[HN Gopher] USB inventor explains why the connector was not desi...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       USB inventor explains why the connector was not designed to be
       reversible (2019)
        
       Author : thunderbong
       Score  : 113 points
       Date   : 2023-10-09 09:40 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.pcgamer.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.pcgamer.com)
        
       | theogravity wrote:
       | > Making USB reversible to begin with would have necessitated
       | twice as many wires and twice as many circuits
       | 
       | Is this still true with USB-C?
        
         | eep_social wrote:
         | From other comments it sounds like no. Instead, every port must
         | detect the orientation and switch to using the correct lines in
         | software. IIUC, each cable also needs a small IC to assist with
         | this.
        
         | Findecanor wrote:
         | Reversibility for USB 2.0 data signals is mechanical: There are
         | data pins on both sides and only one set of pins get connected.
         | The socket side connects both sets.
         | 
         | There is only one more wire in a USB-C 2.0 cable: it is used to
         | signal orientation and if an end is a power source, sink or a
         | headphone adaptor.
         | 
         | USB-3 signals are more complicated though. There can be up to
         | two bidirectional high-speed channels. The aforementioned
         | sensing pin is used to figure out if those channels need to be
         | swapped or not.
        
       | donatj wrote:
       | Hear me out. The original USB only had 4 pins. I always thought a
       | round ringed TRS style plug like headphones use would have been
       | great. No way to orient it incorrectly.
        
         | metaphor wrote:
         | > _I always thought a round ringed TRS style plug like
         | headphones use would have been great. No way to orient it
         | incorrectly._
         | 
         | Now consider the forward-looking bandwidth implications with
         | that class of physical interconnect.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | The iPod shuffle did this to decrease the connector size and
         | count.
        
         | oniony wrote:
         | I think the problem these connectors have is that each ring has
         | to slide over the other contacts to get to its correct
         | location.
         | 
         | USB Type-A has longer contacts for pins 1 and 4, the power
         | pins, so they contact first and remain contacted before the
         | data pins make contact. You can see that in this picture
         | https://www.electroschematics.com/usb-how-things-work/.
        
           | tommiegannert wrote:
           | Many of the TRS connectors have a built-in switch to
           | (originally) disconnect the internal speaker.
           | 
           | It would probably have been easy to extend that concept to
           | isolate all contacts until the tip hits the bottom.
        
       | lesuorac wrote:
       | I know everybody is still on the high from USB-C but I'm still
       | going to go on the record it will be one of the biggest disasters
       | in cable history.
       | 
       | 1) There's going to be video-only cables; low-voltage only
       | cables; etc and this time everything is usb-c so you can
       | literally only tell which ables work by testing all of the dozen
       | cables instead of the 1-2 USB-As you have.
       | 
       | 2) The connector is symmetrical but the pins aren't. You can see
       | a wiring scheme of how symmetry is handled [1]; literally
       | manufactures are going to cheap out and not do that and you have
       | 1-way USB-C cables without any kind of orientation markers.
       | 
       | An obviously key'd connector like firewire / ethernet would've
       | solved all of USB-A's flip it thrice problems. And this could've
       | been allowed in a backwards compatible where old USB-A cables
       | were basically a skeleton key and the new USB-A cables had a ward
       | that blocked them from fitting incorrectly.
       | 
       | [1]:
       | https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/125011/how-d...
        
         | slikrick wrote:
         | USBC has been out for over a decade, have you ever run into 2)
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | Up until this year I've had exactly 3 USB-C cables: Nintendo
           | Switch, which is always plugged into its dock; laptop
           | charger, also always plugged in at my desk; and phone
           | charger. No real room for the mistakes they're describing.
        
             | lesuorac wrote:
             | Nintendo Switch is non-compliant [1] so you've already seen
             | (2) it just hasn't been a big enough problem to be visible
             | to you. I suspect a big reason for that is the Switch is a
             | wall<->USB-C charger so you don't try to connect it between
             | many USB-C devices.
             | 
             | [1]: https://old.reddit.com/r/NintendoSwitch/comments/87vmu
             | d/the_...
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | I was responding to the "out for over a decade" part; how
               | long they've been available doesn't mean much if they
               | haven't been very common for consumer electronics for
               | that long. Up until this year I've had only 1 such cable,
               | my phone charger, that could get mixed up in any way...
               | and that one couldn't be mixed up because I didn't have a
               | second unused cable to mix it up with.
        
               | Ajedi32 wrote:
               | I've been using USB-C on basically every consumer
               | electronics device I've used over nearly the past decade.
               | Over the years I have accumulated:
               | 
               | 1. A laptop with a USB-C power/data/DisplayPort port
               | 
               | 2. A phone with a USB-C power/data port
               | 
               | 3. Multiple USB power banks which use a single USB-C port
               | for both charging and discharging
               | 
               | 4. A smartwatch with a dock that uses USB-C
               | 
               | 5. Multiple flashlights with USB-C charging
               | 
               | 6. Multiple bluetooth speakers with USB-C charging
               | 
               | 7. A pair of earbuds with a case that uses USB-C charging
               | 
               | 8. Dozens of various USB-C cables and power bricks, some
               | of which came included with the products above
               | 
               | So far I've had zero issues with any of them. Sure, not
               | all cables support full charging speeds/data rates, but
               | generally speaking I can just plug things in and expect
               | them to work in some fashion.
               | 
               | Maybe to iPhone users USB-C feels like a new thing? To
               | everyone else it's been a mature ecosystem for a long
               | time now, which is why a lot of the comments in this
               | thread commenting about it as if it's a brand new,
               | unproven technology seem very strange to me.
               | 
               | Edit: Just remembered I also have an air duster and an
               | electric toothbrush that use USB-C. Those didn't
               | immediately occur to me because I don't have to charge
               | them often. There might be more I'm forgetting...
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | I'm an Android user, and for your points 5, 6, 7, and 8
               | all of mine are USB-A to Micro USB (except for a
               | flashlight bought this year which came with a USB-A to
               | USB-C cable, and I use wraparound bluetooth headphones
               | instead of earbuds and get the feeling those designs are
               | just extremely rarely updated).
               | 
               | No displayport or smartwatch here, and my power banks all
               | came with A-to-micro or A-to-C cables (mostly the former)
               | - there's a convention in that ecosystem that power flows
               | from the A connector to the other end.
        
               | Ajedi32 wrote:
               | Yes, I have seen some products still using micro-B. I've
               | generally just avoided them because I don't want to have
               | to carry another type of cable, so maybe that's colored
               | my perception a bit of how widespread USB-C usage is.
               | 
               | For the products you've purchased that came with an
               | A-to-C cable, have you tried using them with a plain
               | C-to-C cable? In my experience usually that will "just
               | work". (Maybe there are some power banks out there that
               | don't support outputting power through their USB-C port.
               | If those exist I've managed to avoid them so far.)
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | Just tried plugging my phone into one of those power
               | banks like that: The phone recognized it was plugged into
               | USB, but didn't start charging. The light on the power
               | bank did turn on though, so I redid it with a USB power
               | meter: The power bank was sucking power from my phone at
               | about 3.4 watts.
        
               | cesarb wrote:
               | > The power bank was sucking power from my phone at about
               | 3.4 watts.
               | 
               | At least on Android, there's an option to change the
               | power direction (IIRC, it's in the same place where you
               | choose the data connection mode). I have to use that
               | option to switch the direction whenever I use the USB-C
               | cable to charge my phone from my laptop, otherwise it
               | tries to charge the laptop from the phone.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | > there's a convention in that ecosystem that power flows
               | from the A connector to the other end
               | 
               | That's not just a convention, it's a vital part of the
               | specification :)
               | 
               | USB-C devices go to significant lengths to make it hard
               | for users to violate that invariant using an unsafe
               | combination of otherwise safe adapters - that's why there
               | is no USB-C-to-A adapter, for example (because that would
               | let you build an A-to-A cable, and USB-A hosts are not
               | required to detect possible loops/short circuits; USB-C
               | hosts are).
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | I mean, I feel like they prefer to keep using A-to-C or
               | A-to-Micro because of power flow instead of packaging
               | C-to-C (and from some quick Amazon searches, C output
               | still looks rare, the majority of what I'm seeing is C
               | input and A output on the power bank itself).
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Those C input ports are usually also output ports.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | _Almost_ always, as I 've noticed only after grabbing a
               | friend's power bank and a C-to-lightning cable for a day
               | trip...
               | 
               | I believe an USB-C device port is easier to implement
               | than a host/power supply port, since the host is only
               | allowed to supply Vbus after ensuring that it's connected
               | to a device (by actively probing the resistor connected
               | to the CC pins etc.), whereas a device port only needs to
               | present that resistor. After all, even a passive C-to-
               | micro-B cable can do that.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | The comment you're referencing is claiming that the
               | Switch is non-compliant at the power delivery protocol
               | level.
               | 
               | Assuming that that's true, this has nothing to do with
               | being wired incorrectly, nor is it an implementation
               | mistake that's facilitated by the design of the USB-C
               | plug being reversible. It could literally happen with
               | USB-PD over USB-A/B.
        
           | alexwasserman wrote:
           | My keyboard came with a usb A to usb C cable which is
           | proprietary in some way. A regular cable doesn't work for it.
        
         | jmbwell wrote:
         | 3) The most fragile part (the wafer in the center of the
         | receptacle) is on the expensive-to-repair device, while the
         | least fragile part is on the cheap-to-replace cable. HDMI makes
         | this same mistake. With USB-A, at least the plastic part on the
         | device is relatively robust, and with Lightning, both plug and
         | socket were rather robust (albeit prone to debris incursion).
         | With older pin-type connectors like VGA and DVI, the fragile
         | pins are completely on the replaceable cable.
        
           | yreg wrote:
           | I was told this exact opposite argument about Lightning being
           | worse than USB-C. The line of reasoning was that the springy
           | part breaks and in USB-C the springy bit is in the cable,
           | while in Lightning the pins are sturdy.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | My mother bent the "least fragile part" on at least a dozen
           | wires meanwhile the port itself kept working.
        
           | petee wrote:
           | Im not sure this is true, the part in the cable is just tiny
           | pins and far more vulnerable than the wafer. For years now
           | I've dug woodchips and other junk out of my phones usb-c
           | socket with paperclips and never came close to damage. It
           | seems sufficiently recessed to prevent all but the most
           | aggressive attack.
           | 
           | Edit: in fact, trying now it seems to be perfectly recessed
           | that I can't even push on it from an angle with the
           | connector, it has to go straight in a bit before it even
           | touches, on any of my devices
        
             | jmbwell wrote:
             | I mean, I'm referring to things I've had to deal with.
             | Failure isn't obvious until the user complains of random
             | disconnects, and then you find that although everything
             | looks fine from the outside, you can wiggle the wafer
             | inside like a loose tooth. The plastic of the wafer has
             | cracked and is being held in place only by the metal in the
             | contacts.
             | 
             | I'll grant that it's robust in that it continues to work
             | more than I'd expect, for example continuing to charge the
             | laptop but not reliable for the external display. And once
             | connected, sure it's secure.
             | 
             | I suspect it's not the cable mating that causes the
             | failure, but other foreign objects... keys in the bag or
             | something... that manage to dislodge it. And some laptops
             | have more play in the connector than others, which I think
             | allows the connector on the cable end to hit the wafer with
             | an angle of attack sufficient to dislodge it. Some of my
             | users handle heavy bulk materials all day and are anything
             | but gentle with computers.
             | 
             | In any case, I'm sure the designers considered this, and
             | far be it from me to second-guess their compromises. It is
             | what it is. But if the port has failure modes, this is one
             | of them.
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | It's almost as if the designers have considered this
             | potential failure mode for devices that often get dropped
             | even while plugged into a charger :)
             | 
             | I can emphasize with many of the gripes people have with
             | USB-C cables and supported modes being confusing, but the
             | port is really, really well thought out: Make the cable the
             | part that fails more easily [1]; make it so that the plug
             | only minimally acts as a lever while partially or fully
             | plugged in; cover the pins on the plug (because otherwise
             | people will inevitably touch them, and these cables can
             | carry up to 48 V of voltage).
             | 
             | [1] That part has actually worked well for everything but
             | my Yubikey :( USB-A and an adapter it is for the next one.
        
