[HN Gopher] Privacy is priceless, but Signal is expensive
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Privacy is priceless, but Signal is expensive
        
       Author : mikece
       Score  : 661 points
       Date   : 2023-11-16 16:18 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (signal.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (signal.org)
        
       | Dunedan wrote:
       | > Storage: $1.3 million dollars per year.
       | 
       | > Servers: $2.9 million dollars per year.
       | 
       | > Registration Fees: $6 million dollars per year.
       | 
       | > Total Bandwidth: $2.8 million dollars per year.
       | 
       | > Additional Services: $700,000 dollars per year.
       | 
       | Signal pays more for delivering verification SMS during sign-up,
       | than for all other infrastructure (except traffic) combined. Wow,
       | that sounds excessive.
        
         | bilal4hmed wrote:
         | is there any way they can reduce that cost?
        
           | java-man wrote:
           | Yeah, decouple Signal user identity from the phone number.
        
             | tapoxi wrote:
             | This will probably never happen. One of the reasons
             | WhatsApp blew up is because using a phone number as your
             | source of identification means there's much less friction
             | in the signup flow. No username/password to create and your
             | social graph is already there in your contact list.
             | 
             | My mom was able to get our entire extended family on Signal
             | without my involvement, which is a testament to how easy
             | that is.
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | They're already working on it:
               | https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/software/signal-
               | tests-...
               | 
               | Not whether that's a good idea is more debatable; you're
               | not wrong about discoverability.
        
               | tapoxi wrote:
               | Those are in addition to the phone number, but it will
               | still require a phone number under the hood.
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | In the short term it will, and quite possibly in a long-
               | term also, but if you were going to fully make phone
               | numbers optional, I'm pretty sure this is the first step
               | you would take. At the very least it sure looks like
               | they're starting to build the possibility.
        
               | GuB-42 wrote:
               | They also blew up because it was also quite decent SMS
               | app, so you just had to install Signal and use it instead
               | of your default SMS app. All your messages are there, you
               | can continue to communicate exactly like you did before,
               | except that now, if the other person also has Signal,
               | your messages are encrypted.
               | 
               | They stopped doing that (and I uninstalled Signal as a
               | result), so they can also stop with the phone number
               | thing, in fact, it would make more sense than with the
               | current situation where Signal needs a phone number but
               | doesn't use it (except for registration). I could even
               | reinstall Signal if they do this.
        
               | panarky wrote:
               | Why not both?
               | 
               | If I want discoverability, let me provide my phone
               | number.
               | 
               | If I want privacy, just assign a random identifier.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | Nobody is demanding them to stop supporting phone numbers
               | as identifiers/verification methods.
               | 
               | I'm not mad at all if somebody prefers using their phone
               | number and not having a password for a service - just
               | give me the option to use my email address and/or a
               | username.
               | 
               | There are too many "phone number only" services out there
               | these days.
        
               | tapoxi wrote:
               | Usernames are currently available in beta, the post I was
               | replying to wondered if SMS verification could be removed
               | because it's expensive.
        
             | xhkkffbf wrote:
             | Which might be said to increase privacy. I suppose there's
             | something to the point about combating spam. But surely
             | there are other ways to do this, right?
        
               | smt88 wrote:
               | Getting rid of phone numbers would make anonymity easier,
               | but it wouldn't affect privacy. Signal is explicitly
               | private but not anonymous.
               | 
               | In most countries, you can get an anonymous phone number
               | anyway.
        
             | j45 wrote:
             | Phone numbers are the easiest login for people, especially
             | in a world where not everyone has an email address.
             | 
             | I know this will invite comments about usernames. I would
             | like usernames a lot too.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | If only it was possible for a service to support both!
        
           | i67vw3 wrote:
           | Send them via whatsapp. A lot of online services give an
           | option to send OTP via whatsapp along with SMS/Email.
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | As far as I understand, this is even more expensive than
             | SMS in many cases due to WhatsApp's B2C messaging fee
             | structure.
             | 
             | It's also not a great idea to make sign-ups for an instant
             | messaging service contingent on having an account with
             | another, competing service.
        
         | blakesterz wrote:
         | Twitter said that's why they got rid of the SMS 2FA. They said
         | it was costing millions to have that enabled for them.
         | 
         | https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/18/business/twitter-blue-two-fac...
        
           | chimeracoder wrote:
           | > Twitter said that's why they got rid of the SMS 2FA. They
           | said it was costing millions to have that enabled for them.
           | 
           | Previous Twitter employees have said that this is incorrect.
           | Because Twitter began as an SMS-only (and then SMS-first)
           | application (remember 40404?), they very early on established
           | direct-connection infrastructure for sending SMS, meaning
           | that they have a marginal cost of literally $0.00/message in
           | most markets. Twitter still has to maintain that
           | infrastructure, because they didn't get rid of SMS 2FA - they
           | just restricted it to Twitter Blue users, so the overhead is
           | still the same.
           | 
           | Almost nobody else who delivers SMS today has that
           | infrastructure, because it doesn't make sense for most
           | services to build.
           | 
           | The only place where Twitter was paying significant amounts
           | for SMS was due to SMS pump schemes, which is a consequence
           | of Twitter gutting its anti-spam detection, resulting in them
           | paying for SMS pumping which was previously blocked.
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | > they very early on established direct-connection
             | infrastructure for sending SMS, meaning that they have a
             | marginal cost of literally $0.00/message in most markets.
             | 
             | I am very, very interested to understand how that works,
             | because without more detail or sources I'm calling
             | bullshit. I definitely understand how Twitter could have
             | greatly reduced their per-message fee with telecom
             | providers, but at the end of the day Twitter is _not_ a
             | telecom and is still at the mercy of whoever is that  "last
             | mile" for actually delivering the SMS to your phone, so I
             | don't understand how they have no marginal cost here. Happy
             | to be proven wrong.
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | Not who you are responding to, but my guess is that it
               | was all fixed costs. They spend $20mm (or whatever) to
               | maintain access, and maintain infrastructure and they get
               | to send as many SMS messages as they want.
               | 
               | So sending 1 costs the same as sending a 10 million. It
               | isn't that they are free to send, its that they are
               | charged for access to the system, but aren't charged per
               | message.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | > spend $20mm (or whatever) to maintain access, and
               | maintain infrastructure and they get to send as many SMS
               | messages as they want.
               | 
               | This is not how SMS pricing works in many, if not, most
               | countries.
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | Is that true at scale? If I tell the telecoms that I want
               | to send a billion messages per year it seems like they
               | might be willing to take a lump sum instead of setting up
               | the systems to bill based on usage.
               | 
               | I have no experience directly with foreign telecoms, so I
               | was simply explaining how something with no marginal cost
               | could still be a very expensive system.
        
               | nerdbert wrote:
               | I don't know of countries that mandate a minimum price.
               | If you are doing high volume you are free to work
               | directly with carriers. If you are drawing as much
               | billable traffic as you are sending, then that could even
               | be a wash.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Carriers that run their own messaging infrastructure can
               | allow for direct connections from 3rd parties, and set
               | the price per message to whatever they want, including
               | zero.
               | 
               | For something like Twitter where you could post by SMS,
               | the balance of traffic might have been such that giving
               | Twitter free outbound SMS was balanced by the charges
               | incurred by customers sending to Twitter's shortcode. Or
               | it might just be balanced by increased customer happiness
               | when they can use the product more effectively.
               | 
               | If the carrier doesn't run their own messaging infra,
               | they might be paying their IT provider on a per message
               | basis, and might not be able or willing to set the
               | messaging rate to zero.
               | 
               | For a use case where SMS is used to show control of a
               | phone number, getting a zero cost direct route is a
               | harder sell, but it can happen if the routing through
               | aggregators is poor and the carrier is concerned about
               | that, or if there's some other larger agreement in play.
        
               | peanut-walrus wrote:
               | If you require global connectivity, managing hundreds of
               | carrier APIs, contracts, etc seems like major overhead.
               | Also, there are companies whose only purpose for existing
               | is providing messaging, like Twilio, are they just...not
               | doing this or do the carriers just not play ball? In that
               | case, why would the carriers agree to sell to you at a
               | discount?
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Aggregators do some of this, and they can negotiate
               | pricing to some degree, but a carrier is unlikely to
               | intentionally give them zero cost traffic, and even if
               | they do, they're not going to pass that through at zero
               | cost.
               | 
               | I ran the engineering side of carrier integrations at
               | WhatsApp. Carriers wanted to sell data plans with special
               | pricing for data with WA and use WA branding in
               | advertising, because it attracted customers that might
               | later convert to a bigger general purpose data plan. As
               | part of that, we would ask for zero rated SMS to their
               | customers for verification. When it was available, it was
               | generally faster and higher success vs sending messages
               | through an aggregator.
               | 
               | We also had some, usually small, carriers approach us
               | asking us to set up direct routes to them for
               | verification, because their customers would not always
               | receive our messages when we sent through an aggregator.
               | Early in my career at WA, we would just send these
               | carriers to our aggregator contacts, and often things
               | would get linked up and then we'd still pay $/message but
               | it would work better. As we got a little bigger and built
               | support for direct routes anyway, it was usually not too
               | hard to set up a direct connection and then there'd be no
               | cost for that carrier. Messing around with IPSEC VPNs and
               | SMPP isn't fun and the GSMA SOAP messaging APIs are way
               | worse, but once you get the first couple implementations
               | done, it becomes cookie cutter (and FB had built way
               | better tools for this, and a 24/7 support team, so I
               | never had to be up, on the phone with telco peeps at 3 am
               | kicking racoon or whatever ipsec daemon we were running
               | until it finally connected)
        
               | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
               | Thanks very much for sharing your experience and detail!
               | This kind of info is what I was looking for and is super
               | helpful.
        
         | baby wrote:
         | I really wonder why it's so expensive to run. I always hear
         | things about scaling but I used to run a top 500 alexia website
         | and it was just a php app running on a mutualized offer for
         | $5/month. Lots of manual caching though but still.
         | 
         | My wild guess is that either the stack is not really optimal
         | (last I heard it was java) or they do other costly things at
         | scale (sgx?)
        
           | suriyaG wrote:
           | I guess, then the question is how real time was the website.
           | Was it as real time as supporting, instant messaging,
           | voice/video calls etc
        
             | baby wrote:
             | Oh I forgot that signal is not just about forwarding
             | messages. I'm wondering how much the VOIP costs.
        
               | AlecSchueler wrote:
               | Don't forget media!
        
               | zimpenfish wrote:
               | FTA: "Signal spends around $2.8 million dollars per year
               | on bandwidth to support sending messages and files (such
               | as photos, videos, voice notes, documents, etc.) and to
               | enable voice and video calls."
        
           | willsmith72 wrote:
           | how is that in any way comparable? it's not about java vs php
        
           | mi_lk wrote:
           | > the stack is not really optimal (last I heard it was java)
           | 
           | how's java relevant here?
        
             | hotnfresh wrote:
             | Java in theory and in synthetic benchmarks: damn near as
             | lean and mean as C.
             | 
             | Every actual Java project: "oh, did you want that memory
             | and those cycles for something else? Yeah, sorry, I need
             | them all. Why no, I'm _not_ actually doing anything right
             | now, why do you ask?"
        
               | belltaco wrote:
               | 100% true in my experience. Literally anything else is
               | far better when it comes to bloat, including C#, RoR etc.
               | 
               | Increasing the Java heap size just makes it so that when
               | garbage collection eventually hits, it causes an even
               | more massive slowdown across the entire application.
        
               | callalex wrote:
               | In this case we don't need to speculate at all. Signal is
               | open source. Back when I was at Twilio we even did some
               | at-scale experiments with running Signal. The intensive
               | parts have absolutely nothing to do with Java because the
               | server logic is relatively simple. The hard parts of
               | Signal are the database storage/retrieval and the
               | encryption.
        
           | j45 wrote:
           | Java is likely the most optimized part of the stack.
           | 
           | Many startups move up to the jam when there is little else
           | that has optimized performance and efficiency like the jvm
           | for 20-30 years.
           | 
           | Of courses this is a moot conversation if you've never used
           | Java at scale. Apple and others are Java houses.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Java is entirely performant if you treat it right, and many
             | of the problems with GC in J8 are fixed in later versions.
             | 
             | You can push Java _very_ far.
             | 
             | Of course you can also write horribly ugly code in it.
        
           | dexwiz wrote:
           | You can't send an sms yourself like you can an email. Instead
           | of setting up a server, you have to work with a telco
           | provider (an aggregator specifically). Any SMS service
           | eventually hands off to one of these. Many SaaS SMS providers
           | are just frontends for legacy telco services. They charge
           | insane fees because they can, that is all there is to it.
           | 
           | Sending mass email is still difficult. Its probably easier to
           | pay a provider than set up and establish reputation for
           | yourself. But they don't charge near the rates. Last time I
           | compared rates it was something like 10x-100x to send an sms
           | compared to an email, but it has been a while.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Maybe they should flip it on its head - get a thousand? Ten
             | thousand? numbers that can _accept_ SMS and tell people to
             | "text 473843 to this number" to verify.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | That's in fact how iMessage does phone number
               | verification. It works really poorly internationally.
        
               | dexwiz wrote:
               | It's usually even more expensive to support receiving
               | messages than sending them, beyond keywords like
               | Unsubscribe. If you want any sort of threading its going
               | to be extra. Also its extra for dedicated shortcodes.
               | When you get an SMS from a random shortcode, there might
               | be multiple companies using that code, but they mix the
               | pools enough that its unlikely you will receive two
               | messages from two companies from the same code. Also
               | shortcodes are usually country/region locked. So if you
               | want to international support, you need to buy shortcodes
               | in multiple regions, and different regions have different
               | telco laws. On top of that, provisioning is very manual
               | compared to the modern cloud.
               | 
               | I supported a marketing platform for a while, and it was
               | so much easier to send an email than an sms.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | SMS sender isn't generally something you can trust. If
               | you get the SMS directly from the carrier that's
               | responsible for the number, and you have reason to trust
               | their SMS sending to verify the sender, then yes. But in
               | countries with number portability, you still need to pay
               | to lookup the carrier responsible for a number.
               | 
               | And you'll need to maintain ingress numbers in all the
               | countries you support, and maybe numbers per carrier,
               | depending, and you'll need to tell the user the right
               | number to text to ... it's a lot, and it might not work
               | well or might not save much money.
        
             | rezonant wrote:
             | > Many SaaS SMS providers are just frontends for legacy
             | telco services.
             | 
             | I worked on an automated SMS marketing system back in the
             | day so I have seen this in action, at scale. This would be
             | stuff like "text LAKERS to 12345 for Lakers updates"- we
             | didn't handle the Lakers but we did handle many sports
             | teams. Though I wasn't privvy to the financial side, I got
             | the sense that the per-text cost ended up being manageable
             | at scale, but this is because we were one organization who
             | would apply the rules onto our own customers, and if we
             | failed to do so properly we risked losing the interconnects
             | to the various carriers. We typically used a single
             | contracted "aggregator" service which provided a unified
             | API for the carriers. When I left, we were using
             | OpenMarket.
             | 
             | When you have a self-service SaaS offering such as Twilio,
             | the per-text costs are going to go up because the barriers
             | for sending unwanted texts (or fail to follow the rest of
             | the rules mandated by the TCPA) is so much lower, and
             | Twilio has to address that organizationally which adds
             | cost.
             | 
             | Additionally, Twilio does not purchase short codes (ie
             | 12345) which means its harder for the carriers to track bad
             | behavior across their network. There is an initial cost
             | (fairly high) to acquiring a short code, though you can
             | also share short codes across customers in some cases.
             | Acquiring a single short code and sending all messages from
             | that short code would likely reduce costs.
             | 
             | I would love to see more detail from Signal about what sort
             | of SMS interconnection they are using, because directly
             | connecting with an aggregator instead of a SaaS offering
             | (if they haven't already) could save a lot of money, and
             | they are definitely at the scale that would allow for it.
             | And given that they only use it for account verification
             | and are a non-profit, it seems likely they could get a good
             | deal since the risk of TCPA violations is effectively zero.
        
               | dexwiz wrote:
               | Yeah, aggregator is a very industry specific term, so I
               | just merged into teclo provider. But yeah, all the issues
               | with short codes, national laws, and reputation, makes it
               | very complex. I worked at a company like Twillio that had
               | contracts with different aggregators across the world,
               | and sold a platform to manage SMS interactions. They
               | added a layer to make ensure customers respected opt-out
               | keywords, or opt-in for specific countries, so it would
               | help manage TCPA (and other) violations. I imagine this
               | helped keep costs down. We would definitely fire
               | customers for trying to get around the safeguards.
               | 
               | I was on the support side, so I just saw when it went
               | wrong, which was a lot.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > Additionally, Twilio does not purchase short codes (ie
               | 12345) which means its harder for the carriers to track
               | bad behavior across their network. There is an initial
               | cost (fairly high) to acquiring a short code, though you
               | can also share short codes across customers in some
               | cases. Acquiring a single short code and sending all
               | messages from that short code would likely reduce costs.
               | 
               | Twilio offers short codes, but short codes are country
               | specific, and the costs for sending to the US are low
               | anyway < ~ $0.01/message for most services, lower with
               | volume; IIRC, short code messaging costs were half, but
               | then you've got some overseas destinations where it's
               | $0.10/message and that's real money.
        
         | RunSet wrote:
         | I did my part to help reduce costs by switching to the
         | decentralized alternative, Session.[0]
         | 
         | Bonus: Session does not demand users' phone number. Also no
         | bundled cryptocurrency.[1]
         | 
         | [0] https://getsession.org/
         | 
         | [1] https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/signal.html
        
           | bsilvereagle wrote:
           | > Also no bundled cryptocurrency.[1]
           | 
           | It seems like Session relies on Oxen's network, so while
           | there is no inherent coin it is blockchain backed.
           | 
           | > Session's onion routing system, known as onion requests,
           | uses Oxen's network of Oxen Service Nodes, which also power
           | the $OXEN cryptocurrency. Check out Oxen.io to find more
           | information on the tech behind Session's onion routing.
           | 
           | https://getsession.org/faq#onion-routing
        
           | pluto_modadic wrote:
           | Session depends on the Loki blockchain, so I dispute point 1.
        
             | RunSet wrote:
             | I don't consider Session to "bundle" the Loki blockchain or
             | the Oxen network in any sense.
             | 
             | Here is more information about what I meant when I used the
             | term "bundled".
             | 
             | https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4240/bundled-software
        
           | xkcd-sucks wrote:
           | Cool, glad to hear about this - However, it is still
           | _coupled_ to a cryptocurrency (https://oxen.io/) even if not
           | bundled wechat-style
        
           | itstaipan wrote:
           | I think simpleX[0] is a better choice at this point with all
           | the recent issues around oxen: not coupled to any crypto, no
           | user ids, can host your own servers if need be, etc
           | 
           | [0] https://simplex.chat/
        
           | TacticalCoder wrote:
           | And as a bonus Session has the best line ever: _" Send
           | (encrypted) Messages, not metadata"_.
           | 
           | They've given Signal quite the fork.
        
         | jawns wrote:
         | Phone numbers have become the de facto version of "Internet
         | stamps" for identity verification.
         | 
         | They are near-ubiquitous on a per-user level, but hard to
         | accumulate without significant cost. (Unlike email addresses.)
         | 
         | But the down side is that phone verification tends to be on a
         | per-service level. So, for instance, Signal incurs these costs
         | when they verify their users, and every other service incurs
         | these same costs when they verify _their_ users.
         | 
         | There are a number of businesses out there that are trying to
         | act as clearinghouses, where they verify the users once, then
         | allow the users' verified profiles to be confirmed by multiple
         | services.
         | 
         | I wonder if any of those could be used to reduce these
         | "registration" costs.
        
           | supriyo-biswas wrote:
           | Phone number verification is used to verify the user's
           | registration intent, so not really.
        
             | explaininjs wrote:
             | A Flow:
             | 
             | > Service A => User: Please Enter Your Phone Number and
             | Email
             | 
             | > Service A => Clearinghouse: Please verify phone number
             | XXX wants to sign up for an account with us
             | 
             | > Clearinghouse => User (SMS): Please respond with the
             | Email you used at signup to confirm you want an account
             | with Service A
             | 
             | Later...
             | 
             | > Service B => User: Please Enter Your phone number and
             | Email
             | 
             | > Service B => Clearinghouse: Please verify phone number
             | XXX wants to sign up for an account with us
             | 
             | > Clearinghouse => User (Email): Please verify you want an
             | account with Service B
             | 
             | Not saying it's great (providing email twice is annoying),
             | but it's something.
        
               | rezonant wrote:
               | This does not reduce the overall cost, it just shifts it
               | to the clearinghouse. Who pays the clearinghouse so that
               | they can cover their own exorbitant SMS costs?
        
               | explaininjs wrote:
               | You miss the crux of it: the second time onward the
               | clearing houses uses email to authenticate the
               | previously-SMS-verified account.
        
               | supriyo-biswas wrote:
               | The clearinghouse may not have the user's most recent
               | email address, which is common amongst non-tech people.
               | My mom and aunts have lost many email addresses this way
               | and forcing them to use an older email would cause many
               | issues.
        
               | explaininjs wrote:
               | The app has to ask for email/phone to begin with (see
               | step 1), if the email doesn't match then phone would be
               | used as fallback, or potentially as a "Didn't Receive
               | Code?" gesture.
        
             | Aachen wrote:
             | "Sign in with $Clearinghouse" could bring you to a page
             | that prompts whether you want to share a user ID or the
             | phone number, as required, with that service.
             | 
             | The clearing house verifies you only once, or once a year,
             | instead of every time. If the clearing house were to be a
             | nonprofit, perhaps even set up by Signal themselves to
             | spread costs with similar services, that has to be cheaper.
             | 
             | It also gives users confidence that only a randomized user
             | ID was shared, so it won't be used for cross-service
             | correlation and tracking, if the service didn't actually
             | need your phone number but only some identifier.
        
           | beefee wrote:
           | A service that requires a telephone number simply shouldn't
           | be called an Internet service. It can't be used purely over
           | the Internet.
           | 
           | Telephone numbers are fundamentally incompatible with
           | privacy. Signal's leadership knows this, but they don't
           | appear to care.
        
         | supriyo-biswas wrote:
         | > we can rent server infrastructure from a variety of providers
         | like Amazon AWS, Google Compute Engine, Microsoft Azure
         | 
         | Moving off cloud services to lower-cost provider like Hetzner,
         | Vultr and DigitalOcean might provide a lot of cost savings.
         | 
         | I also imagine they're using managed SMS services from one of
         | these clouds, and moving off them to a combination of local SMS
         | gateways in each country can also further reduce costs (and in
         | one case I've personally observed, by upto two orders of
         | magnitude). This obviously pushes a lot of complexity on
         | Signal's side, but is usually worth it.
        
           | slaw wrote:
           | Any idea what prevents Signal from using cheaper
           | alternatives?
           | 
           | Edit: I meant moving off cloud to Hetzner, Vultr,
           | DigitalOcean.
        
             | supriyo-biswas wrote:
             | As I understand it, you have to often use multiple gateways
             | based on which one is cheaper and can deliver your message
             | to the recipient, and also take care of handling retries in
             | case one gateway fails. This is not something you typically
             | want to handle if you're not aware of it, and the process
             | of having to talk to each vendor and figure out their
             | limitations is tedious.
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | There's a lower bound on what these services can charge in
             | the form of interconenction fees charged by the mobile
             | service providers delivering the messages.
             | 
             | In the US, that's effectively zero due to the US phone
             | infrastructure largely using a shared-cost model, but in
             | most other countries which use "sender pays", these fees
             | can be significant.
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | In business, you get what you pay for. Cheaper hosting
             | might raise more issues that need to by handled by your
             | employees, who also are expensive, and also the
             | organization's focus gets disrupted. The hosting company /
             | cloud vendor has an enormous economic advantage, with
             | access to the entire hardware and software stack, the
             | engineers who built it, people whose full-time job is
             | operating it. Often it's cheaper to pay more for better.
             | 
             | As I have to explain about open source, 'Free is only free
             | if your time is worth nothing.' (And I use a lot of FOSS,
             | it just not always the solution.)
        
