only fit in the 8ft bed that I
           | actually bought). All while using less gas... Efficiency has
           | gone up markedly in the 13 years between that 2005 and the
           | 2018 F150 I bought. The weird thing is that you can get an
           | F150 with significantly better real world mileage than an
           | Escape, which is massively smaller, lighter, more
           | aerodynamic, etc. Consumers are smarter than you're giving
           | them credit for here.
        
             | OxO4 wrote:
             | How so? The 2023 models of the F150 seem to get about 17.19
             | MPG [0] which is significantly worse than the 32.34 MPG [1]
             | of the 2023 Escape.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.fuelly.com/car/ford/f-150/2023
             | 
             | [1] https://www.fuelly.com/car/ford/escape/2023
        
             | reducesuffering wrote:
             | A new F150 is getting 19 city / 24 highway, while ten year
             | old Prius are getting more than double that at 45mpg. Every
             | single trip you make in an F150 without lumber is more than
             | double the gas guzzling than current state of the art. New
             | Prius are 57mpg and AWD. And I've fit tons of plywood,
             | furniture, and even a 50 gal. water heater in my Prius.
        
               | fooblaster wrote:
               | Not to mention how dangerous these large trucks like the
               | F150 are to pedestrians. It's a real shame vehicles like
               | this have been normalized.
        
         | teruakohatu wrote:
         | > With the continued shift to EVs, petrol taxes just don't make
         | sense as a form of taxation to pay for roads.
         | 
         | In New Zealand soon EVs will face Road User Charges, which mean
         | they pay a per km tax as all diesel vehicles do today. The tax
         | is based on the class of vehicle and so EVs won't be charged
         | more than a diesel cars.
        
           | rodgerd wrote:
           | Unfortunately the RUC in New Zealand is strongly regressive,
           | with massive subsidies for heavy vehicles.
        
         | mnahkies wrote:
         | New Zealand plans to charge road user charges for EVs next year
         | AFAIK. This is a per km tax, though don't believe it has a
         | weight consideration
        
           | wldlyinaccurate wrote:
           | All vehicles in NZ pay road user charges; EVs have just been
           | exempt to encourage uptake. There are RUC weight classes but
           | they only exist to separate light (<3500kg) and heavy
           | (>=3500kg) vehicles rather than distinguish between a Nissan
           | Leaf (1600kg) and a Ford Ranger (2100kg).
        
             | verve_rat wrote:
             | Uh, no. All non-petrol powered vehicles pay road user
             | charges.
             | 
             | For petrol vehicles we tax the petrol instead. This is
             | because the cost of compliance is much cheaper (for the
             | government and the car owner) if we tax the petrol. We
             | don't do that for desil vehicles because a large about of
             | desil is used by farm equipment and other off road
             | vehicles. It's easier to do road user charges than to have
             | a refund scheme for desil taxes.
        
         | bdcravens wrote:
         | Texas is applying an annual surcharge on EV registrations of
         | $200/year (as a dual EV family in Texas, I can't disagree with
         | the logic)
        
         | epivosism wrote:
         | Isn't the proper tax on tires? The more you shed, the faster
         | they need replacement. So cars which shed a lot of
         | microplastics would both use up more tires, AND would pay more
         | tax. So as the tax increases we correctly linearly decrease
         | tire use.
         | 
         | It would be a mistake to over-punish EV users compared to ICE
         | just because the _average_ weight of an EV is heavier. (We know
         | the weights, we don 't need to average by class)
         | 
         | This would reward companies for inventing tech which would wear
         | our fewer tires, leading to less pollution.
        
           | Kirby64 wrote:
           | This is two different things though.
           | 
           | Road use tax is intended to be used to pay for road
           | maintenance and infrastructure. It's why if you live on a
           | farm you can get tax-free diesel that is dyed red. You aren't
           | using the road/infrastructure, so you shouldn't need to pay
           | the tax.
           | 
           | If the goal is to reduce tire microplastics, the tax should
           | be specifically based on tire lifespan, which is already well
           | known. It's called UTQG.
           | 
           | Today we tend to conflate tax on pollution and tax on
           | infrastructure though, since gas guzzler cars use much more
           | gas (and cause more pollution, theoritically, all else equal)
           | than the wear on the roads themselves. If this was truly
           | about taxing externalities, it would be 3 taxes. Tax based on
           | weight, tax based on efficiency, and tax based on tire tread
           | life.
        
             | owlstuffing wrote:
             | >Today we tend to conflate tax...
             | 
             | Today we conflate supplying more of our earnings to the
             | government and solutions to problems.
        
               | Kirby64 wrote:
               | The alternative being government restrictions or bans on
               | 'high particulate' tires or something of that nature, if
               | the aim is to fix tire dust.
               | 
               | Which of the two seems more feasible? An outright ban, or
               | an economic incentive that encourages consumers to choose
               | lower particulate tires which thereby applies economic
               | pressure to tire companies?
        
       | dunnelbloom wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | I'm not surprised. Americans alone traveled a staggering 3.26T
       | (yes, TRILLION) miles (5.24T km) in 2022. [1] That's a metric
       | shit ton of tire wear particles leaking into the environment.
       | 
       | This is a direct result of how shitty our cities are designed.
       | Single zoned swaths of land. High dependency on car centric
       | transportation. None to minimal alternatives for anything else.
       | Massive subsidies for various road infrastructure across all
       | levels of government. Billions of dollars of handouts (sorry,
       | "subsidies") for O&G industry which generates trillions of
       | profits collectively...
       | 
       | There's only so much a single person can do. We need regulation
       | at all levels of government. O&G and auto industries need to
       | start paying reparations. Producers of plastics need to be taxed,
       | regulated, monitored. Cities need to be redesigned/rebuilt.
       | 
       | [1] https://afdc.energy.gov/data/mobile/10315
        
       | hbarka wrote:
       | Curious which is worse for our health and environment, tire dust
       | or brake dust?
        
       | nologic01 wrote:
       | This is a strong a warning as any for people not to get too hang
       | up on greenhouse gas emissions as the holy grail of
       | sustainability. It creates the wrong mindset.
       | 
       | What we have drifted into is a tech supported civilization that
       | is covering the planet from corner to corner with myriad of
       | footprints (emissions, particulate and chemical pollution of all
       | types, habitat alteration or destruction etc).
       | 
       | The story of ozon layer depletion was an early warning.
       | Greenhouses another dimension. Microplastics and nitrates another
       | etc etc, with no end in sight.
       | 
       | Imagine homo sapiens communities spread around in the billions
       | and a steady stream of polluting stuff emanating from them, not
       | temporarily but continuously and _forever_.
       | 
       | This is the challenge we are facing and its monumental. How to
       | take that out-of-control, scant regard for externalities tech
       | enabled economic "growth" mindset and turn it around.
       | 
       | Bold ideas are welcome. Burrying heads in the sand not an option.
        
         | trgn wrote:
         | > Bold ideas are welcome. Burrying heads in the sand not an
         | option.
         | 
         | It's simple. It's more mobility options, especially safe active
         | transportation. EVs are still cars. It's a change in the
         | margin. What is really needed is people biking, walking for
         | their daily errands instead of using a car.
         | 
         | As for the safe part, it does not require anything special. The
         | aspirational world of the future will be made real with
         | bollards and trees. The american brain today cannot comprehend
         | this. Yet it is a certainty.
        
           | avalys wrote:
           | You're basically saying that you want to force everyone to
           | live in a city - a super dense developed area where all your
           | daily needs are within walking distance. Not everyone wants
           | to live in a city!
        
       | kylebenzle wrote:
       | I worked on a phd for 4 years looking into this problem
       | indirectly and for a decade at Ohio State they have had working
       | solutions to the tire dust issue but it is IMPOSSIBLE to get
       | funding.
       | 
       | A Billion dollar industry and NO ONE cares about cleaning it up
       | if it means increasing costs by 5% or more.
       | 
       | It has been WELL KNOWN for 50 years! We are basically
       | aerosolizing carbon in MASSIVE amounts right where we live and
       | work. Almost like we are purposefully manufacturing microplastics
       | and dumping them in the air as fast as we can. Imagine taking
       | every new tire and just grinding it down into a fine dust then
       | blowing in into the air and dumping it into the rivers. That is
       | what we are doing, AS FAST AS WE CAN.
       | 
       | (For anyone that cares, the solution is natural rubber, which
       | costs slight more than synthetic rubber but lasts longer. So its
       | better for consumers, cheaper all around, and 1,000x better for
       | the environment but Goodyear, Firestone and Michelin flat out
       | refuse to fund research or even block innovation in natural
       | rubber.
       | 
       | [1] https://hcs.osu.edu/our-people/dr-katrina-cornish
        
         | XorNot wrote:
         | Why would natural rubber be better then synthetic rubber for
         | this problem? Asbestos is natural and toxic as hell.
         | 
         | Natural rubber currently has the property of being mostly
         | inside trees not being ground up into a fine powder - but
         | there's no obvious reason at scale it would be any better
         | except in terms of "slightly less wear over time".
         | 
         | Is it's chemistry fundamentally different?
        
         | sesuximo wrote:
         | If I want to buy a good-for-the environment tire, what should I
         | buy? I don't care about the price unless it's insane
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | Steel wheels.
        
           | whaleofatw2022 wrote:
           | Something with a low durometer that rides harsh. Ironically
           | may be worse gas mileage than other tires.
        
           | xnx wrote:
           | Keep your tires properly inflated. Go easy on the accelerator
           | and brake pedal. You'll be doing much more than the average
           | person.
        
         | paddy_m wrote:
         | Can natural rubber be made as soft as synthetic rubber? What
         | kind of rubber is used on race cars (and dirt bikes)? Cost is
         | much less of an issue for those markets.
        
           | bri3d wrote:
           | Natural rubber is used extensively in higher-end applications
           | (race cars, trucks, aircraft). However, almost all tires are
           | some hybrid of the two. Generally, natural rubber is used in
           | the construction of the tire "carcass" and sidewalls while
           | synthetic rubber (compounded with a gazillion and one other
           | things) is used to construct the tread.
           | 
           | The basic issues are pretty intuitive:
           | 
           | * The supply of natural rubber is constrained by the ability
           | to grow the plants which produce it.
           | 
           | * It's hard to make synthetic rubber with polymer chains as
           | long as those in natural rubber (isoprene), so natural rubber
           | tends to be more pliable and stronger, while synthetic rubber
           | (styrene) tends to sheer off into microparticles.
           | 
           | * However, natural rubber degrades more rapidly when heated
           | and cooled, and is more difficult to control in order to
           | achieve a desired level of stickiness at a given temperature
           | (which is basically what tires are aiming for).
           | 
           | I think that OP's research would be quite interesting to
           | learn about more, as my understanding is that tire
           | manufacturers employ hundreds of chemists who are dedicated
           | full-time to attempting to replicate natural rubber
           | synthetically in an efficient way.
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | > Goodyear, Firestone and Michelin flat out refuse to fund
         | research or even block innovation
         | 
         | What's in it for them? Keeping bad press about tires out of the
         | public view? Fear of lower profit margins?
        
         | chmod600 wrote:
         | Chemically speaking, how is natural rubber different from
         | plastic while still having such similar properties?
        
           | kylebenzle wrote:
           | Great question! Its super simple, it is ONLY the length of
           | the hydrocarbon chain, a better quality natural rubber has
           | really long chains (10,000+ atoms long) that last a LONG time
           | and are VERY stretchy. Synthetic rubber (or plastic) is
           | shorter (1,000 atoms long) and doesn't last as long.
           | 
           | Thats it, it is the exact same "product" just a chain that
           | gets longer and longer and changes its physical properties as
           | it grows.
        
             | traveler01 wrote:
             | Noob here, but aren't the best tires made from natural
             | rubber? Or am I mistaken?
        
             | alt227 wrote:
             | Genuinely interested here. If natural rubber and plastic
             | are exactly the same thing, then why is natural rubber
             | being advocated as a much more environmentally sound
             | alternative? Would'nt the dust from natural rubber tyres be
             | just as problematic as the plastic is now?
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | Yes this is exactly my question as well.
               | 
               | Is the dust just as bad for the environment, but natural
               | rubber wears more slowly due to the longer chains?
               | 
               | Or is the dust somehow a less harmful kind of dust?
        
             | spqr0a1 wrote:
             | It's more than just the chain length. The most common
             | synthetic rubbers are styrene-butadiene copolymers. Natural
             | rubber is polyisoprene. While it is true that shorter chain
             | synthetic polyisoprene is available, it is a much smaller
             | part of the market than styrene-butadiene.
        
               | dpeckett wrote:
               | Does look like both natural and synthetic polyisoprene is
               | at-least somewhat biodegradeable:
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC92035/
        
         | clnq wrote:
         | I'm curious to hear some thoughts of an expert - how much does
         | natural rubber reduce the pollution for 100 miles driven by a
         | tyre? Can you think of any alternative technical solutions? Can
         | you think of any political solutions?
        
         | blackoil wrote:
         | Would it be still cheaper if all tires are made from natural
         | rubber. We shouldn't have old forests destroyed for rubber
         | plantations.
        
           | kylebenzle wrote:
           | There are two main working solutions that have ALREADY been
           | used and proven to work since WWII.
           | 
           | First: a fungal disease has wiped out ALL the rubber trees in
           | south america, thats why we cant grow in it the Western
           | hemisphere, a fungus. If we could grow it here we would and
           | it would drop the price by A LOT. But, we already have a
           | solution, a transgenic species that is resistant, nonsense
           | Government regulation and moronic "public opinion" is the
           | only thing stopping this from fixing the rubber problem
           | overnight.
           | 
           | Second: sounds funny, but ever break a dandelion stem in half
           | and see the white stuff come out? That latex, PURE high
           | quality latex. Let that latex air dry and you rubber! No
           | refinement necessary. During WWII they supplied most of the
           | war effort with rubber from dandelions! Yes, it works, its
           | not efficient but progress has been made and with ANY funding
           | at all it could easily produce enough higher quality natural
           | rubber for ALL our need and enough to export.
           | 
           | The ONLY problem is that companies make too much money
           | producing low quality "disposable" tires that they will NEVER
           | switch.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6073688/ [2]
           | https://hcs.osu.edu/our-people/dr-katrina-cornish
        
             | westurner wrote:
             | "Rubber Made From Dandelions is Making Tires More
             | Sustainable - Truly a Wondrous Plant" (2021)
             | https://www.goodnewsnetwork.org/dandelions-produce-more-
             | sust... :
             | 
             | [I'll leave in the hashtags from when I wrote this up to
             | remind myself at the time:]
             | 
             | #DandelionRubber Tires; #Taraxagum
             | 
             | > Aiding the bees and our environment
             | 
             | > _Now, Continental Tires is producing #dandelion rubber
             | tires called #Taraxagum (which is the genus name of the
             | species). The bicycle version of their tires even won the
             | German #Sustainability Award 2021 for sustainable design.,_
             | 
             | > _"The fact that we came out on top among 54 finalists
             | shows that our Urban Taraxagum bicycle tire is a unique
             | product that contributes to the development of a new,
             | alternative and sustainable supply of raw materials,"
             | stated Dr. Carla Recker, head of development for the
             | Taraxagum project._
             | 
             | > _The report from DW added that the performance of
             | dandelion tires was better in some cases than natural
             | rubber--which is typically blended with synthetic rubber._
             | 
             | > _Capable of growing, as we all know, practically
             | anywhere, dandelion needs very little accommodation in a
             | country or business's agriculture profile. The #Taraxagum
             | research team at Continental hypothesizes they could even
             | be grown in the polluted land on or around old industrial
             | parks._
             | 
             | > Furthermore, the only additive needed during the rubber
             | extraction process is hot #water, _unlike Hevea which
             | requires the use of organic solvents that pose a pollution
             | risk if they're not disposed of properly._
             | 
             | > _Representing a critical early-season food supply for
             | dwindling #bees and a valuable source of super-nutritious
             | food for humans, dandelions can also be turned into coffee,
             | give any child a good time blowing apart their seeds--and,
             | now, as a new source for rubber in the world; truly a
             | wondrous plant._
             | 
             | Taraxacum: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taraxacum
        
               | Logans_Run wrote:
               | A less hashtag version: https://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/Crop
               | Op/en/indus_misc/chemical/r...
               | 
               |  _Other Common Names Include: Dandelion, Kazak dandelion,
               | TKS, rubber root. Latin Name: Taraxacum kok-saghyz
               | 
               | Dandelion roots also contain substantial amounts of the
               | starch inulin, which can be fermented to produce fuel
               | ethanol._
               | 
               | USDA Report from 1947 entitled "Russian Dandelion, an
               | Emergency Source of Natural Rubber" https://archive.org/d
               | etails/russiandandelion618whal/page/n1/...
        