           | dist-epoch wrote:
           | It was a specific design goal of USB-C to put the fragile
           | part on the cable, not on the device.
           | 
           | For people who are not versed in mechanical connector design
           | it might look like the fragile part is that center wafer.
           | 
           | USB-A is massive compared to USB-C, that's why it's so
           | robust, thick plastic, thick metal, wide connector lanes.
           | 
           | If USB-C is fragile, is just because it's so small, you can
           | easily break it with not so much pressure.
        
           | bandrami wrote:
           | The worst connector for that problem is those ----ing antenna
           | leads your laptop has for an M2 wifi card.
        
             | CarVac wrote:
             | Those connectors are good for one connection and no
             | disconnections.
        
             | nyanpasu64 wrote:
             | I broke the ring on a M.2 Wi-Fi card, but installed the
             | cable onto it anyway. I think the part I bent off will
             | probably rip off and get stuck in the cable the next time I
             | take the connector off the card. Here's hoping I'll never
             | have to do that...
        
             | jdfellow wrote:
             | I believe those are MCX. My Shure SE215 IEMs (earphones)
             | use the same connector.
        
           | Hackbraten wrote:
           | > The most fragile part (the wafer in the center of the
           | receptacle) is on the expensive-to-repair device, while the
           | least fragile part is on the cheap-to-replace cable.
           | 
           | Why do you think that the wafer is the most fragile part?
           | 
           | One might argue that the latch mechanism would be the part
           | most exposed to wear and tear due to mechanical stress
           | incurred by plugging and removing. Those side latches are
           | located in the plug, not in the receptacle.
           | 
           | See also figure 3-14 in the USB-C spec [1].
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/USB%20Type-C%20S
           | pec%...
        
             | jmbwell wrote:
             | Doesn't seem like one would preclude the other.
             | 
             | I guess I'll have to take a video next time I see it.
        
             | kuratkull wrote:
             | Personally my last two phones have had this. It starts
             | slowly - the cables occasionally don't work, then some
             | cables won't work at all, then no cables work without 2
             | minutes of gentle manipulation, eventually it becomes
             | almost impossible to charge. You waste so much time on this
             | before it gets so bad that you can't live another day with
             | the phone.
             | 
             | I haven't seen a USB-C cable that has wore out.
        
         | Findecanor wrote:
         | USB-C plugs are supposed to have 2.0 data pins only on one
         | side. It is only the sockets that should have them on both
         | sides. The other data pins are negotiated.
         | 
         | When USB-C was brand new, I got a flawed breakout board where
         | only the socket's data pins on one side were connected. I did
         | not notice it until it was soldered together and the device got
         | power but no connection when the cable was connected in one
         | orientation. But then I had already built a metal case to fit
         | that breakout board perfectly, so I just left it in.
        
         | lloeki wrote:
         | > There's going to be video-only cables
         | 
         | From my understanding I think that is not technically possible
         | because to pass video they need the data lines but maybe I'm
         | mistaken?
         | 
         | IIUC again even if it did work I think these would be non-
         | compliant. People hell-bent on doing non-compliant things would
         | do it irrespective of any design.
         | 
         | > low-voltage only cables
         | 
         | That's a given due to physical constraints (length, diameter:
         | would you accept that all cables are 0.8m / thick and
         | unbendable). It was so with USB-A too, as well as non-standard
         | power delivery, at the risk of setting things on fire or
         | destroying devices. USB-PD makes it so that you basically can't
         | fry anything or melt a cable, it falls back to the best
         | possible through negotiation. But then again, people hell-bent
         | on doing non-compliant things would do it irrespective of any
         | design.
         | 
         | > literally manufactures are going to cheap out and not do that
         | and you have 1-way USB-C cables without any kind of orientation
         | markers.
         | 
         | Non-compliant for sure. Ah, yes, people hell-bent on doing non-
         | compliant things would do it irrespective of any design.
         | 
         | At least with USB-C+USB-4+USB-PD we get a fighting chance.
         | 
         | > An obviously key'd connector like firewire / ethernet
         | would've solved all of USB-A's flip it thrice problems
         | 
         | Rumour has it that USB-B which is keyed, has five positions due
         | to squareness. FireWire and Ethernet have the same state
         | superpositions as USB-A. Hell I've seen people shove an
         | Ethernet cable the wrong way in _and have it fit_ (breaking the
         | infamous clip in the process). USB-C? I lay it basically flat
         | and clip it in, barely looking at the connector and not even
         | taking a glance at the port. Worst case it needs a few degrees
         | rotation.
        
           | dharmab wrote:
           | > From my understanding I think that is not technically
           | possible because to pass video they need the data lines but
           | maybe I'm mistaken?
           | 
           | Counterexample: The Meta Quest link cables use a USB-C style
           | connector but internally are very different from a regular
           | cable.
        
             | slikrick wrote:
             | and that can happen with literally every cable, people have
             | abused USB-A and RJ45 for many decades...
        
               | usrusr wrote:
               | Not every cable. Not if you make the connector a closed
               | standard that can't be used without ruinous licencing
               | fees and keep a squad of patent attorneys on retainer.
               | Thankfully USB is not one of those.
        
               | lloeki wrote:
               | > make the connector a closed standard that can't be used
               | without ruinous licencing fees and keep a squad of patent
               | attorneys on retainer
               | 
               | Time has shown that doesn't seem to prevent cheap - and
               | potentially dangerous - knockoffs from areas outside
               | possible litigation.
        
             | lloeki wrote:
             | So, not actually USB compliant? (save for the connector)
             | 
             | One can't blame non-compliant cables on USB-C as it could
             | happen with any other connector.
        
             | MikusR wrote:
             | They are regular (fiber optic) USB-C cables.
        
         | quietbritishjim wrote:
         | I can certainly see (1) happening, especially with cables that
         | come with the device they are expected to plug into. It already
         | widely happens with fallback to slower bit rate or lower power
         | charging.
         | 
         | But (2) seems very unlikely. Most consumers just won't even
         | consider that it has an orientation, and after it fails a few
         | times chuck it in the bin or send it back. If it comes with a
         | device (i.e. printer or monitor comes with a non-reversible
         | cable) they're likely to send the whole device back. That would
         | be a ridiculous false economy for the manufacturer.
        
           | usrusr wrote:
           | (1) as in Video only, as in they won't work to top up the
           | battery in random Bluetooth gadgets and the like? Amongst
           | compliant cables, you might occasionally find some that are
           | rated 40 Gbps but do not identify as high voltage capable.
           | But I suspect that once manufacturers stomach the wire cost
           | of those fat 40+ cables (display!), skimping out on PD
           | capability just won't make enough of a difference to abandon
           | efficiencies of scale. PD cables that are no/low bandwidth?
           | Sure, those will be with us forever. But "display only" will
           | be a rarity.
        
             | quietbritishjim wrote:
             | I didn't take it that literally.
        
               | usrusr wrote:
               | What would be the alternative? An entirely new physical
               | connector every time manufacturers feel the desire to
               | make this year's model slightly more capable than last
               | year's? Some form of "physical semver" where "not all new
               | features are possible with all old cables" mandates a new
               | plug shape?
               | 
               | If we were still limited to domain specific connectors
               | (one for storage, one for networking, one for audio, one
               | for video, one for each type of user input) we'd still
               | run into the same (non)issues: unless every revision of,
               | say, displayport came with it's own unique connector,
               | without digging a little deeper (checking some
               | version/capability symbols) you don't know wether a given
               | cable supports the latest feature set or not. The
               | universal in USB is not the problem.
        
           | gpderetta wrote:
           | I had a USB-C Xiaomi phone that at some point only allowed
           | being plugged in in one orientation. I guess one side failed,
           | but then again, that wasn't the only failing of that phone,
           | nor even close to the most annoying.
        
             | lesuorac wrote:
             | That might not have been a symmetry problem per-say.
             | 
             | It could be that the phone correct determined the
             | orientation but a pin was dirty/broken so it couldn't be
             | used. When flipping the cable around the pin in use changes
             | to one that isn't dirty/broken and so it works fine. USB-C
             | may have a ton of pins but that doesn't mean all of them
             | are needed to charge so flipping it can move a broken pin
             | into the unused pins.
        
               | gpderetta wrote:
               | oh, yes, very likely it was a broken or dirty pin (that's
               | what I mean with "failed"). I wouldn't be surprised if it
               | was somehow a software problem as well (apparently for
               | simplicity) some cheap USB-C port setups are wired as two
               | ports.
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | I wish there was a requirement that USB C cables must have sort
         | of ID chip that can be easily read that tells what the cable
         | supports, so that we could have simple testers that you can
         | plug a cable into and be told what speed and power it supports.
        
           | ianburrell wrote:
           | Except for power, that is all determinable from the cable
           | itself. USB-C cable supports power and USB2 data. Resistor
           | determines the power, either legacy USB, 1.5A or 3A. Every
           | USB-C cables support that. If there are USB3 pins connected,
           | then it supports USB3 data and alternate mode. I think USB3
           | has negotiation protocol to figure out the data rate. There
           | is also negotiation about power delivery on USB-C specific
           | pins.
        
           | tomjakubowski wrote:
           | If you have two USB-C ports on one computer which both
           | support "everything", could you write a cable tester in
           | software?
        
           | Ajedi32 wrote:
           | That exists. It's called an e-marker and you can buy testers
           | for about $60 that will read it for you. If a cable doesn't
           | have one of those markers then odds are it can't handle over
           | 5 amps or USB 2.0 speeds.
           | 
           | It is kind of annoying that that functionality isn't built
           | into phones and PCs though. There was some talk about
           | building support into the Linux kernel[1] but it doesn't seem
           | like that went anywhere.
           | 
           | [1]: https://people.kernel.org/bleung/now-how-many-usb-c-to-
           | usb-c...
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | > There's going to be video-only cables
         | 
         | There is no such thing for USB-C.
         | 
         | > low-voltage only cables
         | 
         | As far as I know, only the amperage is negotiated; every
         | compliant cable needs to support at least 20 V.
         | 
         | And even then, the minimum is also 3 A, which allows for 60 W
         | to be carried on even the cheapest cables - enough for many use
         | cases. I actually like having lighter and more flexible cables
         | for most of my devices.
         | 
         | > The connector is symmetrical but the pins aren't. You can see
         | a wiring scheme of how symmetry is handled [1]; literally
         | manufactures are going to cheap out and not do that and you
         | have 1-way USB-C cables without any kind of orientation
         | markers.
         | 
         | With all the many USB-C headaches I've heard of (and only very
         | rarely encountered myself), I've never seen that happen.
         | 
         | The most common problem must be using a USB 2 only cable for a
         | use case that requires USB 3 speeds and/or video.
        
         | yreg wrote:
         | HDMI flashbacks...
         | 
         | The solution is - I guess - to buy plenty of 'good'
         | multipurpose cables and throw anything that doesn't work as
         | expected away.
        
         | omnibrain wrote:
         | This could have been as well been a prediction 8 years ago,
         | because in the mean time all of this happened.
         | 
         | regarding 1) look at this post from 2019:
         | https://people.kernel.org/bleung/now-how-many-usb-c-to-usb-c...
         | I imagine it only got worse in the mean time.
         | 
         | regarding 2) I have seen various posts in the past of devices
         | that only work if the cables are connected in a specific
         | orientation. Technical background is discussed here:
         | https://acroname.com/blog/why-usb-c-connections-sometimes-do...
        