             | hotnfresh wrote:
             | DO, at least, has bad peering agreements that _will_ cause
             | you noticeable, unfixable (if you stay on DO...) persistent
             | problems at large enough scale.
        
           | ocrow wrote:
           | So ... hire staff to manage that complexity?
        
             | j45 wrote:
             | Might not be cheaper at scale and truly globally.
             | 
             | The loaded costs should have the numbers run.
             | 
             | It would be a fascination under the covers look with
             | signal.
        
             | wombarly wrote:
             | They probably already have that staff for GCP, Azure, AWS?
        
         | munk-a wrote:
         | SMS rates are absolutely bonkers considering the technical way
         | they're transmitted. The US is an outlier in SMS rates actually
         | being reasonable (usually unlimited or close to) for consumers
         | - but for the rest of the world the insane mark up on that
         | communication method has mostly obsoleted it...
         | 
         | That'd be all well and good... the technology would die
         | naturally, but all my American relatives continue to stubbornly
         | use iMessage.
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | > for the rest of the world the insane mark up on that
           | communication method has mostly obsoleted it...
           | 
           | For P2P communication. SMS is alive and well for B2C
           | messaging, most importantly for 2FA OTP delivery, but also as
           | a first line of defense against spam/bot account creation.
           | 
           | It's not a good solution to either problem, but it's slightly
           | better than nothing (which apparently makes it good enough
           | for many), so I suspect we're stuck with it for now.
           | 
           | > That'd be all well and good... the technology would die
           | naturally, but all my American relatives continue to
           | stubbornly use iMessage.
           | 
           | iMessage is not SMS, though. It just uses phone numbers as
           | identifiers, but so do many other popular over-the-top
           | messengers, including the most popular one globally.
        
             | munk-a wrote:
             | To clarify - iMessage does not use SMS if you're going from
             | Apple to Apple device and both devices have data/wifi
             | available. iMessage refuses to support messaging to Android
             | clients and defaults to SMS for these messages.
             | 
             | I've got an Android phone so all iMessage transmissions
             | come across as SMS (or MMS).
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | Ah, I see what you mean. That's not what I'd call
               | iMessage though, that's just SMS:
               | 
               | The iOS application is called "Messages"; iMessage is the
               | over-the-top Apple-exclusive messaging service.
        
               | cmiles74 wrote:
               | Messages inflexible reliance on SMS for communication to
               | non-Apple devices is definitely an Apple issue, in my
               | opinion. Apple has made it clear that they continue to
               | default to SMS for non-iPhone communication solely
               | because it's unpleasant for everyone involved.
        
               | munk-a wrote:
               | There's apparently even "green bubble bullying"[1] of
               | kids who have Android devices and thus have their
               | messages appear different. In this particular way Apple
               | is happy compromising the mental health of young people
               | to secure a larger market share - it's awful and they
               | deserve a lot more negative PR for it.
               | 
               | 1. https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-apples-imessage-is-
               | winning-...
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _apparently even "green bubble bullying"[1] of kids who
               | have Android devices and thus have their messages appear
               | different_
               | 
               | Bullies will bully. Targeting the articles of bullying
               | versus the source is fruitless; the former is unlimited.
        
               | AYBABTME wrote:
               | > Apple is happy compromising the mental health of young
               | people
               | 
               | Dramatic exaggeration and attribution of evil intent is
               | counterproductive and disingenuous.
        
               | miki123211 wrote:
               | On the other hand, I have saved many a dollar by
               | instantly knowing that I just sent a legacy text to
               | somebody I normally iMessage with.
               | 
               | My carrier charges an arm and a leg for international
               | texting, and if distinguishing between texts and
               | iMessages wasn't as easy as it is, I would probably have
               | to pay hundreds in carrier bills at least once.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | > In this particular way Apple is happy compromising the
               | mental health of young people to secure a larger market
               | share
               | 
               | Should we also force luxury brands to offer stipends so
               | that teenagers whose parents can't afford them (or simply
               | don't want to participate in that nonsense) don't feel
               | stigmatized?
               | 
               | It would be a completely different story if Apple were to
               | ban third-party messaging apps on their platform, but as
               | restrictive as they are in other areas, they aren't doing
               | that.
               | 
               | It literally only takes a free app download to get a
               | cross-platform messaging experience at least on par with
               | iMessage (and in my personal view superior in many
               | regards).
        
               | asoneth wrote:
               | Agreed.
               | 
               | It reminds me of the "Blue eyes/Brown eyes" exercise
               | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Elliott) so let's say
               | this was a real psychology experiment. Middle-schoolers
               | and high-schoolers are encouraged to communicate via a
               | chat application with rich multimedia functionality. But
               | any conversation that includes even a single individual
               | who belongs to an arbitrarily-defined "out-group" has its
               | functionality degraded and the application highlights who
               | the out-group member(s) are. After a year you compare the
               | mental, social, physical, and academic well-being of both
               | groups. Would your university's IRB approve such an
               | experiment?
               | 
               | I initially gave Apple the benefit of the doubt that this
               | was simply a technical limitation. And of course kids
               | will always bully each other about _something_. But at
               | this point it does indeed seem like a billion-dollar
               | company is intentionally amplifying and leveraging this
               | sort of bullying to drive marketshare. If you don 't find
               | this immoral then I'm not sure what to say.
        
               | oarsinsync wrote:
               | What does the default Android messaging app do?
        
               | rezonant wrote:
               | Google Messages, which is fast becoming the default
               | Android messaging app across Android OEMs uses RCS when
               | both participants support it and falls back to SMS when
               | that is not the case.
               | 
               | RCS is an open standard that any carrier/OS/messaging app
               | can support, unlike iMessage, which is exclusive to
               | iPhones.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | That's exactly RCSs biggest problem: It requires active
               | carrier support. (As far as I understand, Google runs the
               | infrastructure for many international carriers at this
               | point, but they still need to opt into that.)
               | 
               | Using my phone number as an identifier and authentication
               | factor for so many things these days is bad enough; I
               | really don't want the messaging layer itself to touch my
               | phone provider at all.
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | RCS-the-open-standard is not end to end encrypted.
        
               | cmiles74 wrote:
               | Android's messaging app does much the same thing.
               | 
               | My preference would be that Apple drop SMS support from
               | Messages all-together and market it as an iOS only
               | communication method. People with iPhones would then have
               | to pick some alternative, perhaps they would use Signal
               | or perhaps something else.
               | 
               | I already have to install a handful of applications to
               | talk to all of my friends and co-workers, at least I
               | wouldn't have to continue to use SMS.
        
               | JLCarveth wrote:
               | https://www.android.com/get-the-message/
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | RCS is Google's idea of a solution - a company not
               | exactly widely known for their excellence in all things
               | instant messaging.
        
               | JLCarveth wrote:
               | Do you have a source that it was started by Google? From
               | looking around, they support its development but it was
               | an industry initiative, and Samsung was one of the first
               | OEMs to support it.
        
               | cmiles74 wrote:
               | My phone runs Android, I'm pretty much forced to use SMS
               | in order to communicate with anyone who uses an iPhone
               | and that's most of my family. While it can be argued that
               | iMessage provides a good enough experience on an iPhone
               | for most people, I have wondered if they are the one
               | thing keeping SMS alive.
        
               | rezonant wrote:
               | > I have wondered if they are the one thing keeping SMS
               | alive.
               | 
               | Absolutely they are. Most of my friends and family are
               | Pixel users and we all communicate using RCS. If Apple
               | would just support the modern replacement for SMS (which
               | includes end to end encryption), iPhone users would be
               | much safer and would have a better experience.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | I really dislike iMessage, but somehow Google has managed
               | to deliver an even worse alternative with RCS:
               | 
               | It apparently just doesn't work with dual-SIM phones,
               | requires a phone number and an active plan with a
               | supported operator (at least iMessage lets me use an
               | email address!), the multi-device story is non-existent,
               | to just name a few.
        
             | FalconSensei wrote:
             | > For P2P communication. SMS is alive and well for B2C
             | messaging, most importantly for 2FA OTP delivery, but also
             | as a first line of defense against spam/bot account
             | creation.
             | 
             | In Brazil, businesses use Whatsapp to communicate with
             | consumers. You order pizza and book doctor appointments
             | over whatsapp
        
           | kurthr wrote:
           | I think I understand your comment, since iMessage isn't SMS,
           | but defaults to SMS for those not using it.
           | 
           | There are opensource self hosted solutions like BlueBubble
           | that allow reasonably secure communication through iMessage
           | to the other chat platforms on desktop/Android etc. I have
           | zero affiliation, but I know others who happily use it. There
           | are also less secure and paid solutions I can't speak to.
           | 
           | https://bluebubbles.app/faq/
        
           | aalimov_ wrote:
           | > stubbornly use iMessange.
           | 
           | Personally, I prefer it over downloading yet another client,
           | dealing with additional credentials, wondering about who can
           | access my messages, and so on and so forth...
           | 
           | And all that just to message the handful of people that I
           | know who use <popular in other country third party app>.
        
             | itslennysfault wrote:
             | If only someone would release a universal protocol that the
             | app's native messaging apps could utilize to eliminate the
             | need for these 3rd party messaging apps. Oh, right, it's
             | called RCS and Apple refuses to support it.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _only someone would release a universal protocol_
               | 
               | Nobody wants this. Universal access means universal
               | access for spammers. iMessage won over SMS because of
               | cost and spam filtering.
        
               | ParetoOptimal wrote:
               | > Nobody wants this.
               | 
               | Not nobody.
               | 
               | > iMessage won over SMS because of cost and spam
               | filtering.
               | 
               | Really? I've never used imessage.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Not nobody_
               | 
               | Within the scope of messaging network effects, nobody.
               | 
               | > _Really?_
               | 
               | Yes. iMessage spam is rare and stamped out fast. Open
               | protocols tend to have spam problems the moment they
               | begin scaling.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | RCS is anything but universal. It requires the explicit
               | cooperation of mobile phone providers, which makes it a
               | non-solution in many scenarios - including usage on any
               | device that happens to not be a phone.
               | 
               | RCS is exactly what it says on the box: A modern
               | successor to SMS. That does not make it a good modern
               | instant messenger.
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | > Oh, right, it's called RCS and Apple refuses to support
               | it.
               | 
               | No one wants to support it. Even telecoms don't want to
               | support it.
        
               | DANmode wrote:
               | Telecoms don't even want to roll out all of the
               | infrastructure they get paid by the government to, I
               | don't know that their willingness to do anything is a
               | point I'd try to stand firmly on.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | Exactly, so how on earth does Google think that it is a
               | good idea to put them in charge of running the
               | infrastructure powering the future of instant messaging?
               | 
               | Any chance at all it has something to do with the fact
               | that they've acquired an RCS infrastructure provider that
               | they can sell to telcos?
               | 
               | https://jibe.google.com/
        
               | error503 wrote:
               | _Someone_ has to run it. Logically, the obvious party to
               | do so the carrier providing network access to the device,
               | which also has a recurring billing relationship with the
               | user from which to recoup its costs, and that the user
               | knows to contact when they have issues. As a standard
               | ostensibly replacing SMS, and coming out of the GSMA, it
               | 's also pretty obvious it'd be biased toward a carrier-
               | centric solution.
               | 
               | There are a couple other options of course, but I am not
               | sure they are better:
               | 
               | * Fully federate this, a la Matrix or XMPP. I really wish
               | this was a practical option, but without legislation I
               | doubt any company wants to go willingly in this
               | direction. Even if they did, it'd be difficult to contain
               | spam at scale. It also creates 'first contact' issues;
               | love it or hate it, the general public seem attached to
               | the idea of phone numbers and it seems to work relatively
               | well and unambiguously. It is also the most technically
               | complicated and most brittle and unpredictable for users.
               | 
               | * Phone / OS maker operates it for their devices. You
               | don't seem to want Google running things, so this seems
               | markedly worse than what they have actually done which is
               | give you options (most people can at least choose a
               | carrier, and carriers can choose implementations). It's
               | unclear how operating costs are recouped here, especially
               | for low-end devices. Does this lead to feature
               | stratification? I hope not, but probably. It's a global
               | single point of failure, both from a technical point of
               | view as well as a policy/jurisdiction one (can $country
               | LE subpoena my records because the company operating the
               | service is ${country}an - or perhaps merely operates in
               | $country, for example?). Also unclear how users are
               | 'found', but maybe it's a bit easier than in a fully
               | federated system.
               | 
               | * Phone / OS maker partners operate the service, giving
               | users a few choices. Not really sure why anyone would go
               | in for this, but it's basically the same as if the phone
               | maker operates it.
               | 
               | None of these are great options, but I think the carrier
               | is probably the least-bad one. You have an agreement with
               | them. You have the legal protections offered in your home
               | jurisdiction, with clear jurisdiction over the whole
               | thing. They already have a ton of data on you and access
               | to your traffic. You have a neck to wring if the service
               | doesn't work properly.
               | 
               | They really should have standardized E2EE though, not
               | including it is ridiculous.
        
               | Analemma_ wrote:
               | Literally nobody wants RCS except Google and a handful of
               | HN commenters. It's so unwanted that Google had to scrap
               | their original plan of making the carriers host the
               | infrastructure and do it themselves, because the carriers
               | didn't give a shit.
               | 
               | (And even Google doesn't _really_ have any love for RCS,
               | they crawled back to it as a fallback plan with their
               | tail between their legs when their own proprietary lock-
               | in messaging apps didn't work out. Which makes their
               | attempts to shame Apple into adopting it pretty
               | hilariously disingenuous.)
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | > with their tail between their legs when their own
               | proprietary lock-in messaging apps didn't work out
               | 
               | For what it's worth, they've worked tirelessly to ensure
               | their failure.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > It's so unwanted that Google had to scrap their
               | original plan of making the carriers host the
               | infrastructure and do it themselves, because the carriers
               | didn't give a shit.
               | 
               | To be fair, that wasn't Google's plan, that was the
               | GSMA's plan. GSMA created the RCS spec, failed to get
               | more than a handful of their members to use it, and kind
               | of abandoned it to the wolves. For reasons I don't quite
               | understand, Google decided it'd be a good idea to take it
               | up, and then push it harder than any of their previous
               | messaging services; but it's not like they came up with
               | it.
        
               | aalimov_ wrote:
               | I see that you feel strongly about RCS, but as far as I
               | know even some of the bigger US carriers dont support the
               | universal profile on all the Android devices they offer.
               | So maybe you'll get your wish some point after carriers
               | align on RCS.
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | RCS the "universal protocol" is not end to end encrypted.
               | 
               | Google has made some proprietary extensions to RCS to
               | support end to end encryption but this is not the same
               | thing.
        
               | Cody-99 wrote:
               | Apple announced today they are going to support RCS
               | https://9to5mac.com/2023/11/16/apple-rcs-coming-to-
               | iphone/
               | 
               | RCS is better than SMS no doubt but lets not pretend it
               | is on the same level as iMessage. Lack of end to end
               | encryption alone makes RCS a dated standard
        
               | morvita wrote:
               | Good news, Apple just announced they'll start supporting
               | RCS next year.
               | 
               | https://www.techradar.com/phones/iphone/breaking-apple-
               | will-...
        
           | renonce wrote:
           | For the purpose of 2FA and account registration let's view it
           | as a tax for fraud prevention, where the real value in SMS is
           | in verifying someone's identity rather than transmitting
           | messages
        
             | peanut-walrus wrote:
             | If SMS actually worked for this purpose, it would be
             | acceptable. However, SMS provides no guarantees about: 1)
             | If it actually gets delivered 2) If it is delivered to the
             | intended recipient 3) 1 and 2 without anyone reading or
             | tampering the message while in transit
             | 
             | Now, even if stars align, your SMS ends up on a route where
             | nobody is mitm-ing or hijacking it, the telco systems work
             | and it gets delivered, it is STILL not a guarantee of
             | identity. It simply verifies that you have somehow got
             | access to a particular phone number.
        
           | fmajid wrote:
           | Just because consumers get unlimited SMS doesn't mean
           | businesses get that. The telcos are ruthless about extracting
           | their pound of flesh at business rates.
        
         | tofuahdude wrote:
         | Why is it that SMS is so damn expensive? (or more specifically,
         | what is it about Twilio et al's businesses that makes them cost
         | so much?)
        
           | j45 wrote:
           | Nothing just profit and existing system access costs set by
           | the incumbents.
        
           | sonicanatidae wrote:
           | In the US, shafting customers as hard and fast as you can is
           | the current business model. What are they going to do? Move
           | to 1 or 2 remaining competitors with the exact same business
           | model?
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | When you control access to the customer you can charge people
           | a lot. Just like Apple can take 30% primarily because they're
           | the gatekeeper to iPhone users, telecoms are gatekeepers to
           | their users so they can charge you a lot to text them. You
           | don't really have a choice. L
        
         | myself248 wrote:
         | What's it cost to be an SS7 peer for a year? Could they spin up
         | their own "phone company" for the purpose of delivering SMS
         | verification and nothing else, cheaper than they're paying
         | someone else's markup?
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | What's expensive isn't (just) the technical infrastructure,
           | it's termination/interconnection fees charged by the
           | destination mobile networks.
        
             | myself248 wrote:
             | Huh, I knew those existed for voice calls, didn't realize
             | they applied to SMS too. Makes sense, though.
        
         | bloggie wrote:
         | Funny, because that's the reason I can't use Signal - I don't
         | have a phone number.
        
           | barbazoo wrote:
           | In case one isn't aware, you can get a $1/month throwaway
           | phone number from Twilio for that purpose.
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | That's a neat workaround for the people that can figure
             | that out, but doesn't change the underlying problem for the
             | majority of users at all.
        
               | alternatex wrote:
               | Majority of users don't have phone numbers?
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | I'm referring to the majority of users not having (or
               | wanting to use) phone numbers.
               | 
               | Some of these will be willing and able to pay $1/month to
               | Twilio for a workaround, but most probably won't.
        
             | bonton89 wrote:
             | Aren't these VoIP? Almost every service blocks VoIP numbers
             | for sign ups these days, but perhaps Signal is an
             | exception.
        
               | barbazoo wrote:
               | They work with Signal, Facebook, etc. Sometimes you have
               | to try another one to get it to work.
        
         | pierat wrote:
         | Sounds like a great case to get the fuck away from SMS and
         | phone numbers.
         | 
         | But hey, they still want your whole address book, and announce
         | you're on signal to everyone else on signal.
         | 
         | The whole "secure" thing is a joke. Its all linked to your
         | identity via your phone#.
        
           | alternatex wrote:
           | They want the address book because if you don't have
           | engagement promotion features like that, there is no way to
           | ever become remotely popular in the chat app space.
           | 
           | Why is the security a joke? The data is e2e encrypted, and
           | isn't related to a phone number in any way after
           | registration. Do you know of a better way of combining
           | privacy and anti-abuse measures? If you don't offload
           | identity checks to telecom providers during registration some
           | bad actor will immediately create a million accounts and send
           | millions of spam messages and destroy the slim chance of this
           | type of app to exist for free.
        
             | pierat wrote:
             | > They want the address book because if you don't have
             | engagement promotion features like that, there is no way to
             | ever become remotely popular in the chat app space.
             | 
             | Intentionally ignoring the fact that Signal splatters your
             | phone number to everyone else is a humongous problem. And
             | you can even put your phone number block in your address
             | book, and it'll tell you everyone who has Signal. This
             | happens all the time, with Signal servers leaking all of
             | this metadata.
             | 
             | And doing "engagement promotion" is what companies do to
             | sell more shit. So, exactly what are they "selling"?
             | 
             | >Why is the security a joke?
             | 
             | Metadata, pertaining to communication patters and to whom
             | matters just as much as what's being said.
             | 
             | And that metadata, like "your phone number" and "contact's
             | phone number", and "when data is being sent to/from" is
             | that metadata.
             | 
             | > The data is e2e encrypted,
             | 
             | > and isn't related to a phone number in any way after
             | registration.
             | 
             | Bullshit. I see new people hopping on signal fairly
             | regularly. If that was true, it'd be a simple verify-once-
             | and-delete. It aint.
             | 
             | > Do you know of a better way of combining privacy and
             | anti-abuse measures?
             | 
             | I reject your claim of "privacy", with regards to metadata.
             | 
             | Secondly, Tox has an alternate way to handle this, by
             | allowing any number of accounts not tied to anything. Sure,
             | it's a SHA256 id, but who cares. There, its secure AND
             | anonymous.
             | 
             | Basically, I look at Signal as "better than SMS, but not
             | much". It's basically a way to keep the phone company from
             | scanning messages.
        
           | NoGravitas wrote:
           | Signal actually jumps through quite a few hoops in order to
           | let you and your contacts are on Signal _without_ Signal
           | actually having access to a copy of your whole address book.
           | It 's even mentioned in TFA.
           | 
           | I do agree about being linked to your phone number - doing it
           | that way means not considering a lot of people's valid threat
           | models. They are working on moving to usernames, though. It's
           | in beta now.
        
             | progval wrote:
             | > Signal actually jumps through quite a few hoops in order
             | to let you and your contacts are on Signal without Signal
             | actually having access to a copy of your whole address
             | book. It's even mentioned in TFA.
             | 
             | It doesn't say how it works. If Alice's phone can tell
             | whether her contact Bob uses Signal without Alice and Bob
             | doing any sort of a priori cryptographic exchange, why
             | couldn't Signal itself do whatever Alice's phone is doing?
        
           | Ar-Curunir wrote:
           | Signal doesn't learn your contact list. See
           | https://signal.org/blog/private-contact-discovery/ and
           | https://signal.org/blog/building-faster-oram/
        
         | renonce wrote:
         | Just wondering, are they relying on these big name cloud
         | providers (AWS/Azure/GCP), known for predative traffic and
         | storage pricing? Have they considered cheaper providers such as
         | Backblaze B2 for storage and Hetzner/OVH for servers? The fees
         | for storage, server and bandwidth could be cut by 80% if they
         | did that.
        
         | macNchz wrote:
         | Out of interest, their top vendor costs on their 2021 form 990:
         | 
         | $7m Twilio
         | 
         | $4m Microsoft
         | 
         | $3m AWS
         | 
         | $1.3m Google
         | 
         | https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/824...
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | Signal agrees: (from the article:)
         | 
         |  _... legacy telecom operators have realized that SMS messages
         | are now used primarily for app registration and two-factor
         | authentication in many places, as people switch to calling and
         | texting services that rely on network data. In response to
         | increased verification traffic from apps like Signal, and
         | decreased SMS revenue from their own customers, these service
         | providers have significantly raised their SMS rates in many
         | locations, assuming (correctly) that tech companies will have
         | to pay anyway._
         | 
         | ...
         | 
         |  _These costs vary dramatically from month to month, and the
         | rates that we pay are sometimes inflated due to "toll fraud"--a
         | practice where some network operators split revenue with
         | fraudulent actors to drive increased volumes of SMS and calling
         | traffic on their network. The telephony providers that apps
         | like Signal rely on to send verification codes during the
         | registration process still charge their own customers for this
         | make-believe traffic, which can increase registration costs in
         | ways that are often unpredictable._
        
           | sowbug wrote:
           | SMS has become a kind of real-world PoW (proof of work)
           | mechanism. A phone number typically has a recurring fee to
           | keep it working. So a live number indicates that someone is
           | spending money (a proxy for effort) to maintain it.*
           | 
           | It still seems like a lot of money to spend on simple, old
           | technology, but from the PoW perspective, making it cheaper
           | would defeat its purpose.
           | 
           | *Which is why many sites reject Google Voice numbers, for
           | example, for SMS verification.
        
