[HN Gopher] Candela P-12 taking off - Electric hydrofoiling pass...
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       Candela P-12 taking off - Electric hydrofoiling passenger vessel
       [video]
        
       Author : JoachimS
       Score  : 258 points
       Date   : 2023-11-21 15:00 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.youtube.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.youtube.com)
        
       | zknill wrote:
       | The promo video has a perfectly flat body of water. I'd be
       | interested to know what impact waves have on a hydrofoil.
        
         | Phenomenit wrote:
         | There is another video on their channel that shows the
         | technology in rougher weather and sea, seems to work fine.
        
           | roflyear wrote:
           | Which video? None of the videos I see show in rough
           | conditions - the worst is probably "better than average" from
           | spending time on the ocean.
        
             | Phenomenit wrote:
             | This one:
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2i2Zf9WVlNY
        
               | 0xNotMyAccount wrote:
               | All vessels have limits on the sea state they can handle,
               | particularly small vessels. Very large vessels can
               | generally handle much more. You can see how much more the
               | traditional small patrol vessel is bouncing out there, my
               | spine hurts just watching. I could see this being used
               | for pilot vessels and harbor patrol craft, for sure.
        
               | Tempest1981 wrote:
               | Cool, definitely a smoother ride than the adjacent boat.
        
               | RationalDino wrote:
               | That isn't rough.
               | 
               | According to another comment, the Candela can handle
               | waves of up to 1.2 meters. But about half of waves in the
               | open ocean are 2+ meters. So this boat can't handle a
               | normal ocean sea.
        
               | jdmoreira wrote:
               | This is Sweden. I've lived in the east coast of Sweden
               | for 10 years, never seen a wave and there is water
               | everywhere.
               | 
               | Now I'm from Portugal, so... no comparison really.
        
             | HALtheWise wrote:
             | I don't think the primary target for these boats is the
             | ocean, they're mostly designed to operate on lakes, bays,
             | rivers, etc
        
               | travoc wrote:
               | ...so places where 5 knot speed limits are often enforced
               | to prevent wakes.
        
               | SamBam wrote:
               | Since they barely produce wakes when they are
               | hydrofoiling, these rules can probably be changed.
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | But during the transition to the hydrofoil mode and back
               | they produce _a lot_ of waves and wake; seen this many
               | times firsthand.
        
               | sorenjan wrote:
               | They have been given permission to drive at 12 knots
               | because they produce much smaller wakes.
               | 
               | https://www.hamnen.se/varldens-snabbaste-elfartyg-far-
               | kora-f...
        
               | HALtheWise wrote:
               | Candela has been granted a waiver for the 12 knot speed
               | limit in Stockholm, presumably because they make way less
               | wake. Places like the San Francisco Bay are also clear
               | examples of not-the-ocean but no-speed-limits.
               | 
               | https://candela.com/candela-p-12-enables-public-
               | transport-fa...
        
               | roflyear wrote:
               | Why do you need a ferry for a small lake? Anything you'd
               | need a ferry for won't be much distinguishable from an
               | ocean. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PebbX8uzyPI
        
               | chrisco255 wrote:
               | The Great Lakes are not that choppy on average except
               | during storms. But the primary use case would be along
               | intercoastal waterways and rivers, which are also very
               | calm except during storms.
        
               | roflyear wrote:
               | I dunno, where there is boat traffic there will be chop
               | as well. So it's intercoastal, low traffic areas.
        
               | throw0101a wrote:
               | > _Why do you need a ferry for a small lake?_
               | 
               | E.g.:
               | 
               | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_Island_ferries
               | 
               | * https://streetsoftoronto.com/guide-to-the-toronto-
               | islands-fe...
        
               | Crunchified wrote:
               | How about Puget Sound (Seattle, Tacoma, Olympia...),
               | where there are ferries all over. Several routes have
               | "foot ferries" (no cars) offering rides with added speed
               | to get the commuters to home or work across several miles
               | of semi-open waters. Only rarely are waves a serious
               | factor, and I don't know if that's even serious enough to
               | affect this watercraft. Just one example of where this
               | could really be useful and profitable. I can think of
               | others.. Chesapeake Bay, Lake Champlain, Great Lakes...
        
               | eesmith wrote:
               | With Google Maps I found a ferry on the Swedish lake
               | Hjalmaren, between Vinon and Hampetorp.
               | 
               | https://sv-m-wikipedia-
               | org.translate.goog/wiki/Vin%C3%B6lede... says the route
               | is 5km long and takes about 16 minutes.
               | 
               | Wikipedia says the lake is 483 km2, while Lake Champlain
               | is about 3x bigger at 1,331 km2.
               | 
               | From Google Street View it seems the mainland is visible
               | for nearly every direction.
               | 
               | Oh! I found another ferry, a car ferry from "Boheden, 956
               | 93" to "Sandudden, 956 93 Overkalix", according to Google
               | Maps. The lake Djuptrasket is 8.68km2 and the ferry is a
               | few hundred meters.
               | 
               | And one between Sund and Jarenleden, on the lake Stora
               | Le, 131 km2 but it's narrow and the ferry is only about
               | 600m.
               | 
               | Sweden has a LOT of lakes, and most of them are narrow. I
               | assume they were made by glaciers? I found those two
               | ferries by looking for two roads ending on opposite sides
               | of a lake.
        