             | Hel5inki wrote:
             | There are many people who would be willing to buy these
             | tires if your claims of being more cost-effective and
             | better for the environment are actually true. You have a
             | PhD in this, so why aren't you doing it?
        
             | dpeckett wrote:
             | Interestingly my great grandfather headed up research
             | efforts on breeding fungal resistant rubber trees at a
             | national research institute in now Sri Lanka. Man he'd be
             | rolling in his grave at the thought of public opinion and
             | cheap (and non-biodegradable) synthetics holding back
             | natural rubber production.
             | 
             | Synthetic rubber being the largest microplastic source in
             | the world is an incredibly stroke of irony. Reminds me of
             | us discovering that adding tetra ethyl lead to fuel might
             | not be a wonderful idea.
        
             | pstuart wrote:
             | Fascinating fact about dandelions! A nice Fraunhofer video:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bvVJL2GYRHY
        
             | pierat wrote:
             | Well you can't make things TOO good! How else would you
             | sell more shit to the proles?
             | 
             | We were (or at least I was) told in school that capitalism
             | allowed our civilization to make and sell things we used to
             | only dream about. And when I learned the truth, it was that
             | capitalism was only concerned with how much to sell. If
             | that meant making your products cheaper/worse/less durable
             | on a creeping basis, then that's what the company did.
             | 
             | Capitalism itself is subject to enshittification that
             | affects all products and services.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | > _the solution is natural rubber, which costs slight more than
         | synthetic rubber but lasts longer. So its better for consumers,
         | cheaper all around, and 1,000x better for the environment_
         | 
         | Is it? I'm Googling but can't find any evidence for that.
         | 
         | Natural rubber tires still produce tons of dust, I can't find
         | any reference to it being less harmful in our lungs, and even
         | natural tire rubber seems to biodegrade on the order of
         | _thousands_ of years.
         | 
         | Natural tire rubber is still extremely processed. It's nothing
         | like the raw latex that comes out of the plant.
         | 
         | So how is it 1000x better for the environment? Or even 2x
         | better, honestly?
         | 
         | I'd love to believe it, but I'm surprised I can't find any
         | references easily. Everything I can find refers to it being
         | more sustainable to manufacture. Nothing about its effects on
         | pollution.
        
         | kwhitefoot wrote:
         | We already use a lot of natural rubber in tyres. At least in
         | the winter here in Norway. And those tyres are made by Nokian,
         | Michelin et al.
        
       | standardUser wrote:
       | Can someone explain why rubber - not a plastic - makes up the
       | majority of plastic in the ocean? They do say "synthetic rubber",
       | but from what I am reading those are also not considered a type
       | of plastic. Not that the definition matters too much, but I think
       | it's important not to use language that could be construed as
       | being purposefully disingenuous to make an argument seem more
       | dramatic, since doing so undermines the argument.
        
         | anon84873628 wrote:
         | Most writing uses "plastic" to mean any synthetic polymer, even
         | non-organic ones like silicone. I don't think this is
         | deliberately disingenuous or even ignorant; it would simply be
         | awkward and mostly irrelevant to use precise technical terms
         | every time.
         | 
         | Technically rubber is elastic, not plastic. But even
         | "thermosetting plastics" aren't physically plastic _anymore_.
         | Silicone is synthetic but not organic, while lots of organic
         | polymers aren 't synthetic. All the public really cares about
         | is "shit that doesn't belong in the ocean".
        
         | c54 wrote:
         | Synthetic rubber is a type of plastic
        
           | standardUser wrote:
           | Citation please.
        
             | redwall_hp wrote:
             | A dictionary would suffice.
             | 
             | "Plastic" is a general term that covers any polymer-based
             | material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic
             | 
             | Tires are made of synthetic elastomers which are all
             | polymers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_rubber
             | 
             | Elasticity has no bearing on whether something is a plastic
             | or not, and any attempt to use it as a distinction would be
             | pointlessly arbitrary. Silicone is certainly a polymer...
        
             | usrusr wrote:
             | Any elasticity threshold you might come up with to separate
             | one from the other would be completely arbitrary
        
       | choeger wrote:
       | > Indeed, the scale of these emissions is significant.
       | Particulate emissions from tires and brakes, particularly in the
       | PM2.5 and PM10 size ranges, are believed to exceed the mass of
       | tailpipe emissions from modern vehicle fleets, as per a study
       | published in Science of the Total Environment this year.
       | 
       | This simply cannot be true. Tailpipe emissions have more mass
       | than the gasoline that gets burned. A car uses several liters od
       | gasoline per 100km. I am pretty sure no car loses several
       | kilograms of tire or brake matter over 100km.
        
         | Cort3z wrote:
         | Exactly. Not saying this is good news either way, but I can go
         | multiple years on a set of tires, and majority of the mass is
         | still there when I go to charge tires.
         | 
         | Perhaps they mean just the mass in the pm2.5-pm10 size
         | spectrum?
        
           | anon84873628 wrote:
           | Indeed, the sentence says "particulate emissions" not gaseous
           | emissions.
        
         | anon84873628 wrote:
         | They are talking about particles in the PM2.5 and PM10 size
         | range, not the mass of all emissions...
        
         | comradesmith wrote:
         | Aren't a lot of the tailpipe emissions gaseous? Like carbon
         | dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and water?
        
       | bilsbie wrote:
       | I wonder if we could switch to a biodegradable plastic.
        
         | blueflow wrote:
         | biodegradable vs durable, pick one.
        
           | RetroTechie wrote:
           | The article mentions that tire dust largely consists of
           | "ultrafine" particles (<100nm).
           | 
           | Perhaps it's possible to use compounds for which precisely
           | those fine particles bio-degrade quicker than for currently
           | used compounds?
           | 
           | Big-object & fine particle properties are different enough to
           | look into this, no?
        
         | caymanjim wrote:
         | I would really prefer that my tires not biodegrade.
        
           | clnq wrote:
           | What if they're biodegradable far outside their useful
           | lifespan, or only when a chemical is applied to them in a
           | controlled way?
        
       | mlsu wrote:
       | Has anyone here ever lived near a freeway or even moderately busy
       | road?
       | 
       | I made the mistake of renting next to the freeway. Noise was
       | perfectly tolerable, but I could not use my back porch, because
       | after just a few weeks, everything had a fine coating of black
       | dust. I could not keep my windows open in the summer. I was
       | certainly breathing this vile shit the entire time I lived there.
       | 
       | This doesn't surprise me in the least. Every time it rained you
       | could see streaks of black sediment trails where rivulets would
       | collect and concentrate it. It flowed completely unfiltered
       | straight into the ocean. Poison.
       | 
       | The negative externalities around cars are incomprehensibly huge.
       | And yet, we have more of them than ever, they are getting bigger
       | and bigger, and they laugh in our face with "green leaf" or
       | "PZEV" decals. It's demonic.
        
         | baggy_trough wrote:
         | The positive externalities are even more enormous, which is a
         | problem for environmentalists.
        
           | robocat wrote:
           | > positive externalities
           | 
           | I really don't think you meant to use the word externality
           | here. And the other replies so far are not about positive
           | externalities.
           | 
           | Perhaps roads are an indirect positive externality - roads
           | are useful for bikes and buses, also useful for demarcation
           | between properties or areas and addressing!!!
           | 
           | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/externality.asp
        
           | whoknowsidont wrote:
           | >The positive externalities are even more enormous
           | 
           | What do cars specifically positively provide? NOT including
           | the positives that exists due to constructing infrastructure
           | around that mode of transportation (artificial issues).
        
             | high_priest wrote:
             | I am a person that has actively chosen to live without a
             | car, despite work in automotive industry. Recently I wanted
             | to take my vintage computer in a large crate, to a LAN
             | meeting, but I would not be able to transport it without a
             | car. Which forced me to order a taxi, which is a car for
             | hire... I maybe could have been fine with a cargo bike, but
             | it would not be satisyingly safe for me or the cargo. I
             | have also heard the perspective of children safety. When
             | they need to be transported to a communal education center,
             | it is said to be much safer and convenient to put them in a
             | large, crashproof car, than stuffing them in a bicycle
             | trolley while it is raining.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
             | CharlieDigital wrote:
             | Mobility; unfortunately, the public transit infrastructure
             | in the US isn't that great and the sprawl means that cars
             | have become a necessity.
             | 
             | Many areas simply can't be served efficiently by transit.
        
               | burkaman wrote:
               | That isn't an externality, that's just the direct
               | function of a car.
        
               | TaylorAlexander wrote:
               | But this is not an inherent property of cars. It is only
               | true because we invested all our transit dollars in
               | highways. Cars are not inherently better and roads are
               | not free. If we invest more in public transit we can
               | reduce our need for cars.
        
               | CharlieDigital wrote:
               | Agree, but there's no political will and even if there
               | was, it would take decades.
        
               | baggy_trough wrote:
               | I'd like to know why you think cars are not inherently
               | better as it seems very obvious that they are. That is
               | why people overwhelmingly prefer to use them.
        
               | naavis wrote:
               | In places with decent public transportation people do not
               | overwhelmingly prefer cars.
        
               | tmnvix wrote:
               | For a start, you have to store them at either end of your
               | journey.
        
               | derkades wrote:
               | Only when infrastructure is built in a way that makes
               | cars the most convenient option.
        
               | Mawr wrote:
               | No mode of transportation is truly inherently better
               | since they all have unique strong and weak points, but...
               | 
               | Cars as the main method of transportation are obviously
               | _not_ good. They 're too inefficient, no matter how you
               | look at them. Manufacturing, infrastructure requirements,
               | footprint per person, energy use, impact on human health
               | and the environment. Cars suck.
               | 
               | People use whatever's most convenient and that's
               | realistically going to be whatever the government has
               | invested in the most.
               | 
               | The more car dependent a society, the more degenerate it
               | is. This is hard to understand due to how car-infested
               | most of the world is. Watch some videos by the Not Just
               | Bikes channel on youtube [1] to see what the world
               | _could_ look like instead. Here 's some poignant examples
               | (direct links): [2][3][4][5].
               | 
               | And here's an obscure video that exemplifies what's wrong
               | with car culture:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWi4gHm6pjQ. This is what
               | a brainwashed society thinks like.
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.youtube.com/@NotJustBikes
               | 
               | [2]: https://youtu.be/muPcHs-E4qc?t=464
               | 
               | [3]: https://youtu.be/AOc8ASeHYNw?t=204
               | 
               | [4]: https://youtu.be/oHlpmxLTxpw?t=361
               | 
               | [5]: https://youtu.be/c1l75QqRR48?t=290
        
               | V__ wrote:
               | People prefer a lot of things, it's almost never an
               | indicator for what is better or worse. By most metrics,
               | cars are a worse alternative. However, if the
               | infrastructure has already been built around cars, it's
               | hard to change that.
        
               | whoknowsidont wrote:
               | >NOT including the positives that exists due to
               | constructing infrastructure around that mode of
               | transportation
               | 
               | This is what this statement was trying to address. If we
               | built everything around using ziplines we couldn't go "OF
               | COURSE ziplines provide a net positive." That'd be an
               | incredibly silly statement.
        
             | suprfnk wrote:
             | Being by far the most convenient way to travel from home to
             | pretty much any random location.
             | 
             | Speaking from the Netherlands with a relatively good public
             | transit system.
        
               | hgomersall wrote:
               | That's not an externality. That's what you pay for.
        
             | baggy_trough wrote:
             | A huge boost to economic productivity and growth by
             | increasing the flexibility of land usage, for example.
        
           | globular-toast wrote:
           | Positive externalities? How does someone else driving a car
           | possibly have a positive external effect?
           | 
           | Perhaps you don't know what an externality is. Congrats, you
           | are one of today's lucky 10000.
        
           | mlsu wrote:
           | That must be why walkable areas like Manhattan or London are
           | so inexpensive, right?
        
         | jdblair wrote:
         | I lived in West Oakland for 10 years. Not immediately adjacent
         | to a freeway, but surrounded on 4 sides by a freeway within a
         | half mile. All flat surfaces are eventually are covered in
         | black grit unless it rains. I assume it was not just tire dust
         | but also diesel soot.
        
           | micromacrofoot wrote:
           | also brake dust, which until fairly recently used to be
           | asbestos
        
         | dilyevsky wrote:
         | It's probably mostly soot from the exhaust. I'm few blocks away
         | to railroad (caltrain) and the windows facing the tracks have
         | same black residue
        
           | goalieca wrote:
           | Cars have fairly clean tailpipes these days. Older Diesel
           | train engines still in service are disgusting. Construction
           | vehicles are also pretty bad. The worst are large ocean going
           | vessels burning bunker fuel in port which is illegal but very
           | cheap.
        
             | infecto wrote:
             | I always assumed it was mostly from the soot of diesel
             | rigs. I know they have gotten cleaner in recent years but
             | diesel is still pretty dirty. I remember an apartment I had
             | in SF near some of the muni lines that still ran diesel and
             | it was absolutely disgusting outside the window.
        
             | dilyevsky wrote:
             | Caltrain is diesel yes. They are replacing most with
             | electric locomotives any year now
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | I lived for a year in a building between a busy railway (with
           | some diesel trains) and a busy road.
           | 
           | The windows on the railway side gained a gritty, black dust.
           | On the road side it was an oily black film.
        
         | downrightmike wrote:
         | The only real solution is mandating light and heavy rail.
         | California was hit hard by the car companies that bought out
         | the rail and got replaced it with roads. And now we have even
         | more reason to use rail everywhere we can. Maybe after the
         | nimby boomers die off, we can actually made things make sense.
        
         | mushbino wrote:
         | I lived near 880 in Oakland and always had massive amounts of
         | this super fine sticky dust. They call that 880 corridor cancer
         | corridor. My friends who lived next door who I was renting
         | from, their son got leukemia and they think that had something
         | to do with it.
        
         | beowulfey wrote:
         | Same experience. I probably took a few years off my life with
         | my year by a freeway in LA. So much black crap on everything.
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | That's more likely to be brake dust.
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | Do tires shed more dust at higher speeds? I wonder if this has
         | always been a known but unstated problem, or if increasing
         | highway speeds are causing it to get worse.
        
           | Forbo wrote:
           | Great question, I have no idea. I wish the nationwide 55mph
           | speed limit were reinstated, if only to reduce oil
           | consumption. Added bonus that it might actually encourage
           | more public transit and walkable cities. Nobody will take
           | this idea seriously, the US is far too addicted to cars and
           | lacks the density.
        
             | whaleofatw2022 wrote:
             | We don't even enforce truck speed limit. On top of being
             | more inefficient/dangerous due to weight, it tears roads up
             | faster.
        
             | cscurmudgeon wrote:
             | > I wish the nationwide 55mph speed limit were reinstated
             | 
             | In places like SF and LA, even existing traffic laws are
             | not enforced due to "equity".
             | 
             | https://www.ghsa.org/resources/Equity-in-Highway-Safety-
             | Enfo...
        
               | verve_rat wrote:
               | That link you posted says nothing of the sort.
        
           | burkaman wrote:
           | Seems like it from a couple studies, for example: https://www
           | .sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896972....
           | 
           | Vehicle weight is also a significant factor, so EVs will make
           | this particular problem worse. Still worth the tradeoff, but
           | obviously not using a car at all is the best option.
        
             | Etheryte wrote:
             | Are you sure about the tradeoff bit? If my memory doesn't
             | fail me, there was an article on HN recently that covered
             | how EVs are environmentally more friendly, but health wise
             | worse exactly because they generate more tire particles.
        
               | Kirby64 wrote:
               | I'd like to see if that included brake particulates. My
               | understanding is brake particulates is a large
               | contributor to the mix of 'unhealthy ultra-fine dust'
               | from cars. Most EVs should bring down the brake dust to
               | almost zero, since the vast majority of braking is done
               | via regenerative braking.
        