         | chefandy wrote:
         | I wish their justification for dropping SMS capability from
         | their Android app to move away from phone numbers was a little
         | more transparent about the obvious cost aspect rather than
         | solely sticking to the patronizing "we're saving insecure
         | messaging users from themselves" messaging they had. I found it
         | pretty obnoxious. I think people generally get "valuable
         | nonprofit + huge expense = not-sustainable = bad."
        
           | rstuart4133 wrote:
           | > their justification for dropping SMS capability from their
           | Android app ... was a little more transparent about the
           | obvious cost aspect
           | 
           | I'm not following. Signal gets stung for the registration SMS
           | costs because they send the SMS to the user. They don't pay
           | when one user sends an SMS to another user. If you send an
           | SMS, you're the one who pays.
           | 
           | (I didn't realise they were moving away from phone numbers.
           | Don't they they stay mandatory when PNP comes along?)
        
         | mhh__ wrote:
         | I wonder if you could do something clever such that you can
         | have people volunteer their SIM for sending 2FA?
        
         | jjav wrote:
         | > Signal pays more for delivering verification SMS during sign-
         | up, than for all other infrastructure (except traffic)
         | combined. Wow, that sounds excessive.
         | 
         | Particularly when the phone requirement is the biggest weakness
         | in Signal.
         | 
         | Getting rid of it will make it substantially cheaper to operate
         | and much more private. Win-win.
        
       | knoxa2511 wrote:
       | All things considered. Pretty impressive how cheap it is to run
       | given the adoption of the Signal.
        
         | j45 wrote:
         | Second time around benefits too, and the guest time was pretty
         | efficient in WhatsApp too.
        
       | craftkiller wrote:
       | Back in the day Signal was called TextSecure and it did
       | everything over SMS which required no centralized infrastructure
       | aside from the cellular networks. They transitioned to internet-
       | based messaging to support Apple devices. It seems that decision
       | is now a 50 million dollar per year step backwards.
        
         | lovvtide wrote:
         | TextSecure! Wow this took me back to 2011.
        
         | jadyoyster wrote:
         | SMS would be a complete non-starter in Europe. Many (no?)
         | countries lack unlimited texting plans.
        
           | BlueTemplar wrote:
           | Wait, still ?? Which countries ?
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | It's not a step backwards for me. Our organization uses signal
         | in many situations where SMS isn't an option. When I land in a
         | new country it is normal for my cell/SMS not to work. But I can
         | hop on some local wifi and get signal messages. We had a
         | widespread cell outage in my area last year. Signal not being
         | on cell/SMS meant that I could still communicate with family
         | without need of cell towers. This is a big step forwards imho.
        
           | nicolaslem wrote:
           | > When I land in a new country it is normal for my cell/SMS
           | not to work. But I can hop on some local wifi and get signal
           | messages.
           | 
           | WiFi calling is a standard feature that does exactly what you
           | describe for texts and calls, without using a third-party. I
           | have cell connectivity turned off constantly on my phone and
           | yet receive texts and calls via WiFi.
           | 
           | It is actually an awesome feature for receiving 2FA SMS at my
           | parent's place where there is great internet but poor cell
           | coverage.
        
             | abadpoli wrote:
             | WiFi calling isn't always free internationally though, it
             | often gets charged according to your phone plan's
             | international rates, which is discouraging for many people.
             | Signal, on the other hand, just sees WiFi as WiFi.
        
         | syspec wrote:
         | If you check their costs, SMS (used for registration) is the
         | most expensive part of their operation.
        
           | parker_mountain wrote:
           | You misunderstand how textsecure worked.
        
           | craftkiller wrote:
           | There was no "registration" and TextSecure never sent you
           | messages. It was strictly peer-to-peer.
        
             | sigmar wrote:
             | You're mistaken. I still have my textsecure account
             | registration verification text message (because I'm a data
             | hoarder) from March 15, 2015
        
               | craftkiller wrote:
               | 2015 was after the internet-based-messaging transition
               | but before the rename. Source:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TextSecure
        
         | Canada wrote:
         | Right, I totally hate being able to text, voice, video, send
         | files, and screen share with individuals or groups of people,
         | including half my contacts who use iPhone. Also, fuck them for
         | making all of it sync to all my computers. And I especially
         | hate the fact that I was not billed by telecom carriers for the
         | tens of thousands of messages I've sent and thousands of calls
         | I've made over it over the last 10 years.
         | 
         | Yes, indeed, how backwards. I wish I only used software that
         | spied on me, or permitted others to spy on me, for those
         | features.
        
       | Night_Thastus wrote:
       | I've loved Signal. It's been the only consistent way I've been
       | able to send and receive high-quality pictures and videos at all.
       | It's been the only way I've been reliably able to send _texts_
       | when I 'm in an area with poor reception, which is frequent.
       | 
       | The privacy is nice and it's been simple and easy to use.
       | 
       | I hope they stick around. Everyone likes to bash more privacy
       | oriented companies if they aren't absolutely 100% perfect in
       | every single way, but IMO perfect is the enemy of good and Signal
       | has been _very_ good.
       | 
       | The hardest part has been convincing people to use it, and if I
       | have to get people to jump to another one it'll all just fall
       | apart.
        
         | cloogshicer wrote:
         | I know it's unpopular to say this on here but Signal will never
         | be popular as long as they don't add basic features that all
         | other messaging apps have.
         | 
         | - If you lose your phone or it no longer boots, all your
         | messages are irretrievably lost. There's no way to create
         | backups on iOS. Why the hell can't I enable iCloud backups? I
         | know it breaks privacy in some ways but let me choose the trade
         | off. Put a giant warning if you have to.
         | 
         | - The desktop app is awful and requires signing in again all
         | the time. See the Telegram Desktop app for how to do it better.
         | In my opinion it should be the gold standard for desktop
         | messaging apps
         | 
         | - Desktop app keeps losing message history
         | 
         | As long as Signal treats _all_ messages as if they 're so
         | important that even super spies should not be able to read
         | them, and as a result, goofing usability in a way that standard
         | features don't work, I 100% understand that the majority of
         | people won't use it.
        
         | autoexec wrote:
         | > Everyone likes to bash more privacy oriented companies if
         | they aren't absolutely 100% perfect in every single way, but
         | IMO perfect is the enemy of good and Signal has been very good.
         | 
         | Signal has not been good. The absolute least we should expect
         | from any "privacy oriented company" is that they're honest and
         | fully transparent about the data they collect and store, and
         | Signal is none of that. Since they started collecting and
         | forever storing sensitive user data in the cloud they've
         | refused to update their privacy policy to alert people to that
         | data collection.
         | 
         | If you advertise your service to human rights activists,
         | journalists, and whistleblowers whose freedom and/or lives are
         | on the line you owe it to them to be extremely clear about what
         | their risks are by using your service, but Signal outright lies
         | to them in the very first line of their privacy policy.
         | 
         | This isn't "perfect being the enemy of good" this is either a
         | massive dead canary warning people not to use/trust Signal, or
         | it's completely immoral and irresponsible.
        
           | Night_Thastus wrote:
           | Every single time I've seen Signal asked for data in a court
           | case, they've basically handed back a unix timestamp of when
           | the account was created and said "that's all we have". Or it
           | was last access time, I could have misremembered.
           | 
           | Either way, that seems quite good to me.
        
             | autoexec wrote:
             | You're right, that's how it used to be. They still have
             | pages on their website bragging about times when they
             | didn't have anything to turn over because they didn't keep
             | any of it. A while ago that all changed. They started
             | collecting and forever storing in the cloud the exact data
             | those requests were asking for. Lists of everyone you've
             | been contacting, along with your profile data (name, phone
             | number, photo).
             | 
             | https://community.signalusers.org/t/proper-secure-value-
             | secu...
             | 
             | If you're a Signal user and this is the first time you're
             | hearing about this, that should tell you everything you
             | need to know about how trustworthy Signal is.
        
               | Night_Thastus wrote:
               | The technical info in that community form is a few
               | notches too technical, I work in a different knowledge
               | base.
               | 
               | If someone broke down what the timeline was, what new
               | info is being stored that wasn't before, how that is
               | known, and how Signal has responded, etc, then that would
               | be useful.
               | 
               | I'll admit it doesn't seem great. Phone number I
               | understand, but name and contacts are more concerning.
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | There's a good article on the topic here:
               | https://www.vice.com/en/article/pkyzek/signal-new-pin-
               | featur...
               | 
               | Note that the "solution" of disabling pins mentioned at
               | the end of the article was later shown to not prevent the
               | collection and storage of user data. It was just giving
               | users a false sense of security. To this day there is no
               | way to opt out of the data collection.
               | 
               | There's a lot more information about it in various
               | places, but Signal went out of their way to be as
               | confusing as possible in their communications so it
               | caused a lot of people to get the wrong idea (see for
               | example https://old.reddit.com/r/signal/comments/htmzrr/p
               | sa_disablin...)
               | 
               | The forums were in an uproar for months asking Signal to
               | not start collecting data or at least give people a means
               | to opt out. Here's a good thread with links to a bunch of
               | the conversations people were having at the time:
               | https://community.signalusers.org/t/mandatory-pin-is-
               | signal-...
        
       | jph wrote:
       | Signal can be better, IMHO, by separating from phone number
       | requirements. In other words, let users have secure random ids,
       | rather than forcing each user to hand over their phone number for
       | phone company verification.
       | 
       | It turns out the budget shows the phone number registration
       | problem: the costs to deal with phone number verification seem to
       | be $6MM, which seems to be 10% of the entire budget.
       | 
       | If Signal staff are reading this, I'd gladly pay $100/year for a
       | phone-free solution for all users.
        
         | minedwiz wrote:
         | You're in luck:
         | https://www.theverge.com/2023/11/9/23953603/signal-username-...
        
           | SahAssar wrote:
           | They will still require a phone number, it's just a alias.
        
             | crossroadsguy wrote:
             | I just hope they don't expose phone numbers if a
             | conversation was started on usernames and one or both
             | parties have phone numbers saved. I hope it is not this bad
             | - something Telegram does.
             | 
             | Also preferably clearing differentiating username and phone
             | number messages.
        
         | zitterbewegung wrote:
         | Focusing on app features is one thing but the bigger picture is
         | that Signal is at risk of not existing without capital... (just
         | donated $20 today and I wish I could buy stickers off of them).
        
         | foundart wrote:
         | How would it be better? Is there anything beyond not having to
         | provide a phone number?
         | 
         | How would it be worse?
        
         | zamalek wrote:
         | The phone number requirement is why WhatsApp won the space over
         | in the first place. There were loads of username+password-based
         | services before it, but none reached the market it did. Why? An
         | incredibly wide user funnel, singing up is frictionless.
         | 
         | You might understand that it's a bad idea, but that makes you
         | an outlier.
        
           | aquova wrote:
           | I don't really buy this argument. Is signing up with a phone
           | number really that much easier for the average user than
           | using a username/email account? Billions of people seemed to
           | have no problems making a Facebook or Google account.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | It's the building a social network part that's frictionless
             | not creating user name process that's frictionless.
        
               | aquova wrote:
               | The lack of a social network is why I settled on Signal.
               | Before using Signal I tried Telegram, which requires a
               | phone number and if they recognize your number in any of
               | their user's contact list (which many people seem happy
               | to allow access to), they'll send them a notification
               | telling them their contact has joined. I got a nasty
               | message within 10 minutes of making an account from a
               | woman accusing me of pretending to be her deceased
               | father. I had inherited his phone number a decade prior,
               | and it told her I had made an account. I was so shocked
               | they not only allowed, but encouraged such behavior that
               | I deleted it promptly and swore I'd never use it again.
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | Signal does the same thing. Or maybe it used to but they
               | changed it. I have a bunch of notifications of "so and so
               | is on Signal" from when I joined years ago.
               | 
               | Can't say I've ever gotten any psycho responses from it
               | though.
        
             | just_boost_it wrote:
             | With WhatsApp, your phone number allowed you to see
             | everyone in your contacts that you could message on there,
             | so you could see everyone straight away. Without that,
             | you'd have to bring your friends along and have them sign
             | up as well, then give you their username so you can
             | connect.
        
               | FalconSensei wrote:
               | Even Instagram allows you to search your contacts. If
               | they have their number set in their profiles, it'll find
               | a match
        
           | Aardwolf wrote:
           | Why not support both?
           | 
           | Let one communicate from a computer (or phone) with a
           | username+password account, with people who use the service
           | with phone number account.
           | 
           | This without the mechanism Whatsapp uses, where you can use
           | it in a web browser, but it's still linked to your phone.
        
             | brewdad wrote:
             | Signal has an app to use it with your computer. It's a one
             | time linkage through a QR code. As long as you connect with
             | the app at least once every 30 days, you never have to
             | worry about it and, unlike WhatsApp, your phone doesn't
             | have to be online for it to work.
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | Using phone numbers as identifiers (and by extension users'
           | phone books as a contact discovery mechanism) is probably at
           | least equally significant as a factor for WhatsApp's success.
        
           | j4yav wrote:
           | You could do both, no?
        
           | linuxdude314 wrote:
           | No, WhatsApp won because it successfully replicated and
           | replaced the SMS experience in the developing world, where
           | the cost of data was dirt cheap in comparison to the cost of
           | a single SMS message.
           | 
           | This is why it still has a stronghold as well...
        
             | dzikimarian wrote:
             | Experience on WhatsApp, Telegram or any other IM is vastly
             | better than SMS. Unless by SMS you mean iMessage - then
             | it's even simpler - most of the world doesn't use iPhones.
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | I think that's the gp's point.
               | 
               | Given the choice between SMS and a service that provides
               | the same functionality is free, superior in most ways,
               | borderless, etc. the choice to use whatsapp is obvious.
        
           | BobaFloutist wrote:
           | Requiring a phone number also seems like a decent way
           | increase friction for automated account creation - obviously
           | it _can_ be overcome, but it probably reduces automated
           | account creation by a few orders of magnitudes, which I would
           | imagine reduces the amount of botting /phishing/ban evasion,
           | which could all add up to be pretty expensive to an org.
        
           | irrational wrote:
           | What did WhatsApp win? I've never used it, so I'm not sure
           | what anyone uses it for.
        
             | FalconSensei wrote:
             | In South America it's the standard messaging everyone uses,
             | even businesses. No one uses SMS
        
               | just_boost_it wrote:
               | I'd say it's basically standard everywhere outside the
               | US. I lived in Canada and Europe, and eneryone is on it.
               | All my fellow immigrants in the US are all on WhatsApp
               | groups.
        
         | charcircuit wrote:
         | Phone verification does have value in adopting the network
         | effects of phone numbers and integrity by making it harder to
         | mass create accounts.
        
           | smt88 wrote:
           | Right, it's a way to create a cost barrier without anyone
           | giving Signal a credit card directly.
        
           | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
           | It would have very particular ethical trade-offs, but they
           | could just make signing up without a phone number a paid
           | option. That has the advantage of actually turning a cost
           | center into a profit center, at the distinct disadvantage of
           | creating a moral hazard by the exact same virtue.
        
         | cappax wrote:
         | That exists, and is called Threema
        
         | cl3misch wrote:
         | A bit handwavy, but allowing sign-up without a phone number
         | could massively increase bot/spam traffic and ultimately
         | increase hosting costs for Signal.
        
           | oconnore wrote:
           | The deal could just be: no phone number, but you have to pay
           | $x/year (I guess this doesn't work with 501c3?)
        
             | binary132 wrote:
             | I'd jump on that so fast.
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | Accepting these payments would not be trivial, and linking
             | them to Signal accounts would create a treasure trove of
             | metadata that neither Signal nor its users would likely be
             | very happy about.
        
           | AnthonyMouse wrote:
           | Just charge $10 to create an account without a phone number
           | and accept Bitcoin. Most people can avoid the $10 by
           | providing a phone number, privacy-conscious people only have
           | to pay $10, it generates revenue, and the $10 puts the
           | spammers out of business because they don't pay $10 once,
           | they pay $10 every time they get banned, which happens
           | multiple times a day.
           | 
           | You could even automate the bans by banning anyone who gets
           | blocked by more than two people they sent messages to, which
           | anybody can avoid by not sending messages to people who would
           | block them, and if it happens to someone innocent, it's still
           | only another $10 to reactivate your account.
        
         | jtriangle wrote:
         | Session.app solved this problem well
        
         | collaborative wrote:
         | Typical HN comment saying I will pay $ for xyz feature (which
         | everyone, including the poster, knows to be BS)
        
         | brewdad wrote:
         | I don't understand the concern. Signal has never been about
         | anonymity. If you need to be anonymous, use a different tool. I
         | like the fact that a phone number provides an additional
         | verification that the person I am chatting with is who they say
         | they are. As far as risk associated with having your phone
         | number leaked to bad actors, that ship sailed years ago. I
         | guarantee your number has been leaked a thousand other ways
         | starting with by your phone provider.
        
       | MuffinFlavored wrote:
       | If you really wanted to talk to somebody in a "non-decryptable"
       | fashion, could you set up like a channel that encrypts itself
       | with a ton of different encryption methods, keys, etc. (encrypted
       | payloads inside each other)
       | 
       | Signal encryption is its main feature (I think) and how easy it
       | makes it (abstracts handling key transfer and all that), I'm just
       | trying to think through... if I wanted nobody to read what I was
       | saying , would I use an app/target as popular as Signal or
       | something homegrown?
        
         | jedberg wrote:
         | You don't need multiple security protocols (and in fact that is
         | almost always a bad idea). You just need one good protocol and
         | a way to securely exchange the keys. What signal solved for the
         | most part is the secure key exchange.
         | 
         | If you want to talk to one person, you can give them a USB key
         | in person with a set of crypto keys and then use that to
         | encrypt your messages over any transit method and it will be
         | secure.
         | 
         | The hard part is the key exchange.
        
         | Buttons840 wrote:
         | It's a bit off topic, but I've wondered the same.
         | 
         | We could stack a hundred layers of encryption algorithms, and
         | if just one of them works, then the whole stack is secure.
        
           | jedberg wrote:
           | You could, but you'd be adding complexity to solve a mostly
           | non-existent problem. Security is rarely broken because the
           | algorithm itself is broken. It's usually because one end has
           | a key logger or other vulnerability. Or they are literally
           | storing the unencrypted text in an unencrypted data store
           | after reading it.
           | 
           | In the meantime, the added complexity adds new places for
           | errors.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | Yep, people who think about messaging security as a problem
             | of sending data from one computer to another are missing a
             | huge part of the attack surface. To fully understand the
             | entire problem set, we need to consider the entire pathway
             | from one human's brain to another.
        
         | sterlind wrote:
         | lots of drug traffickers went with something homegrown (Anom),
         | which turned out to be an FBI front. they'd have been a lot
         | safer sticking to Signal. and you can audit the Signal client's
         | source code, which is enough to verify its secrecy.
        
         | jonfw wrote:
         | I think the biggest risks for most people are going to be
         | around key management, social engineering, and exploitation of
         | terminal devices (i.e. if somebody has compromised your device
         | running signal and can observe the message before encryption or
         | after decryption).
         | 
         | More layers of encryption doesn't really solve those problems.
        
       | vjk800 wrote:
       | > Another $19 million a year or so out of Signal's budget pays
       | for its staff. Signal now employs about 50 people, a far larger
       | team than a few years ago.
       | 
       | What? I know silicon valley salaries are a thing, but absolutely
       | everywhere else in the world this would be insane. Maybe change
       | the headquarters to somewhere cheaper?
        
         | sky_rw wrote:
         | I keep re-reading this section of their blog post trying to
         | figure out what I'm missing here. $2.6 million full load per
         | employee on avg? Is this heavily weighted to a few executives?
         | Can somebody explain this to me?
         | 
         | Edit: I'm stupid and did the math backwards.
        
           | candiddevmike wrote:
           | Only thing I can think of is it incentives them not to put
           | backdoors into Signal/get fired.
        
           | jedberg wrote:
           | You mathed backwards. It's $380K per person fully loaded.
           | Which is pretty inline with decent tech salary these days.
        
             | datpiff wrote:
             | That is their total cost, not the salary paid.
        
               | jedberg wrote:
               | Yes, which is why I said "fully loaded"
        
           | dangoor wrote:
           | I think your math is off? $19M/50 people = $380,000?
        
           | dale_glass wrote:
           | You're doing that division backwards.
        
           | winterismute wrote:
           | Isn't it 380k per person in average? Seems like in-line with
           | FAANG salaries in major US cities.
        
           | hansSjoberg wrote:
           | A few employees and their compensation are listed on their
           | Form 990, page 7. Sidenote: did "Moxie" legally change his
           | name from Matthew Rosenfeld?
           | 
           | https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/824.
           | ..
        
             | rodlette wrote:
             | They have devs and support engineers earning 700k, more
             | than the CTO?
        
               | hansSjoberg wrote:
               | 700k to drag your feet on implementing usernames for a
               | full decade, seems cushy.
        
               | contact9879 wrote:
               | It's in testing now; you'll soon have to switch to
               | complaining about some other thing.
               | 
               | Anyway, considering usernames required an extensive
               | redesign of how Signal works, it's not surprising it took
               | 5 years (3 years of full time)
        
         | datpiff wrote:
         | Costs for staff are not just salaries. It's also pensions,
         | taxes, benefits, the offices, software licenses and all the
         | other stuff. I've often heard 50% of total cost going to
         | salary, but it varies.
         | 
         | Still does seem high though.
        
           | gamblor956 wrote:
           | Pensions aren't a thing in the U.S. anymore, especially not
           | for tech. And when a U.S. company says "staffing costs" that
           | does not include licenses, offices, etc. It's strictly salary
           | and benefits.
           | 
           | According to Signal's 990, it's paying multiple employees
           | over $700k. That's above-market for corporate compensation,
           | and it's _way_ above market for non-profit compensation, to
           | the point where it could be considered private inurement.
        
             | contact9879 wrote:
             | They cover this pretty substantially in the post on
             | Signal's website (I know they merged the Wired article into
             | this one).
             | 
             | Signal is trying to compete with the richest companies in
             | the world; including for talent. And considering Signal's
             | origins and motivations, they're not going to lower
             | salaries or decrease benefits because some people believe
             | that working for a non-profit automatically means lower
             | compensation.
        
       | V__ wrote:
       | Signal had 40 million active users in 2021 [1]. With 14 million
       | in infra cost, that comes to .35 per user/year. Total expenses
       | are about 33 million, so about .825 per user/year. All in all
       | that seems very reasonable.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.businessofapps.com/data/signal-statistics/
        
         | rogerkirkness wrote:
         | Based on App Store downloads on both platforms, they are well
         | over 200M at this point.
        
           | nvy wrote:
           | A lot of people, myself included, have it installed but never
           | use it after they dropped SMS support.
           | 
           | Only a tiny fraction of my contacts use Signal, and most of
           | those are also on Whatsapp, Telegram, Discord, and others.
           | 
           | Signal offers essentially nothing to me.
        
             | rasso wrote:
             | Except real privacy?
        
               | sam_lowry_ wrote:
               | Not even that, because it is linked to phone numbers.
        
               | OoooooooO wrote:
               | Afaik you can crrate an account without a number.
        
               | wkat4242 wrote:
               | No. You can just hide it from other users in group chats
               | now (and perhaps 1:1, didn't yet check but you still need
               | one to sign up)
        
               | crtasm wrote:
               | Where is the option for group chats please?
        
               | matricaria wrote:
               | Not yet, but they are working on that.
        
               | leotravis10 wrote:
               | Yep, a great example: https://dessalines.github.io/essays
               | /why_not_signal.html#phon...
        