               | henrikschroder wrote:
               | The Stockholm area looks like this:
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/maps/@59.3284101,18.0369884,11.71z
               | ?au...
               | 
               | There are plenty of places where the water route is much,
               | much, much faster than the land route, and there are
               | plenty of islands that are only accessible by boat.
        
               | patall wrote:
               | As you obviously have never been to Stockholm, feel free
               | to pay us a visit. Its really nice in the summer! This is
               | the ferry map for the archipelago:
               | https://waxholmsbolaget.se/globalassets/kartor/hela-
               | skargard... Note though that that doesn't include the
               | line the P-12 will be in service on from next year as
               | that is line 89 run by SL:
               | https://sl.se/globalassets/linje-89.pdf
        
               | chromanoid wrote:
               | https://www.hamburg.com/visitors/hamburg-
               | by/13965006/ferry/
        
         | wood_spirit wrote:
         | There are lots of videos on YouTube of the smaller C8 in choppy
         | seas and crossing the wakes of other boats.
         | 
         | I happened to see one for real gliding over some waves big
         | enough to give me a bumpy ride in a conventional motorboat.
         | 
         | So they do better than a conventional motorboat in the kind of
         | normal rough sea.
         | 
         | There must be some wave height that starts to give it problems,
         | but it's up past where normal little motorboats become hampered
         | too.
        
           | roflyear wrote:
           | Can you link? I don't see anything that is more than
           | "average" waves for the sea.
        
             | Sayrus wrote:
             | I think the video wood_spirit is referencing to is
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2i2Zf9WVlNY
             | 
             | It's not extreme weather and the waves don't reach the
             | length of the foil itself. I'm curious as well as to what
             | happens on rough seas.
        
               | roflyear wrote:
               | Also totally different boat eh. Those waves are probably
               | a little bigger than they look, but yes, definitely
               | "better than average" I would say.
        
             | wood_spirit wrote:
             | A quick search for "candela c8 rough" finds some?
             | 
             | Boy do I want one. For those calm days though. The
             | quietness is another big draw. I have a 4stroke and it's so
             | peace destroying.
        
         | helsinkiandrew wrote:
         | Video of one of their smaller "speedboats":
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2i2Zf9WVlNY
         | 
         | I guess they can operate in waves that don't reach the hull? At
         | least sideways
         | 
         | EDIT: Their FAQ says the speedboat can handle 1.2M high waves:
         | A Candela generally outperforms regular leisure boats in rough
         | weather. The maximum wave height when foiling is approximately
         | 1.2 meters from wave peak to valley.
         | 
         | https://candela.com/faq/
        
           | sergioisidoro wrote:
           | That video has the title "extreme weather". That's a very
           | liberal use of the word "extreme"
        
             | mbrameld wrote:
             | It's extreme relative to the operating capabilities of the
             | hydrofoil.
        
             | silvestrov wrote:
             | Now try the North Sea on a windy day:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYzIWngs_T8
             | 
             | Watch the helicopter coming in to land 30 seconds into the
             | movie. It lands at the end.
        
               | Gud wrote:
               | I doubt these small taxis are designed for the North Sea
               | though.
        
               | chrisco255 wrote:
               | No these are mostly meant for rivers and intercoastal
               | waterways. They're not going to be used for
               | intercontinental travel.
        
               | tyfon wrote:
               | They would be perfect for the public boat transportation
               | system in the Oslo fjord between the islands there.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Just in case anyone was ever wondering why the conditions
               | of a SpaceX launch (specifically for the water landings),
               | but also any launch with an at sea recovery zone can
               | prevent a launch from occurring even if the weather is
               | sunny at the launch site.
        
               | foobarian wrote:
               | Wow that helicopter must be super light weight for the
               | blade to rotate so slowly near the end. :-)
               | 
               | Fantastic example of stroboscopic effects in video.
        
               | KennyBlanken wrote:
               | And? It's a ferry designed to operate, like most ferries,
               | in littoral waters. Harbors, bays, rivers, channels, and
               | ocean areas close to shores. Not North Atlantic bluewater
               | conditions.
               | 
               | This has as much relevancy as "nerrrrrr, dumb plane, why
               | did they build it if it can't fly from NYC to Australia"
               | while looking at a picture of a Dash-80, a regional
               | commuter plane.
        