               | burkaman wrote:
               | I'd be interested to see it, that's not an obvious
               | conclusion to me. The health difference of an EV is a
               | percentage increase in tire particles but a complete
               | absence of tailpipe emissions. I would not expect tire
               | particles to be the more significant factor, especially
               | when the impacts of microplastics are so unknown.
               | 
               | Tailpipe emissions are a significant problem (https://iop
               | science.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab35fc), and I
               | know this is an extreme example but you can literally
               | kill yourself by just leaving a car running in an
               | enclosed space. EV tailpipe emissions are not fully
               | replaced by electricity generation emissions, even if you
               | get your power from 100% coal (and you don't). Power
               | plants are much more efficient than internal combustion
               | engines.
        
               | Etheryte wrote:
               | I believe this [0] is the article (with discussion at
               | [1]). To cherry-pick two quotes to contextualize what I
               | recalled:
               | 
               | > "Tires release 100 times the amount of volatile organic
               | compounds as a modern tailpipe, says an analyst."
               | 
               | > "Moreover, tire emissions from electric vehicles are 20
               | percent higher than those from fossil-fuel vehicles. EVs
               | weigh more and have greater torque, which wears out tires
               | faster."
               | 
               | I'm not sure how all of this works out in the grand
               | scheme of things, or how accurate those claims are, but I
               | think those are issues that surely deserve more looking
               | into.
               | 
               | [0] https://e360.yale.edu/features/tire-pollution-toxic-
               | chemical...
               | 
               | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37569137
        
           | dietr1ch wrote:
           | They should as cornering and braking exerts a higher force on
           | them, so they should wear faster.
        
         | badtension wrote:
         | That's why so many people are cautious about "EVs to save us
         | all", to put it mildly.
         | 
         | We are so focused on climate change and greenhouse gases that
         | we do not see a lot of other issues and may exacerbate some of
         | them in the process of decarbonisation.
        
           | jayd16 wrote:
           | This sentiment is just contrarianism, I think. I've lived in
           | Los Angeles my whole life and the difference that clean air
           | standards make is obvious. The black dust isn't just tire and
           | brake dust. It's also soot and it used to be much much worse.
           | 
           | Nothing is a silver bullet but I'll be much happier when
           | we're done with ICE noise and exhaust.
        
             | oatmeal1 wrote:
             | Generally agreed, but the noise from cars is mostly
             | friction and turbulence (and honking/sirens). Switching to
             | electric won't solve that.
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | I would think having a vehicle be entirely electric must
               | allow more options in terms of car body shape and even
               | tyre shape/material that could possible reduce noise (and
               | particulate) pollution even further. And certainly if we
               | could reduce the vehicle weight (I gather the current
               | generation of EVs typically weigh 25%+ more than their
               | ICE equivalents - and cars have generally been getting
               | heavier over the last couple of decades anyway, which is
               | a trend that we desperately need to reverse, and won't
               | happen without legislation). Having said that, as a
               | cyclist the idea of not being able to hear cars around me
               | is somewhat disconcerting.
        
               | Kirby64 wrote:
               | The car noise problem is partially solved (or improved)
               | by EVs, actually. The tires used on EVs tend to be
               | efficient (low rolling resistance), which translates to
               | less noisy tires. Additionally, their body shape tends to
               | aim towards very aerodynamic so they have less turbulence
               | noise. If they didn't do this, their efficiency would be
               | much worse so it essentially becomes a necessity.
               | 
               | It's pretty evident when you drive next to a large
               | vehicle with knobby tires meant for off-roading (Jeeps
               | seem to commonly have these). The tire noise is easily
               | MUCH louder, even ignoring any engine noise.
               | 
               | The other thing, broadly, is road construction can lead
               | to a huge difference in noise from highways. I'm sure
               | you've experienced huge differences depending on the road
               | surface.
        
               | bmitc wrote:
               | > the noise from cars is mostly friction and turbulence
               | 
               | Agreed. I can't even hear the engine in my car on the
               | highway over tire and wind noise.
        
               | kwhitefoot wrote:
               | People on the outside can hear it though.
        
               | bmitc wrote:
               | I don't think they can unless the car is not moving. The
               | point is: the dominating sound pollution from a car is
               | from sources that are not removed in EVs.
        
             | bmitc wrote:
             | > This sentiment is just contrarianism, I think.
             | 
             | I really don't think it is. We're thrusting ourselves into
             | just new problems. Yes, we move away from old problems that
             | gas-powered cars have, but we move into new problems. For
             | one, EVs perpetuate the _idea_ of the car, which is perhaps
             | the most dangerous part. Then, there 's all sorts of new
             | things like building out the infrastructure required for
             | EVs and mining the new materials. For example, have you
             | looked into the areas where lithium mining occurs? It is
             | not a clean process and brings its own new problems,
             | especially for the local people. You have foreign owned and
             | operated companies move in and suck out manufactured value
             | from the land, all the while polluting the local ecosystem.
             | It's oil all over again.
             | 
             | It isn't contrarianism to point out that a solution is not
             | the solution everyone thinks it is. Yes, we should probably
             | switch to EVs, but we should be switching away from cars as
             | a whole. But we're not. Cars are selling more than ever.
             | It's not contrarianism to simply look at facts rather than
             | hype.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | Cars are selling, despite their high economic price,
               | because they're _incredibly useful_.
               | 
               | Make competing modes of transit at least one of _more
               | useful at no more cost_ or _no less utility but at a
               | lower cost_ and people will switch incredibly quickly.
               | That 's a tall order, because the modern automobile is a
               | wonder of transport speed, comfort, and convenience.
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | I'd only add "...because they're incredibly useful, AND
               | government policy has consistently favoured such a mode
               | of transport over all other alternatives". The amount
               | spent by governments on maintaining road infrastructure
               | dwarfs all other transport spending, the amount of land
               | dedicated to parking and driving space is mindboggling,
               | and of course the amount spent on ensuring the global oil
               | industry has been able to reliably and safely deliver
               | fuel to vehicles is beyond comprehension* (and almost
               | certainly one of the reasons the transition to EVs will
               | be slower than technology might otherwise allow - vested
               | interests with billions to lose will do anything to keep
               | their share of the spoils). Not to mention the fact that
               | we've yet to actually start truly paying for the long
               | term environmental and health costs of allowing our
               | cities to be so dominated by a single mode of transport.
               | 
               | *) it's estimated up to 20% of the US's defence budget is
               | spent protecting oil supplies for a start, which
               | effectively acts as a subsidy of around 70c a gallon.
        
               | midasuni wrote:
               | Cars have such a low price because the cost of them is
               | not born by the person purchasing them.
        
               | jh00ker wrote:
               | One application of (EV) cars is the robotaxi. Once this
               | solution reaches critical mass, car ownership as we see
               | it today will drop off.
               | 
               | If I can send my car out to be a robotaxi while I'm at
               | work and/or :^) asleep, then how much do I care that MY
               | specific vehicle return to bring ME home, when I could
               | just use any other robotaxi available? So then I don't
               | own a car at all and ownership elsewhere falls and the
               | number of total cars drops to the number needed to handle
               | only the maximum number of simultaneous rides.
        
               | bmitc wrote:
               | Robotaxis don't have anything to do with and certainly
               | aren't dependent upon EVs. I highly doubt robotaxis ever
               | make it. And at that point, why not invest in other
               | infrastructure. It's pointless to have big vehicles
               | carrying one or two people.
        
               | ltbarcly3 wrote:
               | > It isn't contrarianism to point out that a solution is
               | not the solution everyone thinks it is.
               | 
               | Literally nobody thinks that EV's will reduce
               | microplastics. What are you even talking about?
               | 
               | EV's have the potential to dramatically reduce our
               | reliance on gasoline. Current EV technology is far from
               | perfect, but do you think people will just stop having
               | personal transportation? Do you think it's better to keep
               | using gasoline cars forever? So you agree that some kind
               | of non-gasoline personal vehicle is likely to be dominant
               | for some time as a method of personal transportation,
               | unless you are just ignoring reality completely or think
               | that people will magically change how they live in even
               | more fundamental ways without incentives to do so, which
               | is magical thinking. So EVs are inevitable, since there
               | is no other credible alternative to gasoline personal
               | vehicles that is even proposed, and EVs are starting to
               | displace gas vehicles in significant numbers.
               | 
               | So keep shouting as much as you like about how we need to
               | 'stop normalizing the idea of a car' but just realize
               | that less than a fraction of a fraction of a fraction of
               | 1% of the world will even bother to listen to it, and in
               | the meantime we are likely to end up building several
               | billion electric cars before another alternative comes
               | around. If you want to change the world, develop the
               | technology that makes it make sense to act the way you
               | want people to act, because nothing else will persuade
               | anybody.
        
               | bmitc wrote:
               | > Literally nobody thinks that EV's will reduce
               | microplastics. What are you even talking about?
               | 
               | Not that, for starters.
               | 
               | Is there data that proves inconclusively that electric
               | vehicles _AND_ the new infrastructure and mining and
               | every other systematic thing that comes along with them
               | and doesn 't currently exist is _actually_ (not just
               | hopes and dreams) less impactful on the environment?
               | Because as far as I can tell, your comment relies on
               | that, and I haven 't seen that data. I could care less
               | about holding on to gas-guzzling cars. I would just like
               | to understand things better before jumping headlong into
               | a "solution" that may or may not be any better. And there
               | are massive incentives for companies to jump into EVs, so
               | there is a lot of conflict of interest with EVs. Can
               | corporations and investors be trusted when they stand to
               | make a fortune?
               | 
               | Again, my point is to reach an understanding. I do not
               | currently understand why EVs are some bastion of hope
               | when it comes to cars. The best data that I have seen
               | does not account for disposal of batteries nor the
               | mining, long term maintenance and upkeep and continual
               | use of EVs, infrastructure, etc. when it comes to EVs.
               | And if they are better, then where is the crossover point
               | when all this is considered? Is it 10 years? 50 years?
               | 
               | And yes, I do think re-enforcing the car is not a good
               | idea. You can think it's unrealistic, and sure, in the
               | short term it probably is. But we shouldn't just throw
               | our hands up and reach for a new "solution" that just
               | brings new problems.
        
           | arghwhat wrote:
           | EV's will not save us all, but every combustion engine still
           | running is actively killing us.
           | 
           | Would be better to walk, bike, take public transport or
           | similar or course. And if your area makes that not viable,
           | consider fixing that.
           | 
           | (All the famed bicycle paths in Copenhagen are relatively new
           | - they can be added anywhere.)
        
           | dlahoda wrote:
           | EV bikes sure. price and weight of good EV bike dropped for
           | last 5 years.
        
             | valianteffort wrote:
             | I don't know where you live but everything is too far apart
             | in American suburbs. How you would fix that without tearing
             | it all down? And it's totally impractical for transporting
             | a family around.
             | 
             | Road tripping. Visiting far away family. Day at the lake or
             | beach. Going camping. How do you convince people to give
             | all of that up and just be content with whatever is 15min
             | away.
        
               | estebank wrote:
               | It is already a huge change if people who drive to thir
               | offices didn't. People going camping or driving across
               | the country aren't the problem. The Dutch do that as
               | well, what they don't need to do is _having_ to drive to
               | go fetch milk or get to work. I have my dentist, grocery
               | shop, restaurants, coffee shops, gym, bike shop, bank,
               | park, hardware storeband bus stops within 15 minutes from
               | my home, and all of those are in a residential
               | neighborhood of an American city that to my Latin
               | American sensibilities is _too_ residential and spread
               | around. The level of density needed to support  "15
               | minute cities" is much lower than people think, but it
               | means allowing there to be a bakery in the corner of your
               | block within a residential neighborhood, and wrestling
               | some space in the commons from inefficient forms of
               | transportation in favour of more efficient ones.
        
               | InSteady wrote:
               | >wrestling some space in the commons from inefficient
               | forms of transportation in favour of more efficient ones.
               | 
               | And underused parking lots. Dear god the huge, empty
               | parking lots.
        
               | InSteady wrote:
               | Many e-bikes have 100+ mile range. In theory you could
               | have a few backup batteries for longer trips.
               | 
               | You could also rent a car for the 5 or so days a year the
               | average person is doing anything other than commuting,
               | shopping, and other local activities.
        
               | jacobolus wrote:
               | Residents of American suburbs should have to pay for
               | their full costs (infrastructure and maintenance,
               | environmental, healthcare, services, ...), and if many
               | people can't afford it, we should do a universal cash
               | subsidy to every resident at the federal level to make up
               | the difference so the transition is not so damaging, then
               | let people decide if they really want to spend that whole
               | amount on paying the actual costs of their lifestyle or
               | if they would prefer to move to a more efficient living
               | arrangement and keep the cash to do something more
               | productive with it.
               | 
               | The USA subsidizes the suburbs to an absurd degree,
               | pushing most of the costs into the future and making city
               | dwellers pay more than their share for the rest.
               | 
               | Living in a relatively large house in the suburbs should
               | in principle cost several times more than living in a
               | flat in the city, because it requires vastly more
               | infrastructure and the amortized cost of services is much
               | higher. But our broken economic system has flipped this
               | around and made suburbs extremely artificially cheap,
               | while making most of the building practices that make
               | denser walkable neighborhoods possible illegal under
               | building codes and local ordinances.
        
               | avalys wrote:
               | This is an interesting theory, but I'm not sure you can
               | prove it. What's a way in which the USA "subsidizes"
               | suburbs?
        
               | wyre wrote:
               | Roads, utilities, emergency services...
        
               | matthewfcarlson wrote:
               | Per mile, small urban roads were millions of usd a mile
               | (see department of transports annual report and it varies
               | by region). Maintenance is even worse. It's the 5th
               | highest expense for most cities (US census survey of
               | local and state governments 2020).
               | 
               | Of course the suburbs don't make sense, you have a half
               | mile of road out to a neighborhood and another half mile
               | of street in the neighborhood itself. The percentage of
               | property taxes going to the road is probably just a few
               | percent points. With only a few hundred houses, it would
               | take decades to raise the 1-3 million to replace the
               | road.
        
               | macinjosh wrote:
               | That we pay for with our taxes? How much property tax
               | does one in a high rise apartment pay?
               | 
               | My suburban neighborhood also has a metro tax district
               | that funds the roads sewers etc.
        
               | jacobolus wrote:
               | Initial infrastructure is often paid for with up-front
               | cash transfers from the federal/state government and
               | long-term loans, then the long-term maintenance is
               | supposed to be funded by local taxes but in many cases is
               | set up to be more expensive than the long-term available
               | tax base, so infrastructure just starts falling apart and
               | then either taxes go up or maintenance is put off and
               | people left holding the bag are screwed, or external cash
               | bailouts make up the difference.
               | 
               | In either case, the suburbanites (especially near the
               | beginning of the construction cycle) and initial
               | construction companies are getting a huge subsidy from
               | everyone else (and from future generations) to promote an
               | inherently unsustainable and destructive living
               | arrangement.
               | 
               | It's a kind of Ponzi scheme, and like any other Ponzi
               | scheme, at some point the music stops and then the whole
               | system is in an extremely precarious place.
        
               | yowlingcat wrote:
               | I don't think it's broken. I think it's working as
               | intended, but what it's optimizing for (people raising
               | families) is perhaps not what you'd like for it to
               | optimize for. Whether it's the right or wrong thing to
               | optimize for is another conversation, but you may be
               | surprised about what the collective political will of the
               | US expresses. I think you'd be hard pressed to find a
               | voting majority support for the idea that "American
               | suburbs should have to pay for themselves."
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | American style suburbs are worse for raising a family
               | than living in a city. Long commutes practically remove
               | one or more parents from the equation 5 days a week. Long
               | bus rides compromise sleep and exercise etc.
               | 
               | All for a back yard that's rarely used and worse in just
               | about every way than a nice park.
               | 
               | What they are is a cheap imitation of the wealthy
               | enclaves near cities that only work because so few people
               | can afford to live in them. You can imitate such
               | buildings cheaply, what you can't do is build or maintain
               | the support structures which made such places so
               | appealing.
        
               | macinjosh wrote:
               | My superior air quality, lower crime rate, and better
               | schools disagree with your assessment.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Don't confuse socioeconomics for inherent advantages.
               | Adjusted for income people live longer in cities, they
               | are thus objectively safer.
               | 
               | Wealthy parts of cities have vastly better schools and
               | less crime than the average suburbs, but the American
               | middle class abandoned cities. Air pollution again can go
               | either way, suburbs often have surprisingly terrible air
               | quality made worse by long commutes.
        