               | marvinborner wrote:
               | Username registration is currently being tested:
               | https://community.signalusers.org/t/public-username-
               | testing-...
        
               | ixwt wrote:
               | > and register for a new account with a phone number (you
               | can use the same one you're using in Production).
               | 
               | I hope that they make it so you can register WITHOUT a
               | phone number. Perfectly fine if it's not the default.
               | This is post is currently implying that is not currently
               | the case.
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | Why is it more private than WhatsApp?
        
               | Ar-Curunir wrote:
               | I encourage you to read the article, but Signal minimizes
               | the metadata it stores about you, doesn't hold on to you
               | contact list, doesn't keep information about your IP
               | address, etc.
               | 
               | WhatsApp instead makes tons of money from this kind of
               | metadata.
        
               | crtasm wrote:
               | Using WhatsApp means Facebook/Meta knows the timestamp,
               | sender and recipient of every message sent.
        
               | kroltan wrote:
               | Pay attention to WhatsApp's wording (all privacy/security
               | claims start with "your messages"), and their privacy
               | policy, and you'll see that while message involving with
               | individuals (non-Business users) are secured, your
               | contact list is not, neither are chats with businesses or
               | the metadata about you chatting (destinations, frequency,
               | time)
        
             | hiatus wrote:
             | The sms decision made signal go from THE messaging app on
             | my phone to an app I only use with a very small subset of
             | my contacts. It is infuriating that they didn't allow users
             | to retain that functionality when it costs them nothing,
             | and they could have disabled it by default.
        
               | urig wrote:
               | You paid them nothing and are infuriated. Interesting.
        
               | nani8ot wrote:
               | Many people care about Signal, and it is okay to dislike
               | their decision. OP didn't demand from Signal to support
               | SMS, but they expressed their emotions about the change.
               | 
               | Signal is an awesome project but some of their decisions
               | annoy many users. E.g. Signal does not allow to
               | automatically save all pictures in the gallery. It's a
               | privacy feature, but it's inconvenient since it forces me
               | remember to download each image seperately.
        
               | psalminen wrote:
               | I still use Signal a lot, since most people I frequently
               | talk to use it. However, this was extremely frustrating.
               | Having 1 messaging app for so long was incredibly nice.
        
             | hezralig wrote:
             | My lawyer stopped using signal due to the sms support being
             | dropped. It became too much of a hassle and wasn't worth
             | it.
             | 
             | Many of my family also dropped Signal.
             | 
             | It is now really only used by the hyper-privacy conscious.
        
         | leptons wrote:
         | I'd be happy to pay $1/year for signal, and I'd pay $2/year if
         | it were decoupled from my phone number.
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | If you pay Signal $1/year, they'll realistically see about
           | 60-70 cents of that - and that's only considering payment
           | processor fees.
           | 
           | Now add the cost of providing support (it's a paid product
           | now!), payment handling on their end (in a privacy-preserving
           | way, which excludes most common payment methods), and top it
           | off with the immense damage to the network effect by
           | excluding all the users that can't or simply don't want to
           | pay $1/year...
           | 
           | Donations seem like the much better option here.
        
             | eviks wrote:
             | You can also charge for a 10 year minimum and get to a
             | higher retained %
             | 
             | You don't need to provide support, even much more expensive
             | consumer services live without a proper one, so being
             | explicit about the fact that you only pay for
             | infrastructure could suffice
             | 
             | Not sure why payment privacy has to be so strict for
             | everyone
             | 
             | The network effect damage is real, but maybe it could be
             | limited with donations :)
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | Selling a service automatically opts you in to all kinds
               | of consumer protections, either legally or de facto
               | through the dispute mechanism of the payment methods your
               | customers use.
               | 
               | Just ignoring customer complaints and selling the service
               | "as-is" is usually not an option.
        
               | eviks wrote:
               | Why is it not an option when it already exists in many
               | places (all these protections fail all the time)? Your
               | first sentence doesn't imply high/expensive level of
               | customer service
               | 
               | Besides, even now they're not ignoring all the
               | complaints, the do fix bugs?
               | 
               | Maybe to be more specific, how much did it cost WhatsApp
               | when they had $1 price and a tiny team? How does it
               | compare to the cost of SMS?
        
             | leptons wrote:
             | Thanks for over-analyzing my comment. $1/year, $2/year,
             | $5/year, is all insignificant in the wide array of things I
             | pay for. Sure, I'd pay $10/year for Signal as it is today
             | if they really needed me to. And I never said to make
             | payment mandatory. You're just way over analyzing a simple
             | comment.
        
           | caeril wrote:
           | I'd pay much more than $2 if they offered account identifiers
           | other than phone numbers. Trying to get a burner SIM or DID
           | while still staying anonymous is getting increasingly
           | difficult.
           | 
           | But I think it's pretty clear by now that this is a feature
           | for FVEY IC, not a bug. FFS, they burned development
           | resources on _stickers_ , but abjectly refuse to offer
           | alternative account identifiers. The standard apologist
           | response is, "but phone numbers make adoption easier". Sure,
           | but nobody is asking to _replace_ the identifiers, or even to
           | make them nondefault. We 're just asking for the _option_. It
           | could be hidden behind a developer mode for all I care, but
           | it should be there.
           | 
           | The fact that they abjectly refuse to do it is enough to tell
           | you about what their true motivations likely are.
        
             | nurple wrote:
             | Agreed, at this point I don't believe the "privacy" aspect
             | of Signal's sales sheet means anything. Most that I know
             | use it primarily because they can have clients on all
             | platforms, including desktop.
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | I'd pay substantially more for Signal if I could bot
           | accounts.
           | 
           | I'd like a signal daemon on all my servers for alerting which
           | could message me via Signal. This is worth a monthly fee to
           | me.
           | 
           | I know people running small businesses who would really like
           | to have a business Signal account: an ability to send Signal
           | messages as a business identity without tying it to some
           | specific phone number. This would be worth a subscription
           | even if they had to get their customers to install Signal.
           | 
           | Signal need to figure out what product they sell that's going
           | to fund the privacy objective: because there's plenty and
           | they're worth having.
        
             | jenny91 wrote:
             | If you want one for just personal use; this works well:
             | https://github.com/AsamK/signal-cli
             | 
             | Just sign up with a Twilio number (using voice call) and
             | you can make your own bot.
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | I wonder how many people paid the $5 for WhatsApp back in the
         | day. It gave you nothing but you were able to do it. I think I
         | did.
        
           | abdullahkhalids wrote:
           | Whatsapp was asking for $1/year [1]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jan/18/whatsa
           | pp-...
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | I've been using WhatsApp when the nominal $1/year fee was
             | still around, but somehow never ended up being actually
             | charged, and I don't know anyone that did.
             | 
             | It's possible that they were only enforcing it in some
             | regions, though.
        
               | abdullahkhalids wrote:
               | Indeed. I just ignored the dialog box the first time it
               | popped up. But next year I paid. It was quite a big deal
               | because back then it was equal to my entire monthly
               | cellphone bill in Pakistan.
               | 
               | But I remember other people started to en masse switch to
               | other messengers like Viber(?). And Whatsapp had to stop
               | enforcing the fee.
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | The price changed a few times but they definitely had a
             | lifetime thing once.
             | 
             | All pricing was entirely optional
             | 
             | Here's one reference to a different price (can't find
             | lifetime except for people complaining that Facebook didn't
             | honor it on original ToS)
             | 
             | https://www.wired.com/2011/11/whatsapp-messenger-app/
        
           | bilal4hmed wrote:
           | I have an old receipt in my Google Pay for whatsapp at a
           | whopping 99 cents :)
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | Definitely reasonable but the ultra privacy-conscious/paranoid
         | can't easily donate or pay privately.
        
           | groby_b wrote:
           | Sure, but privacy isn't black or white. A donation to signal
           | does not compromise the content of your messaging.
           | 
           | So what you've leaked is the information that you have an
           | interest in private conversations. This might be a problem in
           | some countries, but I think it's fair to ask folks in
           | affluent countries with working (sorta) democracies to
           | shoulder that burden. I.e. you don't donate if there's
           | elevated threat to your safety, there are enough people who
           | aren't under elevated threat.
           | 
           | There's also the possibility of using a donation mixer like
           | Silent Donor, though I'd evaluate that very carefully.
           | (There's a record of the transfer in, and the mixer needs to
           | keep temporary records for transferring out. There's also the
           | question how you verify the mixer doesn't skim.)
           | 
           | Some donation mixers accept crypto currency, so for maximum
           | paranoia, I suppose crypto->crypto mixer->donation
           | mixer->charity might be workable. Or hand cash to a friend
           | who donates in your stead.
           | 
           | As always, the best path is to set aside paranoia and build a
           | threat model instead to see what the actual risks are.
        
             | godelski wrote:
             | There's never enough talk like this and I'm not sure why.
             | It's always about the threat model. In this respect I
             | always like to think of it in terms of probability.
             | Probabilities and likelihoods aren't just about capturing
             | randomness like quantum fluctuations or rolling dice, they
             | are fundamentally about capturing uncertainty. Your threat
             | model is your conditions and you can only calculate
             | likelihoods as you don't know everything. There are no
             | guarantees of privacy or security. This is why I always
             | hated the conversations around when Signal was discussing
             | deleting messages and people were saying that it's useless
             | because someone could have saved the message before you
             | deleted them. But this is also standard practice in
             | industry because they understand the probabilistic
             | framework and that there's a good chance that you delete
             | before they save. Framing privacy and security as
             | binary/deterministic options doesn't just do a poor but
             | "good enough approximation" of these but actually leads you
             | to make decisions that would decrease your privacy and
             | security!
             | 
             | It's like brute forcing, we just want something where we'd
             | be surprised if someone could accomplish it within the
             | lifetime of the universe though technically it is possible
             | for them to get it on the very first try if they are very
             | very lucky. Which is an extreme understatement. It's far
             | more likely that you could walk up to a random door, put
             | the wrong key in, have the door's lock fall out of place,
             | and open it to find a bear, a methhead, and a Rabbi sitting
             | around a table drinking tea, playing cards, and the Rabbi
             | has a full house. I'll take my odds on 256 bit encryption.
        
           | V__ wrote:
           | There are clever ways around that. I use posteo as my
           | mailprovider. They have a system where you can pay
           | anonymously: https://posteo.de/en/site/payment
        
           | godelski wrote:
           | They take checks by mail. You definitely can do a cashier's
           | check and I'm sure they'd take the "cash in an envelope"
           | method that places like Mullvad do too. Looks like they also
           | support crypto, and that includes Zcash. So I don't think
           | this is a great excuse. The only "can't easily donate" aspect
           | is going to also be tied with the "can't easily get a
           | cashier's check or find an anonymous person to sell me
           | bitcoin for cash" kinda issues, and when you're operating at
           | that level I'm not sure anything is "easy." (but that's not
           | that hard usually)
           | 
           | https://support.signal.org/hc/en-
           | us/articles/360031949872-Do...
        
             | wkat4242 wrote:
             | How is a check in any way private? Your name is on it.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | A cashier's check doesn't.
        
               | wkat4242 wrote:
               | Ah ok I didn't know those still existed. In fact even the
               | named checks are long gone here in Europe lol.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | Oh yeah, I have an old checkbook that I've had since like
               | 2010 because the only ones I've ever used are for random
               | landlords. Otherwise it's literally easier to get a
               | cashier's check, which you can (in America) do at any
               | bank or grocery store. Note that some are free and some
               | aren't, so check beforehand. I don't think these will
               | ever really go away tbh
        
               | wkat4242 wrote:
               | I think they will, America is just very traditional.
               | Things tend to stick around for longer. The magstripe
               | also lingers there even though we've got rid of it for
               | years (though unfortunately our cards still have them in
               | case we need to visit the US - I don't like having them
               | because they are skimmable).
               | 
               | Nobody would accept a check here anyway as they're not
               | guaranteed. These days I pay with my watch or phone
               | everywhere (Samsung Pay). I don't even use the chip on my
               | card anymore. And payments between people happen
               | digitally too (a system called Bizum here in Spain).
        
           | heavyset_go wrote:
           | Signal requires a real phone number to open an account, you
           | are not anonymous to Signal.
        
             | sneak wrote:
             | Phone numbers can be obtained anonymously in many
             | countries. I have several anonymous Signal accounts, each
             | with their own anonymous phone number.
        
               | caeril wrote:
               | It's possible in the US, but it's getting very difficult.
               | I don't know anywhere you can buy or or borrow a DID with
               | Monero anymore. Looks like they got to Telnum recently.
               | 
               | You can still buy a SIM, a prepaid PIN, and a phone with
               | cash, but you'd need to pay a non-correlated person to be
               | seen on CCTV to do it, at a non-correlated time, and hope
               | they don't just take your money and leave you nothing at
               | the dead drop.
               | 
               | Then there's the hassle of setting up the account in a
               | way that's not correlated with your location, normal
               | waking hours, etc.
               | 
               | All of this could just be avoided if Signal did the right
               | thing.
               | 
               | But they won't. Ask yourself why.
        
               | pizzafeelsright wrote:
               | Why are you typing my comments?
               | 
               | Exactly. They won't because .... reasons.
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | Why would you not need to be seen on CCTV? This has
               | nothing to do with the privacy of Signal.
               | 
               | I buy all of my anonymous prepaid SIMs with cash at
               | retail myself, and they are still anonymous.
               | 
               | The only time you'd need to stay off CCTV is if you were
               | using them to commit crimes and expected a significant
               | investigation to be undertaken.
               | 
               | Your casual assertion of malice on the part of Signal is
               | not supported by any facts.
        
             | nerdbert wrote:
             | I can pop into almost any phone shop around here and walk
             | out with a free SIM card, which I can top up for cash.
        
         | abdullahkhalids wrote:
         | Mastodon org + Mastodon.social also have costs of 0.6 EUR/year,
         | though they have two orders of magnitude less users [1]. This
         | is really what most social media costs. These rates are even
         | payable by many in poorer countries.
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38117385
        
           | fmajid wrote:
           | IIRC WhatsApp used to charge $1 per year
           | 
           | https://venturebeat.com/mobile/whatsapp-subscription/
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | With how much Mastodon.social tends to fall over when Twitter
           | does something stupid (again), their rates are probably a bit
           | too low for a more robust service like Signal.
           | 
           | Signal also intentionally doesn't store too much data, long
           | term data costs will slowly grow over the years. I imagine
           | for a bigger platform, costs can grow to multiples of the
           | rates for Signal and smaller Mastodon servers.
           | 
           | EUR10 per year should be more than enough for most users,
           | though, and it should be quite affordable for most countries.
        
         | teekert wrote:
         | Whatsapp got pretty big at 1 eur/year (iOS) and 1 eur for
         | lifetime (Android) here in the netherlands.
         | 
         | I do fear they'll loose most tech un-savvy users because they
         | don't know how to pay (safely).
        
           | wkat4242 wrote:
           | That doesn't mean they were actually profitable at those
           | rates though. They could have been in growth hacking mode
           | with venture backing.
        
             | danielheath wrote:
             | They were well-known for not doing that, though.
        
               | wkat4242 wrote:
               | Hmm but then how did they manage before asking for that 1
               | euro? There were a whole lot of years where it was
               | completely free (yes before the Facebook takeover). Here
               | in Europe we've only needed to pay once or so until it
               | got taken over.
               | 
               | There must have been some kind of venture backing because
               | there was no money coming in at all from users for a long
               | time.
        
         | lencastre wrote:
         | It's beginning to sound like the 1 EUR/year that at some point
         | WhatsApp wanted to charge and it seemed reasonable to me at the
         | time. Signal is even better and even more so justified.
        
           | rany_ wrote:
           | They used to "require" a subscription of 1$/year but it was
           | not enforced. If you missed the deadline, nothing happened.
           | It was basically the WinRAR model but for an online service.
        
             | politelemon wrote:
             | That may have been an A/B testing of sorts then, because I
             | was booted right away.
        
               | rany_ wrote:
               | > whether you've been required to pay WhatsApp's annual
               | fee depends very much on when you joined the service, and
               | even on what country you live in.
               | 
               | Source: https://venturebeat.com/mobile/whatsapp-
               | subscription/
        
         | gwd wrote:
         | This is kind of the number I was looking for -- "Cover your own
         | costs: $1/year. Cover yourself and five other people: $5/year."
         | I feel like something pointing out that the costs are around
         | $1/year on signing up, maybe with a reminder once a year, would
         | get most people self-funding pretty quickly.
        
           | tobinfricke wrote:
           | Reminds me of ... WhatsApp :D
           | 
           | (Originally WhatsApp charged $1/year.)
        
       | yetanotherloss wrote:
       | Who is the active user base for signal these days? Everyone I
       | knew who was using it dropped off after the SMS debacle, which
       | was a shame.
       | 
       | Edit: Wow some weird haters on HN today. I was honestly curious
       | as an active signal user that was no longer able to use it to
       | message people in North America and had never seen anyone using
       | it in East Asia. Apparently this makes some other signal users
       | very angry.
        
         | freeqaz wrote:
         | I've converted all of my friends and family to using it. It's
         | the "social media" for my world now. I'm probably an outlier
         | for that, but it makes me happy!
        
         | OfSanguineFire wrote:
         | I've been to a lot of meetups in the last year and exchanged
         | contacts with people. As a nerdy idealist running a deGoogled
         | Android with no proprietary software, I always have to tell
         | them that I don't have WhatsApp, just Signal. Again and again I
         | have heard the reply, "Oh, yeah, I've got Signal, I use it to
         | buy drugs."
         | 
         | So, that's some of the active user base in my city, but none of
         | those users are very motivated to use Signal with their network
         | of contacts in general. There WhatsApp reigns.
        
           | Krasnol wrote:
           | > "Oh, yeah, I've got Signal, I use it to buy drugs."
           | 
           | Funny, people around here in Germany say that about Telegram.
        
             | bongripper wrote:
             | Buying drugs from shady people online like on Telegram
             | channels is a good way to get you not high or killed.
             | Apparently they're selling HHC now that looks like bud? No
             | thanks. I'll stick to my local guy straight from behind the
             | bushes next to the park.
        
           | rchaud wrote:
           | those users probably have a far lower impact on Signal's
           | operating costs because they're only sending the occasional
           | message instead of using it as a broadcast platform.
        
           | yetanotherloss wrote:
           | That's been similar to my experience in the last year.
           | WhatsApp or even worse, Snapchat, seems to be the preferred
           | "private" messaging platforms, which is depressing to say the
           | least.
        
         | j45 wrote:
         | Lots people are replacing meta/insta/WhatsApp with signal chats
         | 
         | Especially for long term chats with friends and fam.
         | 
         | I happened to start using it with my spouse only to apple just
         | one kind of messaging notification to come thru.
        
         | zozskuh wrote:
         | I still use it, and ask my friends & family to use it as well.
         | 
         | What would you recommend to use instead of Signal?
        
           | yetanotherloss wrote:
           | I have yet to find a replacement that both I like and other
           | people use. Matrix and Session I have yet to find anyone
           | using, telegram seems to be almost entirely bots in my area,
           | and WhatsApp etc are owned by Meta.
        
         | Krasnol wrote:
         | Same people who use WhatsApp for example.
         | 
         | The SMS issue was mainly a problem in the US where people used
         | it for SMS and therefore never mattered since that
         | communication was never secure. Those people probably never
         | even cared for security since they, as you said even went out
         | there and actually uninstalled an app. Something people seem to
         | rarely do.
         | 
         | I use it for friends, family and colleagues. People now started
         | asking me for it (or safe alternatives to Facebook Messenger)
         | since Facebook started asking people to pay for non-targeted
         | ads recently. They actually got people to think about the data
         | they share with an outdated social network.
        
         | rchaud wrote:
         | Yep, the whole point of Signal for me was the SMS component. I
         | put up with the old-fashioned UI for that reason. Now it just
         | looks and acts like a Telegram clone.
        
       | ActorNightly wrote:
       | Has anyone tried setting up their own Signal server? Be cool to
       | do this, and then give all your friends the ip for truly private
       | messaging.
       | 
       | https://github.com/signalapp
       | 
       | Seems like all their stuff is open source.
        
         | kyawzazaw wrote:
         | unlikely the people i want to talk will bother setting this up
        
           | Aachen wrote:
           | And the people those friends want to talk to. And the friends
           | of those friends.
           | 
           | To have self-hosted chat services, you either need a niche
           | enough service that you'll never have two parties that would
           | want to talk to each other while being on different servers,
           | or federation. Signal chose the former, so here I am with
           | eight communication apps on my phone.
           | 
           | Maybe the next best thing could be to support multiple
           | servers, like how email clients let you fetch data from more
           | than one email provider, if they're so worried about
           | federation inhibiting their ability to control the ecosystem
           | that they plainly won't go there and hold speeches about how
           | harmful that situation would be. Then we could have self
           | hosting and also Signal wouldn't have to care about
           | federating with my self-hosted server.
        
           | ActorNightly wrote:
           | I mean the idea would be you download the app but use my
           | server instead of of the default ones.
        
         | newscracker wrote:
         | Which app would they all use and from where would they get it?
         | Signal does not (intentionally) support the official app using
         | other servers or the platform itself supporting federation. [1]
         | 
         | [1]: https://signal.org/blog/the-ecosystem-is-moving/
        
         | YeBanKo wrote:
         | This can be a premium feature. Run your own server and for a
         | little bit of money you can configure your client to use an
         | alternative server. Client code is what make it private and
         | secure, so you want to use their verified client even with your
         | own server.
        
         | Sol- wrote:
         | Offering self-hosted servers would probably just degrade the
         | security guarantees of Signal if people misconfigure them.
         | Doesn't seem to be worthwhile for the Signal foundation to run
         | into this risk of undermining their own reputation for a niche
         | user base who cares about self-hosting.
        
           | autoexec wrote:
           | > Doesn't seem to be worthwhile for the Signal foundation to
           | run into this risk of undermining their own reputation
           | 
           | It's a bit too late for that. They undermined their
           | reputation when they started permanently keeping sensitive
           | user data in the cloud (like a list of every person you
           | contact), and then again when they refused to update their
           | privacy policy which lies to users about their data
           | collection practices, and then again when they killed off the
           | ability to get both "secure" communications and unsecured
           | SMS, and then again when they started adding weird cryptoshit
           | nobody asked for. Signal seems to be telling people as loudly
           | as they can not to use/trust them.
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | Some of these things raise an eyebrow and I'd like them further
       | broken down (but in the mean time, I'm still donating):
       | 
       | * $19 million for 50 staff                 - That's $338k/head on
       | average. At face value for a nonprofit, I'd like these costs
       | broke down as this seems excessive. There is far cheaper IT labor
       | available outside SV.
       | 
       | * 20 petabytes per year of bandwidth, or 20 million gigabytes, to
       | enable voice and video calling alone, which comes to $1.7 million
       | a year                 - I'd drop these features if possible, or
       | give them to donors.
       | 
       | * Storage: $1.3m, Servers: $2.9m                 - I was actually
       | expecting this to be far higher            - Long term storage
       | should probably be donor-only            - Servers could likely
       | be optimized by going hybrid cloud with colocation and owning own
       | hardware, but again, was surprised how "little" they're spending
       | on this.
       | 
       | * Sms registration fees: $6m                 - Stop contributing
       | and supporting the "Your phone number is your identity" problem.
       | - Move towards helping educating society and establishing a set
       | of encryption keys as their long term identity
       | 
       | It's easy to criticize from the bleachers. Still thankful for the
       | app and I'll continue to donate.
        
         | simcop2387 wrote:
         | One thing I question with that is that if you gave features to
         | donors only, wouldn't that mean that signal now needs to track
         | users in ways that aren't privacy preserving? I.e. you'd be
         | able to know if any given user using signal now has given
         | payments to signal. I'm not sure that'd work with what they
         | want to do as an organization.
        