         | umanwizard wrote:
         | Yes and even worse, now EU bureaucrats have mandated that Apple
         | give up their resistance and support this inferior connector.
        
           | ZekeSulastin wrote:
           | Apple is one of the companies that helped design USB-C and
           | have been using it for everything except iPhones and AirPods
           | for years now.
        
         | addicted wrote:
         | Maybe it's news to iPhone people (and I say this as someone
         | whose only used iPhones since he got a smartphone over a decade
         | ago other than for 6 months where I used a Windows phone and 3
         | months of an Android phone), USB-C wasn't invented with the
         | iPhone 15.
         | 
         | It's been around a long time and most people have managed just
         | fine, and absolutely loved the common cable. And everyone hated
         | the iPhone user because you had to pull out a new cable to
         | charge it.
        
           | scarface_74 wrote:
           | Grab a random USB C cable. Now answer a few questions.
           | 
           | 1. What speed does the cable support?
           | 
           | 2. How much data does the cable support?
           | 
           | 3. Can it support video over USB-C?
        
             | hedora wrote:
             | 4. Is it capable of charging this device?
             | 
             | 5. Is it capable of charging devices when plugged into this
             | charger?
             | 
             | 6. If it can charge this combination of things, what
             | wattage can it charge at?
        
         | bigstrat2003 wrote:
         | > There's going to be video-only cables; low-voltage only
         | cables; etc and this time everything is usb-c so you can
         | literally only tell which ables work by testing all of the
         | dozen cables instead of the 1-2 USB-As you have.
         | 
         | Whether or not this happens, it will have nothing to do with
         | USB-C's merits as a connector. You could (theoretically) have
         | the same mess happen with USB-A connectors as well.
        
         | Ajedi32 wrote:
         | I had to do a double take after reading this comment to make
         | sure I wasn't reading an old thread from 2014 or something.
         | 
         | USB-C has been out for years now and neither of these
         | predictions have come to pass. Your comment aged poorly before
         | you even finished writing it.
         | 
         | USB-C isn't without its problems, but neither of those are one
         | of them.
        
           | ianferrel wrote:
           | I have USB-C cables that look the same, but some of them
           | carry video and some don't.
           | 
           | I have USB-C charging devices that will charge off of some
           | cables, but not off the one that will charge my laptop. I now
           | have a box of weird crappy cheap USB-C cables with taped-on
           | notes that say which toys they'll charge.
           | 
           | I never had this problem with previous USBs. If the cable fit
           | in the port, it would charge and transfer data. Sometimes you
           | needed a different cable or port or something to go _faster_
           | , but they all basically worked.
        
             | smolder wrote:
             | I don't own any Apple devices myself and don't even have a
             | MBP through work anymore, but I do have a couple of Apple
             | USB-C cables and a spare laptop charger, still. They
             | conveniently seem to work with every kind of device for any
             | use. Data, video, fast charging.
             | 
             | However, I do have one other cable that won't do data. I
             | think it came with a cheap charger I bought while
             | travelling. I would certainly like it if there was a label
             | saying _charge only_ or something to that effect, on the
             | incomplete cable.
        
           | alanbernstein wrote:
           | I own a usb-c male to usb-c female extension cable that I
           | connect to a yubikey. The yubikey only works in one
           | orientation. I don't have any other bits to test hypotheses
           | with, but I believe the cable was made with the symmetry
           | problem described above.
        
             | mlyle wrote:
             | Usb-c to usb-c extensions are currently explicitly
             | prohibited by standard, both because of issues like this
             | and ways that they defeat safety mechanisms with charging.
        
             | Ajedi32 wrote:
             | AFAIK there's no such thing as a standards compliant USB-C
             | male to USB-C female extension cable. The very concept goes
             | against the spec[1].
             | 
             | You have a point though; I'm sure there are abominations
             | out there that abuse the USB spec in all sorts of
             | interesting ways, they just haven't been something I've
             | encountered in my years of using USB-C for everything.
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.reddit.com/r/UsbCHardware/comments/10xj74r
             | /why_d...
        
               | kccqzy wrote:
               | You can make a USB-C hub that has only a USB-C port.
        
               | alanbernstein wrote:
               | Ah, good to know. I'm tempted to respond that this means
               | the spec has failed to address an important use case. But
               | I'm certainly not going to learn enough of the spec to
               | back up that claim.
        
               | Ajedi32 wrote:
               | You're not wrong; it's an unfortunate limitation, even
               | though there are solid technical reasons for it. As a
               | sibling commenter pointed out, a standards-compliant
               | alternative would basically just be a USB hub with a
               | single USB-C port.
        
             | ianburrell wrote:
             | Then throw it away, it is broken. There is no way to
             | prevent junk from not implementing the standard. The
             | solution is not buying junk.
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | Wait, there already are PD-specific cables, video-specific
           | cables, and the like. If your cable is short enough, it's not
           | an issue, but if you want one longer than 1 meter, you will
           | likely have problems with 4k video on a cable that isn't
           | specifically designed for high data rates.
        
           | Cannabat wrote:
           | You've been fortunate (or far more clued in to usb standards
           | than just about everyone) if you don't already have multiple
           | usb c cables with different capabilities.
           | 
           | It's possible for noncompliant usb c cable to fry
           | electronics.
           | 
           | I don't know of any other connector standard where the
           | connector doesn't clearly indicate or imply the cable's
           | capabilities. I'm sure they exist, but generally for consumer
           | electronics if a cable fits, it works. Except for usb c.
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | USB-C problems surely exist, but I have _never_ heard of
             | single-side only plugs, and video-only cables simply don't
             | exist, yet these are GPs specific concerns.
        
           | aenvoker wrote:
           | I have a USB-C cable that only charges when oriented one way.
        
           | IshKebab wrote:
           | I used a Bluetooth analyser once that had a USB-C connector
           | that only plugged in one way. It had a dedicated "wrong way
           | around" LED to tell you to rotate it.
           | 
           | Kind of hilarious. It's the only example I've ever seen
           | though so not a real problem IMO.
           | 
           | The cables issue is real, but I don't really see the
           | alternative. Would everyone really be happier if all USB-C
           | cables had to be expensive thick 40 Gb/s 100W cables? No.
        
           | julienb_sea wrote:
           | New iphone ships with a beautiful braided USB-C cable that's
           | charge only. I'm going to cannibalize the usb-c cable from my
           | external nvme drive if I ever want to plug the new phone in.
           | Some usb-c cables are 100W compliant, many are not. None of
           | them are clearly labeled.
        
             | br0wnr1c3 wrote:
             | The new iPhone ships with a USB 2.0 cable, it does data
             | transfer, just not at USB 3 speeds
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | I have many USB-C cables that don't behave like other USB-C
           | cables. Just this past week, I had to buy another cable for
           | my son's desk setup because of the many USB-C cables I had, I
           | was out of the ones that would carry 4K video and USB-C 80+W
           | PD to his laptop at the same time. (I had a couple that
           | worked, but they were in use for my wife and I, and the
           | couple handfuls of others I had were capable of zero or one
           | of those two functions.)
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | I'm not sure if that's the best example...
             | 
             | Kinda like saying that I have a bunch of very light indoor
             | extension cords and you are wanting to run an outdoor high
             | amperage device (both 110v in this example). Yea, the
             | interface for both is the same, but one is going to be used
             | far less often and require a much more expensive cable for
             | a reason.
        
               | terr-dav wrote:
               | The girth of a power cable roughly scales with capacity
               | though, and there are 3 common pin configurations
               | 
               | - 2 equal size blades
               | 
               | - 2 unequal size blades
               | 
               | - 3 unequal + ground pin
               | 
               | plus a fourth for 20A
               | 
               | - 1 vertical blade, 1 horizontal blade, 1 ground pin
               | 
               | USB-C cables have one form factor, which is what GP is
               | talking about.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEMA_connector
        
         | sillywalk wrote:
         | Not to mention the entire USB naming scheme.
         | 
         | USB 3 ? or 3x3 or 2x or ...with Thunderbolt or not...
        
         | tuyiown wrote:
         | Not ideal for sure but I don't see the cable disaster you
         | claim, specifically what clear improvement you would have with
         | multiplication of connectors.
         | 
         | Connectors, cheap and reliable are hard to design, and there's
         | that much solution that works, and economics of scale works
         | wonderfully by this kind of mass production (the good enough
         | converges to reliable cheap). Also, the backward compatibility
         | is real, and not to be dismissed too lightly. Say, for an USB-A
         | connector, would really go one way where a USB 3 cable and
         | device should NOT work with your older computer ?
         | 
         | There will be waste, there will be disgruntlement, but at real
         | diagnostic will be possible (instead of the vague indications
         | like <<use provided cable>> we have for HDMI and DisplayPort).
         | For power, you can already find cable with a mini LED display
         | on the plug to show max wattage once plugged.
         | 
         | Limited cables will quickly have label to show their specific
         | capability (4K/8K, for PD only, 100W 60W), for cables you buy.
         | General case for cables provided by manufacturer is, you keep
         | you cable with the device, no real confusion here.
         | 
         | I know many have the cable drawer full of just-in-case that
         | never comes that would dream to have it blissfully replaced by
         | unlabeled USB-C cables, but this is just not how general people
         | handle the problem. They keep the cable with the device, and
         | learn what they need before or after buying a replacement, or
         | better, asking someone in a shop, those still exists for all I
         | know.
        
         | npunt wrote:
         | I think this is a bit hyperbolic. Once you try to implement any
         | standard _in practice_ to billions of people  & devices you're
         | going to find the same constraints and similar trade-offs
         | everywhere.
         | 
         | Manufacturers are going to cheap out, _always_. There 's no way
         | around the fact that goods can get on the market claiming a
         | thing that it doesn't do (perfectly) in practice. Tech is
         | littered with semi-compliance. I hate to kick the can down to
         | 'let consumers figure it out' but there's hardly a realistic
         | alternative, you just can't police ~10 billion cables sold a
         | year across ~10 million retailers. I haven't heard of your
         | first example anywhere actually happening, it sounds
         | theoretical more than widespread in practice in 2023, 8 years
         | into this USB-C thing.
         | 
         | As far as cables with different capabilities, what is the
         | alternative here?
         | 
         | 1. Physics of signaling demand certain capabilities require
         | higher quality / more expensive cables. Zero chance you get
         | people or manufacturers lined up around the idea of highest
         | common denominator (e.g. 40gbps capable $30 cable when consumer
         | wants a $3 charging cable), and that's sorta moot anyway
         | because...
         | 
         | 2. Standards evolve, and we're all tired of playing the game
         | we've played for 50 years in tech of new physical connectors
         | every few years.
         | 
         | It's either a) you have the same physical connector and
         | different cables, or b) different physical connectors that
         | briefly use the same cables before they become differentiated
         | when standards evolve.
         | 
         | The reality is 'it works but not as good' (speed or charge-
         | wise) is a superior tradeoff to 'I have to buy a totally
         | different cable' in the high % of use cases where 'not as good'
         | is possible, which is stuff like 'charge my phone' or 'plug my
         | printer/audio device/whatever in'.
         | 
         | Honestly the only unforced errors I see with USB-C are consumer
         | education related. USB versioning should be simple (3, 4, 5)
         | not intentionally obtuse ("3.2 gen 2x2"), and something like
         | iconography should be added to indicate premium cable
         | capability (specific higher voltage & bandwidth capabilities)
         | to avoid to play the plug in and try it game.
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | "I have to buy a totally different cable" is something that
           | most of us with over 20 devices with USB-C ports on them have
           | probably experienced, only it's worse than that as it's more
           | like "I have to buy _several different_ totally different
           | cables and try to remember to return the ones that _also_ don
           | 't work".
           | 
           | For a time at work, our desks had different docking stations
           | for employees with Mac laptops or HP laptops. USB-C
           | "standard" notwithstanding.
        