               | jacobolus wrote:
               | "Better schools" (by which most people mean higher test
               | scores) is largely a proxy for parental wealth - which is
               | correlated to better food, housing security, more quiet
               | time, less family stress, less external responsibilities
               | for students, less toxins in the home, more academic and
               | extracurricular support, etc. - and has a relatively
               | limited impact per se on individual student outcomes.
               | That is, if you took all of the wealthiest families' kids
               | and transplanted them to the "worse schools" they'd still
               | statistically do just fine, because they would still have
               | all of the other advantages that make most of the
               | difference.
               | 
               | Much of this kind of neighborhood sorting for "school
               | quality" in my experience comes down to wealthy white
               | parents not wanting their kids mixing with poorer people
               | or racial minorities based on prejudice (i.e. assumptions
               | generated from ignorance and psychological "disgust"
               | responses gone haywire).
        
               | mmatants wrote:
               | Suburbs are not the only place to raise kids though.
               | Probably not the best place for it either.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | Cars are great for all that, and an electric cargo bike
               | like an urban arrow is great for all the things nearby,
               | IF you have safe infrastructure. Plenty of people have
               | cars in my Dutch city but it's still safe to do local
               | things by biking and walking
        
               | kmeisthax wrote:
               | You start by not making the problem worse. Stop building
               | stroads[0]. Liberalize the zoning code and allow mixed-
               | use development. Get rid of parking minimums.
               | 
               | The upside of how sparse American suburbs are is that we
               | can repurpose all the junk/wasted land with normal market
               | incentives. Roads can be thinned and the land handed back
               | to the owners of that land, along with the setbacks that
               | are used to force people to maintain water-intensive
               | lawns[1]. Upzoned buildings can be redeveloped to higher
               | density or turned into small commercial stores as market
               | forces dictate. Anyone who wants to hold out can still do
               | so.
               | 
               | None of this requires absolutely banning cars[2]. People
               | will stop driving as cars become less necessary for daily
               | suburban life. Road trips can still happen. So instead of
               | families with three or four cars, maybe they only have
               | one or two. As car infrastructure is used less, it can be
               | repurposed for transit networks that _don 't suck_ - i.e.
               | BRT, light rail, or tram systems with dedicated rights of
               | way.
               | 
               | "15 minute city" doesn't mean "you should only ever
               | travel 15 minutes on foot and anything further will be
               | stopped by the pollution police". It means "building a
               | city so that everything you need is closer and more
               | convenient".
               | 
               | [0] Surface street / highway combos, i.e. roads with 3
               | lanes on each side, highway speed traffic, no pedestrian
               | infrastructure, and business access. They try to do
               | everything and fail at everything.
               | 
               | [1] Incidentally this was sold as a way to stop
               | communism, somehow
               | 
               | [2] OK, but can we still at least ban the giant Escalade
               | mega-SUVs that let you run down like ten kids without
               | even seeing them
        
           | meesles wrote:
           | Agreed. Even solar + wind - when the buzz started it was all
           | rainbows and butterflies because we found a silver bullet to
           | energy!
           | 
           | There is no such thing as free lunch. If you start absorbing
           | massive amounts of solar, you will have some effect on the
           | environment that we have absolutely no clue about. Same with
           | interfering with wind patterns and ocean currents, which
           | would happen with energy generation at true humanity-scale.
           | 
           | Critical thinking left the room a long time ago.
        
             | gmadsen wrote:
             | with global warming, shouldn't absorbing massive amounts of
             | solar be a good thing?
        
             | luis8 wrote:
             | Looks like nuclear with proper waste disposal is they way
             | to go
        
               | seb1204 wrote:
               | It is not. Proper waste disposal is an unsolved issue
               | that extends beyond so many human generations. Also I
               | suspect that social licence and NIMBYism will make it
               | impossible to build them in time to save us from global
               | warming.
        
             | seb1204 wrote:
             | Not sure what to make of your comment. Are you suggesting
             | we don't use any technology? All our actions have
             | consequences on the planet. However your comment seems to
             | suggest that by adopting wind and solar we are buying into
             | an issue we would not have otherwise.
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | What do you think happens to solar energy which doesn't
             | land on a solar panel currently? Say it lands on a dark
             | coloured roof?
        
               | DarmokJalad1701 wrote:
               | > What do you think happens to solar energy which doesn't
               | land on a solar panel currently
               | 
               | It magically disappears from this universe of course. The
               | photons know if it is actually being of use to sentient
               | humans and decides to wreak havoc (in some as yet unknown
               | fashion) only in that instance.
        
           | aperson_hello wrote:
           | Decarbonization will have negative externalities. Yes, even
           | environmental ones. I'd argue that those externalities are
           | necessary and delay to mitigate them is going to be worse
           | than fixing them later.
        
         | bluedino wrote:
         | If you live next to a farm field, you get the same thing.
         | 
         | And at certain times of the year, the "dust" smells like
         | manure.
        
           | FrontierProject wrote:
           | That can't be from tires tho, a farm field won't have tires
           | in it more than 3 or 4 times a year. And it probably smells
           | like manure because pumping manure onto fields is one of the
           | most common methods of fertilizing.
        
       | spandextwins wrote:
       | Years of creating artificial reefs from old tires are catching
       | up. I wonder how sharp those people are? Next we should find
       | about how those giant ships that blow their exhaust under water
       | and kill all life.
        
         | westurner wrote:
         | > _Years of creating artificial reefs from old tires are
         | catching up._
         | 
         | People probably don't even realize that most tires are
         | synthetic rubber and thus are also bad for the ocean.
         | 
         | Is there a program to map the locations of old synthetic tire
         | reefs, and what is a suitable replacement for reef
         | reconstruction and regrowth?
        
         | DoingIsLearning wrote:
         | Perhaps you misread. The microplastics in the ocean are from
         | airborne tire particles, as in from cars' tires rubbing on
         | roads, that get washed away into the ocean.
         | 
         | You could build cities of tires in the ocean and they would
         | probably not be significant compared with normal tire friction
         | in normal vehicle use.
         | 
         | Also most of those reefs will be covered by debris and ocean
         | flora, synthetic rubber is mostly decomposed by friction or UV
         | radiation if it's left alone and covered in ocean stuff it will
         | arguably be insignificant compared to your personal
         | contribution of eroding tires on your way to work.
        
           | usrusr wrote:
           | In other words: sooner or later every bit of synthetic rubber
           | that is part of the tire when it leaves the factory and that
           | isn't part of the tire when it goes to wherever those things
           | go at EOL will eventually be washed away by rain. And then it
           | either becomes inland sediment or make its way into the
           | oceans.
        
       | markx2 wrote:
       | I remember watching Formula 1 in the 80's. The amount of
       | 'marbles' from tyre degradation was amazingly high. If you have
       | seen a race with a dry line after rain it was that striking.
       | 
       | And yet now, very few marbles, it would seem though that they are
       | a lot smaller.
        
       | gcanyon wrote:
       | The obvious solution is to switch from plastic back to paper
       | tires. /s
       | 
       | But seriously, I think EVs help with lower brake emissions, since
       | regeneration is a different process. The issue with tires is at
       | least partially a choice: drive like a normal person and you
       | don't have to emit (much -- there's still the extra weight) more
       | tire bits.
       | 
       | I wonder if it's possible to design tires from materials that
       | will biodegrade in the ocean/environment, or at least sink?
        
       | infecto wrote:
       | So many comments here about American spread which I agree on but
       | how to fix it? Even in the Bay Area where cars are hated it's
       | pretty much a requirement at some point. I always had a dream
       | that some commercial developers built tried building some
       | communities where green space and commercial store front was
       | baked in. Essentially building some tasteful strip malls in the
       | center of the community and making sure a grocery store leased
       | part of it.
       | 
       | Then I always realize that it's actually probably pretty hard to
       | manufacture this. Which grocery store do you get to move in? Do
       | you allow liquor stores or do you just let the market decide what
       | moves in? You have to have some influence by building it and
       | planning it though.
       | 
       | That always leaves me down the road that I think it's partially a
       | failure at the local government level and how we do zoning. At
       | the same time though I dont think Americans want to live Asian
       | style in massive apartment skyscrapers or in close quarter
       | multistory buildings with store fronts on the first level. It's
       | as much of a cultural problem as it is zoning.
        
       | sparker72678 wrote:
       | TIL that "microplastics" sources include tires. Had no idea.
        
       | modeless wrote:
       | I'm glad people are looking at how to reduce the impact of tire
       | dust. I expect we can make big improvements because it's not
       | something we've optimized for yet.
       | 
       | Not mentioned in the article is that EVs also dramatically reduce
       | brake dust because the brakes are hardly used compared to an ICE
       | car.
        
         | lb1lf wrote:
         | Surely brake dust must be negligible compared to tire and
         | asphalt dust?
         | 
         | I recently replaced the brake pads on my Land Cruiser; 70,000km
         | (45,000 miles) since they were last replaced. This is a large,
         | heavy 4x4, yet the amount of brake liner worn from the pads
         | must have been on the order of a pound, if not less.
        
           | ilyt wrote:
           | > Surely brake dust must be negligible compared to tire and
           | asphalt dust?
           | 
           | Brake dust is kinda different problem. Yeah it puts particles
           | in the air, but most of it is pretty biodegradable (carbon
           | and iron), and rest of it could _probably_ be made that -
           | technically loss of efficiency here could be compensated for,
           | which is far harder for tyres.
        
         | kylebenzle wrote:
         | I worked on this indirectly for 4 as as part of a pdh at Ohio
         | State. We have had the solution to this problem since then but
         | because natural rubber is slightly less profitable for the
         | companies (it lasts too long and it too high quality) they use
         | synthetic rubber.
         | 
         | Tire dust is a problem becuase we WANT it to be a problem the
         | solution is available but it is impossible to get funding
         | because the tire companies don't want to use it.
         | 
         | Thats it, that is how capitalism works. Make millions upon
         | millions of people sick so that 3 companies can make slightly
         | higher profits.
         | 
         | [1] https://hcs.osu.edu/our-people/dr-katrina-cornish
        
           | christkv wrote:
           | I was going to say natural rubber seems like the logical
           | solution for this.
        
           | cscurmudgeon wrote:
           | > Thats it, that is how capitalism works
           | 
           | But we don't live in a pure capitalistic society.
           | 
           | Where is the govt's role in this? We pay 30-40% of our
           | earnings for govt to do nothing while politicians become rich
           | enabling this?
        
             | geysersam wrote:
             | Seems the issue is that we don't vote on the right
             | politicians. I refuse to believe there are no politicians
             | who could get behind regulating businesses that refuse to
             | adapt superior technology for the wrong reasons.
        
           | _dark_matter_ wrote:
           | Can you link to this research? Is there any tire company
           | using this technology? If the people cared we could either
           | pay a premium for them, or regulate
        
             | kylebenzle wrote:
             | Yes! All the big tire companies, Goodyear, Michelin and
             | Firestone have a "natural rubber" development department
             | and every couple years they come out with a "green tire"
             | which they quickly drop and forget about.
             | 
             | As for the "technology" of natural rubber, yes again, ALL
             | military aircraft tires are only natural rubber, people
             | know, when it matters use ONLY natural rubber.
             | 
             | Again, we use choose to use and pollute with synthetic
             | rubber because it is more profitable for the companies to
             | sell us more tires that ware out more quickly. They know
             | this and its on purpose.
             | 
             | [1] https://hcs.osu.edu/our-people/dr-katrina-cornish
        
               | olalonde wrote:
               | This is a naive and incorrect view of economics. Tire
               | manufacturers employ synthetic rubber because that's what
               | consumers want (probably because it's cheaper even when
               | accounting for the lower longevity?). They do not just
               | get to dictate which products enter the market.
               | 
               | Which makes me highly doubt your claim that natural
               | rubber tires are both superior AND cheaper. If you are
               | right about that, I'm sure there are VCs who would be
               | more than happy to fund you...
        
               | shepardrtc wrote:
               | That's the point, natural rubber tires are slightly more
               | expensive. I think the parent said it was like 5% more
               | somewhere above? Tire companies will go the cheapest
               | route every time, so it's up to the government to make it
               | more expensive to create synthetic rubber tires. Maybe
               | start charging them for ocean cleanup.
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | Also EVs have no tail pipe emissions. At all. An ICE vehicle
         | converts 100% of it's fuel into toxic tail pipe emissions. The
         | tire dust is marginally the same for the same weight. We are
         | not talking a new set of tires every other month for EVs. And
         | there is very little brake dust indeed. So, what are we really
         | talking about here exactly?
         | 
         | Well that's more complicated. Articles like this don't come out
         | of the blue. There's an extremely well funded effort by fossil
         | fuel and ICE car manufacturing companies to spread FUD about
         | EVs. They are looking at double digit percentage drops in
         | demand for their product in the decade ahead. That's going to
         | impact them financially in a big way and they have a huge
         | financial interest in slowing that down. And their tool of
         | choice is misinformation. Little white lies, lots of half
         | truths, twisted facts, lies by omission, etc.
         | 
         | That's not to say tire particles in ocean water aren't an
         | issue. But the reality is that most of those particles come
         | from ICE vehicles right now.
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | Do they? How does that work? Why does it matter in what way the
         | friction on the axle is generated? Whether I am grinding two
         | metal on metal to generate friction or I'm charging a coil
         | shouldn't matter to how much dust the tire generates, for the
         | same amount of deceleration, should it?
         | 
         | Unless people are just slamming on their brakes and leaving
         | tire marks when they have the option of coming to a gentle
         | stop, which I don't think anyone would do?
         | 
         | EDIT: Apparently I misread "brake dust" for "tire dust", sorry!
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | ninkendo wrote:
           | We can assume that modeless was referring to the dust
           | generated by the brake pads themselves, I should think...
        
           | neallindsay wrote:
           | I think you missed that they are talking about brake dust.
        
           | jstanley wrote:
           | They said EVs reduce _brake dust_ , not tyre dust. It's true
           | that tyre dust would be created just the same.
        
             | adrianN wrote:
             | More actually since EVs are heavy. They also tend to
             | accelerate faster than combustion cars.
        
           | idiotsecant wrote:
           | Parent post brought up brake dust, which is not what this
           | article is about. EVs definitely put less wear on brakes but
           | that has nothing to do with microplastics.
        
             | inferiorhuman wrote:
             | That said brake dust _is_ an environmental problem.
        
               | ilyt wrote:
               | But most of it does biodegrade so it is short time
               | problem vs very long time problem.
        
               | inferiorhuman wrote:
               | Copper, which was (is?) the most problematic part
               | doesn't.
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | I think it got edited, it said "tire dust" when I made my
             | comment (unless I'm mistaken, but I did check twice to make
             | sure).
             | 
             | EDIT: Looks like I just misread the "tire dust" on the
             | first sentence and filled it in the second sentence as
             | well, huh.
        
           | bitdivision wrote:
           | I think GP is referring to the dust generated by brake pads.
           | Since EVs can use regenerative braking, there should be less
           | use of the brake pads, and therefore less brake dust.
           | 
           | I would assume that the tyre dust will remain the same
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | _3u10 wrote:
       | Im glad we banned straws
        
       | cgb223 wrote:
       | What tools/technology exist today to remove microplastics from
       | water?
       | 
       | This theme comes up time and time again on HN, has anyone
       | attempted to solve this?
        
         | Tarsul wrote:
         | look no further than this guardian article from this week about
         | bacteria that eat microplastics:
         | https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/28/plastic-...
        
         | undersuit wrote:
         | It's not that we don't have filters. You can filter your tap
         | water right now of microplastics with standard filters. We
         | don't have the capacity to filter the world's oceans before the
         | microplastics enter the ecosystem.
        
       | booleandilemma wrote:
       | Mass production of cars was a mistake. We don't need so many
       | cars. I wish people realized this. It's one of the worst things
       | about our era.
       | 
       | And I'm not a hypocrite. I don't own a car nor do I drive one. I
       | walk and bike and take the bus.
        