         | asylteltine wrote:
         | They need to dump sms entirely. Use on device private keys. If
         | users mess it up, it's on them. People need to get educated
         | about how to manage private keys.
        
           | vore wrote:
           | As someone technically savvy, I don't trust myself to manage
           | my own private keys sufficiently for a service that's the
           | point of contact for all my friends and family. I think it's
           | a much taller order for someone without the technical knowhow
           | - remember that Signal's audience includes very non-technical
           | people who don't have time to learn the technical ins and
           | outs but absolutely require its utility, like journalists and
           | dissidents.
        
           | a_vanderbilt wrote:
           | Then few will use it and Signal will die. There is this gap
           | between the ideals of the technically-minded and the reality
           | that users live in. They tried to dump SMS - and people
           | responded by not using alternatives. The entire sales pitch
           | of Signal is that it is easy and unobtrusive.
        
         | mushufasa wrote:
         | It's easy to say that "you should do x" from the bleachers but
         | when you're in the arena you run up against reality. For
         | example, Signal had a blog a while ago about how they tried to
         | avoid the sms features, actually for privacy reasons, but they
         | found people just didn't use other alternatives. Here's a
         | reddit thread of users advocating for SMS support
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/signal/comments/y3ymfl/keep_sms_sup...
         | .
         | 
         | So it was the best of all the available options practically, if
         | they wanted to grow and retain the users.
        
           | bpfrh wrote:
           | That was for sending SMS via Signal, not for verifiyng users
           | via sms and they did remove that.
           | 
           | https://signal.org/blog/sms-removal-android/
           | 
           | edit: wording, forgot the word remove
        
         | vore wrote:
         | - That's $338k/head on average. At face value for a nonprofit,
         | I'd like these costs broke down as this seems excessive. There
         | is far cheaper IT labor available outside SV.
         | 
         | You get what you pay for, though. $338k/year seems like a
         | reasonable salary for people working on something as privacy
         | critical as Signal - just because you're working for a
         | nonprofit doesn't mean you have to work for less competitive
         | wages.
        
           | jallen_dot_dev wrote:
           | Also, employees cost more than just their salary.
        
             | foobarian wrote:
             | I wouldn't be surprised if overhead turned out 1/3 of that
             | figure.
        
           | zimpenfish wrote:
           | > $338k/year seems like a reasonable salary for people
           | 
           | That $19M/year was total employee costs which, as best I
           | understand these things, can often work out to be double the
           | raw salaries which would bring the average down to a slightly
           | less excessive $170k/year.
        
           | superfrank wrote:
           | IIRC, employees cost the business ~150% of their salary. That
           | means we're looking at more like a $220k/yr salary on
           | average. For a bay area company, that seems completely
           | reasonable.
        
           | eschulz wrote:
           | Nonprofits, as with for-profits, must pay competitive wages
           | or they will have trouble getting the expertise that they
           | need. $338k/head seems reasonable when you also consider
           | taxes the company must pay for each employee.
        
           | raesene9 wrote:
           | Whilst competitive salaries are important, it's fair to say
           | that, outside of the US, you can get good people for a _lot_
           | less than $338k /year.
           | 
           | To give one example of a (not that cheap) market, outside of
           | London average developer salaries are probably under $50k in
           | the UK. Even accounting for additional costs like taxation
           | and equipment, that's likely to be under $100k fully loaded.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _outside of London average developer salaries are
             | probably under $50k in the UK_
             | 
             | For top-notch security developers, I call bullshit. Signal
             | would be worthless if it started offshoring development to
             | nickel and dime.
        
               | raesene9 wrote:
               | I said Average for a reason :D I didn't say you can get
               | "top-notch" security developers for that.
               | 
               | I don't think there's industry numbers for that set of
               | people in the UK, as it's not a big enough set. However
               | I'd be surprised if they were 150K plus though, that's a
               | very rare salary in the UK.
               | 
               | Also there are cheaper countries than the UK who have
               | great devs.
        
               | jtakkala wrote:
               | There's definitely top-notch software and security
               | engineers making well north of PS150k in the UK. As you
               | go up in levels, it's indeed a small set of people, but
               | FB / Google comp for a top L7 engineer working in the
               | same space as Signal engineers can be $700k+ in the UK.
               | Just have a look at levels.fyi, and you'll see that even
               | finance will pay over $500k in London. Furthermore, given
               | how small the group of people are at the top of these
               | companies, very few will self-report their incomes
               | publicly, which is why you'll rarely hear about the
               | engineers making $1M+ - but those cases do exist.
               | 
               | The people behind Signal pioneered end-to-end encryption,
               | and as is pointed out in the blog post, there's still a
               | lot of novel cryptography development involved in
               | building a privacy-first messenger. You can't do that
               | without top-notch talent.
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | "just because you're working for a nonprofit doesn't mean you
           | have to work for less competitive wages"
           | 
           | Actually it does usually. Because when people see real
           | meaning in their work, as opposed to find yet another way to
           | manipulate people on other peoples behalf, then you don't
           | have to buy their consciousness as well.
           | 
           | So sure, it is awesome, that signals employers get to have
           | meaning _and_ money. But I would bet, you would find
           | competent people working for less. (And maybe somewhere else)
           | 
           | But .. they do have a working app and organisation right now
           | and drastic changes could destroy that.
        
             | vore wrote:
             | Why shouldn't we want to pay people working at non-profits
             | the same for their labor than they would get at for-
             | profits? If they are doing just as or even more important
             | work, why do we want to bend over backwards to justify them
             | getting paid _less_ for it?
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | Because funding is limited. And the goal is to maximize
               | the impact, not make some people happy.
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | costs for a nonprofit are the same as costs for a forprofit
         | 
         | there's just a bunch of nonprofit employees or personnel that
         | play on the pauper perception because its convenient, but
         | "nonprofit" and no money is not correlated to anything
         | 
         | so if those employee costs were excessive for _any_
         | organization, saying non profit doesn't make them more or less
         | excessive
         | 
         | I think tech talent is undervalued and should at least compete
         | directly with FAANG, for many organizations this is not
         | possible, for organizations with other liquid assets they
         | create (like Signal) it is possible. All employment hasnt risen
         | with cost of living, I'm not familiar with other sectors.
        
         | Canada wrote:
         | > That's $338k/head on average.
         | 
         | Oh come on. Just because the organization is non-profit,
         | meaning that it's not out to make a profit for shareholders, is
         | no justification for the staff to be paid below their market
         | worth. In fact, they could definitely earn more by quitting and
         | working at for profit companies. And that is especially true
         | for those who are getting the higher end of the compensation.
         | 
         | And say that staff number was like, $5m/year less? It doesn't
         | change the fact that costs of running are substantial and more
         | donation is needed from those who want it to remain viable.
        
         | davidhyde wrote:
         | < "* 20 petabytes per year of bandwidth, or 20 million
         | gigabytes, to enable voice and video calling alone, which comes
         | to $1.7 million a year - I'd drop these features if possible,
         | or give them to donors."
         | 
         | How about they pull their socks up and use peer to peer
         | technology instead? Messages are asynchronous so they need to
         | be temporarily stored but routing real-time audio and video is
         | a technology problem that they have chosen the expensive way to
         | solve.
        
           | NOWHERE_ wrote:
           | If signal adds username only accounts it makes sense to relay
           | calls if users don't want their IP leaked to the other
           | person.
        
           | contact9879 wrote:
           | They are peer-to-peer by default between people in their
           | contacts list. That is for when calling someone that isn't in
           | your contacts list or for people that have enabled the relay
           | all calls option.
        
         | darth_avocado wrote:
         | > far cheaper IT labor outside
         | 
         | This is a product that solves some of the harder problems of
         | engineering, and has a staff of 50. Cheaper isn't going to get
         | you the best. If you had a staff of 1000, you could make that
         | argument. Besides that's not a lot of money to begin with. 340k
         | is a senior engineer salary and I am sure the people running
         | the company are far more capable than senior engineers.
         | 
         | > drop those features
         | 
         | That's a valid argument, but 1.7M for that 20PB of bandwidth is
         | not a lot of money. Dropping or making the features paid,
         | defeats the purpose. If you're trying to be the privacy first
         | app that competes with WhatsApp and others, this would make it
         | harder to be a viable alternative.
         | 
         | > sms registration fees
         | 
         | Education is a harder problem to solve, but offloading some of
         | the costs to users may make sense here.
        
         | yt-sdb wrote:
         | > $19 million for 50 staff. That's $338k/head on average.
         | 
         | How did you compute this? 19/5 is 3.8
        
         | AnthonyMouse wrote:
         | > I'd drop these features if possible, or give them to donors.
         | 
         | They can't really do that, it deters adoption of something with
         | a network effect.
         | 
         | The real issue here is that direct connections have privacy
         | implications (maybe you don't want the other party to know your
         | IP address), so they relay everything. If they could solve that
         | they could save a lot of money.
         | 
         | For example, detect if the user is connected via a known VPN
         | service (which is likely given Signal's user base) and then let
         | the VPN hide the user's IP address instead of Signal having to
         | pay for it. Or make a deal with popular VPNs to put the relay
         | servers in their data centers, which gives a similar advantage
         | and they might be able to get better pricing from them in
         | general because the VPNs already have a lot of bandwidth, are
         | sympathetic to what Signal does and could use it as PR.
        
           | olejorgenb wrote:
           | Making it so that only one party need to have a pro account
           | might help a bit
        
             | AnthonyMouse wrote:
             | Still doesn't work. Any two people don't have a pro account
             | and they stop using it in favor of a competitor, and then
             | their _other_ contacts use the competitor too. You can 't
             | charge for something WhatsApp has for free.
        
       | kuon wrote:
       | I wish I could use signal without a phone and phone number.
       | Otherwise it is useless to me.
        
       | codemac wrote:
       | > As a small nonprofit organization, we cannot afford to purchase
       | all of the physical computers that are necessary to support
       | everyone who relies on Signal while also placing them in
       | independent data centers around the world.
       | 
       | This is really the crux of the problem. ~$3M of servers per year
       | is more than enough to start purchasing hardware, I wish there
       | were easier ways for people like me to participate and help
       | Signal on the cheap.
       | 
       | As someone who participated in the builds they complain about
       | being expensive (and ignoring their , I don't think it's a
       | function of centralization or "troubling" as much as it is
       | practical. Meta, Google, etc all have many billions they could be
       | saving if they could figure out how to make it cheaper too.
        
       | RosanaAnaDana wrote:
       | Is it possible to self host signal? Can signal move towards a
       | model like the fediverse where the software development is
       | decoupled from the hosting costs?
        
         | dindresto wrote:
         | They are actively working against self hosting, which is why I
         | want matrix to succeed and signal to die
        
       | rufi wrote:
       | Registration Fees: $6 million dollars per year... how come
       | sending sms cost so much?
        
       | nvrmnd wrote:
       | I donate to signal, and use it frequently. But I would much
       | prefer for the app to simply charge users rather than beg for
       | donations. Even better would be to charge users in a way that
       | reflects the costs.
       | 
       | For instance, maybe verifying a new number over SMS should cost
       | $0.10 if that's going to make up 14% of the operating costs.
       | 
       | Begging for donations to subsidize excessive use by other users
       | just doesn't seem sustainable.
        
         | arsome wrote:
         | I would certainly prefer the donation begging - chance of
         | getting family and friends to use it with an upfront cost: 0.
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | How are you going to charge users $0.10? Micropayments is a
         | huge unsolved problem.
        
           | renonce wrote:
           | Buy 50 invite codes for $5
        
         | NotYourLawyer wrote:
         | Yes, let's tie every user of this privacy-focused messaging
         | platform to a credit card number.
        
         | mmanfrin wrote:
         | > I donate to signal, and use it frequently. But I would much
         | prefer for the app to simply charge users rather than beg for
         | donations.
         | 
         | Hard disagree. If you charge, the number of people who will use
         | it shrinks by several magnitudes, and then you lose your
         | network effect, you lose the ability to get your less
         | technically inclined friends to install it.
        
       | ruffrey wrote:
       | I would pay for a few signal features: 1. encrypted backups or
       | backup integration of my chats, photos and videos. 2. business
       | features (backup, directory integration, search)
       | 
       | I have not used: 1. voice and video
       | 
       | Incredible that SMS costs so much. I wonder if it's worth it
       | because it _saves_ so much in spam and other sorts of fraud or
       | bad behavior?
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | I have some good news: go into the settings and turn on
         | encrypted backups. The clients also all come with a search
         | function, even if it only matches against start-of-word (which
         | includes URLs, so you can't search for domain names which
         | regularly bothers me).
         | 
         | Directory integration, as in, importing a vcard with everyone's
         | phone number into your device such that you can tap on anyone's
         | name and message them on Signal if they've got Signal
         | installed?
        
           | crtasm wrote:
           | The backup option is Android-only.
        
             | Aachen wrote:
             | O.o TIL. That's weird, apple users already have plenty of
             | lock-in and own-data-inaccessibility, but so maybe they
             | figured they clearly don't care? Weird as heck either way
             | 
             | Then what I can recommend is installing the desktop client
             | on a server somewhere and reading its sqlite-like (but with
             | some flaky encryption extension) messages database
        
       | rodlette wrote:
       | I'd prefer a federated solution, but XMPP doesn't yet have decent
       | support for group chat that doesn't depend on being connected.
       | https://xmpp.org/extensions/attic/xep-0369-0.1.html is still
       | experimental.
       | 
       | Bravo to Signal for being easy enough for my family to use!
        
         | fsflover wrote:
         | What about Matrix?
        
         | godelski wrote:
         | Fwiw, I've seen users suggest hybrid approaches. Interestingly
         | it could reduce some of the costs they list here and looks like
         | a route one could take to slowly build towards a fully or
         | hybrid federated system instead of jumping straight there. But
         | I am unsure how much the community likes the idea and judging
         | by that last post it doesn't seem like the mods do. But this
         | one takes note as two users were willing to place a bounty on
         | the feature request
         | 
         | https://community.signalusers.org/t/signal-airdrop/37402
        
         | NoGravitas wrote:
         | Matrix fixes that issue (and also the issue of the server your
         | group chat is hosted on disappearing). It has plenty of other
         | issues, of course.
        
       | ZeroCool2u wrote:
       | Signal is one of the non-profits I happily donate to. Myself, my
       | family, and my friends use it almost exclusively.
        
       | Canada wrote:
       | Seriously consider setting up a recurring donation if you prefer
       | Signal. They have delivered consistently over the years. I set
       | the $20/month back when they introduced the option.
       | 
       | I'm curious what the breakdown of donations is. I only have 1
       | contact with a $10/month and 1 with a $5/month badge. Of course
       | there could be others not displaying the badge. Signal really
       | needs 500,000 people giving $20/month and plus the rich guys
       | giving some millions on top of that to be in a safe financial
       | position.
       | 
       | Maybe something that could be done to encourage donations is have
       | the client estimate how much raw infra costs your usage created
       | and display in the donation screen.
        
         | rglullis wrote:
         | I fail to understand the point of supporting an organization
         | that is completely against self-sovereignty like Signal is. Why
         | would I want to pay someone to develop something that traps me
         | into their platform and does not offer a way out?
        
           | BlueTemplar wrote:
           | Not _completely_ ? Their server seems to be open source too
           | now (with the exception of the spam filter) ?
        
             | rglullis wrote:
             | Can I operate my own Signal server and talk with people on
             | the "main" one?
        
               | Caligatio wrote:
               | You're moving the goal post from "self-sovereignty" to
               | supports federation with an infinite number of servers.
               | Nothing is stopping you from compiling your own Signal
               | server and modifying a Signal client to use your server.
               | 
               | Given that Signal is free as a service, supporting
               | federation only increases their expenses.
        
               | rglullis wrote:
               | Without federation, Signal is still working with the
               | advantage of network effects. So an open source server is
               | not enough of a way out.
               | 
               | Element can do it for their Matrix servers. Process.one
               | can do it for ejabberd. Prosody as well. Why can't
               | Signal?
        
               | sowbug wrote:
               | Back to your original point: please don't support an
               | organization that doesn't share important values of
               | yours! That is absolutely your choice!
               | 
               | You've named several products that share your values.
               | Perhaps those would be a better fit if you were to
               | donate.
        
               | Clamchop wrote:
               | Federation can only make security worse and I do not want
               | it. You can have something else.
        
               | SpaghettiCthulu wrote:
               | Genuine question: Does Tor fall under the definition of
               | federation? Either way, a Tor-like model would have
               | security benefits over a centralized system like Signal,
               | right?
        
           | danielheath wrote:
           | Given how many activists have used it in overthrowing
           | dictatorial governments, self-sovereignty seems an odd choice
           | of words to claim it doesn't support.
        
             | rglullis wrote:
             | Perhaps it was a bad choice of words. What I mean is that
             | they say "you don't need to trust us", yet they _require_
             | you to run through them. They refuse to build their system
             | in a decentralized way, and the more that time goes by the
             | more the decentralized alternatives are showing they are as
             | secure as Signal _without_ forcing us to accept their
             | restrictions like mandatory use of phone numbers for
             | authentication.
        
               | Barrin92 wrote:
               | > "you don't need to trust us"
               | 
               | you literally don't. It's a fully encrypted service. _The
               | literal purpose of encryption is to move data securely
               | through insecure or even adversarial channels_. Which you
               | can verify, it 's audited and open source.
               | 
               | They refuse to build the app in a decentralized way
               | because decentralization is an ideological obsession that
               | is useless in this context, and because centralized
               | organizations can actually ship polished software that
               | works for normal people and move quickly.
        
               | lrvick wrote:
               | Centralized supply chain, and metadata protection is
               | anchored on SGX.
               | 
               | They can use their pick of SGX exploits to undermine the
               | weak metadata protections and they (or apple/google)
               | could, if pressured, ship tweaked versions of their
               | centrally compiled apps to select targets that use "42"
               | as the random number generator. No one would be the
               | wiser.
               | 
               | Signal is a money pit with a pile of single points of
               | failure for no reason.
               | 
               | Matrix is already proving federated end to end encryption
               | can scale, particularly when users are free to pay for
               | hosting their own servers as they like, which can also
               | generate income.
        
               | chimeracoder wrote:
               | > They can use their pick of SGX exploits to undermine
               | the weak metadata protections and they (or apple/google)
               | could, if pressured, ship tweaked versions of their
               | centrally compiled apps to select targets that use "42"
               | as the random number generator. No one would be the
               | wiser.
               | 
               | Signal builds on Android have been reproducible for over
               | seven years now. That's not to mention the myriad of
               | other ways that people could detect this particular
               | attack even without build reproducibility.
        
           | illiac786 wrote:
           | Just don't use it, don't generate cost for them, don't be
           | trapped by them. Everyone wins.
        
             | rglullis wrote:
             | The 50 million using them all lose because they are locked
             | into a monopolistic platform.
        
               | illiac786 wrote:
               | they can communicate to anyone with WhatsApp, SMS,
               | iMessage.... This is a closed system, not a monopoly.
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | 20/month for every chat service I use is very steep. I'd be
         | spending more on chat services than on mobile data + unlimited
         | calling + landline + DSL + streaming services combined!
         | 
         | They actual costs are apparently about 1 USD per _year_ per
         | user. I usually at least double (usually more) my incurred cost
         | when the donation is optional, to cover for those who can 't or
         | won't pay, but paying 240x the cost price seems wasteful as
         | well when there are other nonprofits that can do more good with
         | every dollar you give them (be it solving poverty, climate
         | change, whatever you find valuable) rather than one which has
         | mostly fixed fees
        
         | climb_stealth wrote:
         | Same. I have been doing the recurring payment since they
         | offered it. Even though I'm effectively only using it with my
         | partner. But that is every day
         | 
         | It feels good supporting something worthwhile.
        
       | bayesianbot wrote:
       | https://archive.is/k90dC
        
       | flower-giraffe wrote:
       | Did I read that right $19m people cost for 50 people.
        
         | notachatbot123 wrote:
         | It's crazy, 400,000k per person. It would feel like nothing but
         | an unfair waste of my "cheap-country" money to fuel
         | "overpriced-county" with a donation.
        
           | atlasunshrugged wrote:
           | But that's not salary, that's the total cost per employee. So
           | if you factor in ~40% cost for healthcare, pension, perks,
           | and various taxes, then the average salary is closer to
           | $240,000 which will still a bit high, is probably less than
           | market for the average engineer working at the company.
        
             | gamblor956 wrote:
             | Per the 990, which is just salary, multiple employees at
             | Signal are getting paid over $650k. That's way above market
             | for the nonprofit sector for comparable positions.
        
               | macNchz wrote:
               | From page 2 of Schedule J (at the bottom) they break out
               | the components of the compensation, showing that most of
               | those numbers incorporate a base salary that looks fairly
               | normal with 2-600k of bonus & incentive comp on top.
               | 
               | In curious Googling to see if there was an explanation
               | for how their structure works, I stumbled on this
               | interesting Glassdoor review:
               | 
               | > The bonus structure promised up to a 100% match with
               | salary, but in practice the system was set up so that
               | nobody got more than 50%, if that. Had I understood this
               | I probably would have taken a competing offer that
               | ultimately would have had much higher comp.
               | 
               | > The quarterly cliff on the bonus system, where a
               | feature failing to ship within the quarter specified
               | (even if just by a single day) was counted as if you
               | hadn't done it at all. This led to death marches each
               | quarter as everyone scrambled to try to finish
               | unrealistic goals. It wasn't possible to get help from
               | anyone else at these times since of course they too had
               | the same problem.
               | 
               | > Nominally, the quarterly goals were set in a
               | collaborative process. In practice it was a 2 day full
               | day meeting where we were told what Moxie had decided we
               | were going to do - our input wasn't really considered at
               | all, including if it was even viable to complete in a
               | quarter. I'm fine with top down control, that's how most
               | corps work, but I disliked the false patina that this was
               | some democratic process.
               | 
               | > Internal communications are a disaster, because Signal
               | uses Signal for everything, including things Signal isn't
               | at all designed for or good at. Bug tracking is literally
               | done in a giant group chat. I have a newfound
               | appreciation for JIRA.
               | 
               | https://www.glassdoor.com/Reviews/Signal-Messenger-
               | Reviews-E...
        
             | notachatbot123 wrote:
             | Even in central Europe $240000 would be way more than what
             | an average engineer would cost. I'd estimate ~$150000 for
             | well paid jobs there.
        
         | thomasjudge wrote:
         | Would be interesting to know exec salaries, the latest
         | nonprofit disclosure I could find was from 2019
        
           | jenny91 wrote:
           | Form 990 from Dec 2021: https://projects.propublica.org/nonpr
           | ofits/organizations/824...
        
         | oconnore wrote:
         | Would you actually want Signal to be cheaping out on the
         | developers that are maintaining the cryptography software that
         | protects millions of people?
         | 
         | Someone with that level of expertise is going to be expensive.
        
       | Aissen wrote:
       | The cloud tax is crazy (especially bandwidth). Pretty sure Signal
       | has reached the scale where they would be cheaper by building
       | their infra, maybe starting with the most expensive (storage +
       | bandwidth), and then doing others.
       | 
       | SMS is (unfortunately) core to the product, so I'm not certain
       | how they could make it cheaper, while retaining the same
       | properties (user+pass registration would be a nightmare for spam
       | and change the UX).
        
         | Rastonbury wrote:
         | Anyone know much does it become worth it to build your own?
         | They spend around $3-4m on storage and bandwidth
        
           | maxfurman wrote:
           | Data centers cost billions. Signal, and pretty much everyone
           | else who isn't already in the data center business, is far
           | away from breakeven on that.
        