             | patall wrote:
             | That's a well know problem for all of us that want to surf
             | around Stockholm: the baltic sea us just too calm. You can
             | go to Toro and hope for rhe best but in reality even with
             | good wind, all you can do is wing or SUP foil, not even
             | enough to try prone foiling...
             | 
             | (My comment may sound sarcastic but I am serious: the
             | baltic sea has always seen other types of boats, both for
             | leasure and commercial)
        
           | VoxPelli wrote:
           | They have sensors that detects waves and adjusts the
           | hydrofoils to avoid crashing into the water.
           | 
           | If one would like to use hype words I guess one could call
           | them AI-driven hydrofoils or something
        
         | tauntz wrote:
         | Hydrofoiling boats have been in commercial use for quite some
         | time. I've taken one[1] between Estonia and Finland a couple of
         | times but these are sadly not operating anymore.
         | 
         | 1. https://images.delfi.ee/media-api-image-
         | cropper/v1/02cc3aa0-...
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | The Greek apparently still operate hydrofoil boats between
           | islands on Mediterranean sea. Sea, not river.
        
             | riffraff wrote:
             | Same in Italy. Both sea and lakes.
        
               | KWxIUElW8Xt0tD9 wrote:
               | I recall a hydrofoil on Lake Garda -- obviously lots of
               | power required -- it was much louder than the normal
               | ferries on that lake.
        
           | ge96 wrote:
           | jet foil in Japan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_lKISuF5Y4
           | 
           | edit: shorter video
        
           | stcredzero wrote:
           | What are the economics of hydrofoils like? I recently watched
           | a YouTube video covering the rise and fall of hovercraft
           | ferries. Basically, the lower reliability of hovercraft
           | eventually overwhelmed the utility of faster transit times.
           | Is it the same for hydrofoil ferries?
        
             | tauntz wrote:
             | I remember reading articles about the Silja Line ferries
             | needing repairs all the time. But that might have been an
             | issue with the specific models and not an indication of
             | hydrofoil reliability in general.
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | They must be much more efficient than both boats and
             | hovercraft - they don't need to keep the air cushion, and
             | they don't need to push their full tonnage away from their
             | path - lift losses excepted, they must be equivalent to
             | much smaller boats.
             | 
             | I would expect to see more of these as recreational
             | vehicles, as they must be much cheaper to operate and, with
             | recreational boats having a much lower duty cycle than,
             | say, BEVs, solar recharging becomes attainable, as long as
             | you keep the boat docked or anchored and charging for much
             | longer than you use its propulsion.
        
               | 1234letshaveatw wrote:
               | I saw a single person standup foil on a local lake. They
               | look unreal, almost unbelievable in operation. Like
               | someone is flying over the lake. Search for efoils on
               | youtube
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | This does sound approachable. From my experience, people
               | with lake front property and docks with boat "houses" are
               | clear from any obstruction of direct sun. Line the roof
               | of said boat "house" with solar, and in the typical
               | weekender/vacationer use of a boat, seems pretty
               | managable. However, when the sun is up to be charging is
               | typically the time of the boat's use so it won't be on
               | the charger. Use the solar to charge a powerwall type of
               | solution, and then charge the boat at night?
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | Solar panels could be on the boat itself, but I am
               | assuming solar won't be able to do much recharging while
               | the engine is in use anyway. OTOH, very few boats are
               | used, or moved, every day.
               | 
               | I imagine a boat would have a hefty battery pack anyway,
               | to power a stove, fridge, air conditioning, plus
               | essential bridge equipment.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | I think we're talking different sized boat on a lake. Do
               | house boats typically power from battery or from a
               | generator? I have no familiarity with those.
        
               | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
               | Most houseboats are barges with no propulsion. They use
               | shore power but often have a backup generator. Having
               | some solar or a small wind turbine is relatively common
               | too.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | Yes. I was thinking "river boat with limited propulsion
               | that is moved when the owner wants a change of scenery".
        
           | euroderf wrote:
           | I talked to the skipper of one. He said the boats (Linda
           | Line) had been in service in the Black Sea.
        
           | ano-ther wrote:
           | On the Thames:
           | https://www.londonreconnections.com/2020/soviet-fleet-on-
           | the...
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | I took one from Tangier to Gibraltar, in the 1970s (Might
           | even have been the 1960s).
        
         | HumblyTossed wrote:
         | Wouldn't / Shouldn't they slow down out of hydrofoil speed when
         | they enter rough seas? I would imagine that would be the
         | prudent thing to do.
        