       | bedobi wrote:
       | Typical hackernews to have threads full of well meaning but
       | ultimately misguided people saying ah we have some technological
       | solution for this.
       | 
       | The solution to this problem and _every other problem caused by
       | driving_ is _not driving_. Period.
       | 
       | Not driving doesn't require any new technology, it just requires
       | getting serious about alternatives to driving. (safe, separated
       | bike ways, ebike and micromobility subsidies, rail, public
       | transit, better urban design, less subsidies to cars and trucks
       | of any kind etc etc - all of these have a self-reinforcing
       | positive feedback loop that lead to even less driving)
        
         | beedeebeedee wrote:
         | And changing to mixed-use zoning- that is the number one issue
         | in fixing our transport system
        
         | savanaly wrote:
         | No, the typical hackernews comment is yours. Take a very
         | complicated issue, present your favored simple solution without
         | evidence, then say "period" as if that somehow settles the
         | issue.
        
           | noobermin wrote:
           | This is backwards, social solutions are actually harder than
           | a tech fix, because any tech fix won't be an actual fix. It
           | will just be a band-aid that won't solve the underlying
           | social issue.
           | 
           | Imagine, for example, thinking the solution to male
           | loneliness or alternative patriarchy is just a better
           | bumble/tinder. Social problems cannot be solved by better
           | technology simply, the problem is much more complicated than
           | that.
        
         | paddy_m wrote:
         | Not driving requires even less. It requires the local and state
         | governments to stop making it illegal to build the type of
         | dense walkable neighborhoods that we built until the 1930s.
         | 
         | Let landowners build what they deem fit on their own land.
         | That's it (or a large part of it)
        
         | rough-sea wrote:
         | Yet another misguided comment.
         | 
         | We cannot simply stop driving anymore than we can stop using an
         | increasing amount energy. There are huge portions of humanity
         | that live in places that depend on cars. It's a non-solution to
         | say people should just stop driving - billions cannot.
        
           | nicoburns wrote:
           | It's unreasonable to expect individuals to unilaterally stop
           | driving. But on a societal scale, it's entirely reasonable to
           | expect our governments to build infrastructure that allows
           | (many of) us to stop driving. That isn't simple, but neither
           | is it an intractable problem.
        
         | TeMPOraL wrote:
         | In other words: you're proposing to replace a set of possible,
         | if difficult, technological solutions, with an near-impossible
         | social solution. I'd call _that_ misguided.
         | 
         | Technological solutions tend to be discussed because they can
         | be implemented. Social solutions may work better, but only in
         | imaginary la-la land where they can actually be put into
         | practice. In the real world, you can't " _just_ " get people to
         | not drive.
        
           | Uehreka wrote:
           | The "social solutions" are just policy solutions, and people
           | on HN don't like the idea of regulation, so they act like
           | "social solutions are impossible", when the truth is just
           | that "social solutions are impossible without policies I find
           | distasteful".
        
           | libraryatnight wrote:
           | Sure you can. Teach your kids cars are stupid and bad and
           | stop driving so much yourself. Trickle-down culture is real,
           | economics not so much. Also your lauded tech solutions rarely
           | do shit but create more problems and the businesses we hire
           | to implement them lie about the problems until we've all got
           | cancer, no air, and no water.
           | 
           | Minimizing driving and making it a cultural value that it's a
           | tool to be used sparingly seems reasonable and about the only
           | solution I can actually trust when you have a culture of
           | selfish assholes and a society with nothing underneath it but
           | a pit of spikes.
        
           | xyst wrote:
           | The 1950s suburban experiment through cheap money (new
           | suburbs brought in short term influx of cash for
           | cities/counties), massive subsidies of highway
           | infrastructure, subsidies for automobile industries,
           | redlining housing policies, and "white flight" pushed people
           | towards driving.
           | 
           | It can be reversed. Believe it out not, prior to the
           | Industrial Revolution people got around just fine. Somehow
           | the auto industry convinced people their dangerous machines
           | in the hands of commoners was a good idea.
        
           | danny_codes wrote:
           | Of course we can. This is just a function of public policy.
           | 
           | Once our cities are re-built around walk/bike/transit, nobody
           | is going to drive because it will be slower and less
           | convenient. Just like it is in many cities around the world.
        
           | anlsh wrote:
           | Hah! Cars have been around for just a hundred years or so,
           | and yet serious efforts to reduce our dependency on them are
           | "near impossible." Talk about recency bias.
        
             | baggy_trough wrote:
             | Would you say something similar about computers?
        
               | anlsh wrote:
               | No. But we're talking about cars, not computers, and
               | their novelty is just one among many strong pieces of
               | evidence that a much less car-dependent society is
               | possible, even desirable. Perhaps you can refute the
               | existence billions of people on the planet who live
               | without commuting via car, or the dense networks of
               | public transit which they often rely on?
        
           | H12 wrote:
           | Writing off a shift towards walkability as a "near-impossible
           | social solution" I think is misrepresenting the nature of the
           | problem.
           | 
           | Shifting car-centric suburbs and exurbs to a walking-friendly
           | lifestyle is a massive challenge, but that only covers 20% of
           | the population.
           | 
           | The remaining 80% of the population already live in urban
           | areas that, in many cases, are already very livable car-free,
           | and are a few small policy changes away from taking a massive
           | step forward.
           | 
           | Even a couple large municipalities legalizing accessory
           | dwellings, abolishing parking minimums, and rezoning to allow
           | business conversations of existing residential properties
           | could have a sizable impact.
           | 
           | Additionally, many of the most expensive areas in the country
           | are ones that are designed specifically to support
           | walkability, which is a strong indicator of unmet demand for
           | such areas.
        
           | bedobi wrote:
           | > only in imaginary la-la land
           | 
           | sorry but this is laughable, you don't need to imagine lala-
           | land or some alternate reality, large parts of the world do
           | not have anywhere near the car dependency that north america
           | does and they're fine. (in fact, they're more than fine,
           | they're great, they're better off)
           | 
           | visit tokyo and see for yourself - a huge, sprawling city of
           | 40 million, including many single family home areas, where
           | much, much fewer people drive
        
           | hyperhopper wrote:
           | It's not impossible, much of the world operates without 99.9%
           | car usage like the USA.
           | 
           | Every major European city metro area can be traversed without
           | a car. Hell I went through 18 countries and 35+ cities in
           | Europe without renting a car and only using a bus or plane
           | maybe 4-5 times.
           | 
           | This is an entirely self-made problem. A world not reliant on
           | cars is not la-la land. It's a land where a car isn't treated
           | as more important than a human, which should be the norm and
           | is known to work in many other first world countries.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | The USA is a lot more spread out than Europe. In places
             | where it isn't (NYC, Chicago) you can get around without a
             | car pretty well.
             | 
             | Guess what, in small towns in Europe and in rural areas,
             | most people have cars too, and they drive to get their
             | groceries.
        
               | enragedcacti wrote:
               | The northeast corridor is practically as dense as western
               | Europe and we have a number of car-dependent cities
               | denser than major transit-rich European cities.
               | 
               | > Guess what, in small towns in Europe and in rural
               | areas, most people have cars too, and they drive to get
               | their groceries.
               | 
               | That's fine! lets get our intra and intercity transit
               | solved and small town people can keep doing what they've
               | been doing.
        
           | mplewis wrote:
           | Trains aren't difficult technical solutions.
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | With trains, the hardware isn't the problem. The property
             | rights are - specifically those of people owning land and
             | real estate on, or near, the planned tracks. But it's still
             | a possible (if uber expensive) problem - the government
             | could eminent domain its way through. But expecting people
             | to spontaneously abandon cars and demand trains? That is
             | impossible in practice.
        
             | mminer237 wrote:
             | Trains aren't a solution at all in most areas. My
             | subdivision isn't going to build a rail line to the city 15
             | miles away. That would require a total abandonment of
             | single-family housing at the least.
        
           | kmeisthax wrote:
           | Automobile dependency is not a technological problem, it is a
           | social problem. Enormous sums of money were spent on
           | lobbying, laws, and infrastructure, all just to make driving
           | _tolerable_. The cost of this social experiment was that
           | walking was made miserable and dangerous.
           | 
           | A century ago people were saying, "in the real world, you
           | can't _just_ get people to not walk ". But they did. We
           | coined the term "jaywalking" to refer to _walking down a
           | street like a normal person_ , manufactured consensus against
           | it, and criminalized anything other than crossing streets at
           | 90 degree angles to get from sidewalk to sidewalk. All so
           | that people in cars could drive faster, which prior to this
           | would have been considered, rightfully, reckless.
           | 
           | All the technological problems caused by cars are downstream
           | of the social engineering done to force people into buying
           | them. If people did not have to drive everywhere, then we
           | wouldn't need to worry about tire dust, fuel efficiency,
           | emissions, and all the other things downstream of forcing
           | people to drive heavy metal boxes everywhere.
           | 
           | If we decided to end this social experiment, we could.
           | Slowly, and in degrees, of course. But generally speaking
           | there's a lot of people who would _like_ to not drive, but
           | have to, and would be willing to deal with the infrastructure
           | changes necessary to make that happen.
        
             | bequanna wrote:
             | I think your comment shows a very strong inner city, urban
             | bias.
             | 
             | The vast majority of Americans both need and love their
             | cars. Very few people would support some movement that aims
             | to restrict automobiles in any way.
        
               | bedobi wrote:
               | literally every human being on the planet both need and
               | love their planet, including the air they breathe and the
               | oceans they fish in and which regulate the climate
               | 
               | maybe that's more important
        
             | fnordpiglet wrote:
             | "We" is not nearly as many as you may believe. I would say
             | most people don't want to give up their car. That's why
             | people spend so much time maintaining their cars, polishing
             | them, buying nicer ones, etc. Some people want to give up
             | their cars, but you need everyone to want this, and they
             | don't. A technical solution is more likely to work than a
             | mass social upheaval.
        
               | bedobi wrote:
               | yeah wow when the only option people have for getting
               | around is to drive, most people will not want to give up
               | their car
               | 
               | our argument isn't that everyone should just stop
               | driving, leaving everything else as is. that would, as
               | you point out, obviously not work
               | 
               | our argument is that there needs to be feasible
               | alternatives to driving, which in many parts of the world
               | is already the case and it works great (in fact, it works
               | better than north american car dependency)
               | 
               | i do want to call out one more thing though
               | 
               | even if it was true that most people like their cars and
               | driving (which isn't true at all)
               | 
               | given that the degree to which people drive is literally
               | becoming an existential threat not only to future
               | generations but already to us now
               | 
               | should the rest of us really just go ah we'll just let it
               | slide then? like yes they're destroying our planet but,
               | they _really like their cars and driving_
               | 
               | i don't share that logic
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | The debate is whether we wait for society to change or we
               | change the technology. If cars didn't pollute the
               | existential threat from cars is removed. That problem is
               | pure engineering and tractable, while social change is
               | unsure and difficult thing to accomplish.
               | 
               | This isn't the end of car related issues. But we can and
               | should address the engineering and technology addressable
               | things, and concurrently with the social change. As you
               | say it's existential. There are a lot of other issues
               | about car culture - the extensive use of land for car
               | infrastructure for instance, that are important, but not
               | existential. I even think making biking safer is
               | important, but it's absolutely not existential. A less
               | car dependent culture is neither necessary nor sufficient
               | to address the issues of tire microplastic, co2 release,
               | etc, as we still have the use of cars as they exist
               | pervasively for other reasons than going to the store.
               | 
               | My point though is that people like driving so they will
               | drive even if it kills everyone. That's abundantly clear.
               | People move out of urban cores into suburbs partly
               | because of the car culture is more to their preference.
               | That's not a new phenomenon and it's not restricted to
               | the US. Many friends in UK, Holland, Germany, etc, moved
               | out of the cities for a more suburban car centric life.
               | So, if you can't easily change the behavior or preference
               | (which I never see happening in a democracy), then why
               | not address the ways in which cars destroy the earth? The
               | logic doesn't make sense to you because you posed a false
               | dichotomy. The options aren't "destroy the earth with
               | cars or save the earth without cars," because cars don't
               | necessarily have to destroy the earth.
               | 
               | As an exercise of the imagination, imagine hydroelectric
               | charged hovering quadracopter electric vehicles. They no
               | longer produce microplastics or co2. Their batteries are
               | 100% recyclable. What specifically would the issue be
               | then? Is it absurd to imagine such a thing? Given current
               | technology, it's absolutely NOT absurd. Given future
               | technology it's fully achievable. Instead of flying
               | vehicles, maybe just not touching the ground is enough?
               | Etc. This may not be how we solve the issues, but it's a
               | lot more plausible in my mind than convincing everyone to
               | pack into an urban core and stop driving to Costco.
        
               | seadan83 wrote:
               | The "we" clearly refers to society at large. (I suspect
               | you read what you wanted to read)
               | 
               | > Some people want to give up their cars, but you need
               | everyone to want this, and they don't
               | 
               | This is moving the goal posts, nobody said everyone would
               | want to make s transition and a requirement for this is a
               | novel requirement only now introduced by your response.
               | 
               | The example is akin to: 30 people are currently driving
               | to s grocery store 0.5 miles away. If the sidewalk to
               | that store didn't end after 250 feet but actually went
               | all the way, then 5 people would walk. If there were a
               | bike lane, then 3 people would bike, if there were a
               | decent bus, mird would ride, and finally if it were
               | closer..
               | 
               | The line of logic given is basically, "because 100% of
               | trips are done by car, nobody wants any alternative
               | infrastructure, and suggesting that some people would use
               | any alternative infrastructure is a war on cars."
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | If we means society at large that requires a large
               | portion of society if not more than a simple majority.
               | That doesn't exist for ending the use of automobiles. If
               | the goal is the reduce the impact of automobiles, assumed
               | from the thread being discussed, it's not sufficient to
               | help those who want to walk to walk to the grocery store.
               | That's a wonderful thing to do. But to reduce the impact
               | of tire microplastics, the most likely route to actually
               | achieve a reduction isn't to get people to walk to the
               | store. It's to address the microplastic debris of tires.
               | Better formulations, better runoff management, mass
               | reduction of cars.
               | 
               | Maybe we can change society fundamentally. Maybe. I posit
               | probably not. But we can _definitely_ mitigate the impact
               | of our cars on the environment and must. The rest is
               | "nice to have."
               | 
               | I don't think I ever say anything about 100% of trips
               | done by car implies a lack of desire to less car
               | reliance. Truly, this is reading what you wanted to read,
               | and a clear ascribing of a bone headed intention on my
               | part. But reducing reliance isn't enough to change the
               | problems meaningfully. As has been noted elsewhere the 5
               | minute drive to the store doesn't compare to the 2 hour
               | drive of the 18 wheeler trucks distributing and
               | redistributing the products from farm to store. Nor does
               | it compare to the work commute, nor does it compare to
               | the weekend outing to the mountains, with four or five
               | hours of driving total, 50x or more the trip to the
               | store.
               | 
               | I lived many years in NYC, and I walked to buy groceries.
               | It was good (although as my family grew the logistics of
               | carting that much food in a push cart got tedious to be
               | frank). But even in nyc I found myself increasingly
               | buying things via delivery, especially non perishable
               | items. Public transit takes _so long_ to get from one
               | part of the city to another, often two hours round trip,
               | that I found myself buying anything I needed on Amazon.
               | Which then brought delivery trucks into the picture. Uber
               | and Lyft and taxis were a constant part of life, even
               | with a pretty complete transit system, simply because to
               | get to a specific place not on a major line you had to do
               | multiple transfers and the total commute time ballooned.
               | Then you have to add in how incredibly unpleasant public
               | transit can be - hot trains, insane people attacking
               | people randomly, being pressed back to back for an hour
               | with a huge crowd of strangers, break downs of signaling.
               | 
               | Now I have a car and I live in a place that is walkable,
               | but is adapted to cars better than NYC. I enjoy walking
               | and biking, but I will never live in a car hostile
               | environment again.
        
               | bedobi wrote:
               | > car hostile environment
               | 
               | wow, talk about orwellian language conditioning. other
               | people take issue with me making needless trips in urban
               | spaces with my multiton, polluting, dangerous,
               | microplastics emitting private automobile... poor me i
               | live in such a car-hostile environment... give me a break
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | I'm not sure where the condescension comes from, but I
               | didn't ask for pity. I moved, as do many people in nyc
               | for this very reason.
        