           | p1mrx wrote:
           | USB-IF should publish a table of every possible
           | cable/adapter/receptacle type, with a short alphanumeric code
           | that can be printed or molded onto the connector.
           | 
           | The set of permutations is too large to fit into an icon, but
           | a lookup table allows for unlimited detail.
        
         | Nextgrid wrote:
         | The standard is also just terrible even if followed to the
         | letter. The connectors are just too fragile for a day-to-day
         | interconnect, and a fire risk when higher currents are
         | involved.
         | 
         | I've now had to replace 2 USB-C host ports (on expensive Apple
         | devices, where an "official" repair would cost ~50% of the
         | value of the device) despite taking reasonable care of my
         | devices (under which care no other connectors ever failed).
         | 
         | Examining them under a magnifying glass showed that the metal
         | pin delaminated from the plastic middle part of the host
         | connector and was ever so slightly skewed towards the adjacent
         | pin, presumably making enough contact/interference to make the
         | whole thing fail.
         | 
         | In a sane design, a misalignment/skew of <1mm would be well
         | within tolerance and would be a non-issue. Worse, despite the
         | machine being from the same brand that ushered all this crap
         | onto the world, there is no software support or notification to
         | say that something is wrong - the machine just silently stopped
         | charging after a random delay. Very annoying when you plug your
         | machine in to charge and only realize (at the most inconvenient
         | time) that it silently stopped charging and you've now drained
         | whatever battery was remaining.
         | 
         | Even with the new ports, I can make it lose
         | Thunderbolt/DisplayPort connection by bumping the connector.
         | It's probably a mismatch of tolerances between connector and
         | port (maybe my cables are out of spec), but it's never been a
         | problem with any other connector.
        
           | petee wrote:
           | Are you using Apple, or major-vendor cables? Im curious
           | because delamination of a pin on 2 separate ports implies
           | something catching/dragging on it, maybe there is something
           | either poorly designed, or simply mangled in the end of one
           | of your cables.
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | Major vendor cables, and the delamination was one
             | connector's "finger" so not really cable-specific. The
             | second connector looked fine at casual glance but there was
             | something wrong with it as it wouldn't even hold connection
             | with a USB2 device - too much slack.
             | 
             | I don't recall having this issue with any of the connectors
             | it replaced. I have devices that are close to a decade old
             | and all their USB/Ethernet/HDMI ports are still working
             | just fine.
             | 
             | It's a terrible design that prioritizes form over
             | function/reliability.
        
       | LoganDark wrote:
       | My USB hub will allow me to plug in a USB-A connector the wrong
       | way. When I do, it has some sort of fault and resets all the
       | ports. I don't know how this is physically possible, but it's
       | somehow worse then requiring 3 attempts.
        
       | mmac_ wrote:
       | One of my earliest experiences with USB was back in the day where
       | I had a PC without any USB front ports that were free. So I
       | grabbed my USB thumb drive and reached around the back of the PC
       | tower and plugged it in without looking.
       | 
       | USB didn't show up in the O/S. Thought maybe it wasn't formatted
       | correctly and went through some diagnostics. Eventually went for
       | the remove it / plug it back in technique. Had a look at the back
       | of the PC and noticed I'd managed to plug it into an empty
       | Ethernet port.... yeah they're about the same width give or take
       | some tolerance. Also usually placed right next to each other.
       | 
       | Back on topic, I do find those bare/exposed usb keys (like a
       | yubikey) to be quite annoying.
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | > Back on topic, I do find those bare/exposed usb keys (like a
         | yubikey) to be quite annoying.
         | 
         | I guess you trade one annoyance (how to plug them in) for
         | another annoyance (too thick for a wallet/keychain).
        
         | gs17 wrote:
         | Done exactly the same thing. No idea why they sized it that
         | way, at least it usually doesn't break anything.
        
       | stavros wrote:
       | TL;DR: Cost.
        
       | Neil44 wrote:
       | I thought the tongue should have a little bump on the right or
       | left, so if you're upside down you can tell straight away because
       | the connector will want to angle over, rather than wiggling and
       | wondering and doing the standard 3 tries thing.
        
         | usrusr wrote:
         | Making the part that is PCB on cheap USB sticks protrude a
         | little from the metal rectangle? Would have required slightly
         | deeper sockets, but I like the idea, would have saved some
         | frustration.
        
           | Neil44 wrote:
           | Yeah just a little 1mm hump on one side of the plastic
           | tongue, but yeah the 1mm would have to come from somewhere.
        
       | donatj wrote:
       | It didn't really need to go in either way. It just needed to _not
       | be_ rotationally symmetrical while only going in one way.
       | 
       | Firewire only went in one way but it was never an issue because
       | it's shape conveyed a clear orientation.
        
         | jawns wrote:
         | I agree that there was more that could have been done to signal
         | correct orientation.
         | 
         | But an additional wrinkle is that the orientation of the port
         | itself was not static. On laptops and desktops, it was
         | horizontal. On certain other devices, it was vertical. Often
         | these ports were in hard-to-reach or hard-to-see places, and
         | having to reconcile the orientation in each case probably added
         | to the frustration.
        
           | josefx wrote:
           | > or hard-to-see places
           | 
           | Which brings up the idea of not making it size compatible
           | with the network port.
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | As somebody who keeps inserting the USB-C charger cable
             | into the SD card slot of the new MBP, I couldn't agree
             | more.
        
           | stavros wrote:
           | Not really, HDMI ports are in weird orientation and mounted
           | in hard-to-reach places as well, but the shape makes it very
           | obvious (even by feel) which way it should (or can't) go.
           | This is much harder with the rectangular USB plug.
        
             | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
             | The "by feel" part is critical. Lots of ports on various
             | devices are deliberately in the back of the device, or
             | otherwise hidden, so that the wiring can be kept neatly out
             | of the way.
        
             | putlake wrote:
             | HDMI is better than USB but it's still hard to do plug it
             | in in dark, hard to reach places.
        
             | c22 wrote:
             | I have definitely been frustrated by an hdmi port I
             | couldn't see. I almost always have to gain visibility on
             | the port to get the cable inserted correctly. If I happen
             | to already know the orientation of the port on a device I
             | can do it by feel, but I could also do this with the
             | microusb-b to my old cell phone.
        
               | pnpnp wrote:
               | It's still better than nothing at all! If you can
               | physically see the connector, that's a huge help. For
               | USB-A, you often had to look _into_ the cable to figure
               | out which way it went.
               | 
               | I agree that HDMI can be heads or tails based on if it's
               | tucked behind a TV, but sometimes I can feel enough to
               | get it right. That was never so with the original USB.
        
             | loeg wrote:
             | HDMI can be a real pain to plug in blind / by feel.
        
               | qup wrote:
               | I think it's worse than USB. It's so damn narrow and has
               | a requirement for precision. It's hard to know if you've
               | got it upside-down or you're just not well-aligned.
        
         | airstrike wrote:
         | The fact that the inventor doesn't see this obvious fact
         | honestly boggles the mind.
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | Low-level (electrical/logical) protocol design and connector
           | design seem like pretty different skills!
        
         | RajT88 wrote:
         | It's amazing that it can take you 3 tries to plug in a USB
         | cable which only has 2 correct ways it can be oriented.
        
           | agumonkey wrote:
           | The funniest part is that it still takes 3 tries even when
           | you know what you just said.
        
             | pdpi wrote:
             | Hofstadter's Law: It always takes longer than you expect,
             | even when you take into account Hofstadter's Law.
        
               | dpratt71 wrote:
               | It sounds like we'd be better off not knowing about this
               | law. Thanks.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | I had a variant of that for covid. The contagion curve
               | plotted daily rates even taking into account people
               | knowing about the contagion curve.
        
             | jowea wrote:
             | http://www.extremetech.com/wp-
             | content/uploads/2015/01/lLcxrw...
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | hehe, right on
        
           | bravetraveler wrote:
           | I've found a trick but have trouble explaining it to people -
           | especially if they haven't build a computer before.
           | 
           | The plastic bit inside of the plug usually goes on the side
           | facing whatever board it's interfacing with.
           | 
           | For example, looking straight on from the back of an ATX
           | case, it's usually on the left side - where the motherboard
           | mounts
           | 
           | Front panel connectors are anarchy... but at least they're
           | usually visible
        
             | parsimo2010 wrote:
             | Another trick is that the USB standard says the USB logo
             | should be facing up, so you should always try it first with
             | the logo facing up. Not every device follows that standard
             | and not every device has a clear top/bottom, but this
             | really cuts down on the proportion of failed attempts.
        
               | cloudwalk9 wrote:
               | The pattern on the aluminum of the plug is also helpful
               | in cases of predictable slot orientation (like a laptop,
               | except a Dell Latitude from back in the day that had
               | upright connectors on the back unless I'm
               | misremembering). The side without the seam down the
               | middle and instead a tiny rectangular cutout center but
               | slightly lower than the other two cutouts, should face
               | up. In the dark, the seam can be felt by lightly scraping
               | with a fingernail.
        
               | globuous wrote:
               | No way! I didn't know that was part of the standard! Very
               | useful "trick" indeed, unless of course, the USB port is
               | placed vertically...
        
             | bobbylarrybobby wrote:
             | This gets you down from 3 tries to 2
        
               | bravetraveler wrote:
               | lol ty, this got me
        
             | dghughes wrote:
             | One trick used to be the UBB trident logo (embossed into
             | the cable) always faced upward when plugged into a USB port
             | on a computer.
             | 
             | Sideways ports may be a crap shoot I'm not sure if their
             | orientation is standardized. And I'm not sure about modern
             | USB version if that's still the case of logo faces up.
        
           | guntherhermann wrote:
           | Even after 25 years of using USB devices this _still_ happens
           | to me, today, in fact!
        
           | evanb wrote:
           | USB is the only macroscopic fermion I know. Try to plug it in
           | and fail, rotate it 180@ and fail, rotate 180@ and it plugs
           | in. Must be the minus sign.
        
             | OnlineGladiator wrote:
             | https://www.smbc-comics.com/comic/2011-10-04
        
           | raisedbyninjas wrote:
           | If the standard included specs on the enclosure, then maybe
           | we wouldn't need three tries. Especially when plugging these
           | in blind, like the back of a monitor, I wish the case had a
           | funnel shaped shroud so you know the male end was aligned
           | correctly even though it might be reversed.
        
         | lloeki wrote:
         | USB-A too: fat part bottom, connectors up, logo up.
         | 
         | This also doesn't explain why three-state and five-state also
         | apply to resp. mini+micro USB-A and USB-B.
         | 
         | Oh wait, people don't look at the port front and center and
         | fail to memorize the port direction, irrespective of shape,
         | that's why.
        
           | gsich wrote:
           | Logo up is no help when you try to do it in the dark.
        
             | northwest65 wrote:
             | You can feel it with the pad of your thumb.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | I just looked at my nearest USB-A plug: There's no logo
               | on either side.
               | 
               | I'm also almost certain I had connectors with a different
               | logo on either side.
        
           | MayeulC wrote:
           | Female (host) USB-A orientation is not always consistent,
           | thought, which adds to the confusion. Thought the orientation
           | you de scribe is the most common zone, I can recall at l'East
           | two devices (laptop and desktop) where it was reversed.
        
           | slikrick wrote:
           | That doesn't help vertical orientation of USB-As
        
         | jjoonathan wrote:
         | Hey, they could have made it not rotationally symmetrical but
         | mandated an orientation opposite of the one that makes the
         | socket look like a cute little surprised face, thus ensuring a
         | long, drawn out, losing battle between the correct orientation
         | and the looks-like-a-little-face orientation.
        