             | Symbiote wrote:
             | There are several steps between using AWS and building a
             | datacentre.
             | 
             | - Using similar services from cheaper cloud providers
             | 
             | - Renting VMs
             | 
             | - Renting whole servers
             | 
             | - Renting rack space + power
             | 
             | - Renting larger spaces (many racks, or part or all of a
             | whole floor)
        
             | hotnfresh wrote:
             | The small ISP/phone/cable company I worked for in high
             | school had a data center. Maybe 20 racks. It was pretty
             | damn reliable (old-school phone infra techs knew how to
             | make shit stay "online"). I guarantee it wasn't above the
             | single-digit millions to build, inflation adjusted.
        
               | frakkingcylons wrote:
               | That example of your small telecom company isn't really
               | relevant here, is it? Signal needs to work well for
               | people around the world.
        
               | hotnfresh wrote:
               | You can serve tens to hundreds of millions of messaging
               | clients with data centers (plural) that don't cost
               | _billions_ , even collectively, to build.
        
           | Aachen wrote:
           | > millions upon millions of new people suddenly switched to
           | Signal in January 2021 after WhatsApp updated their Terms of
           | Service
           | 
           | From a footnote of the article. Maybe this is why they've
           | stayed with "infinite scale, infinite costs" (commonly known
           | as "cloud") so long? Surely at some point this is worth
           | considering though, I would also be curious where that point
           | lies
           | 
           | Virtually anyone, also when spending only 100 euros/month on
           | server providers, can save a large percentage of costs by
           | taking it in-house. There might be a gap where you need
           | dedicated personnel and it's briefly cheaper to outsource
           | before you grow and it inverts again, but generally if you've
           | got a stable service then this is nearly always worth it
           | 
           | Maybe a hybrid, where new users onboard onto cloud and they
           | buy hardware for expected loads (i.e. current users), would
           | be the most cost effective. I wonder how hard that is to
           | combine the two worlds, but anything that requires more than
           | one server already has that sort of communication going on so
           | there shouldn't be any real blockers. Maybe the two types of
           | infra add costs/risks again and that's why one rarely sees
           | this setup?
        
             | melbourne_mat wrote:
             | I know AWS - and I would guess the others too - discourage
             | hybrid by setting the egress traffic costs to extreme
             | levels
        
       | poutinepapi wrote:
       | Understood, $7 CAD per month are heading your way since I use
       | Signal quite a bit.
        
         | jdoss wrote:
         | I started paying for Signal when they rolled out the
         | subscription feature at the $5/mo plan and after reading this
         | post, I just moved to the $10/mo plan because of how much I
         | value this service since I use it every day. I hope other users
         | subscribe if they are able to do so.
        
       | narinxas wrote:
       | but what does this mean in terms of VISA vs MasterCard?
        
       | kirbypineapple wrote:
       | I would pay a subscription fee if only to get back SMS
       | capabilities.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | [dupe]
       | 
       | More discussion over here:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38291427
        
       | popol12 wrote:
       | 2 ideas to limit costs: Make it a 2 tier plan: free tier is text
       | and images only, paid tier adds audio/video calls Remove the need
       | for phone number verification
       | 
       | I'd be happy to pay 10 bucks a year for Signal.
        
         | alternatex wrote:
         | They do that and everyone moves to WhatsApp or Telegram. Your
         | comment ignores the whole private chat app landscape.
        
       | ThinkBeat wrote:
       | I am too cynical by far, but Signal being run by an ex-Googler is
       | not at all reassuring me of its long-term commitments to security
       | and privacy.
        
         | nottorp wrote:
         | To be cynical in another direction, if it wasn't run by an ex-
         | Googler it would probably cost 1/3 of what it does now to run
         | it :)
        
       | mushufasa wrote:
       | Every time I hear about Signal's donation notices I start
       | thinking about ways they might generate revenue. I'm sure Signal
       | staff have considered a ton of options already. Anyway,
       | 
       | - can't do personalized ads or geo-specific ads, so doing generic
       | ads wouldn't drive a ton of revenue anyways
       | 
       | - can't require users payment because when payment (most forms,
       | including bitcoin!) can be used to identify people
       | 
       | - No real benefit to themed group chats (like discord nitro)
       | since it doesn't focus on community groups
       | 
       | I'd love for someone to figure this out, though, because a
       | nonprofit structure for an app is not sustainable.
        
       | olah_1 wrote:
       | So charge everyone $2 per month to use it? _shrug_
       | 
       | If you're not going to show how much money you get via donations,
       | I'm not donating. I'm not going to donate more than you actually
       | need, for example.
        
         | bongripper wrote:
         | Signal already has a very hard time competing against the
         | network effects of WhatsApp and Telegram and getting people on
         | the app, a fee would only increase that. But making it n$/year
         | but with the option for an account withiot a phone number like
         | other people are suggesting sounds nice, peace
        
           | AnonHP wrote:
           | > Signal already has a very hard time competing against the
           | network effects of WhatsApp and Telegram
           | 
           | May not be the best thread to say this in, but Signal isn't
           | as good as Telegram and WhatsApp on features. People can be
           | persuaded to switch, but may have different expectations than
           | what Signal can satisfy.
        
         | frivoal wrote:
         | https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/824...
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | Their competitors are free. Charging $2 would make Signal a
         | non-alternative for many of their users, and due to how the
         | network effect works, it would greatly reduce the utility for
         | everybody willing to pay as well.
         | 
         | And that's all without even considering the significant
         | overhead of collecting low-value payments internationally.
        
           | olah_1 wrote:
           | If you have a sustainable business model, you don't _need_
           | the network effects. Threema is fine with a smaller userbase
           | because they have a business model that works.
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | Yes, but Signal and Threema seem to have a pretty different
             | mission.
        
       | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
       | I always wonder why no one ever mentions Session. Is there some
       | defect in its tech, or is it just not a comparable product?
        
         | RunSet wrote:
         | It's an uphill battle. I asked to recommend Session on the
         | privacy subreddit- which the moderators denied because Session
         | lacks a well-documented endorsement from a public figure
         | regarded as an authority with regard to privacy.
         | 
         | That is a non-starter specifically in the context of vetting
         | privacy-enabling software. Anyone got a list of privacy
         | celebrities with enough spare time to vet reddit content?
        
           | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
           | It really comes down to that? Wow.
           | 
           | Thanks for answering though, it really bugged me, and I
           | couldn't find anything on it.
        
             | RunSet wrote:
             | If you ever have nothing better to do, view the revision
             | history on the wikipedia entry for Session Private
             | messenger and witness the petty roadblocks thrown up as
             | objections to allowing it to have an entry.
             | 
             | I'll just say Session had to meet a lot of criteria merely
             | to _have_ a wikipedia entry that Signal 's entry did not
             | meet at the time.
             | 
             | To this day Session's hard-won wikipedia entry is saddled
             | with a "limitations" entry best summarized as "Session is
             | not Signal".
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Session_(software)
        
       | collaborative wrote:
       | FB only wanted whatsapp to preempt a potential competitor. They
       | are happy to give the service for free (at a loss)
       | 
       | There is no room for monetization because of FB. In other words,
       | you can't compete with a monopoly, even if you are in a different
       | business. They simply take all
        
         | newscracker wrote:
         | FB is getting and using some metadata from WhatsApp. FB also
         | said it would be introducing ads in WhatsApp. While WhatsApp
         | may not be raking in a lot of money, it's not a complete loss
         | for Meta either.
        
       | swaraj wrote:
       | Love Signal over Telegram, Wickr, etc.
        
       | Brian_K_White wrote:
       | I am imagining a donate page in the app that incorporates this
       | willingness to be public about the costs.
       | 
       | It offers a way to configure a recurring donation for whatever
       | amount and whatever schedule you want. $100/year for instance,
       | but as you slide the slider or enter a number, it shows you if
       | that number leaves Signal in deficit, covered, or surplus, if all
       | other users who are currently paying anything paid this much.
       | 
       | Instead of just trying to suggest an amount with no explaination
       | of what it means, is $5 still leaving them starving? is $5 5x
       | more generous than needed? You still get to use it for free. But
       | if you are of a mind to be one of the ones chipping in to keep it
       | alive, you see exactly what is the right amount.
       | 
       | When 10k people are paying for 10m other people, that "covered"
       | amount may be pretty high, apparently 5x what the average donater
       | is currently paying. (article says it's 20% of total)
       | 
       | But with that little bit of non-repulsive non-abusive game
       | theory, just honest information but presented in an immediate
       | way, a lot of those other 10m users would start to chip in, and
       | the covered amount would come down. Some users will say, well, I
       | can swallow 5x what I was paying, and others can just leave their
       | donation level in the red. But I think a lot more people would go
       | from 0 to a few bucks if they could see exactly what it means and
       | know that it wasn't a waste.
       | 
       | Maybe the donate function could even have a setting track the
       | current covered value automatically so that your bill
       | automatically comes down as other people start adding to the
       | pool.
       | 
       | Also have it display the 3% or more transaction fee overhead
       | going to the debit card and other payment processors, to show
       | right there graphically how much you're wasting by paying a small
       | amount monthly vs a large amount yearly. Everyone always hides
       | that but I say show it prominently.
        
       | superseeplus wrote:
       | While I would be willing to pay a fee to use Signal, most people
       | won't and then Signal would turn into a deserted landscape full
       | of privacy nerds who only talk with each other. On the other
       | hand, being better at soliciting donations more often would be
       | more helpful. I'm a regular Signal user and didn't even know I
       | could donate.
        
       | NotYourLawyer wrote:
       | Just donated $100. I've gotten way more than $100 of value from
       | them.
        
         | bilal4hmed wrote:
         | If your employer matches don't forget that ... Easy way to
         | double your donation
        
       | amluto wrote:
       | I find this surprising:
       | 
       | > As a small nonprofit organization, we cannot afford to purchase
       | all of the physical computers that are necessary to support
       | everyone who relies on Signal while also placing them in
       | independent data centers around the world. Only a select few of
       | the very largest companies globally are still capable of doing
       | this.
       | 
       | Signal may be "small," but they're spending plenty on this.
       | Registration is expensive and hard to do without using one of the
       | large expensive providers. But there's $7M for servers, storage
       | and bandwidth. These are comparatively easy: servers and storage
       | ( _especially_ for a service like this where availability for the
       | substantial majority of the data is not terribly important) come
       | in nice pre-manufactured boxes that can easily saturate 10Gbps
       | and can store quite a few TB at very very high IOPS. [0]. And the
       | forwarding model isn't very latency sensitive - several hundred
       | ms for most users is _fine_ , and sending media via Signal is
       | quite slow regardless. So having many points of presence doesn't
       | seem terribly important. I bet that two small colocated
       | facilities could cover all of North America quite nicely.
       | 
       | Bandwidth costs outside the cloud world, at least in North
       | America, are comically cheap compared to the major clouds.
       | 
       | [0] A service like Signal ought to need relatively little
       | processing compared to bandwidth and storage for the data plane.
       | AWS and the like may not have a particular good match in their
       | catalog for this use case.
        
       | Maskawanian wrote:
       | I would use Signal, but it ties to a mobile number, that is why I
       | don't use it. Been using Element/Matrix instead. I'd consider
       | switching if I could primarily use it on a Desktop decoupled from
       | a mobile device.
        
       | rob74 wrote:
       | > _she wanted to call attention to how competitors pay these same
       | expenses: either by profiting directly from monetizing users'
       | data or, she argues, by locking users into networks that very
       | often operate with that same corporate surveillance business
       | model._
       | 
       | There is also a third alternative: Threema
       | (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ch.threema.app...)
       | is a privacy-focused messenger app that tries to cover its costs
       | by *gasp* asking for _money_ for the app! But of course those
       | notoriously financially-conservative Swiss can 't hold a candle
       | to Signal, who first decided to give away their app, same as
       | those other messenger-making companies flush with cash, and then
       | found out that supporting all those users who download your free
       | app actually costs money...
        
       | newscracker wrote:
       | This was a nice, detailed read. At some point, Signal would have
       | to move out of cloud providers at least for a few things to
       | manage costs better.
       | 
       | I was happy to note this about employee compensation since paying
       | them well is a good thing apart from their personal motivation to
       | work on this (even at a comparatively lower pay than in other
       | companies/projects):
       | 
       | > When benefits, HR services, taxes, recruiting, and salaries are
       | included, this translates to around $19 million dollars per year.
       | 
       | > We are proud to pay people well. Our goal is to compensate our
       | staff at as close to industry wages as possible within the
       | boundaries of a nonprofit organization.
       | 
       | That said, I really dislike Signal for a few reasons. The first
       | is what many people have already talked about very often --
       | forcing to use a phone number to register. Since the SMS or call
       | costs are quite high, Signal could adopt the iMessage approach to
       | verification, which is having the user send an SMS to the service
       | (this will cost the user some money depending on which country
       | the SMS is sent to). This could be decided based on the country
       | code so that the current SMS OTP model can coexist.
       | 
       | Signal is obstinately user unfriendly on a few aspects on user
       | experience, more so on iOS/iPadOS. Firstly, it refuses to provide
       | a data backup mechanism for iOS/iPadOS. If someone loses their
       | devices, there is no way to restore older messages. Even setting
       | up a new device requires the old device to be in physical
       | proximity to transfer the data. Signal does integrate with
       | CallKit (to act like a phone app) and with Apple's notification
       | services, but refuses to allow the user to backup the data with a
       | password to encrypt it.
       | 
       | Secondly, I found this paragraph in this post to be disingenuous:
       | 
       |  _> Such practices are often accompanied by "growth hacking" and
       | engagement maximization techniques that leverage dark patterns to
       | keep people glued to feeds and notifications. While Signal is
       | also free to use, we reject this kind of manipulation, focusing
       | instead on creating a straightforward interpersonal
       | communications app. We also reject business models that
       | incentivize such practices._
       | 
       | Signal on iOS/iPadOS wants the user to enable notifications and
       | to share contacts. If notifications are disallowed and if
       | contacts upload is disallowed, it will pester every few days
       | about it. One might think this is a silly mistake that Signal
       | isn't aware of. But it was reported some years ago and Signal
       | responded that it will not fix it because it believes this is the
       | only way. [1] Not even an option where this is a toggle for those
       | who want no notifications or don't want to share contacts (Signal
       | does have a toggle for contact joining notifications).
       | 
       | Signal is also not that reliable in delivering messages in a
       | timely manner compared to other apps (the GitHub repo has many
       | repetitive issues on this topic over all these years).
       | 
       | Finally, since Signal has poorer UX in general, which isn't an
       | easy or cheap thing to handle, I use it only with less than a
       | handful of people who I know and who use it.
       | 
       | I'd donate occasionally so that Signal can continue to exist, but
       | I don't feel like supporting it every month with all these
       | issues, some of which look like Signal ignoring the user and UX
       | issues completely.
       | 
       | Edit: Removed some hard words.
       | 
       | [1]: https://github.com/signalapp/Signal-
       | iOS/issues/4590#issue-72...
        
         | Y-bar wrote:
         | > Firstly, it refuses to provide a data backup mechanism for
         | iOS/iPadOS. If someone loses their devices, there is no way to
         | restore older messages.
         | 
         | This is not the only case where Signal has decided that users
         | should not be in control of their own data. For example an
         | Apple Store or authorised repair shop may need to reset the
         | phone, or an OS upgrade goes badly and needs a restore will
         | also lead to data loss even if there is a full local encrypted
         | backup made.
         | 
         | It is really orthogonal to the much of what Signal claims to
         | stand for them to so boneheadedly insist that users should not
         | be allowed to own and control their own data.
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | They could use a free plus subscription model for really pro
       | features, like "extra privacy", "faster sending speed", "create
       | bigger group rooms", these are bad features but you get it
        
         | YeBanKo wrote:
         | As soon as there is "extra privacy" for a premium, I would
         | ditch Signal immediately. It's either provate and secure or
         | it's not. Certain things cannot be half measured.
        
           | eviks wrote:
           | Or the extra privacy could be the current misfeature where
           | you can't properly sync messages across devices. No reason to
           | ditch over that?
        
           | BlueTemplar wrote:
           | Not having to rely on a phone number would be extra privacy.
           | 
           | They are stuck with SMS though _because_ it 's a costly...
           | signal that prevents spam.
           | 
           | (Sounds like an opportunity ??)
           | 
           | But then this might solve the funding issue for them, but
           | being tied to most payment systems would only somewhat
           | improve the situation for the users.
           | 
           | I understand now why they dabbled with cryptocurrencies
           | (Monero having proved that these can be anonymous short of
           | having NSA levels of computing power ?). I haven't been
           | keeping up, how did that work out ?
        
       | nottorp wrote:
       | Ok, have they decoupled my identity from my phone number yet?
       | 
       | I mean, to donate to them I'd have to use it. I don't need
       | another WhatsApp.
        
         | contact9879 wrote:
         | almost, usernames and phone number privacy are in testing now
        
           | AnonHP wrote:
           | That's only phone number privacy from other users.
           | Registration would still require a phone number, which is
           | what GP seems to be unhappy about.
        
             | nottorp wrote:
             | I don't see the point of all that encryption when the ends
             | of a conversation are tied to publicly available info like
             | a phone number.
             | 
             | Do you think $SECRET_POLICE will care that they can't
             | decrypt my messages when they know I have exchanged said
             | messages with a known dissident's phone number?
             | 
             | $SECRET_POLICE doesn't do innocent until proven guilty.
        
               | contact9879 wrote:
               | Signal's design for usernames and phone number privacy
               | means they won't know
               | 
               | Also, dissidents aren't the only (and definitely not the
               | primary) intended users for Signal
        
       | akprasad wrote:
       | I just donated $10 to Signal. Here's how to do so on iPhone in
       | less than a minute:
       | 
       | 1. Open Signal and click on your user icon in the upper left.
       | 
       | 2. Go to "Settings" --> "Donate to Signal".
       | 
       | 3. Click "Donate", select your donation options, and pay with
       | Apple Pay.
        
         | olejorgenb wrote:
         | Does this entail a 30% cut to Apple/Google?
        
           | bilal4hmed wrote:
           | https://support.signal.org/hc/en-
           | us/articles/360031949872-Do...
           | 
           | Easy google , but no it doesn't
        
             | aendruk wrote:
             | #cut
        
           | smolyeet wrote:
           | Does it matter. 70% of something is better than 100% of
           | nothing.
        
         | mplanchard wrote:
         | I've got a recurring donation of $5/mo I set up ages ago
        
           | Melting_Harps wrote:
           | > I've got a recurring donation of $5/mo I set up ages ago
           | 
           | Thanks for that, I did a one off 300 euro donation back in
           | '21 during the bubble market; Meredith has been doing the
           | rounds [0] and she hits on lots of good points, and even went
           | to the UK over their now failed bill during the Summer.
           | 
           | 0: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykfABSBeAVo
        
           | niuzeta wrote:
           | Me too! Set it up once and forget. I love their work and
           | Unlike any other charity/nonprofit that I've donated to, they
           | never bother me any further.
        
         | godelski wrote:
         | Also a reminder, your work might have a donation matching
         | system. All the major tech companies do, so you can really
         | boost your effect.
        
         | nurple wrote:
         | I guess maybe I'm missing the purported point of signal,
         | attaching your phone number to use it notwithstanding, but
         | attaching payment identity to it as well? Like, what's the
         | point of going through the pain required to use it?
        
           | Krasnol wrote:
           | Signal is not for anonymity.
           | 
           | It's for security.
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | It is not meant as a anonymous messager, but an encrypted
           | one, you can trust to not sell you out.
        
           | chimeracoder wrote:
           | > I guess maybe I'm missing the purported point of signal,
           | attaching your phone number to use it notwithstanding, but
           | attaching payment identity to it as well? Like, what's the
           | point of going through the pain required to use it?
           | 
           | Your payment info is not connected to your account.
           | 
           | https://support.signal.org/hc/en-
           | us/articles/360031949872-Do...
        
           | nerdbert wrote:
           | Most people using Signal - and particularly most people
           | likely to donate - are not using it to hide their identities,
           | but to decrease the chance of unknown parties reading their
           | conversations. My Signal account has my full name on it, and
           | checking my top contacts, most of them do too (some only have
           | their first name).
        
         | hgomersall wrote:
         | There doesn't seem to be a way to pay annually, which I'd
         | prefer to a monthly payment. PS5/month is just a little high,
         | but I'd merrily pay half that or PS30/year.
        
         | qwerpy wrote:
         | I had an old Apple Store & iTunes gift card laying around so I
         | redeemed it and attempted to use it to donate via Apple Pay,
         | but get "Apple Account - Not enabled for in app payments".
         | Google isn't very helpful about exactly why. Am I missing some
         | KYC somewhere or are payments of this type prohibited from
         | "Apple Account" balances?
        
         | denysvitali wrote:
         | So you donated to Apple too in the process?
        
         | Vicinity9635 wrote:
         | Thanks, I just setup a $5 a month donation.
         | 
         | Love what signal's doing for the world.
        
         | marssaxman wrote:
         | Thanks for the suggestion; I just signed up for the $5/month
         | plan. I have been using Signal for years, but never considered
         | donating anything before.
        
       | YeBanKo wrote:
       | Nothing seems out of the ordinary in terms of costs. But there
       | some features that would be pertinent to their core mission of
       | providing a secure messenger, and stories and payments aren't
       | some of those. Stories button takes up half of the bottom
       | navigation bar, I have not seen anyone using that feature. Their
       | non-product approach is what prevents men from becoming a
       | recurring donors. They are finally testing a build with
       | usernames, but it has been long over due.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related: https://www.wired.com/story/signal-operating-costs/
       | 
       | (via https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38291490, but we merged
       | the comments hither)
        
       | ilaksh wrote:
       | I donated $5.
        
       | mortallywounded wrote:
       | I don't understand how storage can cost a million dollars when
       | they don't store anything. Even if messages are queued, how do
       | you get millions of dollars in queued storage? It's hard for me
       | to imagine... even if you receive and send trillions of messages
       | I don't think you would end up storing much at all.
       | 
       | As for registration fees, it sounds like they should use
       | authenticator instead of SMS... and stop requiring a phone number
       | to sign up. That is why I left Signal (went with Matrix). I don't
       | see why _anyone_ would want to tie their Signal to a phone. If
       | you value privacy, why would you do that?
       | 
       | Servers cost seems excessive as well. I don't believe you need
       | that many servers, even if you served a boat load of requests.
       | 
       | As for bandwidth.. okay, that may be the case. I am not sure how
       | you can get that cost down.
        
         | AnonHP wrote:
         | > Even if messages are queued, how do you get millions of
         | dollars in queued storage? It's hard for me to imagine...
         | 
         | The details are there in this post, but I can offer a few
         | guesses. Users may be using multiple devices. And the service
         | has to deliver to all the linked devices before ejecting the
         | message from its storage. The time limit for storing and
         | waiting for linked devices to come online is about a month.
         | With tens of millions of users, this could add up.
        
           | mortallywounded wrote:
           | Even if every user had dozens of queued up messages, I don't
           | think it equals millions in storage costs. Maybe I'm naive,
           | but I have a storage/database/queue with billions of records
           | and it costs <$700/month.
           | 
           |  _shrugs_
        
       | charles_f wrote:
       | You have to appreciate the complete transparency, gently nudging
       | towards giving without ever begging for it.
       | 
       | Refreshing compared to the alternative that Wikipedia is showing,
       | with the tantrum-like emails we receive from their CEO like "LAST
       | REMINDER" or "We've had enough" ; which they ironically send to
       | people who gave.
        
         | GabeIsko wrote:
         | Those are just non-profit fundraiser consulting tactics. Don't
         | take them personally, just ignore them. The reason they exist
         | is that Wikipedia has too much money, so they spend some on
         | consultants who say they can raise more. It's weird, but that's
         | how the world works.
         | 
         | I would much prefer the Wikipedia endowment model of non-profit
         | orgs. They have a standard operating procedure with a
         | predictable budget, and endowment that let's them run
         | indefinitely, and we just have to suffer through pledge drives.
         | I just block them with ublock filters. I gave them 6 dollars
         | back in 2012, and according to their marketing that is enough
         | for life.
        