               | seadan83 wrote:
               | You make some interesting points. I'm just trying to say
               | this conversation thread is starting to talk past one
               | another.
               | 
               | The 'we' was referring to the full population of people
               | and basically stated a significant subset of that 'we'
               | are willing to entertain (what are currently non-viable)
               | solutions.
               | 
               | In other words, a problem exists for 100 people, and
               | about 15 of them are willing to change their behavior
               | that would help resolve the problem confronting the whole
               | population (of 100 people).
               | 
               | Thus, the tit-for-tat, the OP is not suggesting a simple
               | majority or any kind of majority is required to change
               | their behavior, but is lamenting that a significant
               | minority would change their behavior if they could, if
               | they were enabled.
               | 
               | It's another way of saying, "those of us who would bike,
               | or walk, or would bus - would do so if there were the
               | slightest investment in those modes of transport to make
               | them more viable".
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | Yeah and it's absurd we don't make things more
               | accommodating. However case in point I live almost
               | exactly 0.5 miles from a Safeway. There are bike lanes
               | throughout my part of the city and nice sidewalks with
               | accessible ramps. I've literally never seen anyone ride
               | their bike to the store. Probably there are also hills
               | and folks don't want to ride uphill with groceries but
               | it's also just not registering as an option in most
               | people's mind. Nothing stops them at all. It's just not
               | their habit or preference. But I am glad the infra
               | exists, just I see people use it more for pleasure than
               | necessity.
        
             | Capricorn2481 wrote:
             | > Automobile dependency is not a technological problem, it
             | is a social problem.
             | 
             | This is what the commenter said.
        
         | avalys wrote:
         | Not driving is not a solution.
         | 
         | The reason zoning in the US requires developments to take cars
         | into account, is that people in the US want cars. And if
         | someone builds a new residential or commercial development that
         | doesn't recognize this reality, it creates problems for
         | everyone as people have nowhere to put the cars that they
         | definitely want to use.
         | 
         | Yes, there are some people who live in cities and are happy to
         | have the entirety of their life limited to the region they can
         | walk to, or the places where government-organized mass
         | transportation can deliver them like cattle. But those people
         | are the vast minority. Everyone else wants a car.
        
           | d0gbread wrote:
           | Chicken and the egg. You can't really make people not want
           | cars without better alternatives, which requires investments
           | that aren't being made.
           | 
           | I want a car, because I need a car. But put in a few bullet
           | trains and offshoots, a business model for vehicles that
           | enables access to a $100/month consumer fleet of shared
           | vehicles so I can grab a truck, minivan, whatever as needed,
           | and I will happily skip ownership.
        
             | avalys wrote:
             | This is a fantasy. In general, people don't want a shared
             | vehicle. If they did, everyone would own a 5-year-old
             | Toyota Camry, and not luxury pickup trucks, sports cars,
             | Mercedes and BMWs, etc.
             | 
             | The idea that these people are just sheep blinded by
             | marketing is ludicrous. You might spend $5 on a beer
             | instead of $4 because of marketing. You buy a $60,000 new
             | vehicle over a $15,000 used one because it's a good product
             | that you actually want.
        
               | bedobi wrote:
               | in places where people don't need to buy neither a $15 or
               | $60k private automobile, they don't buy any of them, they
               | just ride the train or a bike like normal people do
               | 
               | visit tokyo, paris or any other transit oriented city and
               | see for yourself
        
         | ilyt wrote:
         | And that still solves not all that much because you still have
         | to feed the city by fleet of trucks, and still need to have a
         | fleet of vans to deliver all of that to the stores you now walk
         | or cycle to.
        
           | hyperhopper wrote:
           | Are you insinuating a single truck carrying supplies for
           | _thousands_ to a store is even remotely comparable to
           | _thousands_ of cars driving to the store?
           | 
           | You're comment can be distilled to "well the solution is many
           | orders of magnitude better than the status quo, but it's not
           | perfect so it's equally bad"
        
           | anlsh wrote:
           | Not much? Do you drive? Do you see the number of consumer
           | vehicles on the road versus the number of trucks/delivery
           | vehicles? If we could work towards a huge reduction in
           | consumer vehicles on the road, even if we just replaced them
           | all with busses, that'd be a huge improvement in gas
           | consumption, traffic, (sub)urban sprawl, and more.
        
         | throwaway920102 wrote:
         | Or you know we could just all kill ourselves and that would
         | solve the problem too but people like realistic solutions.
         | Natural rubber exists and we don't have to use synthetic
         | compounds in tires, we can just have shittier tires.
         | 
         | Why do you propose no driving rather than shittier, more
         | expensive driving?
        
           | mplewis wrote:
           | No one suggested you kill yourself. Just that we build more
           | trains you can take.
        
         | noobermin wrote:
         | I hate to minimod, but this comment absolutely does not deserve
         | to be flagged. It's not flaming or baiting, it isn't violating
         | guidelines or spam or anything. It's not trolling.
         | 
         | The downvote is for disagreement. Do not flag to downvote,
         | please. FFS let's keep up the standards here and not devolve
         | into reddit.
        
       | pornel wrote:
       | It's weird they focus blame on passenger vehicles when trucks are
       | so much heavier.
       | 
       | Shift the freight to rail. No plastics to shed. Much more energy
       | efficient. Can be fully electric.
        
         | danny_codes wrote:
         | Seriously. America has spent 80 years punting their
         | infrastructure backwards. It's so embarrassing.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | verve_rat wrote:
       | Sweet! Can we unban plastic straws now? The vast majority of them
       | end up in landfill, not the ocean.
        
       | audunw wrote:
       | It's great to bring this problem up. But the focus on EVs is a
       | distraction.
       | 
       | > EVs tend to shed around 20 percent more from their tires due to
       | their higher weight and high torque compared to traditional
       | internal combustion engine-powered vehicles.
       | 
       | It's covered in this panel discussion on Fully Charged:
       | https://youtu.be/LeHakmL6eEc?si=ebBAn8RSDhmmLfHI
       | 
       | Fleet operators don't see any significant difference in tire
       | wear. EVs have higher torque but that doesn't matter unless to
       | drive like a mad-man. EVs also allow you to drive very smoothly
       | with no sudden jerk in torque.
       | 
       | Cars have been getting heavier long before EVs came around. One
       | of the problems is that EVs are all new. Too many of them are
       | bigger than they need to be. But that also goes for new ICE
       | vehicle models.
       | 
       | I'm not too worried about the weight of EVs long term. Batteries
       | are expensive. Increases in energy density, increase in vehicle
       | efficiency and decrease in weight tends to have very significant
       | effect on the amount of batteries you need to cover a certain
       | range, which has huge impact on the price.
       | 
       | What we need to focus on is infrastructure for walking, biking
       | and public transportation. An E-bike has made it just possible
       | for me to bike to work in a reasonable time. So I drive our EV
       | less and less to work.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | demondemidi wrote:
         | > What we need to focus on is infrastructure for walking,
         | biking and public transportation
         | 
         | And busses, light rail, intercity trains.
         | 
         | But America associates one-car-per-person with all kinds of
         | twisted politics and self-esteem anxiety.
         | 
         | We need a psyops program to wean people off cars, and it will
         | take a decade or more. Just look at the anger in any HN thread
         | that is critical of cars, it runs deep.
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | > look at the anger in any HN thread that is critical of cars
           | 
           | On the other hand: https://old.reddit.com/r/fuckcars
        
           | xyzelement wrote:
           | // But America associates one-car-per-person with all kinds
           | of twisted politics and self-esteem anxiety.
           | 
           | America offers various lifestyles, from big cities like NYC,
           | Boston, etc where a car is a liability, to near suburbs that
           | are well served by transit (eg, NYC tri-state area) where you
           | probably need a car but your daily commute doesn't involve
           | it, to more spread-out and rural living where car is
           | absolutely necessary.
           | 
           | This speaks to a trade-off between density and car-
           | dependence. People across the globe face similar trade-offs
           | (eg: 50% of Dutch persons own a car, 86% of French households
           | do...)
        
             | rafram wrote:
             | But we can do better. 92% of Americans own a car, only
             | slightly higher than the rate in France, but the average
             | American drives twice as many miles in a year as the
             | average French person does [1]. There are a lot of trips
             | that will always need a car. Lots of people still want to
             | own a car, even if they live somewhere with a good rail
             | network. But they don't need to drive it as much. It's not
             | that they're being forced not to drive, it's that rail is
             | such a great option for getting around that there's simply
             | no need to use a car for most trips. That should be our
             | goal in the US.
             | 
             | [1] https://frontiergroup.org/resources/fact-file-
             | americans-driv...
        
           | danny_codes wrote:
           | > We need a psyops program to wean people off cars, and it
           | will take a decade or more. Just look at the anger in any HN
           | thread that is critical of cars, it runs deep.
           | 
           | That 10 billion of car ad spend per year adds up.
        
           | coryrc wrote:
           | Be willing to enforce civility in public. In Japan 7-year-old
           | kids can ride the subway; here we have junkies burning
           | fentanyl, vagrants with pitbulls, and "showtime". Gee, why
           | wouldn't I want public transit to be an inseparable part of
           | my life?
        
             | demondemidi wrote:
             | You are conflating two vastly different issues as part of
             | pro-car propaganda. There is a drug epidemic AND there is a
             | homeless crisis.
             | 
             | Those have nothing to do with investing in public
             | transportation.
             | 
             | Your agenda is showing, lay off the NewsMax, my friend.
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | No, I lived this. I want to live where I can bicycle
               | entirely (and mostly did, because transit is often
               | dirty). I'm working toward spending a few years in Japan
               | and later the Netherlands. But only because we can't have
               | nice things in the USA. I'm not going to live where
               | junkies own all public spaces and kids get stuck on
               | needles and die.
        
         | cscurmudgeon wrote:
         | > What we need to focus on is infrastructure for walking,
         | biking and public transportation.
         | 
         | And better tires.
        
         | dragontamer wrote:
         | > EVs have higher torque but that doesn't matter unless to
         | drive like a mad-man
         | 
         | Its not torque that matters. Its simply friction and normal
         | force. And that's directly caused by weight. Tire Wear is
         | something like (weight^4), so small increases in weight will
         | have huge increases to wear-and-tear.
         | 
         | ---------
         | 
         | I think the real issue is that 3000lbs to 4500lbs, while a
         | significant increase in tire wear, is still small compared to
         | the big 5000lb to 8000lb vehicles that people use in practice.
         | I'm sure a 4500lb EV is bad, but I'd expect a 6000 lb SUV or
         | Truck to be worse (and a 8000lb electric-SUV to be the absolute
         | worst).
         | 
         | But beyond just consumer cars are semi-trucks, which almost
         | certainly are the top tire-wear vehicles on the roads. I'd
         | expect almost all of the plastic from "tire wear" to come from
         | a semi-truck (again, weight to the power of 4), given their
         | grossly increased weight.
         | 
         | > walking, biking and public transportation
         | 
         | Semi-trucks are replaced by trains. Not by walking and biking.
         | I mean, I want more walkable paths and all. But this
         | _particular_ problem is solved with freight trains.
         | 
         | Last-mile is difficult. Do we want 100-people in a neighborhood
         | driving 100x cars to a store? Or would we rather have 1x large
         | truck deliver a (heavier) package to 100x different people?
         | We're screwed in both cases, and rail can't save us.
         | 
         | But trains don't use rubber and trains wheels / rails are made
         | from steel. I'm sure some particles fly off as iron (or iron-
         | oxide/rust), but surely much less than rubber given how much
         | stronger steel wheels / steel tracks are.
        
           | highwaylights wrote:
           | Or people just get their groceries delivered. Way more
           | convenient, not expensive anymore (I get unlimited deliveries
           | for a fairly paltry annual fee), and saves on journeys as the
           | truck just loads up on lots of people's deliveries all at
           | once.
           | 
           | It also scales better - if more people are having groceries
           | delivered then each trucks stops become more closely
           | clustered (unless the computers involved are just doing a
           | poor job).
        
             | galangalalgol wrote:
             | As the tire wear varies with the square of the weight we
             | are comparing:
             | 
             | 100x(car weight + grocery weight)^2 Vs (Truck weight + 100x
             | grocery weight)^2
             | 
             | I couldn't find an empty weight for a box truck that could
             | carry that much but assuming 10klbs total, and that grocery
             | weight is negligible to the car, it looks like thebtruck is
             | slightly better. It doesn't seem like a clear win.
        
           | ok_computer wrote:
           | Honest question how does shear force proportional to torque
           | not factor in? Coefficient of friction is shear over normal.
           | Mechanical properties are a function of temperature and quick
           | startups assuredly contribute to wear. An extreme example is
           | drag racing. Cars are highway driving in steady state
           | cruising for more miles and time but in the US around town
           | driving has stop lights.
        
             | djhedges wrote:
             | Even at steady state cruising the the tires are flexing and
             | stretching with each revolution. Tires are round but a
             | driveway is flat. If you look at the contact patch of the
             | tire it flattens a bit to confirm to the driveway's shape.
             | Now visualize with each revolution that flatten part of the
             | tire is cycling around the wheel.
             | 
             | At a microscopic level there's a lot edges in the road
             | surface that we don't fully appreciate which also
             | contributes to tire wear.
             | http://insideracingtechnology.com/tirebkexerpt1.htm
        
           | undersuit wrote:
           | >Do we want 100-people in a neighborhood driving 100x cars to
           | a store? Or would we rather have 1x large truck deliver a
           | (heavier) package to 100x different people?
           | 
           | Why can't the majority of the people walk to a store and the
           | rest can be serviced by a smaller truck?
        
             | dragontamer wrote:
             | My overall point is that the "last mile" we're just screwed
             | unless we fundamentally redesign our neighborhoods and
             | shape of our cities.
             | 
             | Its pretty damn obvious that as the USA is laid out right
             | now, we don't have any good last-mile solutions outside of
             | 100x different people driving to the same store and picking
             | up what they want. And its not like houses are going to
             | pick themselves up and move to a store, and given zoning
             | laws no one is going to move a store into a neighborhood
             | either. (People won't like the crime that comes with it).
             | 
             | So whatever, that's that. I don't see this issue changing.
             | But I do think that the truck/rail situation can change.
             | Fewer people are in the decision-making process for train
             | vs truck, and factories can be designed (and/or redesigned)
             | to fit trains.
             | 
             | I'd assume that its easier to convince one or two factory
             | owners to switch from truck-based to train-based
             | logistics... rather than convincing 100x homehowners to
             | vote at the next HOA meeting to start a city-campaign legal
             | change to change the local zoning laws and possibly lower
             | everyone's housing values by increasing crime in the
             | neighborhood during this rise in shoplifting going on right
             | now...
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | IIRC there is a push in some areas to switch to e-bikes;
               | while they carry less, you also don't need a CDL to ride
               | a bicycle and there is a chronic shortage of CDL drivers.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | There's no shortage of anything except training and
               | wages/benefits. At some point, companies are going to
               | have to bite the bullet and start training their own
               | employees. The horror!
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | There is a legitimate lack, partially because the federal
               | guidelines for holding a CDL rule out anyone who uses
               | marijuana.
        
               | corethree wrote:
               | infra is not going to change in the US. Too much
               | individual ownership at stake.
               | 
               | For example I care about the environment but not enough
               | to throw away a one million dollar suburban house for it.
               | 
               | Basically to fix this problem is essentially to cause
               | current suburban housing to depreciate in value until the
               | property has become essentially worthless which is
               | against much of the populations self interest as many
               | people own homes. Either way, this kind of thing has sort
               | of already happened in Japan.
               | 
               | That being said in CA there are measures to combat this
               | problem. ADUs and SB-9 to increase density, but adoption
               | has not yet been that wide spread.
        
               | lifeisstillgood wrote:
               | >>>Either way, this kind of thing has sort of already
               | happened in Japan.
               | 
               | Can you explain?
        
               | corethree wrote:
               | In japan most physical houses are worth more than the
               | property they stand on. That's why real estate prices in
               | japan constantly depreciate.
               | 
               | The only place where this isn't true are big urban cities
               | like tokyo near really good locations.
               | 
               | See source: https://japanpropertycentral.com/real-estate-
               | faq/popular-myt...
               | 
               | Nobody really talks about why there's this dichotomy
               | between Japan in and the US. The reasoning is
               | multifaceted. One of these things is infrastructure.
               | Japan cities have extremely good infrastructure and are
               | super clean. Living in Tokyo is close to living in a
               | futuristic utopian cyberpunk society. So people know that
               | the urban way of life is 100x better.
               | 
               | The Western US is centered around suburban life where
               | everyone drives cars. Property is spread out and not much
               | is invested in cities on the west coast. People don't see
               | the value of city life as much. The east side of the US
               | is more hybridized where rural and city properties are
               | valued for different reasons.
               | 
               | Much of this dichotomy between countries is driven by
               | lack of land in Japan and a lowering population. However
               | this just pushes japan ahead of the curve. As energy
               | becomes more and more expensive all economies will
               | inevitably shift to becoming more like japan where
               | suburban properties become more and more worthless.
        