           | jonah wrote:
           | But is "that way" actually "Correct" or not...?
           | 
           | Technology Connections dig in to this in "Power outlets are
           | topsy turvy - but does it matter?"
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNj75gJVxcE
        
             | lolinder wrote:
             | The tl;dw is that there is no standard and never has been,
             | so the idea that there's a "correct" orientation for these
             | outlets that's been warring for dominance with the cute one
             | is a myth.
             | 
             | The rest of the video digs into the claimed benefits of
             | turning them upside down, and finds that they're quite
             | small and probably outweighed by the inconvenience of the
             | sheer number of devices that assume that you're using the
             | cute orientation.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | gsich wrote:
         | Firewire ports can be inserted the wrong way, if the material
         | cheapens out you are in bad luck. Wrong polarity will most
         | likely kill the other device.
        
           | yborg wrote:
           | I can just imagine what the polarized wall sockets in your
           | house must look like.
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | > Firewire ports can be inserted the wrong way
           | 
           | Hopefully only with a hammer!?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | hellotheretoday wrote:
         | Counterpoint: I knew a few people awhile back that wrecked
         | FireWire audio gear because they forced the connecter in
         | backward and powered it on
         | 
         | Even now i do a small repair shop as a side business. Broken
         | hdmi connectors because someone forced the connector in upside
         | down isn't exactly common but it's not exactly rare either.
         | Some people think stuff really needs to be forced together,
         | apparently
        
           | notyourwork wrote:
           | > isn't exactly common but it's not exactly rare either.
           | 
           | Using electronics needs a drivers license like equivalent.
           | Some people shouldn't have access to them if getting an HDMI
           | connector wrong is an issue.
        
             | LoganDark wrote:
             | > Using electronics needs a drivers license like
             | equivalent.
             | 
             | I bet everyone seriously wishes there were a "seriously
             | honestly just not a fucking idiot" license. The fact that
             | we know which way a connector goes puts us in a whole
             | different league from the rest of the population; most
             | people are so braindead stupid that they can't even fathom
             | being smarter. Sometimes I wonder if being neurodivergent
             | is even worth it. Do I even want the privilege of knowing
             | enough of the bare minimum to outclass half the Earth, if
             | it means that I'm constantly depressed by how stupid
             | everyone else is?
             | 
             | BTW I wouldn't pass a graduation exam if my life depended
             | on it, because my brain is not a textbook database of
             | things that I don't care about. But that just means my ADHD
             | has gotten the better of me.
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | I have yet to see people die (and/or kill bystanders) by
             | not being able to plug in an HDMI cable to their home
             | entertainment system correctly.
        
               | notyourwork wrote:
               | I suppose the joke went over your head, sorry about that.
               | I found it comical given the HDMI connector shape and how
               | it would be nearly impossible to get wrong without being
               | oblivious.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | I mean, there already is an integrated element of
               | punishment - if you don't manage to plug in the HDMI
               | connector correctly, you don't get to watch any TV :)
        
         | bsimpson wrote:
         | When I was a teenager, I had a Windows machine I used for 3D
         | animation and an iPod. I needed to charge the iPod and my mom
         | was calling "dinner!" so I plugged it in quickly and ran off to
         | eat.
         | 
         | When I came back, I realized the Windows machine had a cheap
         | Firewire socket that didn't enforce the orientation. I had
         | plugged in my iPod upsidedown.
         | 
         | I don't remember what it fried. I don't remember the iPod
         | dying, so I'm guessing that socket never worked again.
        
       | sytelus wrote:
       | More interesting question for me is what exactly made USB
       | possible? I understand that parallel communication wasn't
       | possible because even for small differences in wire length, data
       | on each wire will arrive at different times and that limits
       | speed. So, people went with serial communication. But what
       | exactly enabled high speed bit transfer? Why wasn't it possible
       | before? Similarly, why USB2 speeds weren't possible before? What
       | technical advances made it possible?
        
         | labcomputer wrote:
         | Well, high speed serial coms existed before USB, so the premise
         | of the question is a bit wrong. RS-422 officially supports 10
         | Mbps over short distances, for example, and various serial WAN
         | protocols supported >100Mbps over copper before USB launched.
         | 
         | I would argue that what USB (1.1-2.0) does differently from
         | previous serial peripheral ports is mostly software and
         | standardization, and really relate to making it cheap and
         | simple for "normal people" to use:
         | 
         | 1. USB 1.1 supports only two bit rates (1.5 and 12 Mbps), which
         | is autoconfigured before device enumeration. 12 = 8 * 1.5, so
         | the clock divider is cheap and easy.
         | 
         | 2. USB limits cables to fairly short lengths (<=5m) compared to
         | earlier serial ports (RS-422 supports 10 Mbps at 15m)
         | 
         | 3. USB (pre-OTG extensions) rigorously enforced the idea of a
         | "host" (upstream) and "device" (downstream), at both the
         | protocol and physical connector level (which greatly simplifies
         | things--for example, you can't create a loop, and don't need
         | STP to detect it). A child can easily see that a B (device)
         | socket doesn't fit an A (host) plug.
         | 
         | 4. USB device enumeration and configuration are extensively
         | software based, and USB defines a number of standard device
         | classes so that many common types of devices (e.g., keyboards,
         | mice) don't need specific drivers.
         | 
         | 5. One thing that USB does that's less common among serial
         | peripheral interfaces is to use a single differential pair for
         | data going in both directions (it's time-shared: so the host
         | polls the device then the device responds). The pin-count is
         | less than a "regular" RS-422 port, but you still get the
         | advantages of differential signaling.
         | 
         | 6. USB carries power with only one more pin than needed to
         | create a minimal bidirectional serial data connection, so
         | "lite" devices don't need a separate power connector (ignoring
         | very slow protocols like "1-wire").
         | 
         | 7. USB does some funny things with packet framing (like NRZI
         | encoding and bit-stuffing) and some things to help reduce
         | device cost (like the JKJKJK packet preamble to sync the device
         | baud-rate generator and using SE1/SE0 states for device
         | disconnect and bus reset signaling), but none of that is really
         | fundamental to making a 10Mbps-class serial interface.
        
       | quitit wrote:
       | I think there is value in remembering that this was an era where
       | peripherals were plugged in with a view of semi-permanence, most
       | plugs even had screws. I also remember thinking at the time how
       | much easier USB was to use than trying to align a PS/2 connector.
       | 
       | Despite the obvious design drawback, I can't blame intel
       | entirely, a big contributor to the problem was that the ports
       | were still being positioned in hard to access areas by computer
       | makers. The first iMac design was a bit more forward thinking in
       | this regard, whereby USB ports were prominently positioned on
       | either side of the keyboard, this made it very easy to plug in
       | the USB mouse and use the other for something like a USB stick.
       | The problem with the type A design isn't just the orientation
       | issue, the rectangular port design provides very little tolerance
       | for off-angle insertion, having the port in full view helped a
       | lot with insertion.
        
       | SeanLuke wrote:
       | > It was in 1998 that USB made some real headway, courtesy of the
       | iMac G3, the first computer to ship with only USB ports for
       | external devices (there were no serial or parallel ports).
       | 
       | Um, no? The iMac had an Ethernet port, a phone jack for an
       | internal modem, and TWO FIREWIRE PORTS. And Microphone and
       | Speaker jacks.
        
         | tuyiown wrote:
         | No firewire for the G3, and ethernet, audio jack and rj11
         | doesn't count for external devices.
        
         | _moof wrote:
         | The first iMac was USB only.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMac_G3#Specifications
        
           | runlevel1 wrote:
           | The Original Bondi Blue 233 MHz iMac Rev A (tray-loading CD-
           | ROM) had:
           | 
           | - 2x USB
           | 
           | - 1x 10/100 Ethernet
           | 
           | - 1x phone jack
           | 
           | - Infrared port
           | 
           | - 1x audio input
           | 
           | - 1x audio output+
           | 
           | - 2x headphone ports
           | 
           | +I thought it had two front headphone ports so that two
           | students could share a computer in school labs, but googling
           | for that suggests it was probably a later revision feature.
           | 
           | EDIT: It did indeed have 2 headphone ports on the front: http
           | s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMac_G3#/media/File:IMac_G3_Bo...
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | It is genuinely surprising that out of all companies Apple
           | was the one to pioneer USB usage.
           | 
           | Quite the stark contrast with their current modus operandi of
           | always making something custom so it can be as incompatible
           | as possible with anything non-Apple (and so they can sell
           | more dongles). Well until they were dragged kicking and
           | screaming to USB-C by the EU anyway.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | Every proprietary connector I can think of that Apple has
             | introduced was done to solve a problem that other
             | connectors at the time did not solve.
        
             | MBCook wrote:
             | Are you referring to the 30 pin connector, which did stuff
             | no other connector did?
             | 
             | Or lightning, which was smaller and easier than anything
             | else available since USB-C didn't exist?
             | 
             | You already mentioned USB. Perhaps FireWire? SCSI? Those
             | were all standard.
             | 
             | Oh. Laptop power connections? There was no standard until
             | USB-C, which they use.
             | 
             | People repeat this, but it hasn't really been true since
             | they gave up all the custom stuff with the iMac.
        
             | dmonitor wrote:
             | you're completely forgetting Apple being the first company
             | to go all-in on USB C with their laptops.
             | 
             | https://www.theverge.com/2015/3/9/8174219/apple-macbook-
             | usb-...
             | 
             | It was really only the iPhone that lagged behind, and
             | that's because they switched to lightning not but a couple
             | years before USB C was finalized, pissing off everyone who
             | invested in the 20-pin connector ecosystem.
        
               | MBCook wrote:
               | That always annoyed me. I get that people had to change
               | cables for the first time since they got their first
               | iPod, but lightning was such a MASSIVE improvement over
               | the 30 pin dock connector... I can't imagine anyone would
               | want to go back.
               | 
               | I was really expecting something similar with the USB-C
               | switch but it doesn't seem to have happened.
        
         | detourdog wrote:
         | The Firewire started with the iMac DV in grey.
        
       | cushpush wrote:
       | >But in an effort to keep it as cheap as possible, the decision
       | was made to go with a design that, in theory, would give users a
       | 50/50 chance of plugging it in correctly (you can up the odds by
       | looking at the inside first, or identifying the logo).
       | 
       | I despise this "design decision." Literally bakes in the 50% of
       | the time you plug it in the wrong orientation and lose seconds of
       | your life. Who cares if the sands of time are moving more rapidly
       | than asteroids? We can save money and make more of these badboys
       | to fill the landfills with once they're obsolete. Hard to argue
       | that logic that clearly won via market dynamics. But where are we
       | now?
        
         | chrisco255 wrote:
         | All I can say is that before USB 1.0, the myriad of connections
         | on a PC motherboard were ridiculous. USB was leaps and bounds
         | better beyond PS/2, and VGA and various serial and parallel
         | ports would require you to physically screw in the plug. Just
         | look at: https://www.electronicshub.org/wp-
         | content/uploads/2016/01/Po...
         | 
         | It was a nightmare. And virtually none of those ports would
         | self-install drivers when a device was plugged into it. USB 1.0
         | was magic when it came out.
        
           | dimal wrote:
           | Agreed. Everyone forgets how awful it was and even though USB
           | wasn't perfect, it was a huge improvement over the status
           | quo. For that, I can forgive the inventors for making a
           | mistake. Nobody's perfect. The travesty is that it took so
           | long to correct the issue.
        
         | TylerE wrote:
         | If they were going to do that they at least could have used a D
         | shaped connector or something so the orientation of both the
         | plug and the port are obvious, even in bad lighting / from an
         | awkward angle.
        