           | wpietri wrote:
           | > Don't take them personally
           | 
           | No. They are meant to manipulate me personally, as well as
           | other persons I care about. I will take them personally.
           | 
           | More broadly, I don't have to excuse bad behavior just
           | because somebody's making money off it or because it makes
           | some too-narrow metric go up. Yes, it's a complex and
           | imperfect world. But to me that's a reason to work harder to
           | make things better, not a reason for people to say, "fuck it"
           | and make the world worse.
        
             | charles_f wrote:
             | > They are meant to manipulate me personally, as well as
             | other persons I care about. I will take them personally.
             | 
             | This, absolutely! they play on people's psyche and mental
             | cabling by trying to guilt you in the same way your parent
             | would ; it's manipulative, and I have an absolute hatred
             | for these tactics.
        
               | dheera wrote:
               | I'm good at detecting manipulation now, and the more
               | someone _tries_ to manipulate me the less I will give in.
               | 
               | I just put my money toward people who don't do that crap,
               | and I want the manipulators to see that I'm giving money
               | to their non-manipulating competitors.
        
             | GabeIsko wrote:
             | I'm not saying they are not wrong - it's unfortunate that
             | there is a second hand market for fundraising consulting.
             | It doesn't accomplish anything productive, yet here we are.
             | The key point is to understand that this is caused by
             | Wikipedia having too much funding, not too little. As
             | internet denizens, we can be proud that an open source
             | store of knowledge has money to blow on wasteful
             | consulting, and then proceed to create our ublock filters
             | worry free.
             | 
             | This is different than what is currently going on with
             | venture backed services like reddit and youtube. I would
             | argue that we should block ads there too, but there it is
             | an arms race where we have to consider ways to protect
             | ourselves from encroaching privacy violations. It's much
             | ruder, and that is something we should actually be mad at.
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | > Those are just non-profit fundraiser consulting tactics.
           | Don't take them personally, just ignore them.
           | 
           | I don't take them personally, of course, but they do
           | encourage me to avoid forking over any money.
        
           | tivert wrote:
           | > Those are just non-profit fundraiser consulting tactics.
           | Don't take them personally, just ignore them. The reason they
           | exist is that Wikipedia has too much money, so they spend
           | some on consultants who say they can raise more. It's weird,
           | but that's how the world works.
           | 
           | It's still shitty, even if it's a shitty "standard practice"
           | and not a shitty thing being done to me particularly.
           | 
           | Honestly, it seems like Wikipedia's goodwill is seen as an
           | exploitable resource, that people in Wikimedia are using to
           | do other, unnecessary things (probably building little
           | personal fiefdoms).
           | 
           | Sort of like Mozilla, actually. IIRC, they literally won't
           | let you give them money to fund Firefox development, and any
           | donations you give them go fiefdoms almost certainty entirely
           | unrelated to why you gave them money.
        
         | halyconWays wrote:
         | Wikipedia is particularly insulting because they make enough
         | money to cover the actual costs of running Wikipedia (the site)
         | in days if not hours, and could operate for years without any
         | additional donations:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32840097
        
           | mhh__ wrote:
           | Is that including staff + trying to do new stuff or just the
           | servers.
        
             | _Algernon_ wrote:
             | Why should Wikipedia do new stuff? Or rather, why is it
             | okay for Wikipedia to _lie_ to people to get funding for
             | their new pet projects?
        
               | qingcharles wrote:
               | Some of those new projects are directly applicable to
               | potentially improving Wikipedia. Some.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | > Why should Wikipedia do new stuff?
               | 
               | Because it's not perfect yet?
               | 
               | The point of Wikipedia is not to have some servers
               | ticking over. The project has a vision: "Imagine a world
               | in which every single human being can freely share in the
               | sum of all knowledge."
               | 
               | I agree it's not ok for them to lie, and am bothered
               | enough by their dubious fundraising tactics that I
               | stopped donating. But that's a totally separate concern
               | than whether Wikipedia's mission is complete.
        
               | starttoaster wrote:
               | What is the mission for Wikipedia beyond doing what they
               | already do, which is just hosting the largest internet
               | encyclopedia? Purely curious because I thought Wikipedia
               | was pretty much at its end game for what it wants to
               | accomplish that is the job of the organization rather
               | than the job of all of its volunteers.
        
             | karaterobot wrote:
             | It includes staff, but not new stuff. The new stuff seems
             | to be mostly things not directly related to Wikipedia, like
             | funding third-party projects or causes. I'm trying to be
             | politic here: many people don't like the projects they are
             | funding with donation money, and others just don't like
             | that they give money to any projects, and other people
             | don't like that they keep the banner up after they've paid
             | for salaries and keeping the lights on.
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | And others, like me, resent any hard-sell tactic and
               | won't give money to anybody using them.
        
           | MrDresden wrote:
           | Is it personally insulting to you that a completely free high
           | quality services sometimes ask if you want to donate what
           | ever small amount you'd like?
           | 
           | You'll be proper mad when you realize how much money that
           | other company, whom you regularly pay for access to their
           | services, has in the bank.
        
       | vander_elst wrote:
       | 19M for ~50 people is quite a good compensation
        
       | nwellinghoff wrote:
       | Wish they provided some numbers of actual messages, type etc. per
       | day. Seems like a good game plan would be.
       | 
       | 1) Get off the major cloud providers that charge insane egress
       | fees. 2) Remove SMS verification. A simple solution might be the
       | app gives you a code and then you dial in to them and punch in
       | the code to them. Like a reverse voice based authentication. 3)
       | Remove voice and video calling for non donating users. 3) Remove
       | media texting until both users allow a p2p connection. 4) Remove
       | no contact list message hosting for non donating users.
       | 
       | Lot of unpleasant trade offs there. But I would rank having a
       | text based private messaging app as the top feature. Everything
       | else is a "very" nice to have. I applaud what they are doing and
       | the sacrifices that have been made so far.
        
         | rando_person_1 wrote:
         | does the dial-in suggestion work? Seems like spoofing phone
         | numbers is trivial, while spoofing numbers for inbound SMS is
         | harder.
        
         | jpollock wrote:
         | About the SMS verification, it depends on the goal. If the goal
         | is to verify a phone number, you can't trust the _sender's_
         | address in the phone network.
         | 
         | So, you can't trust the address in the "From" on an SMS or the
         | "From" of a phone call.
         | 
         | That means a voice call to Signal would not work to validate
         | phone numbers.
        
           | nwellinghoff wrote:
           | Good point, I guess we are proving why the resorted to using
           | numbers in the first place. Unless you have a verification
           | point that includes a "charge". Indirect or direct, your
           | platform gets flooded with spam/bots. Does anyone have ideas
           | of how this problem can be solved while also preserving
           | privacy?
           | 
           | Problem: A system that enforces a monetary penalty to prevent
           | sign up abuse while also not tying a users identity to said
           | system.
           | 
           | Without doing some pain in the a crypto stuff it seems like
           | there are no easy solutions other than the #
        
         | forgotusername6 wrote:
         | You can charge for SMS. You send a message to signal, charged
         | at an amount to cover the return message which contains a code.
        
         | hnlmorg wrote:
         | > Get off the major cloud providers that charge insane egress
         | fees
         | 
         | At on demand prices, yeah. But companies of sufficient demand
         | can enter into volume discount programmes.
        
         | jahabrewer wrote:
         | > Get off the major cloud providers that charge insane egress
         | fees.
         | 
         | And run their own DCs? Cool, they'll just need a lot of upfront
         | capital aaaaaand they're back in the "need money" boat. Except
         | more so.
        
           | heavyset_go wrote:
           | There's a ton of options between paying premium cloud prices
           | on egress and running your own data centers.
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | Removing essential features like voice/video calling for non-
         | paying users would be a terrible choice IMHO. This is a
         | communication app, which means it is only useful if others use
         | it too.
         | 
         | And how are you going to convince others to pay for Signal when
         | there are many free alternatives, including WhatsApp, which
         | most people already have and while not as privacy focused as
         | Signal, does have end-to-end encryption. If Signal makes people
         | pay for voice calls, they will simply use WhatsApp, regular
         | phone calls, or whatever is free and popular at the moment.
         | 
         | The success of Signal came from being very low friction,
         | privacy is the "nice to have" feature, at least for most users.
         | But add friction and they will look elsewhere, Signal is not
         | WhatsApp, it doesn't have enough of a critical mass to keep
         | users on its network.
         | 
         | All that will remain will be a small core of cypherpunks and
         | people who _really_ have something to hide. This is bad because
         | one strength of Signal is that it is a mainstream app, making
         | it hard to single out  "interesting" people compared to those
         | who just use it because their geek friend told them to and they
         | like the shade of blue.
        
           | nwellinghoff wrote:
           | Valid but if there is no model that is sustainable then who
           | cares if its successful? Some trade offs will have to be
           | made. How can they keep going if the vast majority of people
           | don't pay? They don't have the model of "ok we are going to
           | flip and monetize after we get to X mass". Its like a growth
           | startup but with no end game plan.
        
             | GuB-42 wrote:
             | Call to donations, ads, pre-mined cryptocurrencies, selling
             | cosmetics, premium features no free service offers,
             | partnering with other organizations, etc...
             | 
             | They already do some of these, and some are less popular
             | than others, but the key is to keep the essential features
             | free and easy.
             | 
             | On Discord for instance, a free account is enough to cover
             | all of most people needs, but you get a little extra by
             | paying a subscription, and it is enough for Discord to be
             | worth billions. Maybe not the perfect example since Discord
             | has a critical mass, but no one wants to leave just because
             | they don't have premium features (larger uploads, higher
             | resolution streaming, flashy emoji) for free.
             | 
             | For Signal, it seems like just calling for donations is
             | enough. They have a good image, so they can do that. It can
             | actually be a solid business plan, look at Wikipedia, they
             | get more than $100M a year doing that despite the
             | controversy.
        
       | dpc_01234 wrote:
       | Signal should be able to bring in some revenue other than
       | donations. Premium features that don't compromise the privacy?
       | Premium stickers? Extended emojis only if one paid $1 etc.?
        
       | vlovich123 wrote:
       | I feel like investing in p2p approaches and having people donate
       | spare server capacity might be better. For example, relay calling
       | was p2p in the original Skype and worked well. Apple private
       | relay is a similar concept whereby there are two intermediaries
       | to make things private. It gets trickier since in mobile land you
       | can't run servers really, but I feel like the Signal population
       | has enough spare capacity to offload bandwidth and stuff and
       | could be an easier sell than "please give us money".
       | 
       | For the sms verification, I feel like forcing the requester to do
       | some bitcoin mining for you could potentially pay for itself.
        
       | siliconc0w wrote:
       | Can they require users to send them a SMS instead for
       | verification or that more easily spoofed?
        
       | greyface- wrote:
       | An entirely peer-to-peer instant messaging network, which doesn't
       | rely on a central authority, is technically possible. A $50M/yr
       | burn rate to implement that authority as an act of charity is
       | simply unsustainable. Why do we insist on continuing down this
       | path?
       | 
       | Attempts to decentralize or federate Signal are met with
       | hostility. The Signal Foundation tells us that this is the only
       | possible way; "the ecosystem is moving", and we must exist in
       | competition with commercial offerings, rather than build
       | something small, sustainable, and decentralized. This is great,
       | until the AWS bill is due.
        
         | contact9879 wrote:
         | Because peer-to-peer messaging is not a solved issue. People
         | want asynchronous conversations and not have to expose their
         | location to everyone they talk to.
         | 
         | There are other platforms that are working on federated e2ee
         | services (it's not easy. matrix was completely broken a year
         | ago).
        
           | greyface- wrote:
           | I'm not suggesting that it's a solved problem, but it's a
           | solvable problem, and the Signal Foundation should be using
           | its (significant) resources to solve it, rather than slowly
           | bleeding them out to AWS, GCP, Azure, and Twilio.
           | Unfortunately, solving that problem also significantly
           | reduces the scope of the Foundation, so there's little
           | incentive.
        
       | melbourne_mat wrote:
       | Total salary bill: $20m. 50 staff so average salary: $400k. I'd
       | be happy with $200k USD - that's more than I get paid in my
       | country at current exchange rates.
        
         | cfn wrote:
         | Probably includes taxes, social security, health insurance, etc
        
         | nonameiguess wrote:
         | I've actually posted Signal's tax return before, but a great
         | thing about US nonprofits is the tax return is publicly
         | available from the IRS website:
         | https://apps.irs.gov/pub/epostcard/cor/824506840_202012_990_...
         | 
         | The last one available is from 2020, though. They tend to lag a
         | few years behind. They're required to report key employees plus
         | top-five compensated who aren't "key." Brian Acton and Meredith
         | Whittaker both earn no salary at all. Their COO got $290 in
         | 2020. Moxie Marlinspike and their top five developers/managers
         | were all in the 400-600 range.
         | 
         | I'm sure they pay well (don't have much choice if you're going
         | to be based in San Francisco), but I highly doubt 400 is an
         | average salary. The expense being reported is total cost of
         | employment, which includes FICA taxes paid by the employer,
         | 401k matches, and probably most notably healthcare, but all
         | benefits and in-kind compensation.
        
           | hiatus wrote:
           | > The expense being reported is total cost of employment,
           | which includes FICA taxes paid by the employer, 401k matches,
           | and probably most notably healthcare, but all benefits and
           | in-kind compensation.
           | 
           | This is incorrect, reportable compensation on a 990 is the
           | amount in box 5 of the employee's W-2, which does not include
           | health insurance, taxes, etc.
           | 
           | https://www.irs.gov/charities-non-profits/exempt-
           | organizatio...
        
       | wolverine876 wrote:
       | It's amazing what they produce with their headcount:
       | 
       |  _First, we have three distinct client teams, one for each
       | platform (Android, Desktop, and iOS). These teams are constantly
       | working: adjusting to operating system updates, building new
       | features, and making sure the app works on a wide variety of
       | devices and hardware configurations. We also have dedicated
       | engineering teams that handle the development and maintenance of
       | the Signal Server and all of its infrastructure, our calling
       | libraries like RingRTC, and core libraries like libsignal. These
       | also need constant development and monitoring._
       | 
       |  _Product and design teams help shape the future of the app and
       | determine how it will look and function, while our localization
       | team coordinates translation efforts across more than sixty
       | languages. We even have a full-time, in-house support group that
       | interfaces with people who use Signal and provides detailed
       | technical feedback and real-time troubleshooting information to
       | every other team. This is an essential function, particularly at
       | Signal, because we don't collect analytics or telemetry data
       | about how people are using Signal._
       | 
       | --------
       | 
       | How many people does it take to perform all that?
       | 
       |  _In total, around 50 full-time employees currently work on
       | Signal ..._
       | 
       | !
        
       | rglullis wrote:
       | Does anyone else think that this strategy of growing the userbase
       | with a "free" product and then start panhandling for donations is
       | outright dishonest?
       | 
       | There are tons of smaller XMPP or Matrix providers that didn't
       | get access to millions in funding from these big corporations
       | like Signal did. Who have to run a business in a way that
       | requires paying customers from the start. But now that cash is
       | tight (and _after_ they built a sizable user base) and they can
       | no longer just outspend the competition, suddenly they remind you
       | of TANSTAAFL and are asking you to cough up the cash.
       | 
       | It is the same shitty playbook used by VC-funded companies,
       | except that is now dressed as some virtuous thing of "looked at
       | how much it cost to build all this..." It makes some emotional
       | appeal but it tries to hide from the audience that these costs
       | are solely due to them insisting on controlling everything.
       | 
       | If it is so expensive to run Signal, then _open it up_ to let
       | other people run their own servers instead of trying to control
       | everything. Don 't give me this bullshit of "we are a non-profit
       | but we are in the same lane of big tech corporations". You are
       | there because it served you. You can not have it both ways.
        
         | discard124 wrote:
         | > open it up to let other people run their own servers instead
         | of trying to control everything.
         | 
         | If you know of a good open architecture that solves the
         | problems of spam and impersonation while maintaining the
         | convenience and ease of use necessary for mass adoption, please
         | share it.
        
           | rglullis wrote:
           | I could get my parents who are nearing their 70s to use
           | Element (Matrix) and it took them less than 10 minutes, even
           | with me asking them to register to a non-default homeserver.
           | 
           | Screw "convenience". It's a poison pill. "Convenience" should
           | never be put above "resilience" (not to mention "freedom") in
           | a value scale. The American obsession with "convenience" is
           | turning us all into cattle and it's getting harder and harder
           | to get the rest of society to function without being
           | controlled by some corporate overlord.
        
             | discard124 wrote:
             | With all due respect, it seems that you have conceded that
             | a convenient, spam free, open option not only doesn't exist
             | in practice, but can't in principle.
             | 
             | That's more than even I believe. I just think nobody in the
             | OSS space has put the work in to figure it out yet.
             | 
             | > I could get my parents who are nearing their 70s to use
             | Element (Matrix) and it took them less than 10 minutes,
             | even with me asking them to register to a non-default
             | homeserver.
             | 
             | Well in that case Element would be the solution we're
             | looking for, except that not everyone's parents have
             | someone like you to help them.
             | 
             | And as for the desire for convenience, it's hard to imagine
             | you seriously believe that only Americans value convenience
             | over resilience. If that were true, the rest of the world
             | would be using Element rather than WhatsApp.
             | 
             | Simply railing against people's needs doesn't change them.
        
       | wolverine876 wrote:
       | Support for Signal development supports all privacy-oriented
       | software and systems, because Signal is open source.
       | 
       | The Signal Protocol already is an industry standard. What other
       | Signal development - either the components, the code, or the
       | concepts - are used by others?
        
         | contact9879 wrote:
         | The only issue I'm aware of is that _The Signal Protocol_ is
         | only really defined in Signal 's GPL'd code. So it's almost
         | impossible to write a clean room implementation (e.g. Wire
         | tried and ultimately failed. they ended up also GPL-ing their
         | library).
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | It's used by many major services, such as WhatsApp. How could
           | it be that hard to define and implement?
        
       | xor25519 wrote:
       | Given the few fees, what about charging/giving the option to pay
       | $1/year? Whatsapp had this in practice before they got acquired.
        
       | tamimio wrote:
       | >Privacy
       | 
       | That's a very bold statement from an app that still requires a
       | phone number using a broken protocol (gsm) to "verify" your
       | identity and authenticate it, sim swap attacks can be carried out
       | by kids these days. Also, don't expect privacy when you are using
       | a proprietary OS like iOS or one full of Google services that
       | also have proprietary firmware drivers, they (the adversaries)
       | don't need to even decrypt these "privacy apps" when it's easier
       | to access the backdoor-ed OS or hardware, but enjoy the illusion
       | in the meantime.
        
         | contact9879 wrote:
         | I'm always intrigued by people that have this POV. Security and
         | privacy are not binary for fucks sake. Improvement on the
         | status quo is great and Signal improves a hell of a lot.
         | 
         | Not to mention that half of your comment is non-issues.
        
           | dingnuts wrote:
           | there's a big social cost to trying to get others to use
           | Signal, and it's not worth it if the advertised features
           | don't work as advertised..
           | 
           | that said I stopped using Signal years ago because of basic
           | deliverability being less reliable than SMS.. I switched back
           | to SMS so I could communicate reliably with a loved one
           | during an emergency when Signal randomly stopped letting me
           | respond to messages, and I won't pay the social cost twice of
           | trying to convince contacts to use it after having to abandon
           | the service when I really needed it.
           | 
           | Actually between Element and Signal and the differences
           | between their usability as advertised versus the reality of
           | using them with non-technical users, I've used up all of my
           | social capital for convincing people to use "better" networks
           | and mostly just use SMS/RCS now.
        
             | contact9879 wrote:
             | I understand that. Signal has put in a lot of work since I
             | started using it fulltime and is much more reliable now
             | than it was just 2-4 years ago. The only time I've had
             | issues now is when I'm backpacking in areas with spotty
             | connection. SMS delivers quicker and is more reliable.
        
           | tamimio wrote:
           | Right, so instead of 20 entities tracking you for example now
           | you 18.. the false sense of privacy is far more dangerous
           | than knowing your messages are not private (Like when Tucker
           | Carlson used Signal thinking it was private to find later all
           | his messages were not, regardless if it was a bugged app or
           | an OS, the false sense of privacy is worse, he probably won't
           | texted those on iMessage for example). Same argument you can
           | see with "vpn is private and we keep no logs because you can
           | trust us!" plus it can be defeated with browser
           | fingerprinting, or paying a hefty price for this "top private
           | email" provider when the recipient doesn't even use any
           | privacy settings or anything let alone email as a protocol is
           | not meant to be private, it's all a business model, and the
           | gullible buys it, you "have" to trust that Signal server is
           | not backdoor-ed in real time, and as the old rule in
           | security, if you can access the physical hardware you can in
           | theory access anything in there, you don't know the hardware
           | is used there, is there any memory injection exploit that get
           | activated after the so called audits? You can't know, you
           | have to trust that.
        
             | contact9879 wrote:
             | I'm honestly interested in what your solution for private
             | communication is that will also get mass adoption among
             | hundreds of millions of users. (And it's definitely not
             | running your own XMPP server and getting everyone to switch
             | to Linux phones).
        
       | jzb wrote:
       | I'll probably donate, but I find it annoying that Signal only
       | offers Linux packages for Debian-based distros. I've had
       | headaches with the Flatpak. I would think that the Linux desktop
       | audience - while not huge - would be the most interested in
       | Signal. That is, might not be a lot of Linux users but
       | percentage-wise I'd bet more Linux users are interested in Signal
       | than macOS or Windows users.
       | 
       | Even an AppImage would be lovely.
        
         | NoGravitas wrote:
         | The Flatpak works fine for me on Fedora, though of course it's
         | an Electron app, and it periodically has to be re-connected if
         | I don't use it much.
        
           | fourstepper wrote:
           | Seconded, the Flatpak is the way to go.
        
         | zucker42 wrote:
         | Signal Desktop is available in the Arch repositories.
         | https://archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/signal-desktop/
        
           | jzb wrote:
           | That would be very helpful... if I ran Arch.
        
       | NorwegianDude wrote:
       | Paying over 100 USD per 1 TB of data transfer is just stupidly
       | expensive. That's insane pricing...
        
       | godelski wrote:
       | Just a reminder, many of the places you work will match your
       | donations.
       | 
       | Edit: Not sure why people downvoted this. Boss, is that you? I'm
       | increasing my donation.
        
       | Funes- wrote:
       | P2P alternatives are less convenient (always on to deal with
       | notifications, adding contacts typically requires extra steps,
       | etcetera), but the difference in costs is abysmal. In any case,
       | it's been years since I've tried to make my social circles move
       | to any of those platforms (Briar, for example). It's a losing
       | battle.
        
       | sneak wrote:
       | It's somewhat puzzling that Signal doesn't let me donate with
       | Mobilecoin.
        
         | daedalus_j wrote:
         | Tells you how much faith they have in that "feature".... I'd
         | love to see some usage numbers on it, and perhaps removal of it
         | when it turns out the usage is near zero... (Or maybe I'm
         | totally wrong, which would be interesting too!)
        
           | sneak wrote:
           | If they remove it, it would render several hundred dollars I
           | have in that wallet inaccessible without extra work on my
           | part.
           | 
           | Usage numbers are not possible because Signal doesn't include
           | spyware in the app. There is no indication which transactions
           | on chain came from the Signal app or any other app.
        