               | wnoise wrote:
               | > (People won't like the crime that comes with it).
               | 
               | Does crime come with it? I certainly wouldn't expect
               | that.
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | People don't shoplift at their neighbors homes. They
               | shoplift at grocery stores and whatever.
               | 
               | Crime happens at places of commerce. That's just... how
               | it works. Places of commerce have both goods to steal
               | (especially useful black-market goods, like Tide
               | Detergent) and cash-registers to steal from. I'm not
               | saying like "murders" or whatever, but when a
               | neighborhood has +100 police reports in a month, the Real
               | Estate agents notice that and home values drop.
               | 
               | That's just... how it works. Its not necessarily about
               | "which crimes are actually dangerous" or whatever, people
               | just pay attention to crime heatmaps and don't really
               | look into the details.
               | 
               | You stick a store designed to sell to homes, that store
               | _will_ have homegoods, including Tide Detergent, in
               | stock. That Tide _will_ be stolen, its just so easy to
               | steal, easy to sell in the black market. That stolen good
               | will be reported on police reports (so that the store can
               | get back its insurance, or write it off or whatever they
               | plan to do accounting wise). That police report will drop
               | nearby home values.
        
               | wcarss wrote:
               | If people think grocery stores existing within walking
               | distance of their homes will lower their home values, due
               | to some rise in shoplifting in the news implying crime in
               | their area, then the war for any sensible policy
               | decisions is lost.
               | 
               | That's like ten carts before a horse or some brawndo has
               | what plants crave shit. I can walk to the grocery store
               | where I live -- my house is worth more _because_ it has
               | decent access to amenities.
        
               | uoaei wrote:
               | Can you quote actual statistics, not merely
               | sensationalizing articles, demonstrating an increase in
               | shoplifting? As far as I've seen there is no evidence to
               | back up this common assertion. The narrative that is
               | floating around is doing a lot of work to convince people
               | it's true but where are the facts?
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | No.
               | 
               | Empirically, myself and my sister have witnessed
               | shoplifters personally in recent months. I know this is
               | anecdotal data, but anecdotes (especially personal ones)
               | are enough for myself. At least in my area, it seems like
               | shoplifters _are_ on the rise.
               | 
               | I don't need to prove it to other people on the internet.
               | My own eyes with my own life is enough proof for me. If
               | that's not enough for you, whatever. Seeing news reports
               | that others are seeing similar rises matches my "gut
               | check".
               | 
               | ------------
               | 
               | Now people stealing food from grocery stores is... you
               | know... the lowest level of shoplifting. These people
               | aren't stealing like, luxury goods. They're clearly just
               | trying to survive. Its not like a criminal gang or
               | organized crime that'd be deeply rooted and/or difficult
               | to deal with.
               | 
               | IMO, its weird that people would rather shoplift than to
               | apply and/or use a WIC card (food stamps). So its a
               | conundrum for another day in any case, its a crime
               | (albeit relatively victimless. Sure sucks for the staff
               | and the grocery store but I've seen worse...). But its
               | still speaks poorly for neighborhoods and makes people
               | feel less safe. So yeah, it needs to stop. But I can 100%
               | believe that shoplifting is on the rise today.
               | Anecdotally at least.
               | 
               | There's other low-level crimes, like obviously not-paying
               | for the subway, that I think is on the rise by my eyes as
               | well. These also make people feel unsafe and/or
               | unappreciated (tax dollars wasted, etc. etc.) and is bad
               | for our neighborhoods.
               | 
               | I do know that statistically speaking, the personal
               | savings rate of people has declined, wages haven't kept
               | with inflation, etc. etc. So these actions make sense in
               | the greater economic situation IMO.
               | 
               | I don't necessarily want a police crackdown to throw all
               | these people in jail. But we do need to do something,
               | maybe make WIC cards easier to apply for (at every
               | grocery store for example), or stuff like that. We
               | literally have a food-stamps program, why aren't people
               | using it? Why are they shoplifting instead?
               | 
               | --------
               | 
               | If I cared, I probably would start by interviewing /
               | personally talking to cashiers at my local grocery store
               | before I trusted online articles anyway. And I'd suggest
               | you do the same if you cared about this issue. The
               | internet is just not as good a source of information as
               | the front-line workers here.
               | 
               | Every grocery store clerk has a feel. Talk with them next
               | time you visit the store, don't be a political asshat
               | about it but it wouldn't take more than 1 or 2 minutes to
               | ask them if they've noticed more shoplifters. Obviously
               | don't eat up all their time either (they're on the job
               | after all). With luck, you might see a manager watching
               | all the clerks who'd have more freetime to talk about
               | shoplifters too.
        
             | CableNinja wrote:
             | Housing density, and radius of "walkable" to the average
             | human.
             | 
             | I live in a neighborhood full of small apartments, single
             | level duplexes, and single family homes. What stores are
             | walkable? The liquor store, and gas station, and if i
             | really feel like it, dominos and 7-11, both of which are at
             | least 1/4 mile one way. Most others in this area, dont get
             | those even. Past that its about a mile one way to the
             | actual grocery store. And then after all the shopping, i
             | have to walk back, now with 50+lbs of groceries.
             | 
             | Honestly, all this we need more walkable cities stuff, i
             | get it, yes, you should be able to get places by walking,
             | but really, its just not even feasible most times if youre
             | going to be buying something. Im not gonna walk home from
             | best buy 4+ miles away heaving a huge TV on my back, no one
             | will. We invented transportation that didnt involve humans
             | using their legs because we are slow, and easily over
             | encumbered when carrying things. Theres a reason we saw an
             | explosion of carriages way back. Its easier to haul more,
             | and much faster, than if a person, or even many people at
             | once, were to do it.
             | 
             | Housing density is a huge factor in a lot of this, but
             | having swaths of tall purely apartment buildings is also
             | not the answer. People want single family homes and other
             | styles for many reasons. They wont be going away anytime
             | soon. And even if they did, the only answer is _very_ mixed
             | use zoning.
             | 
             | One of my favorite examples, in downtown Denver, there is a
             | tall apartment building, stacked on top of a large chain
             | grocery store, it includes parking for the store, and spots
             | for the building, under the building too. This is what i
             | would consider peak use, and what people complain about
             | walkable cities really need to focus on. Having a city you
             | can walk anywhere is great, but you need to be able to get
             | to the societal needs without having to walk far. Of course
             | the grocery store also serves for a large part of that
             | neighborhood, and distance to the store is a variable, but
             | this mainly serves multiple buildings in a small area. The
             | big problem is all the space we waste dedicating to
             | parking. It might be more expensive, but you can gain a lot
             | more use if you force parking lots to have shops
             | above/below them, and that reclaimed flat land can then be
             | used for the mixed use building. Parking is also not going
             | away, like i said, we invented carriages for a reason.
             | Howwwweeeeevvvveeerrr all of this comes with a number of
             | caveats, like the ridiculous price to lease a storefront,
             | build the building, etc, and of course its just a feedback
             | loop that gets worse as we waste more space, space becomes
             | premium.
             | 
             | All of this is to sum up my point, walkability is variable
             | by person, and changes greatly depending on if youre going
             | to have to be carrying things, and theres never going to be
             | good "walkable" cities, short of nuking a city and starting
             | over, you wont make it vastly better, especially with the
             | politicians and government we have now.
        
               | swores wrote:
               | So people in your type of neighbourhood maybe can't start
               | walking everywhere right away, but you don't need to also
               | think "walking is out forever" - you can start lobbying
               | your local politicians, and voting for the ones who want
               | to improve things rather than sit in their 4x4 enjoying
               | the status quo.
               | 
               | (And personally if I lived somewhere unwalkable I'd move
               | home to address that, though I appreciate there can be
               | reasons to either not want to move or to not be able to
               | move.)
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Though folks who prioritized that would probably not move
               | to such a place in large numbers?
               | 
               | Unless they changed their mind to that state due to some
               | major economic shifts after the move anyway.
        
               | badpun wrote:
               | A mile to a store is a very comfortable distance. I've
               | lived in such situation for a couple of years and just
               | walked to the store a couple times a week, hauling back a
               | couple of kilograms of groceries in my backpack every
               | time. I needed the walk and the exercise anyway, and this
               | way I was killing two birds with one stone.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | So no kids?
        
             | dataflow wrote:
             | How far do you think people should be willing to walk to a
             | store?
        
               | Gibbon1 wrote:
               | My data point when I lived in SF is I would walk a third
               | of a mile with two bags of groceries. But didn't really
               | want to walk half a mile.
               | 
               | Back when I lived in San Jose I could also walk to the
               | store because way back in the 1940's they put a
               | pedestrian walkway between two streets which dropped the
               | walking distance from my house to the shopping center
               | from half a mile to again a third of a mile.
               | 
               | Which brings up something I think is over looked. Which
               | is the layout of streets in post war housing tracts makes
               | the distances you need to walk twice are far as they
               | could be. With zoning changes, money and some eminent
               | domain we could make things better.
        
               | undersuit wrote:
               | People should walk as far as they are willing to walk.
        
               | CableNinja wrote:
               | As i mentioned in my other post. Thats not far for most
               | people. More than 1/4 mile and people will not hesitate
               | to get the car
        
               | swores wrote:
               | I'm sure there are many people for whom that is true, but
               | there are also many people who would laugh at the idea of
               | driving two miles instead of walking, or laugh at the
               | idea of driving six miles instead of cycling (even with a
               | bag or two of shopping).
               | 
               | I think a lot of the difference between people comes down
               | to their childhood - what they learned as default
               | behaviour. Though obviously people can change as they
               | grow up too, either personality wise or having
               | health/physical reasons they either can't walk far or
               | can't drive at all. But my point is that just because
               | some people feel that 3 minutes is the maximum time for
               | walking before a car should be used instead it doesn't
               | mean that short distance is an immutable fact, and many
               | people could get used to walking slightly further
               | distances and discover that no only is it not the end of
               | the world, but it's even a good way to stay or become a
               | bit fitter and healthier!
        
               | Animatronio wrote:
               | I was just thinking - why don't they make electrified
               | coin-operated shopping carts that you can take home and
               | return when you're done with them? That would greatly
               | extend the carrying capacity of a single person and maybe
               | make car trips redundant.
        
               | desas wrote:
               | Because nearly no-one wants to walk to the store, walk
               | home, walk back to the store to return the cart and then
               | walk home again.
               | 
               | I never drive to the store and I still wouldn't do that.
        
               | Animatronio wrote:
               | You'd keep the cart until next time you need it.
        
               | CableNinja wrote:
               | Thats just buying a shopping cart with extra steps
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | Are you serious? That's 400m. One lap of the athletics
               | track. Should take about 4 minutes at walking speed.
               | 
               | Aren't there shopping malls in the US longer/wider than
               | this?
               | 
               | I think I walk further than that between buildings to get
               | to the canteen at lunch time. I tell people I live
               | "really close" to a metro station and it's 380m away.
        
               | redwall_hp wrote:
               | I'd say most people in overly car-centric areas balk at
               | walking from the far end of a Walmart parking lot.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | jayd16 wrote:
             | I wouldn't mind walking to the store now and then but
             | usually I make fewer trips for more than I could carry.
        
               | undersuit wrote:
               | So you're going to drive a multi-ton vehicle instead of
               | bringing a folding cart?
        
               | avalys wrote:
               | Yes, because we're a wealthy and productive society and
               | the fruits of human progress in the past 300 years have
               | allowed us to build a civilization where nearly everyone
               | can afford to use a multi-ton machine of nearly
               | incomprehensible complexity and sophistication to carry
               | them around, instead of pushing a cart like a peasant
               | 5,000 years ago did.
        
               | seanp2k2 wrote:
               | Check out eg https://youtu.be/hmk5cxpAfcw where he's
               | flying by all the cars stuck in traffic on his human-
               | powered peasant wheels.
               | 
               | Auto companies lobbied governments and put out propaganda
               | to get cities to rip out street cars and rail in the
               | early 1900s. They did this to sell more cars, so this is
               | what we get.
        
               | avalys wrote:
               | If you want to ban cars from New York City, that's fine
               | with me. Do you realize that NYC makes up 0.008% of the
               | land area in the United States?
        
               | avalys wrote:
               | Your young and fit rollerblade dude doesn't seem to be
               | carrying much in the way of groceries or supervising any
               | young children.
               | 
               | What about the single mother of three with a disability?
               | Should she push a cart to the grocery store? Who is
               | watching her kids while she does this?
        
               | undersuit wrote:
               | Why can't the majority of the people walk to a store and
               | the rest can be serviced by a smaller truck?
        
               | undersuit wrote:
               | Yes we can afford this now. In the context of "Tire Dust
               | Makes Up the Majority of Ocean Microplastics" how long
               | can we afford this? Just like dumping Freon, and CO2 into
               | the atmosphere have long term consequences that require
               | our society to change, how long can we go aerosolizing
               | rubber?
        
               | seanp2k2 wrote:
               | I wonder how hard it would be to capture this with some
               | kind of aero device in the wheel wells of vehicles. Given
               | what F1 teams can do with aero, it doesn't seem like a
               | huge stretch to be able to suck up these particles at the
               | source and pass them through a filter bag like a
               | household vacuum or something.
        
               | uoaei wrote:
               | That's a fascinating idea. I hope someone (you?) pursues
               | it.
        
               | avalys wrote:
               | Governments have paid very little attention to this
               | problem to date. It seems like regulation on chemical
               | composition of tires might be warranted. I don't have a
               | problem with that.
               | 
               | The fanatic anti-car people will actually reduce the
               | chances of meaningful regulation being passed here - as
               | they won't be able to resist trying to use this
               | opportunity to actually make cars more expensive and less
               | accessible to people, and reduce overall car use, etc.
               | 
               | Thus, reasonable people who are not fanatically opposed
               | to cars will be suspicious of whether the proposed
               | regulation is really needed, or just an excuse to achieve
               | socio-political goals that can't be achieved directly.
               | 
               | This is exactly the same dynamic that affects other
               | issues, e.g. gun control. The extremists will block
               | reasonable progress.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Unfortunately we have been pushing the costs onto
               | everybody else: as evidenced by climate change and micro
               | plastics. And now the bill is starting to come due.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | I have a wheeled shopping cart thing (not sure what to
               | really call it, but it's the standard one). I can only
               | fit some milk and a few things in there, it is no where
               | near as capable as my car. I still use it, since I don't
               | like driving to the store (we live near 3 big grocery
               | stores, and a soon to be closed city target), and it's
               | useful for getting snacks to school when it's my turn,
               | but I don't see it as a car replacement.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | When it's easier and (value of time) cheaper, why not?
        
               | undersuit wrote:
               | You seem to have different issues than the person I'm
               | replying to. Maybe your situation is different. If you
               | nearest grocery store is 45 minutes away by walking maybe
               | your situation requires a different solution than someone
               | who has expressed interest to walk but stated that they
               | might buy too many groceries to walk that home.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Nope. A car is convenient (the comment I was replying
               | too) in both situations!
               | 
               | Weird, eh?
        
             | beedeebeedee wrote:
             | > Why can't the majority of the people walk to a store and
             | the rest can be serviced by a smaller truck?
             | 
             | Single-use zoning. Most people in the US live in areas
             | where you can't walk to a store.
        
               | seanp2k2 wrote:
               | For example, San Jose: https://youtu.be/SWtb3GsLrTI
        
               | doubled112 wrote:
               | The nearest store is a 45 minute walk (one way) from my
               | townhouse. I'm not in the US, but Canada. Driving drops
               | that to 8 minutes.
               | 
               | The sprawl is real and I just don't always have 1.5 hours
               | to dedicate to grabbing bread.
        
               | mzmzmzm wrote:
               | This kind of gets at the root of the problem. Take away
               | cars, and the whole North American built environment is
               | just not worth as much as the pyramid scheme of real
               | estate we have in place of social safety nets.
        