       | chrismorgan wrote:
       | Fun fact: the Nokia 2780 Flip, despite using USB-C, only accepts
       | the cable in one orientation. Put a cable in upside down, and
       | nothing happens. Confirmed with the charger it comes with and one
       | C-C cable that I already possessed.
       | 
       | (Additional fun fact: the box says it uses Micro-USB.)
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | "Ajay Bhatt, widely considered the inventor of USB..."
       | 
       | Interesting. I had been told long ago that my fellow-Inmosian
       | Dave Wooten was instrumental. And sure enough:
       | 
       | "David was principal architect for USB 1.0, USB 1.1, and USB
       | 2.0."
       | 
       | from https://ece.ncsu.edu/honor/david-wooten/
        
       | pmontra wrote:
       | Looking at the logo on the plug is enough to get it right at the
       | first attempt, but only for horizontal ports on a laptop or
       | desktop. For vertical ports or ports on the top (chargers have
       | both types) it's not so easy.
        
       | mixmastamyk wrote:
       | > Someday we'll look back and laugh (or cry) at our early USB
       | struggles.
       | 
       | Hah, sounds like the editor is someone too young to have used
       | serial/parallel/vga ports. Early business PCs, for what ever
       | reason[1] were built like _tanks_. They weighed dozens of kgs
       | /pounds. And the connectors were often screwed in with a
       | screwdriver for good measure.
       | 
       | Yes, you could wing it when being sloppy, but they weren't always
       | very tight and cables heavy so you'd want them screwed in for a
       | long-term installation to avoid issues.
       | 
       | When USB came out it was a revelation that you just needed to pop
       | it in and were done. Yes, you'd have to look at it first, but
       | that was the same with every other port of before that. I
       | remember PS/2 being perhaps hardest to line up correctly.
       | 
       | So USB 1.0 fixed one problem, but not every problem. Not exactly
       | a reason to cry.
       | 
       | [1] Probably inertia from main/minicomputers which were serious
       | installations and needed to keep running through wartime. :-/
        
         | jtaft wrote:
         | Bending a pin stunk. I remeber jamming a flat head screwdriver
         | into the port to try and straighten
        
       | hknmtt wrote:
       | They didn't have to double the wiring, just add wiring to the
       | other side of the connector. That is barely 2 cm of wiring, at
       | most. Also, manufacturers could have made the connectors in a way
       | that would clearly show which side is the top and which is the
       | bottom. So none of the issues had to happen but lazy
       | manufacturers and gullible inventors caused all of this on their
       | own.
        
         | netsharc wrote:
         | I bought a JBL headset which USB power cable is reversible,
         | instead of a big plastic piece for half the plug, it has a thin
         | strip of plastic, so the block of plastic of the port side can
         | go in either side of the plug:
         | https://images.nexusapp.co/assets/4a/75/a0/5733575.jpg
         | 
         | But I guess it might just have two wires (+5V and ground) and
         | no data wires (I can't check it now because I'm at work).
        
           | nyanpasu64 wrote:
           | I had a USB cable with a reversible A plug, but after a few
           | months/years it would stop charging (because the pins either
           | wouldn't make contact with the A socket, or the wires snapped
           | off the pins).
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | > Also, manufacturers could have made the connectors in a way
         | that would clearly show which side is the top and which is the
         | bottom
         | 
         | The spec almost requires manufacturers to do that.
         | https://fabiensanglard.net/usbcheat/usb1.1.pdf, page 81:
         | 
         | "The usb icon is embossed, in a recessed area, on the topside
         | of the USB plug"
         | 
         | "Receptacles should be oriented to allow the Icon on the plug
         | to be visible during the mating process"
         | 
         | So, there _must_ be a tactile and visual indicator (the
         | recessed usb icon) and it _should_ be visible.
         | 
         | They didn't say " _clearly_ visible", though.
        
         | cheaprentalyeti wrote:
         | If they made the connector reversible, you'd have to try to
         | plug it in five times to get the right orientation instead of
         | just three...
        
           | hknmtt wrote:
           | :D
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | I, genuinely, have a USB-C cable which will only charge my
           | phone in one orientation.
           | 
           | That's worse than Type-A, since I can't even look at the end
           | to see which side has the plastic bar, I just have to try it
           | and obviously it fits, but see if it charges. Which means it
           | takes about 94 attempts because I only realise the other
           | end's not plugged in, or it's turned off at the wall, on the
           | 92nd.
        
             | baq wrote:
             | I have an A-C cable which has a _reversible_ type-A plug
             | (basically, it looks like a huge ugly lighting plug) and
             | charges both ways but data only works one way. The first
             | time I wanted to use it for carplay I lost some hair.
        
             | netsharc wrote:
             | I guess you need to mark the correct sides of the cable
             | (and maybe the port) with a dot from a marker, so you know
             | which way is "up"...
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | Honestly I think I just need to get rid of it!
        
             | MBCook wrote:
             | I've noticed that in devices that aren't _truly_ USB-C but
             | seem to be USB-B with a C connector.
             | 
             | They work fine with an A-C cable, even when using that with
             | a C-A dongle. But often only one way up.
             | 
             | They're clearly noncompliant. Not that that stops anyone.
        
       | robin2120 wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | If the plug actually complies with the spec, and has the metal
       | shroud as it is supposed to, it works fine, and will not go in
       | backwards. It's making USB connectors which are just a piece of
       | PC board that's the problem. Looking at you, Yubikey.
        
       | nerpderp82 wrote:
       | USB was a scam from Intel (and Microsoft) to put the PC at center
       | of "your digital life". They both feared that Firewire would be
       | able to send digital streams around and no PC would be necessary.
       | 
       | This man was ideal for the job of USB inventor.
        
       | jdblair wrote:
       | I used to "bedazzle" my USB cables. Bedazzling is when you
       | decorate something with little plastic reflective jewel stickers.
       | I always put the jewel in the same side (the "top") so I could
       | feel which way the cable should be oriented. Then I could be
       | confident I had the orientation correct without looking.
       | 
       | I called this USBedazzling. The other folks in the office didn't
       | think it was a funny as I did.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | what if the port was in the opposite orientation, or worse,
         | vertically oriented?
        
           | havefunbesafe wrote:
           | Then you'd have to close your laptop and walk into the woods
           | forever, I suppose...
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | great, so a tuesday, then?
        
       | nubinetwork wrote:
       | I've seen people try to connect ps/2 and vga cables upside down,
       | and mash all the pins in the process. I'm fine with flipping a
       | USB cable over a couple times until it goes in. /shrug
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | Back in the days when 200 MB was a big drive for a personal
         | computer, IBM was working on a 1 GB drive. I worked at a place
         | that was doing firmware for a company that was going to use
         | those 1 GB drives in their product, and that company had access
         | to some of the earliest test units. We were writing the
         | firmware for that product, so IBM allowed them to loan us a
         | couple of the drives.
         | 
         | I once put one of the drives into my test system, and plugged
         | in the power connector. It used a standard Molex connector [1].
         | 
         | The way the drive was mounted I couldn't actually see the plug
         | or socket. It's a keyed connector so that should not be a
         | problem. Yet somehow I managed to plug it in upside down which
         | fried the drive.
         | 
         | Afterwards I did some tests and found that the plastic on the
         | connector on the drive was very soft. If you tried to plug in
         | the wrong way the parts that were supposed to get in the way
         | due to the keying would just deform out of the weight.
         | 
         | It took more force to insert it the wrong way, but not more
         | than was often needed when you happened across a plug and
         | socket combination that were a tight fit so that didn't tip you
         | off.
         | 
         | I reported that to the person who had loaned us the drive and
         | he told me he'd fried two of them that way. He said that when
         | he told IBM about that his contact there said that they were
         | losing something like 10% of the drives during testing right
         | after manufacturing due to their technicians getting it
         | backward, and the parts list had already been revised to switch
         | to a connector hard enough for the keying to actually work.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molex_connector
        
         | worksonmine wrote:
         | I just touch the connector to find the void. It always goes
         | down and this trick never failed me. I have no problem plugging
         | in USB on the first try even in the dark.
        
         | tinus_hn wrote:
         | You can also insert the USB-a connector upside down, if you use
         | enough force. It won't really break anything but it will bend
         | the plastic part so it becomes hard to insert the right way.
        
           | stavros wrote:
           | This is easily solved by also adding copper tracks on the
           | backside of the connector!
        
           | RandallBrown wrote:
           | I've seen reversible USB connectors that just have flexible
           | pins that bend up or down depending on how the port is
           | oriented.
        
       | Cockbrand wrote:
       | USB A to Micro USB cables with reversible connectors on both ends
       | have been available for a few years - much too late, but still
       | useful. I bought some on AliExpress, and while probably violating
       | some specs, they have been working nicely for me so far.
        
       | omgJustTest wrote:
       | I think people underestimate how cheaply products are made.
       | 
       | > Making USB reversible to begin with would have necessitated
       | twice as many wires and twice as many circuits, and would have
       | doubled the cost.
       | 
       | Adding more wires, even if it is a few is not the cheapest one
       | and therefore not the one that wins. The relative convenience of
       | a feature is always trumped in early days by cost-to-produce.
       | 
       | USB-C recently introducing the symmetry of the connector does not
       | imply that manufacturers will use it... ie you have a symmetric
       | connector that performs differently based on how it was plugged.
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | Also, coming from serial/parallel ports, people are not going
         | to moan that the USB is not reversible.
        
       | elondaits wrote:
       | > But in an effort to keep it as cheap as possible, the decision
       | was made to go with a design that, in theory, would give users a
       | 50/50 chance of plugging it in correctly
       | 
       | They overlooked the statistically significant case where it takes
       | more than two tries to plug it in correctly. Knowing you might
       | have been wrong makes you prematurely abandon an attempt where
       | you had it set the right way.
        
       | aranchelk wrote:
       | My take on USB-A: aside from audio connectors that have axial
       | symmetry (and have no meaningful orientation), I never used any
       | reversible computer cables prior to USB-C, and that's not the
       | main issue. Nor is it the axis of symmetry of the casing allowing
       | failed upside down plugin attempts.
       | 
       | The shitty part of USB-A is that the tactile feedback of being
       | slightly misaligned is identical to it being upside down. My
       | experience tells me no amount of vigorous jiggling or extreme
       | self-confidence will ever allow for consistent average 1.5
       | attempt plugins.
       | 
       | All the standards before USB were in my memory even less user-
       | friendly -- trying in vain to reach behind a heavy computer and
       | unscrew the two jammed retaining bolts holding in a serial,
       | parallel, scsi, vga, or DVI plug with slippery bent plastic
       | jacketed heads. Almost zero clearance from the plug case, that
       | really did suck. Screw it in slightly loser next time, now you've
       | got a flickering monitor, dummy.
       | 
       | And ps2/mini-din connectors sucked too - having the connector
       | off-center or at the wrong rotation also felt quite
       | indistinguishable.
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | > trying in vain to reach behind a heavy computer and unscrew
         | the two jammed retaining bolts holding in a serial, parallel,
         | scsi, vga, or DVI plug with slippery bent plastic jacketed
         | heads
         | 
         | Oh yes, that brings back very bad memories.
         | 
         | Only gradually did it dawn on me that nothing really bad
         | actually happens if I didn't screw the connectors tight on
         | DVI/VGA etc. :)
         | 
         | (Yes, these are technically not plug-and-play, but the
         | occasional disconnect sure beat all the banging my head on the
         | desk and swearing profusely every time I changed something with
         | my personal setup.)
        