         | acyou wrote:
         | Here's old footage of the foilborne Canadian Navy hydrofoil
         | HMCS Bras D'Or from the 1970s, with some rough sea action right
         | at the start of the video. Doesn't look like a smooth ride, and
         | must be a huge stress on the hydrofoil structure:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XVYSUWEi-WQ&ab_channel=imaxg...
         | 
         | I think that as a general rule, longer vessels tend to be more
         | seaworthy, they don't get swallowed by waves.
        
           | eschneider wrote:
           | Absolutely not true. Long vessels have different problems
           | with waves, like having the bow AND stern lifted by waves at
           | the same time, so you have a whole different set of failure
           | modes.
        
             | acyou wrote:
             | Interesting, but I think many ocean-going vessels tend to
             | be fairly long for good reason, with the bigger, longer
             | ones also being faster and more capable in rough seas.
             | 
             | Offshore commercial fishing boats are an example of shorter
             | ocean-going boats. I think they would normally prefer to
             | avoid storm seas if possible. They have to head up and turn
             | into the waves, they can't take them sideways.
             | 
             | One example of when people thought that a big, long boat
             | would be more seaworthy, was the Titanic, which sank in
             | 1912 after hitting an iceberg. But it wasn't the waves that
             | did it.
             | 
             | I think big, long and strong boats are pretty great in
             | rough seas. If I was crossing the Atlantic, I think I'd
             | rather be in a bigger boat, provided that it doesn't break
             | up or develop any leaks.
        
               | stcredzero wrote:
               | _I think I 'd rather be in a bigger boat, provided that
               | it doesn't break up_
               | 
               | This is a very high structural demand. Torpedoes work
               | best, when they can effectively "lift" the keel, breaking
               | the back of the ship. (Not exactly, but kind of, IIRC.)
               | Very high sea swells apparently do the same thing! When
               | there's far less buoyancy supporting one end of the ship
               | than the other, the entire ship has to act as a
               | cantilever. At the size of large ships, the square-cube
               | law dominates, and the ship is far more fragile at that
               | scale than a model boat would be. Even steel structures
               | at that scale are flex-y.
        
         | btbuildem wrote:
         | I imagine one of the challenges would be getting up to foiling
         | speed in rough waters. From the videos I've seen, once the hull
         | of a foil boat is out of the water, the ride is much less
         | affected by waves.
        
           | devindotcom wrote:
           | they take off at around 7-8 knots, so as long as you can get
           | up to that you're good. the motors and wing stay well below
           | the water, the candelas do wave detection as well IIRC.
        
         | yencabulator wrote:
         | It's intended for use in coastal waters in the Baltic Sea,
         | around lots of islands and behind the Danish straits that
         | significantly tame incoming winds & waves:
         | 
         | > P-12 [...] will halve commuting times in Stockholm from 2024.
         | 
         | In the waves hydrofoils can handle, they're more comfortable
         | than traditional boats -- the waves don't move the boat around
         | as much.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | The deeper the lifting surface the larger the waves can be. You
         | need the waves to not have too much of an impact at their peak
         | while the foil still being underwater at the trough. Unless the
         | foils can extend and rectract[1], the depth of the lifting
         | surface impacts minimum draft of the ship as well.
         | 
         | 1: Or fold, though with folding foils, you need to transition
         | from foiling to floating where the water is deep enough, then
         | float into the shallower water.
        
         | chrisweekly wrote:
         | In general, hydrofoils provide a smooth ride as the vessel is
         | lifted out of the chop. But in more extreme conditions, the
         | hull can nosedive or otherwise slam back down into the water,
         | at which point it's lost its momentum required to stay in
         | foiling mode.
        
         | smileysteve wrote:
         | I foil and efoil as a hobby; Once on foil, surface waves have
         | no impact as long as you keep the foils in the water -- this
         | means observing and adjusting attitude. If you do it well, you
         | can maintain full speed and only feel the attitude changes (no
         | bumps). Though, if it is very windy and wavy on the ocean/lake
         | it is more difficult to develop foiling speed to take off.
         | 
         | The reason why Candela is pioneering sub surface foils now is
         | because it takes a reasonable amount of sensors and computation
         | to avoid the foil breaching.
         | 
         | For the most part, you wouldn't want to take a sub surface
         | foiling vessel flying out in a storm with significant swells,
         | but that's not what most boating is anyway.
        
         | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
         | Depends on the height of the waves relative to the height the
         | foiling boat flies at. There's a reason those America's Cup
         | boats and the big ocean going trimarans that use foils have
         | quite different designs.
         | 
         | The biggest issue is that if the foiling fails the boat has a
         | tendency to bury the bow quite violently. This killed an AC
         | sailor a decade or so ago.
         | 
         | Foils make sense for inland waterways but making them work for
         | the ocean proper is considerably more difficult.
         | 
         | I'm no naval architect but this boat is awfully narrow in beam
         | which is probably its biggest limitation.
        