               | ryukafalz wrote:
               | > The nearest store is a 45 minute walk (one way) from my
               | townhouse. I'm not in the US, but Canada. Driving drops
               | that to 8 minutes.
               | 
               | Assuming an average adult walking speed of 3 mph, I'm
               | guessing that's somewhere in the ballpark of 2.25 miles?
               | So something like 11 minutes at an average cycling speed
               | of 12 mph, yeah? The distances here don't feel
               | insurmountable.
        
               | doubled112 wrote:
               | It isn't the distance that is insurmountable by bike, no.
               | 
               | Alone it would be fine, I know what I'm doing. If I add
               | my children to the mix, it is a little sketchy due to
               | what I'd consider tricky spots.
               | 
               | There are no sidewalks, no bike lanes, no curbs, a
               | squeeze over a bridge where two cars won't fit around the
               | corner simultaneously, and a couple of roundabouts that
               | drivers just don't understand (one normal, one mini). I
               | can't quite trust them to do the right things. The
               | drivers or my children in this instance.
        
               | ryukafalz wrote:
               | Sure, I don't doubt that the infrastructure is terrible
               | for cycling. It is where I live in the US too. But I
               | think it's worth calling out that the distances involved
               | often are well-suited for cycling, even if the streets
               | today aren't.
               | 
               | Where the distances are okay but the streets aren't,
               | safer streets can make cycling feasible. Where the
               | distances are too far for cycling, you need both safer
               | streets _and_ a shift in land use to get people out of
               | their cars. Both are doable in the long term, but the
               | former is much more tractable in the short- and medium-
               | term.
        
               | undersuit wrote:
               | Yes _now_ , but I have assume to were talking about
               | improvements and the future of "walking, biking and
               | public transportation" since adunw started this thread
               | with that sentiment.
        
               | slackwaredragon wrote:
               | A lot of people can't look beyond their own generation
               | and if it's something that takes 20-30 years to realize
               | they just simply think it's too difficult. I see this
               | with my generation (Gen-X), newer generations and even
               | older generations.
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | The report they cite has a litte icon of a train in their
           | solutions infographic section, page 89:
           | 
           | https://www.systemiq.earth/wp-
           | content/uploads/2020/07/Breaki...
        
           | neon_electro wrote:
           | My Bolt EV has a curb weight of 3624lbs; there are examples
           | of vehicles that could have dramatically lower impact, but
           | it's frustrating that GM doesn't seem inclined to keep cars
           | like this in production. (Yes, they're hinting at producing
           | the Bolt EV in the future, it's unfortunate that they can't
           | just keep producing the current Bolt until then)
        
           | Stinky_Lisa wrote:
           | Last mile can be resolved with drones and bikes. I wouldnt
           | even be opposed to consider going back to horses.
        
             | swores wrote:
             | Are horses actually environmentally friendly? I know that
             | having a pet dog can be one of, if not the most, un-
             | environmentally friendly things a person can do due to the
             | amount they eat, so I could imagine horses having the same
             | problem and not being as good as electric cars yet alone
             | electric bikes, but I don't know anything about horses so
             | maybe they're very efficient eaters?
             | 
             | I do know that back before cars, places like NYC had many
             | tens of thousands of horses working in the streets, leading
             | to huge amounts of horse shit everywhere (so much so that
             | even though it does have industrial uses, it's value was
             | practically zero), plus something like half a dozen horses
             | dying on the streets every day and being left to putrefy -
             | so some logistical improvements compared to last time
             | needed at the very least, though 120 years ago people
             | weren't caring much about the fuel efficiency comparisons.
        
               | aksss wrote:
               | Yep, horses are massively expensive to own. Aside from
               | required caloric intake, think living space, waste
               | disposal, pests, specialized care (farrier), vet bills,
               | tack, grooming. Ugh.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | downWidOutaFite wrote:
           | I was in the market for a small electric city car and found
           | out that we're not allowed to have small cars in the US.
           | Europe and Asia have really nice small city cars under
           | 2,000lbs but none of them are available here. I believe the
           | smallest car sold in the US is the Mini Cooper around
           | 3,000lbs. I actually ended up with a souped up street legal
           | golf cart and it's worked out well for my purposes of picking
           | up kids and groceries within a 5 mile radius, though I'm in
           | the Bay Area where the weather is not too extreme most of the
           | year. I'm not sure why this market is neglected.
        
             | dragontamer wrote:
             | Doesn't really matter in any case.
             | 
             | The bulk of the problem is 5000lb+ vehicles. F150, SUVs
             | like Suburbans, etc. etc. I'm not even sure if people are
             | using these big vehicles to carry their families around,
             | its probably just single-person drivers in most cases.
             | 
             | I'm not even sure how to approach the weight problem. We
             | have plenty of cars in the 3000lb or 4000lb range but more-
             | and-more people are pushing 5000lb+.
        
               | redwall_hp wrote:
               | A tax during annual registration based on axle weight to
               | the fourth power times the number of miles driven since
               | the last odometer reading.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_power_law
               | 
               | There are some horrible states without annual
               | inspections, but they should be federally punished until
               | they comply. If we could force every state to have a
               | drinking age of 21, using access to highway funding, then
               | there's no reason the same thing couldn't be done for
               | vehicular taxation. It would increase state tax revenue
               | anyway...
        
             | enragedcacti wrote:
             | The Mitsubishi Mirage is available in the US and comes in
             | at just ~2100lbs, but it really ends up just serving the
             | purpose of showing how huge of a gap there is in the
             | American market. The fact that Mitsubishi can make a
             | 4-door, 40mpg, 2100lbs car that passes US regs on a
             | shoestring sale price shows that other mfgs could but just
             | don't have the incentive to. You have the cancelled Chevy
             | Spark at 2246lbs, the 2-seater Miata at 2,341lbs, and then
             | the next lightest is a Versa with +500lbs on the Mirage.
        
               | redwall_hp wrote:
               | The Honda Fit, which is very popular, isn't even sold in
               | the US anymore. Curb weight is low 3000s, all of the
               | passenger seats fold down, it parallel parks trivially,
               | and it's fun to drive. It's basically a 90s Civic.
               | 
               | I'm angry about this often, as mine is over fifteen years
               | old. If I had to replace it with a new car, I'd want
               | another Fit. The closest thing on the market is probably
               | a hatchback Civic...and the whole reason for the Fit
               | existing is because international pressure made the Civic
               | too large and heavy for the desirable tax bracket in the
               | Japanese market.
               | 
               | And it's not even small for the Japanese market, because
               | they have the whole kei class, with strong incentives to
               | drive smaller cars. Which is how it should work
               | everywhere: severe tax penalties for larger cars, to
               | promote public safety and fairly pay for the fourth-power
               | law that affects road wear.
        
         | Synaesthesia wrote:
         | The important point is there are far greener alternatives than
         | EV's. EV's cost a lot of resources to build, which means a lot
         | of environmental destruction and carbon output. Plus as we see
         | they still contribute to this tyre dust problem. They are not
         | the holy grail. Rail, public transport, e-bikes and better city
         | design is.
        
           | djaychela wrote:
           | This argument about EV resource use for construction is
           | fossil fuel industry FUD. The difference is outweighed within
           | a year or two of driving versus an ICE vehicle.
        
             | swores wrote:
             | It can be simultaneously true that EVs are absolutely a big
             | improvement over ICE vehicles, and that switching all
             | vehicles to EVs doesn't solve 100% of the problems -
             | therefore it's good to both continue pushing to move to
             | EVs, and to push for alternatives as suggested by GP.
        
         | goalieca wrote:
         | > Fleet operators don't see any significant difference in tire
         | wear.
         | 
         | Larger vehicles have larger tires. The size of a tire on a
         | Tesla is a lot bigger than on my small sedan. They may both go
         | 150,000km but one surely pollutes more.
        
           | djaychela wrote:
           | True, but you should be comparing like with like here. A
           | similar sized ICE vehicle will have similar sized tyres to
           | the Tesla.
        
             | goalieca wrote:
             | A similar sized ICE vehicle by weight will be much larger
             | in volume. I compare a Tesla sedan with an actual ICE sedan
             | and not a 3 row minivan.
        
               | Kirby64 wrote:
               | Comparing a Tesla sedan to common ICE sedans...
               | 
               | Tesla Model 3 uses 235/45R18 tires. The tires that come
               | with the car have a treadwear of 500, so ~50k miles of
               | use. Quite middle of the road in terms of treadwear, and
               | you can get much stickier (and much lower life) tires
               | such as the Pilot Sport 4S.
               | 
               | 4 competitors for the sedan in the luxury class:
               | 
               | BMW 330i uses 225/45R18
               | 
               | Audi A3 uses 225/40R18
               | 
               | Lexus ES250 uses 235/45R18
               | 
               | Mercedes C300 uses 225/45R18
               | 
               | Tire size seems all nearly identical to me. Some small
               | variance, but broadly extremely close.
        
         | oxfordmale wrote:
         | For equivalent sized vehicles, EVs are heavier, simply because
         | current generation batteries still do not match the energy
         | density of fossil fuels.
         | 
         | There is even discussions to start using concrete for roads to
         | handle the increased weight of EVs.
        
           | maxerickson wrote:
           | FWIW, chemical batteries won't ever match the energy density
           | of fossil fuels.
           | 
           | Of course they don't need to, so it's not really an
           | interesting comparison. The range/mass of the entire
           | drivetrain is probably a reasonable comparison.
        
           | djaychela wrote:
           | A kia Nero EV is ~200kg heavier than the ice version. That's
           | equivalent to two passengers. The weight delta of large
           | vehicles is far more of an issue than drive train
           | differences.
        
         | chiefalchemist wrote:
         | > Cars have been getting heavier long before EVs came around.
         | One of the problems is that EVs are all new. Too many of them
         | are bigger than they need to be. But that also goes for new ICE
         | vehicle models.
         | 
         | I'm not too worried about the weight of EVs long term.
         | 
         | Given the rate of climate change / ecological damage, what
         | definition are we using for "long term"?
         | 
         | That aside, you've might have buried the lede. The switch over
         | to EVs should represent an opportunity to revisit and evolve
         | what personal transportation could look like and should look
         | like[1]. Instead we've taking the same *old* bigger, stronger,
         | faster paradigm and replacing petrol with a plug. Humans' role
         | in the bigger broader picture isn't changing. It's the starus
         | quo with a solar panel.
         | 
         | There's a better than fair chance we're going to regret
         | squandering this opportunity.
         | 
         | [1] Similar happened with the pandemic...an opportunity to
         | revist and rethink was quickly swept aside for back to the
         | status quo. ASAP please. That's great for the status quo but
         | certain a concern for the long term.
        
         | danny_codes wrote:
         | Exactly. Designing transit systems around cars was a colossal
         | mistake. Now that the data are clear, it's time to rebuild.
         | Over the next few decades, we need to tear down existing car
         | infrastructure and replace it with walking/biking/transit.
         | 
         | A side benefit (aside from the particulate pollution, energy
         | waste, noise pollution, high death toll, increased inter-
         | destination distance, decreased QOL) is that it'll be like an
         | order of magnitude cheaper. Cars are a rather expensive way to
         | get around. The Netherlands actually considers biking to be
         | +17cents per mile (as in, considered revenue), because of
         | reduced healthcare costs.
        
           | avalys wrote:
           | Transit systems are designed around cars because people want
           | to use cars. This idea that it was some kind of a massive
           | conspiracy from the auto manufacturers is just bullshit.
           | 
           | Yes, cars are expensive. We can afford cars today. No one
           | wants to get poorer and go back to walking.
        
             | qwerpy wrote:
             | The car shaming mindset makes sense if you live somewhere
             | like Japan where transit is clean and fast, and you don't
             | have problematic people who assault other riders and do
             | drugs. As a family man living in a large American west
             | coast city, there is no way I would ever give up my car
             | lifestyle.
        
               | Fricken wrote:
               | Cars are the leading killers of kids in America.
        
               | avalys wrote:
               | So? No matter what actions you take, _something_ is going
               | to be the leading killer of kids. By itself that
               | statement means nothing.
        
         | ilyt wrote:
         | > Fleet operators don't see any significant difference in tire
         | wear. EVs have higher torque but that doesn't matter unless to
         | drive like a mad-man. EVs also allow you to drive very smoothly
         | with no sudden jerk in torque.
         | 
         | Time-to-replace-tyre is insignicant. If tyre manufacturer is
         | tasked with making EV tyre with same durability as normal tyre
         | they will just make rubber and grooves thicker.
         | 
         | Also technically heavier car on wider tyre might use them up at
         | similar rate than lighter car on skinnier tyre (as load-per-cm2
         | would be similar) but obviously produce more dust.
         | 
         | > Cars have been getting heavier long before EVs came around.
         | One of the problems is that EVs are all new. Too many of them
         | are bigger than they need to be. But that also goes for new ICE
         | vehicle models.
         | 
         | It took ~20-30 years for average ICE car to get ~30% heavier.
         | EVs add another ~30-50% on top of that increase.
         | 
         | For any comparable ICE, EV will be heavier.
        
         | notacoward wrote:
         | > the focus on EVs is a distraction.
         | 
         | Indeed.
         | 
         | > EVs tend to shed around 20 percent more
         | 
         | ... for the same capacity. Isn't it funny how people focus on
         | per-vehicle numbers for one segment? There are more oversized
         | gas-burning pickups and SUVs than electric _anything_ , plus
         | millions of diesel-burning vehicles that are even heavier. But
         | _somehow_ those all get left out of most stories on this topic.
         | Truly a strange coincidence, everyone forgetting the same thing
         | all at once.
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | Sounds like a lot of hand-waving to rationalize a downside of
         | EVs: they are heavy and chew up tires.
        
           | jungturk wrote:
           | The downside applies to "heavy vehicles" more generally,
           | which includes most battery-bearing EVs in addition to most
           | pickup trucks and SUVs driven in the US.
        
         | qwytw wrote:
         | > Too many of them are bigger than they need to be. But that
         | also goes for new ICE vehicle models.
         | 
         | That's a very American centric claim. The gap between ICE and
         | EV weight is relatively much higher in many other places where
         | smaller cars are more popular.
        
         | xbmcuser wrote:
         | Yeah this is something that probably will start outside the
         | western world. In poor countries as solar and batteries keep
         | getting cheaper we will start seeing new shapes for vehicles
         | which wont look the same as cars of today. Such vehicles will
         | have a hard time getting cleared for the streets in the
         | developed world because of decades of laws and red tape.
        
         | mzmzmzm wrote:
         | I think your final point is key. Apart from curb weight, the
         | reason to emphasize EVs might be just to remind people that
         | they're not a panacea for the environmental collapse we're
         | speeding towards. Instead of inventivizing car-free and car-
         | light living, policymakers would rather not distrupt anything,
         | simply swapping EVs for ICE vehicles in the same miserable
         | sprawl. Yale's findings underline that this can't happen.
        
         | lb1lf wrote:
         | Batteries are still heavy.
         | 
         | For instance, the VW id.3 (small-ish EV) has a curb weight
         | 250-450kg (550-1,000lbs) more than my wife's gasoline VW
         | Passat, a quite spacious estate wagon.
        
           | robertlagrant wrote:
           | I doubt an ID3 weighs only half a ton. Probably at least
           | three times that?
        
             | jazzyjackson wrote:
             | >> more than
        
             | lb1lf wrote:
             | It is close to two tons, I was (clumsily, it appears, but
             | English is my third language, so please bear with me)
             | trying to state that an id.3 compact is 250-450kg
             | (depending on configuration) heavier than a gasoline-
             | powered estate.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | Aaaah - gotcha.
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | "Yes, and?"
       | 
       | It's time we just stopped caring and propagating this doomer
       | scaremongering. Researchers looking for things will certainly
       | find them, not necessarily because they're true, but because the
       | null hypothesis doesn't bring any fame or fortune.
        
         | danny_codes wrote:
         | > Researchers looking for things will certainly find them, not
         | necessarily because they're true, but because the null
         | hypothesis doesn't bring any fame or fortune.
         | 
         | Are you saying that the researchers did faulty science? Or that
         | you don't think microplastics are a problem?
        
           | userbinator wrote:
           | Both.
           | 
           | Remember when microwave ovens were thought to cause cancer,
           | and then cellphones a few decades later? You can find plenty
           | of "research" to support those claims.
           | 
           | Just like RF, humans have been exposed to microplastics for
           | over a century now. The biggest difference is that
           | sociopolitical ideology has become more pervasive and
           | environmentalist virtue-signaling is now fashionable and
           | brings in the fame and fortune.
        
       | [deleted]
        
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