           | fireflash38 wrote:
           | It's like VGA cables came with loctite pregooped on with how
           | hard they were to unscrew.
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | This is what I do with these (terrible) screw-in connectors.
           | 
           | - Loosely plug in the connector
           | 
           | - Screw in the right side, relatively tight
           | 
           | - Use the right screw as a pivot point, by pushing the plug
           | to the left, this will properly seat in the connector
           | 
           | - Screw in the left side until it touches, do not tighten
           | 
           | To unscrew, use the left side as a pivot point by pushing the
           | plug to the right, this should loosen the right screw,
           | unscrew it, then, unscrew the left side, which shouldn't be
           | tight if you did it correctly.
           | 
           | Note: you can switch left for right and right for left.
           | 
           | The general idea is to wiggle left and right by using the
           | screws as pivots. Do this to unscrew if it is too tight. If
           | only one side is screwed in (don't do that) and it is too
           | tight, screw in the other side and use the pivot trick.
           | 
           | I don't like not screwing these in as they have a tendency to
           | come loose, especially since they also have poor feedback and
           | chances are that they aren't properly inserted to begin with.
           | 
           | And side note: another thing I hate with this plugs is that
           | when you pull out the cable, the plug tends to grab ever
           | other cable that's on their way. In fact, some of these plugs
           | look suspiciously like boat anchors and seem to be just as
           | effective at grabbing stuff.
        
         | reilly3000 wrote:
         | This brought back many bad memories of trying to straighten a
         | bent pin with needle-nose pliers and other tools that weren't
         | made of the job.
        
         | xorcist wrote:
         | Ah, the token ring connectors. Not reversible, but genderless.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | The D-sub connectors were pretty intuitive, as far as I can
         | remember. The 9-pin joystick ports never caused much trouble.
         | 
         | Making the USB connectors symmetric in their outer shape but
         | not symmetrically pluggable was really inexcusable. When it
         | came out I remember thinking that it was worse than any of the
         | existing connectors. And this is supposed to be the new
         | "universal" connector?
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | > The D-sub connectors were pretty intuitive, as far as I can
           | remember.
           | 
           | I never personally had a problem with them, but I can attest
           | that people did. At my first job (a small computer shop), we
           | had multiple customers who tried to jam their D-sub connector
           | on wrong, and broke one or more pins off. Since this was back
           | in the day when the cable was hard wired into the monitor,
           | that generally meant they had to buy a new monitor.
        
             | nerpderp82 wrote:
             | That is malicious, you cut off the d-sub connector and put
             | another one on. I have never heard of someone replacing a
             | monitor because the pins on the connector were damaged.
        
               | bigstrat2003 wrote:
               | I've never heard of anyone replacing their hard wired
               | monitor cable. And in any case I certainly wouldn't have
               | had the skills, so I think "malicious" is an uncalled-for
               | term here. Maybe my boss (the owner) knew better and
               | chose to charge people for new monitors, but I definitely
               | didn't.
        
         | hedora wrote:
         | The best feature of those little thumb screws was that the
         | computer-side mount could become unscrewed and fall off when
         | you were trying to remove the cable. On some machines, it was
         | held in with a tiny little nut on the inside of the case. The
         | nut was just the right size to fall onto a motherboard and
         | bridge PCB traces or exposed I/O pins.
         | 
         | Of course, there was no way to detect this by feel.
        
         | postmodest wrote:
         | At least PS/2 cables were mostly made with "keyed" rubber
         | jackets where one side was flat and the other rounded, so in
         | the dark you could tell which way was up.
         | 
         | (Though, that keyboard and mouse were different ports was
         | stupid, so it loses points there)
        
           | userbinator wrote:
           | Keyboard was always the one closest to the mobo, since it was
           | there first (and was originally a larger, more robust DIN
           | connector); the mouse piggybacked on top of that later.
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | _Never_ have I been able to successfully plug a PS /2 port in
           | by haptics alone.
           | 
           | I can totally see how they were designed to theoretically
           | allow for it; practically, the tactile feedback for the
           | correct orientation is just way too subtle.
           | 
           | And regarding the two different ports: I can't remember (or
           | rather, I was never motivated to revisit the plugs once
           | connected to experiment, since it was such a pain) - was
           | there a technical reason for that, or could modern
           | mainboards/BIOSes/OSes detect and correct for that?
        
             | a1369209993 wrote:
             | > was there a technical reason for that, or could modern
             | mainboards/BIOSes/OSes detect and correct for that?
             | 
             | IIRC, there was a technical reason in that original
             | mainboards lacked the circuitry to detect and correct for
             | it (I _think_ different mouse vs keyboard interrupts were
             | involved?), and it would have been a extra xC/ on the BOM.
             | But modern mainboards just use two of the same circuit and
             | in fact do work fine if you swap them (tested just now,
             | sample size of 1).
        
         | AnotherGoodName wrote:
         | This is somewhat related as it's the next step of the above.
         | 
         | The floating tongue of the USB connection is in the socket, not
         | the on the cable. As in the most fragile part of the design is
         | on the device side, not the cable side. This means that you can
         | more easily break your $1000 device not the $2 cable. They
         | repeated this mistake with USB-C as well.
         | 
         | It's not hard to make a port where the cable is the free
         | floating tongue and the device is a more robust socket that
         | wraps around that fragile piece. I know everyone's happy about
         | the iPhone moving to USB-C but the tongue on the cable side
         | that it had was much better. Anyone who's tripped on a cable
         | and broken a USB socket can attest to this.
        
           | mtoner23 wrote:
           | Idk, lightning has the opposite problem where the contacts
           | are exposed and degrade very quickly on the cable and need to
           | be replaced constantly. Great for apple. And lightning has
           | the gripping pins on the phone which degrade rather quickly
           | too over repeated use. No cable is perfect I fear
        
         | Findecanor wrote:
         | I fail to understand what you mean with plugging a mini-DIN
         | plug "off-center". Please explain!
         | 
         | I find it easy to use by feel alone. You can feel when the
         | sleeve fits the socket. Then you can rotate it in the socket
         | until it can go all the way in.
        
           | ghusbands wrote:
           | Given the number of bent pins I've seen on mini-DIN
           | connectors, I think people don't find it as easy as you do.
        
       | sbjs wrote:
       | > Sometime later, I also learned that "three" is usually the
       | magic number for correctly plugging in a USB Type-A device. It's
       | a maddening dance and it begs the question, why wasn't the
       | Universal Serial Bus designed with a reversible connector from
       | the outset?
       | 
       | Honestly when this is the biggest problem you face on a daily
       | basis, your life must be relatively easy.
        
       | tommiegannert wrote:
       | If we're not going back to circular slip-ring connectors that
       | allow rotation (like TRS or DC plugs,) then the step after the
       | +-90 _-reversible USB-C is a triangular one. So you only need to
       | rotate it +-30_ if you got it wrong. Now I really want a
       | triangular connector. Like in alien-tech movies.
        
         | polishdude20 wrote:
         | Let's go further and get a hexagonal one.
        
           | jpeanuts wrote:
           | This is not so crazy - this was exactly the progression in
           | screw drives. First came slotted screws (2-fold rotational
           | symmetry), then Phillips/posidrive/Robertson (4-fold), and
           | now Torx (6-fold). Going back to slotted now is actually
           | irritating.
           | 
           | Of course the constraints and trade-offs are very
           | different... still it would be a piece of cake to plug them
           | in on the backside of a box with your eyes closed.
        
       | k3vinw wrote:
       | From the article: "Bhatt's idea for the USB was inspired by his
       | own experience as a user dealing with tech frustrations far
       | beyond the scope of a get-it-wrong-the-first-time cable."
       | 
       | Exactly what made USB so awesome when it first came out. I guess
       | you had to be there.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | D-sub and likes were lot worse. USB is robust and don't need
         | things like screws. Din and mini-din also have similar issues.
         | Compared to either family USB is clearly a more usable design.
        
       | pseudosavant wrote:
       | I think people really need to think about USB Type A in the
       | context of the connectors it was 'competing' with: DSUB9 (VGA),
       | RS-232 (serial), DB-25 (parallel), PS/2 (keyboard/mouse). These
       | were, by modern standards, complete garbage connectors. Huge.
       | Didn't stay plugged in securely unless the connector had screws.
       | Only went one way.
       | 
       | USB 1 stayed plugged in, required no screws, had higher bandwidth
       | than any data port you'd find on a typical PC, the wires were
       | much thinner, and it could even power low power devices! Yes, a
       | design that doesn't take three tries (my average) to get right
       | would be nice, but it exceeded every existing port by miles.
       | Audio jacks were the only ports that didn't have a direction back
       | then.
        
         | NegativeK wrote:
         | The idea of trying to plug a serial, parallel, or VGA cable
         | into a computer blindly seems hilariously unlikely.
         | 
         | And I distinctly remember getting excited about upgrading to a
         | motherboard that supported USB for the hot-pluggability. I was
         | overexcited, but still.
        
         | Findecanor wrote:
         | Also, those older plugs were more or less not hot-pluggable.
         | The computer had to be off ( _really_ off, not _standby_ )
         | before you plugged/unplugged a cable, or you'd risk damaging
         | the port and/or the device.
         | 
         | The only exception I know of is that Apple Desktop Bus (mini-
         | DIN) had been designed (by Woz !) to be _supposed_ to be hot-
         | pluggable but Apple cheaped out on overcurrent protection so it
         | never was.
         | 
         | Edit: I forgot: in a MIDI connection there is an opto-coupler
         | behind the receiving end, to electrically separate devices.
        
       | snakeyjake wrote:
       | > Making USB reversible to begin with would have necessitated
       | twice as many wires and twice as many circuits, and would have
       | doubled the cost.
       | 
       | This is... not correct.
       | 
       | You can make USB reversible with 1 extra pin and 1 extra wire.
       | Grounds on pins 1 and 5, data on pins 2 and 4, and VCC on pin 3.
       | Then have those pins on both sides of the plug and a socket with
       | a single set of contacts on one side.
       | 
       | That's BASICALLY what Apple did with lightning.
       | 
       | Then you implement auto crossover detection, (edit: Gah! you
       | don't even have to do that just flip the flipping wires) which
       | had been around for years and is dirt cheap, in the hub. It would
       | have been like, six, more transistors in the hub IC.
       | 
       | edit: I completely forgot that reversible USB 2.0 plugs already
       | exist and use a simpler (and cheaper) method. They just tend not
       | to be so reliable because of the thinner materials and the fact
       | that they're not spec-compliant so they tend to be grey market
       | jobs made for the lowest price possible.
       | 
       | Here is one: https://www.amazon.com/Tripp-Lite-Universal-
       | Reversible-UR050...
       | 
       | No doubling of wires or circuits required, just a thin double-
       | sided PCB.
       | 
       | Was the connector form-factor inherited from an earlier project
       | and the players didn't want to design a new one?
        
         | whoooooo123 wrote:
         | The problem with USB-a isn't that it's non reversible, it's
         | that it's non-reversible _and_ rectangular, so it's not clear
         | at a glance which way round it should go.
         | 
         | All they had to do was make the connector have a non-
         | symmetrical shape so that it's immediately obvious which way
         | round it goes when you pick it up - you could do it without
         | even looking. Think of how much time we'd have collectively
         | saved with this minor design change.
        
           | davidgay wrote:
           | That only works when you can see the place you're connecting
           | to, or have used it many times.
           | 
           | I've definitely cursed many times failing to plug in non-
           | rectangular VGA, serial and parallel cables ;)
           | 
           | [edit: it is still better, but not a panacea]
        
           | stevage wrote:
           | Even having a bump on the rubber moulding as part of the
           | standard would have solved the problem.
        
             | rzzzt wrote:
             | The USB symbol goes on top, IIRC.
             | 
             | Edit: ninja'd by an enormous amount of people elsewhere in
             | the thread, gah.
        
               | qup wrote:
               | This is not always true, and not all ports are horizontal
               | anyway.
        
             | Smoosh wrote:
             | Heck, just making the plastic insert white instead of black
             | (now sometimes blue, occasionally orange) would have
             | helped.
        