         | mlhpdx wrote:
         | Foiling sailboats deal with pretty substantial wave action,
         | including open ocean storms. It's all in the design.
         | 
         | What's really shocking to me is how slow this ferry is compared
         | with those foiling sailboats which can reach upwards of 90
         | km/h.
        
       | MuffinFlavored wrote:
       | > Ferries are by far the most polluting form of transportation
       | today
       | 
       | Interesting
       | 
       | The video also says that if it didn't plane up into hydrofoil-
       | mode, it'd need to use enough energy to push 12 tons (full
       | weight) through water. How much does it need to push in hydro-
       | foil mode/what kind of percentage reduction are we looking at?
       | 
       | It fits 30, 20, or 12 passengers depending on configuration and
       | cost EUR1.7m. Which EU country is willing to buy like... 100 of
       | these?
       | 
       | It can't be cheap to ride if it can only hold 30 passengers max?
        
         | JoachimS wrote:
         | There are quite a few ferries with capacity around 30
         | passengers in service in Sweden. Most of them burning diesel.
        
           | MuffinFlavored wrote:
           | Ah, shows how uncultured I am for not knowing that. I'm used
           | to 30 people all crammed into one grocery aisle pushing each
           | other for a $6 box of sugary cereal at WalMart in America so
           | it seemed like an "insignificant" number in terms of
           | transportation.
           | 
           | (slightly kidding)
        
           | nemetroid wrote:
           | There are? Where?
        
             | m_eiman wrote:
             | In the archipelagos near Stockholm and Gothenburg, for
             | example. There's a list of the nationally financed routes
             | here:
             | 
             | https://www.trafikverket.se/resa-och-trafik/farjetrafik/
             | 
             | Then there are regionally and locally financed routes as
             | well.
        
               | nemetroid wrote:
               | The ferries in that link are all road ferries. Most of
               | them take at least 30 _cars_ , and a lot more than 30
               | passengers.
               | 
               | Most of the archipelago ferries in Gothenburg take around
               | 300 passengers. The smallest one I could find on
               | Styrsobolaget's site takes 165:
               | 
               | https://www.styrsobolaget.se/om-oss/fartyg/rivo
        
               | eesmith wrote:
               | While not a ferry, it looks like Sweden has water taxis.
               | 
               | Looking around I found a few listed at
               | https://visitsweden.com/about-sweden/getting-around-
               | stockhol... , for example, https://www.battaxi.se/our-
               | boats says the m/s Alma ("Our fast all-round boat")
               | carries 20.
               | 
               | I also found https://waxholmwatertaxi.com/services/taxi-
               | boat/?lang=en says "We offer Taxi Boat for 1-12
               | passengers throughout the Stockholm archipelago."
               | 
               | I can imagine some people might pay good money for
               | significantly faster transport + "eco friendly".
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | Hydrofoil's vary quite a bit but on average your looking at
         | ~1/6th the drag at the same speeds. Wave height limits depends
         | on the design, but it's actually more comfortable in moderate
         | surf than a normal boat and worst case they default to a normal
         | boat.
         | 
         | As to the economics, there's a long tail of these things. High
         | speeds enable more trips per day which offsets fewer seats.
         | Consider 3+ million people per year visit the Statue of Liberty
         | and it's a 2 way trip. I doubt NYC would swap, but if they did
         | they could easily buy 10 of the things just for that one route.
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | The current NYC water taxi boats look plenty fast, at least
           | for the short routes between NJ and NYC, or Manhattan and
           | Brooklyn.
           | 
           | While going around the Statue of Liberty and sightseeing,
           | high speed is not necessarily your goal %)
        
         | smileysteve wrote:
         | Pricing will also be determined by marginal maintenance and
         | running costs; Foils significantly reduce running costs; going
         | electric reduces running, environmental, maintenance costs.
        
       | frankus wrote:
       | How robust are these to random floating logs? They're quite
       | common here in the Salish Sea and have been cited as the reason
       | that the Boeing hydrofoil project never really took off.
        
         | garciasn wrote:
         | Hitting debris or the bottom while on foils is NOT recommended
         | and can be catastrophic to the boat and its passengers.
         | 
         | Hydrofoils haven't taken off because of the above and,
         | primarily, the high operation, maintenance, and build costs.
         | Historically, these just have not been more economical than
         | their traditional counterparts.
         | 
         | Being that this particular company is not focused on those
         | parts of this and are solely focused on the technology being
         | green, my guess is they are ignoring the operation,
         | maintenance, and build costs and hoping that they can be all
         | hand-wavey about that part--which probably will not pay off for
         | them.
        
           | roflyear wrote:
           | My understanding was that, similar to a sail on a boat, you
           | really want to be able to "trim" your foil, which is really
           | complicated. You can have a good "average" foil but it will
           | really be great in most conditions.
        