       | rvba wrote:
       | I always wonder what is the level of safety of Signal fron state
       | level actors. Signal uses telephone numbers as user IDs + sends
       | those verification SMS. Also 50 employees? So how many are
       | monitoring the infaratructure 24/7 (on a side note, a project
       | with 50 employees is probably still better than those with
       | thousands - what do those people even do).
       | 
       | If the data leaks somehow, telephone number as ID sounds very
       | bad.
        
       | coyotespike wrote:
       | This was the nudge I needed - super easy to donate $5 a month via
       | the app using Apple Pay.
        
         | james_pm wrote:
         | Same. I'd donated here and there in the past, but I easily get
         | $7CAD/month of usage and would be sad if it didn't exist.
        
       | mikece wrote:
       | If Signal drops the requirement to have a phone number I'll
       | support them with money. If they allow me to change the name of a
       | contact to what makes sense to me, I'll donate again. Follow the
       | example of Session on this!
        
       | conductr wrote:
       | I'm seeing all the comments about the $6m Twilio expense, but
       | nothing commenting on how their cost per employee is $380,000
       | totaling $19m. I think they could optimize this easier if the
       | will was there. I know HN is very SV/tech centric, and that
       | number makes sense there given the run up of VC money, etc. but
       | I'm willing to bet they could source talent from cheaper places
       | and slash this in half; if they wanted to. Just an observation,
       | not my place to tell anyone how to run their business, but for a
       | nonprofit that is trying to drum up donations to fund their
       | operations, I'd think they would want to be leaner.
        
         | websap wrote:
         | If you want to hire the best talent - engineering and ethics,
         | you need to pay top dollar. 380k is senior engineer comp at
         | most FAANG adjacent companies. It's not a lot.
        
           | conductr wrote:
           | This is SV tech logic that I mentioned. I'm just not usually
           | of the opinion it's necessary. There's a lot of talent around
           | the world. And I'd guess only a few really "top talent" folks
           | are needed to build the unusual problems/cryptographic parts
           | of their app. A lot of it could likely be build by an average
           | dev with some oversight.
           | 
           | I say this as a person that regularly and successfully hires
           | devs from low COL areas. I know the common pitfalls of it and
           | know it's completely possible to manage and get high quality
           | outcomes. It requires a management approach that's slightly
           | different than having 100% top tier talent from high COL
           | areas but it's possible all the same.
        
         | wg0 wrote:
         | Craftsmen's compensation is a non negotiable matter IMHO.
         | 
         | It's not someone's fault if they happen to live in a particular
         | economic climate.
         | 
         | The real root cause isn't the engineering or infrastructure
         | cost.
         | 
         | It is about people paying their fair share myself included.
        
         | 0xjmp wrote:
         | This idea that an equivalent level of talent to SV is readily
         | available in Indiana or Costa Rica for cheaper pay is deeply
         | flawed.
        
           | pzo wrote:
           | OP didn't mentioned to slash salaries just by half not by
           | 75%. Most IT people in western countries in Europe are not
           | making even 200k per year. Even in London is hard to get 120k
           | unless you maybe working as a contractor.
           | 
           | A lot of those SV talents are not american but migrated from
           | europe or elsewhere - there are still talented people in EU
           | who just simply don't want to move to USA these days even if
           | salaries are at least 2x. You wouldn't have a problem finding
           | real talent in eastern europe for 150k.
        
         | bzbz wrote:
         | This number includes taxes, benefits, etc, not just raw salary.
         | 
         | Notably Signal employees do not get equity, so the salary must
         | be higher to remain competitive.
         | 
         | Signal is probably the hardest class of product to build. Name
         | an optimization/distributed systems problem, they probably have
         | it. And quite literally, a Signal bug could jeopardize an
         | activist/journalist's life.
         | 
         | So for a <$200k salary and no equity, how many world-class
         | engineers do you think you could hire?
         | 
         | I simply wouldn't trust the product, if it had mediocre
         | engineers.
        
         | benreesman wrote:
         | It grinds my gears when people on a hacker forum lobby for
         | hackers to make less.
         | 
         | When it's people who are running a worldwide communications
         | network on the cheap without getting hacked all the time?
         | Absolute pros.
         | 
         | I don't downvote, let alone flag, but I hate this comment.
        
           | mlboss wrote:
           | Think from the perspective of the non profit. $19m/year is a
           | lot of money to raise year after year from donations.
           | 
           | What's the game plan if the donations stops coming in ?
        
           | melbourne_mat wrote:
           | Silicon Valley is not the only place to find engineers who
           | know what they're doing. Some of us want to stay in our home
           | country and/or don't want to jump through the hoops that
           | American tech companies demand.
        
           | conductr wrote:
           | Well I don't get paid to hack, it's a hobby and sometimes I'm
           | and entrepreneur so I don't have the same bias as thinking
           | all devs should be making $500k+. I actually think of cost
           | controls and how to build more with less, so kind of polar
           | opposite motives.
           | 
           | Cheap is also a relative concept. I have a guy on full time
           | that I pay $1500 a month. It's more than twice than he's ever
           | made in his life and he's an excellent dev. If I needed to, I
           | could find 50 more like him. Sure if I was FAANG scale trying
           | to hire 30,000 of these people it might get tough. But, I
           | could probably create an entire training program and just
           | apprentice people for less than they paid new grads out of
           | 2-4 schools they normally hire from.
        
         | drapado wrote:
         | Are you the same kind of people that think that NGO workers
         | should work for free or for a small wage that is not
         | representative of the market wage for their positions?
        
           | conductr wrote:
           | No, I'm the type of person who thinks tech salaries are
           | bloated in certain areas and certain companies and that does
           | not follow the distribution of talent. It's followed the
           | distribution of VC money and profits of large companies. The
           | evidence of such is that the median software engineer in the
           | US is in the low-mid $100s (depending on what source I want
           | to believe it's $110k-$140k). But I also believe that same
           | talent can be sourced outside the US is many cases and for
           | far less expense.
           | 
           | I also view most apps/tech as not very novel. It's largely
           | the same engineering "problems" that are known and well
           | documented. A lot of it can be done by average developers and
           | "top tier" talent isn't usually needed other than probably
           | the cryptographic components in Signal's case. Scale is
           | certainly a concern, but that is a familiar problem that's
           | has a lot of documentation solutions and approaches.
           | 
           | I could be wrong. Maybe they're already doing this and it
           | just happens most of their expense is going to a couple high
           | paid execs. Could be that I'm underestimating the complexity
           | as well. But I find my statements to be true in many cases. I
           | can even point to the number of times I've talked to
           | consultants and top tier devs about building things for me.
           | What they would charge $1m for I can often piece together for
           | less than $50k by hiring a few folks in low COL areas and
           | then just spending a little effort refactoring their code to
           | be as pretty as I like it to be; sometimes I outsource that
           | too but the point is having a whole company of top tier
           | talent isn't usually necessary, it's a choice. Just like
           | believing that top tier talent only exists in the high cost
           | tech hub cities is a choice more so than the truth.
        
         | legohead wrote:
         | I interviewed at Signal for a senior developer. They do not pay
         | well. I didn't even get past the phone interview because they
         | were nowhere near my range. No idea where the $380k comes from,
         | executives maybe?
        
       | vizzah wrote:
       | $6 million per year on outgoing SMS? Do not send SMS to users,
       | make users send SMS to you instead to confirm their numbers! I
       | have this solution for years and it works >90% of the time. The
       | rest 10% is calling a verification number which drops calls with
       | busy signal (no fees for the caller) but sees who is calling and
       | is able to verify their number.
        
         | illiac786 wrote:
         | Significantly less secure. Faking the sending number is much
         | easier than hacking SS7 and getting SMS routed to you which are
         | not destined to you (which is also doable but require an order
         | of magnitude more skills and ressources in my view).
        
           | nickff wrote:
           | This is correct; anyone with relatively basic knowledge of
           | VOIP can spoof any number (and CID name) they want.
        
             | costco wrote:
             | I don't think ANI is spoofable in practice. But that
             | requires a toll-free number which costs money per minute.
        
         | johndoe18637 wrote:
         | It would be great if Signal wouldn't require a phone number for
         | account setup at all
        
           | illiac786 wrote:
           | this is in testing and coming to you early next year.
        
             | traviswt wrote:
             | Would invites be a solution? Anyone can sign up if they
             | provide a number, otherwise you need an invite from someone
             | with a number linked. It would clump the
             | identity/legitimacy for all invitees into origin number,
             | but still allow disparate accounts.
        
               | novok wrote:
               | It's not about legitimacy but having a bootstrapped
               | contact list to talk to along with other user friction
               | reasons
        
               | serial_dev wrote:
               | In that case it doesn't make sense to make it required.
               | 
               | Sure, I don't mind if they ask for my phone number if
               | they think that's a better default onboarding flow, but
               | allow users to bypass it.
               | 
               | With all that said, I don't think it's really only about
               | user friction.
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | Or just kill SMS entirely. SMS is old tech from the 1990s. We
         | have better things now, like e-mail over LTE/5G, that work
         | across countries, across devices (whoa!), across providers,
         | across SIM cards (wow!) allow more than 140 characters (wow
         | wow!), and allows easy-to-remember alphanumeric identifiers for
         | user ids (wow wow wow is this the future!). I hate SMS
         | confirmations, I don't want to use my phone number as a
         | username, and I will most certainly never donate to an
         | organization that is using my donations to pay for stupid SMS
         | texts after e-mail was invented.
        
           | pmlnr wrote:
           | > We have better things now, like e-mail.
           | 
           | Funny how email, being from the 70s, is actually better.
        
       | walteweiss wrote:
       | It's so well written so long post, I afraid I well never read it
       | as carefully. Tonight I'm too tired to delve into its depths.
       | Tomorrow I won't remember, possibly. And the day after that I
       | won't remember for sure.
       | 
       | Sorry everyone for this off-topic, I just think it's needed to be
       | addressed, but I have no idea what to do here.
        
       | pizzafeelsright wrote:
       | Quit using SMS and phone numbers.
       | 
       | How hard would it be to use a different signal server?
        
       | terminatornet wrote:
       | appreciate their transparency, but boy do their devs make a lot
       | of money. their 2 highest paid engineers make around $750k USD
       | yearly. I guess if that's competitive good for them, I'm mostly
       | jealous.
       | 
       | https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/824...
        
       | DavidSJ wrote:
       | Personally, I refuse to financially support Signal so long as
       | they're still holding my chat logs hostage on my old iPhone and
       | seem not at all concerned about solving this problem, which has
       | existed for years.
       | 
       | There was (and still is, so far as I know) no upfront warning to
       | users that if they don't first sync with a desktop client, and
       | their phone gets lost or stolen, their iTunes backups do not
       | (unlike most iPhone applications) contain their Signal chats. And
       | furthermore, there's no way to export those chats in backup
       | format from an old phone.
       | 
       | (You can _transfer_ , but the transfer deletes the data from the
       | original source, which is extremely foolish and dangerous IMO,
       | and anyways isn't a proper export accessible from other
       | applications. Furthermore, so far as I know there's no support
       | for transferring from very old versions of the Signal client.)
       | 
       | This has been a critical bug for years [1], it's one of the most
       | complained about issues, and Signal has done (and intends to do)
       | absolutely nothing to fix it. It is absolutely unacceptable to
       | have our own data held hostage by them in this way, especially
       | without any upfront warning.
       | 
       | [1] https://community.signalusers.org/t/ios-backup-keeping-
       | messa...
        
         | bhtru wrote:
         | Interesting, I always saw this as a deliberate feature aligned
         | with what I first came across Signal for (sensitive
         | communications between trusted parties that may need wiping at
         | a moment's notice). If a journo reporting in a less than
         | hospitable regime had their phone confiscated then they need
         | not worry about their chat logs compromising them.
        
           | DavidSJ wrote:
           | Sorry, how is this any safer for the journalist? If their
           | phone is compromised in a way such that someone can login and
           | control their Signal app, their chat logs are already
           | compromised. I'm just saying there should be the ability to
           | export those logs once you've logged in.
           | 
           | But if they don't want to provide that, then:
           | 
           | 1) Why does the Android app support this?
           | 
           | 2) They should warn users of this BEFORE holding their data
           | hostage, and not market Signal like it's the right solution
           | for everyone.
        
         | marssaxman wrote:
         | Perhaps Signal is not the right choice for you? It seems odd to
         | be so concerned about data retention from a system which
         | prominently features support for disappearing messages!
        
           | DavidSJ wrote:
           | I expect messages to disappear when I turn on disappearing
           | messages and not when I don't turn them on.
           | 
           | But yes, I agree it's not the right choice for me and many
           | others who want to have full ownership over our data, and
           | they should make that clear in advance.
        
             | kortex wrote:
             | > But yes, I agree it's not the right choice for me and
             | many others who want to have full ownership over our data,
             | 
             | The whole _point_ of Signal is you have full ownership of
             | your data. You said you can _transfer_ the data to another
             | device, right? I get that inability to export cleanly is an
             | annoying bug, but technically you have full control over
             | your data the whole time. It seems to me that it 's easier
             | to guarantee no one else can get your data (at the expense
             | of data export friction), than it is to provide "do
             | anything you might want with your data" while still
             | guaranteeing privacy.
        
               | DavidSJ wrote:
               | Being able to transfer to another copy of the same app,
               | but not to a different app, and being forced to delete
               | the original data in the process, is not ownership of
               | your data.
        
         | thefz wrote:
         | > It is absolutely unacceptable to have our own data held
         | hostage by them
         | 
         | Most likely this is just one of the walls of the walled garden.
        
         | daedalus_j wrote:
         | I completely agree with you, even though the situation is at
         | least a tad better on the Android side... However, it's worth
         | noting that Signal seems to consider this a feature and not a
         | bug.
         | 
         | I hate that. I use signal to chat with my friends. We trade
         | pictures of our cats. I am not a whistleblower who needs my
         | data deleted instantly for safety. I provide the noise that
         | acts as cover for those people. And I would have a _LOT_ easier
         | time bringing onto the network if they were able to keep that
         | chat history. (I take a backup on Android and export it and
         | clean my Signal install periodically because it gets large and
         | starts taking up too much space on my device.)
         | 
         | I love Signal. I want it to succeed. I think they have a little
         | bit of problem understanding who their users actually are
         | though, or perhaps just a disconnect with telling us who the
         | users they _want_ to have are...
        
       | codethief wrote:
       | Maybe I'm the only one here but this so-called "transparency" in
       | the form of a single blog post doesn't instill much trust in me.
       | I have been an avid Signal user since the TextSecure days and
       | still recommend Signal over any other messenger. However:
       | 
       | - There were times (e.g. during the introduction of MobileCoin)
       | when the Github repositories hadn't seen any update for months,
       | while they were still releasing new app versions on a regular
       | basis. Heck, last time I checked there were not even public
       | changelogs for any of the apps. Calling Signal "open-source" is a
       | stretch at best.
       | 
       | - The Signal team time and again has failed to react to criticism
       | of the usage of Intel SGX, or of how they completely messed up
       | the introduction of the Signal PIN. And let's not talk about
       | MobileCoin. Yes, being "open-source" or "nonprofit" doesn't imply
       | they need to ask their users for permission or respond to every
       | complaint. However, a minimum amount of openness and debating
       | critical features in public would go a long way here.
       | 
       | - I would like to see some transparency regarding the overall
       | foundation and corporate structure, beyond just silently filing
       | form 990 years with significant delay. For instance, it seems
       | Brian Acton can elect and dissolve the entire board just by
       | himself[0, 1]?
       | 
       | Long story short, before donating to Signal I'd like to see a
       | _proper_ and _continuous_ commitment to transparency, not just a
       | once-in-time blog post.
       | 
       | [0]: (German) https://www.spektrum.de/news/mythos-signal-licht-
       | und-schatte...
       | 
       | [1]:
       | https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/824...
        
       | yankput wrote:
       | Didn't they do some sort of cryptocurrency thing. How is that
       | going?
       | 
       | edit: it was called MobileCoin right
       | 
       | edit2: they do
       | 
       | https://support.signal.org/hc/en-us/articles/360057625692-In...
       | 
       | is that generating any revenue?
        
         | asymmetric wrote:
         | I have held off donating to signal so far exactly because there
         | is no clarity around this token, why it was even added to
         | signal and who profited from that.
        
           | pushcx wrote:
           | And they stopped updating the server code repo for a year,
           | apparently to hide the launch of this token:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26725915
           | 
           | I don't think they ever confirmed that this was why they
           | stopped updating, or did a postmortem on how poorly that
           | launch went. I vaguely recall there was also an unexplained
           | spike in MobileCoin trading shortly before the public launch
           | that looked quite a bit like insider trading, though right
           | now the stories I can turn up about it here are about
           | similarly disconcerting and unexplained issues in its
           | provenance: https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&pref
           | ix=true&que...
           | 
           | It's hard to take this fundraising plea seriously when this
           | financial disaster is never even mentioned. I hope I've just
           | missed whatever Signal has done to try to repair trust after
           | the, but the fact that they haven't even removed it from the
           | app is not promising. Can anyone share updates?
        
         | jmprspret wrote:
         | Probably not much at all. Thankfully they didn't shove it down
         | user's throats - its kinda hidden behind a setting. I guess if
         | they did push it harder to users it may have generated more
         | revenue, at the cost of users who won't put up with
         | cryptocurrency rubbish.
        
       | thewanderer1983 wrote:
       | People should be aware that Signal may be able to provide good
       | e2ee and methods to make reading your messages or calls a
       | challenge, they don't do to enough to obfuscate. Therefore
       | censors can identify who is using signal and even block it.
       | https://github.com/net4people/bbs/issues/63
       | 
       | Privacy tools can make you stand out. Unless methods are used to
       | obfuscate your data.
        
       | gloosx wrote:
       | I admire Signal and everything they do. Basically Software-as-
       | Charity, for the greater cause. Now knowing this charity is
       | actually millions drives me nuts. I hope the less expensive
       | solution can be achieved in decentralization of the whole thing.
       | Im sure it is possible to sustain it ourselves as a public
       | service forever if everyone involved will have to pay with his
       | personal computing resource - just like we are able to sustain
       | decentralized finance now. And of course - the idea of a phone
       | number as identity is very much flawed and unsustainable on
       | itself, hopefully Signal team will be able to break through this
       | problem as well
        
       | ponymontana wrote:
       | give the option to sign in without phone number paying a fee in
       | bitcoin (sats on lightning network would be the perfect fit)
       | would solve a lot of economic and privacy problems. Also dont
       | waste money on phds post-quantum bullshits would be great.
        
       | lrvick wrote:
       | Signal is centralized, expensive, and desperate.
       | 
       | It results in decisions like this:
       | 
       | 1. MobileCoin premines 250m coins
       | 
       | 2. Moxie is paid for being on their board
       | 
       | 3. Moxie directs non-profit Signal to integrate MobileCoin
       | 
       | 4. MobileCoin offers 50% of their premine for sale.
       | 
       | 5. Signal/Mobilecoin news spikes price to $60
       | 
       | This is why we need decentralization.
        
       | yandrypozo wrote:
       | I thought this was an article explaining how they move out of the
       | cloud and saved millions using bare metal servers.
        
       | devit wrote:
       | These costs seem absurd.
       | 
       | For instance, 1.3$ million per year for storage??? Apparently,
       | they have 40 million users, so 1 MB per user (seems reasonable
       | for Signal) means 40TB. You can buy a 4TB SSD for $200, which
       | means you need $2000 one-time for 1MB per user.
       | 
       | How they get from $2000 to 1.3$ million is a mystery.
       | 
       | As for SMS registration, if they are spending 6 million, maybe
       | they should find some way of doing it for free, e.g. Google might
       | be offering it with Firebase, Twitter used to have it, etc. It's
       | not great for privacy, but if they care about that they should
       | just stop using phone numbers.
       | 
       | Routing video calls through a server to obscure IP address seems
       | totally pointless while you are revealing the phone number
       | anyway. And again there might be a way to do this for free, e.g.
       | perhaps using one of free WebRTC STUN/TURN servers that e.g.
       | Google seems to run.
       | 
       | As for bandwidth, a very conservative estimate seems 100 MB per
       | month for each of 40 million users, giving 4 PB per month (though
       | I guess the real usage is 1/10 that at most). Hetzner charges
       | $1/TB, so that gives $4000 per month or $40k per year,
       | overestimated.
       | 
       | Again a mystery how they get from $40k per month to $2.7 million.
       | 
       | Maybe the problem is that they use AWS/GCP/Azure/etc.? They have
       | to be real idiots to use them since everyone knows they are
       | insanely overpriced and should never be used unless a large
       | corporation or deep-pocketed investors are footing the bills or
       | they is no other possible solution.
       | 
       | Perhaps they need to consider stopping dumping money down the
       | drain before asking for donations.
        
         | all2 wrote:
         | Did they also add their cost of dev, admin, etc. into the
         | calculation? This could have a big impact as well.
        
           | heyoni wrote:
           | Yes like paying 30$ for Tylenol in a hospital. You didn't pay
           | that much for the pill but for a nurse to enter that you need
           | that into a schedule and then actually deliver it to you.
        
         | spandrew wrote:
         | I'm starting to suspect there's more to securely stowing user
         | data than throwing it on a bunch of 4TB SSDs!
        
         | k_bx wrote:
         | Sorry, how does 1 mb per user seem reasonable? I'm sending tons
         | of videos, documents and pictures, probably beyond a gigabyte
         | daily. Just one video is like 40Mb. 1Mb assumption seems absurd
        
           | tobinfricke wrote:
           | It's not stored on the server, except perhaps transiently.
        
         | ghosty141 wrote:
         | 1MB per User? People share tons of pictures and videos, I'd
         | guess that the average is more in the 0.5 to 2GB range.
        
           | devit wrote:
           | I assume they only need to store it between the time it is
           | sent and the time it is received by the recipient.
           | 
           | Maybe the problem is that the Signal app doesn't eagerly
           | download messages upon notification? They should start doing
           | that given the money issues.
        
             | rbut wrote:
             | If you only have the phone app then yes they are instantly
             | downloaded and removed from their servers.
             | 
             | But if you have Desktop client(s) registered, then they
             | need to hold onto those messages until you open your
             | client(s).
             | 
             | That is why they have a 30 day login limit on Desktop
             | clients. If they didn't they'd potentially have to hold
             | onto messages forever.
             | 
             | https://github.com/signalapp/Signal-Desktop/issues/4730
             | https://community.signalusers.org/t/dont-unlink-devices-
             | afte...
        
           | 3836293648 wrote:
           | Signal doesn't save history so at any given time most users
           | use 0 storage
        
         | tekla wrote:
         | 1mb per user? What is this 1992?
        
         | wmfiv wrote:
         | Was this intended as satire? I honestly can't tell.
        
           | resonantjacket5 wrote:
           | I think it's satire? Or perhaps they didn't know one can send
           | pictures and videos on Signal and assumed it was only text.
        
             | devit wrote:
             | Hmm, no?
             | 
             | Photos are generally <1MB in size and I think have a single
             | photo sent but not received on average per user seems
             | reasonable (most users probably almost never use Signal,
             | and of those that do probably most only use text, and those
             | that use photos probably most don't send more than one or a
             | few per day).
             | 
             | Videos are probably relatively rare and if not maybe they
             | should do something about them, like not storing overly
             | large ones them on servers and requiring both phones to be
             | online to transfer.
             | 
             | There's a 500x margin between the estimate and their costs
             | anyway.
        
         | nojvek wrote:
         | Surely 1MB/user for the whole year is more than enough.
         | 
         | It's in the realm of "64KB of RAM should be more than enough
         | for any computer"
        
       | spullara wrote:
       | Worked for me. $10/month seems reasonable.
        
       | kjhdfgkjhdfkgj wrote:
       | > Another $19 million a year or so out of Signal's budget pays
       | for its staff. Signal now employs about 50 people
       | 
       | Yeah, not getting any donations from me.
        
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