           | themerone wrote:
           | They did that from the beginning with USB-B, but they never
           | standardized an orientation.
        
           | m_0x wrote:
           | > All they had to do was make the connector have a non-
           | symmetrical shape so that it's immediately obvious which way
           | round it goes when you pick it up - you could do it without
           | even looking. Think of how much time we'd have collectively
           | saved with this minor design change.
           | 
           | I disagree. When connecting an HDMI cable I sometimes have
           | issues, especially if in a weird angle.
           | 
           | However I do concede is faster to connect an HDMI than a USB
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Yeah, I want the connector that can be attached by only
             | moving the TV a few inches, just enough to get my hand to
             | fit and feel around, not something I have to rearrange the
             | furniture for and break out some headlight to see which
             | direction the cable is oriented. With BNC cables, I could
             | do it with my eyes closed.
        
               | rainbowzootsuit wrote:
               | I find that a USB-A fits reasonably by feel into an
               | Ethernet port for extra points.
        
           | jonny_eh wrote:
           | For an example of an asymmetrical "rectangle", look at HDMI: 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDMI#/media/File:HDMI_connecto.
           | ..
        
         | gzalo wrote:
         | > Then you implement auto crossover detection, dwhich had been
         | around for years
         | 
         | Mdi-x/auto crossover for ethernet was introduced in 1999, that
         | is after USB (1996) was designed, not sure of the technique was
         | known at that time
        
           | dboreham wrote:
           | There were auto-crossover RS-232 boxes going back deep into
           | the 1980s.
        
             | sitzkrieg wrote:
             | with baud rate detection to boot (down the line)
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | There are also reversible USB plugs that are a single "tongue",
         | inheriting that design from USB drives that don't have any plug
         | to speak of but look more like a card-edge connector:
         | 
         | https://www.pcgamer.com/youre-telling-me-we-could-have-had-r...
         | 
         | https://2b.com.eg/en/2b-cv177-cable-usb-type-a-reversible-pl...
        
           | Waterluvian wrote:
           | I got these by accident, spent a month thinking I had
           | incredible USB skills, then discovered and became fascinated
           | by the tongue.
        
         | kybernetikos wrote:
         | Couldn't original USB have used TRRS? That's better than
         | reversible - an infinite number of orientations are allowed.
        
           | userbinator wrote:
           | That shorts together a lot of the contacts as you're plugging
           | it in.
           | 
           | There are of course various devices which somehow ended up
           | using TRRS for USB, but unplugging/plugging those while
           | powered is definitely not recommended:
           | 
           | https://www.reddit.com/r/ErgoMechKeyboards/comments/rt083u/a.
           | ..
           | 
           | http://www.totekinternational.com/35mm-trrs-to-usb-a-male-
           | ca...
           | 
           | https://pinoutguide.com/PortableDevices/ipod_shuffle_pinout..
           | ..
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | >edit: Gah! you don't even have to do that just flip the
         | flipping wires)
         | 
         | Isn't that essentially what all ethernet cables do? it's not
         | like this something never done before.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Ethernet hardware _now_ has auto-crossover. However, that
           | hasn 't always been the case. There was a good decade in the
           | 90's where you needed a special cable wiring if you wanted to
           | connect two computers vs a computer to a switch.
        
             | HeckFeck wrote:
             | I once used a crossover cable with an old 3Com card and a
             | Linksys switch - whatever it sent down the wires, the
             | Ethernet port on that switch was fried and has never done
             | Tx or Rx since. I bandaged it with electric tape so I don't
             | connect something else, and also in hope it will someday
             | heal.
             | 
             | The 3Com card was unscathed. In fact, it is probably
             | feeling stronger after that exertion.
        
             | Sakos wrote:
             | Easily going into the early 2000s. I remember trying to
             | setup LAN parties in 2004/2005, where the wrong combination
             | of patch or normal cable with hub/switch/PC made everything
             | a nightmare.
        
             | hedora wrote:
             | Hah! I recently had to put ends on a Cat 6 cable for weird
             | reasons, and spent a few minutes deciding if it needed to
             | be crossover or not.
        
           | JoblessWonder wrote:
           | When was Auto MDI-X introduced? A quick google failed to get
           | me an answer but I remember USB being available while I still
           | needed a crossover cable to hook up 2 switches.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | oh god, I was made to be an idiot when I once told someone
             | they would need a crossover cable to do what they wanted to
             | do a few years ago...
        
               | JoblessWonder wrote:
               | If it makes you feel any better... for some reason there
               | are some currently in production business jets that still
               | require crossover cables for maintenance... so they ARE
               | still required sometimes.
        
         | jbverschoor wrote:
         | I think he DID explain why: he didn't and doesn't know how
        
         | ozymandias12 wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
       | laydn wrote:
       | It just had to be non-symmetrical on the Z-axis, that's all. Like
       | an HDMI connector.
        
         | simonjgreen wrote:
         | Or displayport. Personally I find hdmi almost as annoying as
         | usb, though I can't explain why that happens!
        
           | jve wrote:
           | Because when you have to plug hdmi on a wall mounted tv or
           | monitor that is close to wall and hard to rotate - you end up
           | not only guessing orientation but having a hard time to find
           | that port... :)
        
             | simonjgreen wrote:
             | I feel like it's the aspect ratio of the plug too. Being
             | long and thin you have to get it perfectly straight AND the
             | right way round
        
           | opan wrote:
           | One problem with HDMI is that it has no clips or screws or
           | similar holding it in, unlike DP, DVI, VGA, BNC... I remember
           | I used to knock the HDMI out of one of my monitors with my
           | foot all the time. It plugged in going straight up and barely
           | could resist a bit more force than gravity, and the cable
           | dangled behind the desk since the tower was on the floor.
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | That has not been my experience with HDMI, I've never had a
             | cable anywhere close to popping out because of gravity, no
             | matter the orientation.
        
             | NegativeK wrote:
             | I can not express how much infuriating the DP retaining
             | clip can be.
             | 
             | Often manufacturers don't leave much space for fingers
             | around the cable ends, which means trying to squeeze
             | fingers in to release the clip.
        
             | ruined wrote:
             | the correct solution there is to manage your cables.
             | yanking your monitor off the desk would not be an
             | improvement
        
       | aidenn0 wrote:
       | I still am more annoyed by it being the same width as an RJ-45
       | connector. Worse than not being able to plug it in is having it
       | plug in and not work.
        
         | nxobject wrote:
         | In the same vein, USB-A has a plugin-nable space barely the
         | same diameter as a headphone jack - there have been a few times
         | that I've plugged a headphone without looking into an adjacent
         | USB receptacle. It happened surprisingly often when MacBooks
         | had USB-A.
        
         | whoopdedo wrote:
         | As annoying as this has been when it happened to me, I also
         | have wondered if they did it on purpose to make it easier for
         | assemblers. If the tooling needed for USB, Ethernet, and eSATA
         | are all the same size you can save cost through reuse.
        
       | standardUser wrote:
       | The entire situation could have been avoided with a notch like a
       | thousand other plugs and connectors have.
        
       | blamazon wrote:
       | This page was difficult to read on my mobile due to ads. Here is
       | a link to the source of the interview mentioned in the headline:
       | 
       | https://text.npr.org/2019/06/21/734451600/ever-plugged-a-usb...
        
         | coldpie wrote:
         | Install an ad blocker, friend! Firefox + uBlock Origin on
         | Android, or 1Blocker on iOS.
        
           | OGWhales wrote:
           | You can also use Orion on iOS, it has built in ad-blocking or
           | you can install Ublock Origin extension.
        
         | bsimpson wrote:
         | @dang can we update the src?
        
       | devit wrote:
       | If you have a reversible connector, then you might be entangled
       | in a dilemma of which way is the "better" or "optimal" or
       | "canonical" way, while with a non-reversible one there is only
       | one way and thus no dilemma.
       | 
       | And in fact USB-C is not really physically reversible, because
       | the hardware detects which way it's plugged in and permutes the
       | signals, as opposed to mirroring all the wires, so there is
       | indeed a "right" way of inserting an USB-C plug, except it's
       | impossible to tell which it is without a dedicated hardware
       | tester.
        
         | mtmail wrote:
         | > permutes the signals
         | 
         | Does that cause a noticable difference, for example lower
         | speeds?
        
         | duskwuff wrote:
         | > the hardware detects which way it's plugged in and permutes
         | the signals
         | 
         | For USB3/4 signals, yes. But the hardware needed to interact
         | with those signals is complex enough that making it also
         | support swapping pins is a minor detail.
         | 
         | The USB2 and power lines, on the other hand, are all present on
         | both sides. This means that simple devices don't need to detect
         | orientation; they can connect the duplicated pins together and
         | everything works.
        
         | mananaysiempre wrote:
         | A USB 2.0 device is usually supposed[1] to just short the two
         | possible positions of each data pin in its USB-C port (the four
         | power pins are always shorted, of course, as are the four
         | ground ones). Orientation sensing only comes into play when you
         | start using the SuperSpeed lanes (for signal interference
         | reasons).
         | 
         | [1] https://www.microchip.com/en-us/application-notes/an1953,
         | 1.3.1
        
         | lisper wrote:
         | And indeed there are usb-c hubs that only work in one
         | orientation so we now have the worst of all possible worlds.
        
           | Clamchop wrote:
           | I'm reluctant to consider shoddy or noncompliant
           | implementations as counting against a technology. If I did,
           | then it'd follow that there's no such thing as a good idea,
           | and I could only agree with that if I were having a bad
           | episode of ennui.
        
             | palata wrote:
             | > I'm reluctant to consider shoddy or noncompliant
             | implementations as counting against a technology.
             | 
             | I find it interesting that it is typically done with
             | programming languages. "This programming languages allows
             | people to write complicated, unreadable code, hence the
             | language is bad".
        
               | bigstrat2003 wrote:
               | In fairness there are plenty of people who think one
               | should not consider it a language flaw if you can shoot
               | yourself in the foot. See: basically every C programmer.
        
           | ezfe wrote:
           | I would argue those hubs do not work
        
             | hiatus wrote:
             | It's the same with usb-c extension cords. Our extension
             | cords now need microcontrollers in them, what a time to be
             | alive.
        
               | mananaysiempre wrote:
               | Given those microcontrollers are 0.05 USD at worst, meh,
               | though I acknowledge it sounds a bit crazy if you don't
               | recognize how cheap micros can be nowadays. Laptop
               | chargers have used similar schemes (perhaps with bare
               | serial EEPROMs instead of MCUs) since forever, FWIW.
        
         | tester756 wrote:
         | I can swear I've felt that when I incorrectly plugged my USB-C
         | to dock station, then I had some crazy issues e.g related to
         | bluetooth. I tried restarts, adapter unplugs, etc, etc.
         | 
         | But when I unplugged the cable and reversed it then the issue
         | disappeared
        
       | palata wrote:
       | I don't really get why people hate USB-A so much. I almost always
       | plug my USB-A in the first try, because most of my devices have a
       | clear up/down (e.g. a laptop or a docking station), and the
       | plastic part always goes down.
       | 
       | Of course the vertical ports behind a machine are a bit harder to
       | access, but... well anyway they are. And usually those are not
       | the ones I unplug/replug often.
        
       | snarfy wrote:
       | I was always hoping for a 3.5mm jack for a connector.
       | 
       | Radially symmetric, it can go in any direction. I've heard
       | arguments this could cause connection issues since it could
       | rotate while connected, causing small contact misses, but I think
       | that could be designed around.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | ghaff wrote:
       | I used to know one of the people involved in the spec at Intel
       | and he long claimed to regret they couldn't find a (presumably
       | politically acceptable) way to make it reversible.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-10-09 23:00 UTC)