             | jesperwe wrote:
             | Candela foils are dynamically trimmed under computer
             | control.
        
           | I_Am_Nous wrote:
           | From an engineering perspective the hull would have to be
           | strong enough to support all the weight of the vessel on the
           | foil mounts. I imagine this is not a trivial problem to solve
           | and the vessel would have to be purpose designed for foils,
           | so little retrofitting may be possible on existing vessels.
        
             | flybrand wrote:
             | I clipped a granite plinth Efoiling - your ride comes to a
             | very abrupt halt. Thankfully the board was fine and the
             | carbon fiber wing had just minor scuffing.
        
               | gilbertbw wrote:
               | I would be concerned that the carbon fibre has been
               | significantly weakened by the impact.
               | 
               | https://www.resinlibrary.com/knowledge/article/can-
               | carbon-fi...
               | 
               | > Since fibre strength significantly exceeds that of the
               | matrix (epoxy), damage usually occurs in the matrix
               | before the fibres for laminate composites. In some
               | instances, this is relatively easy to detect; snapped
               | fibres protruding from the object's surface. Yet more
               | microscopic damage - something which can spread through
               | the object - is harder to detect even though it can
               | significantly reduce the mechanical properties of the
               | composite.
        
               | flybrand wrote:
               | I'm concerned, but it's a hobby where the penalty for
               | failure is getting wet.
        
               | I_Am_Nous wrote:
               | That looks like a lot of fun, kind of like a OneWheel on
               | water, but safer because water lands a lot softer than
               | the hard ground does!
        
             | bagels wrote:
             | Weight of the boat + dynamic loads.
        
               | I_Am_Nous wrote:
               | Great point lol it's not like the carried load will be
               | the same all the time and I didn't even consider that :)
        
           | thriftwy wrote:
           | Boats are, in general, an unpopular way to carry passengers
           | these days, and of those, hydrofoils have a significant
           | share. It's debatable whereas anything ense has "taken off"
           | if hydrofoils didn't.
        
             | abraae wrote:
             | There must be thousands or tens of thousands of ferries
             | around the world, yet hydrofoil ferries are as rare as
             | rocking horse shit, so I don't think this is correct.
        
               | thriftwy wrote:
               | I know only a couple of non-ferry scheduled passenger
               | boats (no car deck) and half of these are easily
               | hydrofoils. I guess that depends on the region, though.
        
         | kitd wrote:
         | > the Boeing hydrofoil project never really took off.
         | 
         |  _badoom tish_
         | 
         | Don't tell us, you're here all week? ;)
        
         | devindotcom wrote:
         | I actually rode a C-8 around Elliott Bay and asked about this
         | since as you say there's lots of logs, or deadheads as my
         | grandpa called them. They said it's not optimal but the logs
         | can be detected and accounted for, and the fins are super
         | strong to impacts from the front. Better to avoid, of course,
         | but they said it would be OK. It just whacks them out of the
         | way basically.
        
           | ttul wrote:
           | Many logs in the Salish Sea are actually enormous tree trunks
           | complete with root systems...
        
         | gosub100 wrote:
         | would be a perfect application for sonar, wouldn't it?
        
       | simonebrunozzi wrote:
       | They tested an earlier version of the Candela in the lagoon of
       | Venice, which has quite some waves caused by other motorboats. I
       | don't think people were impressed.
        
         | fkyoureadthedoc wrote:
         | Other than a Reuter's article[1] (and some very similar
         | articles) hyping up the testing of what looks like a pretty
         | normal boat but with hydrofoils, I can't find anything about
         | the reception. Is this your personal experience? Do you know
         | why people were unimpressed?
         | 
         | 1. https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-
         | transportation/swedis...
        
           | simonebrunozzi wrote:
           | I attended the boat show, tried the Candela, and heard
           | numerous comments about it.
        
       | sergioisidoro wrote:
       | I'm wondering if this solution lands too much in between usable
       | options.
       | 
       | Long sea passages might have rougher weather which is not great
       | for hydrofoils and might be too long for battery ranges. In short
       | passages in inland bodies of water (with better wave conditions
       | for hydrofoils and friendlier to battery ranges), do you have
       | enough distance to start gliding in order to get the benefits of
       | hydrofoil?
        
         | simonbarker87 wrote:
         | The high speed ferry on Lake Como uses a foil (although not as
         | smooth as this, I'd almost say it is semi-flying perhaps) and
         | there is more than enough distance between the ports to benefit
         | from this Candela boat. The slow stopper ferry probably
         | wouldn't be a good option for this foil version (depends on
         | acceleration time to flight I guess) though as the stops are
         | pretty close together.
        
         | ajmurmann wrote:
         | When I used to visit the island of Ischia with some regularity
         | there used to be hydrofoils connecting it to the other island
         | and Naples. Worked great!
        
       | louwrentius wrote:
       | Always cool to see boats like this, never ceases to amaze me.
       | Would have been interesting to know more about power, battery
       | capacity, runtime, charging and so on.
       | 
       | I'm into solar and LiFePo4 batteries and for those who have
       | little experience with batteries or maybe lead acid, it's just so
       | unbelievable magic how well this stuff works (Or how bad lead
       | acid really is). And what is possible.
       | 
       | There is a lot of engineering ahead of us, but the energy
       | transition is in my view more of a political topic than a
       | technical engineering challenge.
        
       | capableweb wrote:
       | Correct me if I'm wrong, but isn't that Grafana being used in the
       | boat dashboard? At least some of the widgets seems to either be
       | very Grafana inspired, or straight up pulled from the Grafana UI.
       | 
       | Probably the last place I'd expect that memory-hungry and CPU-
       | inefficient UI to appear.
        
         | tetris11 wrote:
         | I guess your comment deliberately begs: are there any better?
        
         | reliablereason wrote:
         | > Probably the last place I'd expect that memory-hungry and
         | CPU-inefficient UI to appear.
         | 
         | In a prototype with batteries large enough to heat and power a
         | house for weeks?
         | 
         | The power consumption of the navigation electronics is probably
         | not a big concern.
         | 
         | I would have put linux and a fullscreen electron app on those
         | screens.
        
           | gosub100 wrote:
           | I didn't read their comment as "drains the battery", more
           | like "slows your computer down and eventually freezes". That
           | could still be fine if you anticipate it (and as you said,
           | it's a prototype) and the control system (throttle, rudder)
           | doesn't depend on it.
        
         | itsyaboi wrote:
         | Its almost certainly some RTOS like QNX.
        
       | rcpt wrote:
       | Can't wait to cruise up to some Central California surf lineups
       | with all my foiling buddies in one of these
        
       | chakintosh wrote:
       | The design language was screaming Polestar then I scrolled and it
       | turned out it was indeed using Polestar batteries.
        
       | UrineSqueegee wrote:
       | this is really really old tech, these transport vehicles already
       | exist for about 2 decades now.
       | 
       | Here's one I used to take very regularly.
       | 
       | https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=176682457397144
        
       | kristofferR wrote:
       | What are the reasonable size limits of this tech?
       | 
       | Does it have positive or negative economics of scaling (does
       | hydrofoiling on bigger electric ships get cheaper or more
       | expensive per weight unit), or is there a ship size limit where
       | the equation flips?
        
         | lstodd wrote:
         | I think it's not possible to fit enough batteries by weight to
         | scale this.
         | 
         | Consider the Voskhod boat which at 28 tons and 60 km/h has to
         | have ~800kW engine. To have any useful range the battery mass
         | and charge time would be prohibitive.
         | 
         | Turbodiesel and/or gas turbine work just fine though.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voskhod_(hydrofoil)
        
         | smileysteve wrote:
         | As length increases so do the support/balancing requirements
         | between multiple foils (front vs rear); As weight increases,
         | lift may want to be increased to keep a low liftoff speed. As
         | lift increases, speed and maneuverability decrease.
        
       | greedo wrote:
       | I once took the hydrofoil ferry from Seattle to Victoria, BC. It
       | was fast, but it was still a 2 1/2 hour trip. Not sure what that
       | ferry used for propulsion, but I assume diesel.
        
       | malkia wrote:
       | Seems like real code :) https://imgur.com/a/OTNsf5X (spotted from
       | the video - looks like .cpp, Visual Studio Code as IDE)
        
         | lambda wrote:
         | They are using FreeRTOS, communicating over a CAN bus using
         | CANopen. Looks like this is a shutdown routine, shutting down
         | various devices. They seem to have separate tasks for
         | propulsion control and GPS.
         | 
         | Pretty standard fare for a vehicle controller.
        
       | carabiner wrote:
       | WE HAVE DONE MUCH -- BUT THERE IS MUCH -- TO BE DONE
        
       | tobinfricke wrote:
       | Also check out https://www.navierboat.com/, a competitor in this
       | space.
       | 
       | And an amazing historical progenitor:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2i3EeUnku0
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Plainview
        
         | justsomehnguy wrote:
         | Raketa was a passenger, earlier and mass-produced one.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raketa_(hydrofoil)
        
       | inasio wrote:
       | In Vancouver there are gas stations specific for boats, I heard
       | from an attendant at one of them that occasionally yachts stop by
       | and fill in $50,000 worth of gas (and pay cash according to him).
       | 
       | Hydrofoils in theory would cut a very significant chunk of that,
       | even if still on gas-powered boats. Given that the technology has
       | been around for many decades, I suspect there's got to be a
       | showstopper that prevents its adoption (vulnerable to floating
       | logs?), and I suspect simply making them electric won't alleviate
       | that
        
         | riffraff wrote:
         | But we've had those for decades, no? There's a bunch of
         | "aliscafi" doing ferries in Italy for example, both at sea and
         | on lakes.
        
           | smileysteve wrote:
           | Similar, but quite different.
           | 
           | The tradition foiling ferries rely on a surface based foil
           | which does reduce drag significantly, is not as efficient as
           | a sub surface foil, but are easier to implement because they
           | "ride" the surface so they don't require balancing
           | technology.
           | 
           | Candela is using sub surface foils, relying on water both
           | above and below the foil which provides significantly more
           | lift, and immune to surface irregularities (if properly
           | predicted).
        
         | xuhu wrote:
         | More like the logs are vulnerable to the hydrofoils. Those
         | vertical wings look like they can slice anything in half.
        
           | inasio wrote:
           | Yeah, no. This is not Starwars or samurai anime, commonly
           | found red cedar or Doug firs go from one to many feet wide
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | The problem with hydrofoils is that they don't scale up very
         | well. Practically all larger designs were always gas turbine
         | powered to even be able to supply enough power for initial
         | liftoff and guzzled kerosene at laughably unprofitable rates.
         | Much like ekranoplans and hovercrafts they didn't really prove
         | to be economical in the long run.
         | 
         | This smaller bus-sized version might genuinely be at the limit
         | of what makes sense with current battery and motor tech.
        
           | bagels wrote:
           | Why is this? Is it because the boat mass doesn't scale
           | linearly with surface area?
        
         | mikepurvis wrote:
         | Off the cuff, I would guess it's a power-to-weight issue.
         | People with yachts want to fill them up with granite
         | countertops and pools and grand pianos and who knows what else.
         | Whereas a hydrofoil boat needs to be built with more like
         | airplane sensibilities.
        
         | conductr wrote:
         | In addition to other comments, I've heard/read somewhere that
         | the skill to operate is more akin to piloting an aircraft so
         | probably a large bit of it is retraining hurdles
        
         | VoxPelli wrote:
         | "We use an advanced control system that stabilizes the
         | naturally unstable boat in just about any condition. Sensors
         | around the perimeter of our boats measure wave height and feed
         | this information to our Flight Controller. Height, roll and
         | pitch data are as well. The Flight Controller is then able to
         | adjust the position at up to 100 times per second, in order to
         | achieve stability."
         | 
         | That's from Candela'a own webpage, and the following older
         | article mentions:
         | 
         | "Many of them have worked at aerospace and technology companies
         | such as Eurocopter, Saab Gripen, and Volvo."
         | 
         | https://www.torqeedo.com/en/news-and-press/blog/blog-2020-12...
         | 
         | I think Candela is basically what happens when you take Swedish
         | engineering tradition, combine it with skills attained from
         | building advanced fighter jets and the challenge of making
         | electric boats have a reasonable range at all.
         | 
         | Some added bonuses you get: Barely any wake, so you can run
         | fast without disrupting others or the wildlife / nature.
        
         | zackmorris wrote:
         | You're so close!
         | 
         | It's not the issues with tech but the whims of the uber rich
         | that prevent adoption of most innovations.
         | 
         | They have the money and choose the profitable things to invest
         | in, which are nearly always the opposite of the practical
         | things that would help the most people.
         | 
         | Once you begin to see the world through this lens, it all makes
         | sense. The best place to start is to talk to old people 40, 50,
         | 60 years old plus. They'll tell you how so much of this was
         | solved in the 60s and 80s and even earlier, but the powers that
         | be suppressed any innovations that reduce fossil fuel usage,
         | the influence of finance, the profits of the arms industry, etc
         | etc etc.
        
           | robomartin wrote:
           | > It's not the issues with tech but the whims of the uber
           | rich that prevent adoption of most innovations.
           | 
           | Please provide a list of 25 innovations who's adoption was
           | prevented by the uber-rich.
           | 
           | In addition to that, also provide a list of the uber-rich who
           | participated in each instance of preventing each of the
           | listed innovations from being adopted.
        
           | nemo wrote:
           | Old person here - this does not resonate with my experience
           | at all. It's been the middle class driving consumer
           | technology since the '60s at least. The stuff that was
           | "solved" almost always turned out to be breathless reporting
           | hyping technologies that didn't pan out for various reasons.
        
         | dvaletin wrote:
         | > I suspect there's got to be a showstopper that prevents its
         | adoption Weves is one of them. Hydrofoils are sensible to
         | waives
        
         | henrikschroder wrote:
         | > I suspect there's got to be a showstopper that prevents its
         | adoption
         | 
         | No, it's the other way around. Diesel-powered non-computer-
         | controlled hydrofoils weren't good enough to overthrow regular
         | diesel-powered boats. You saved some gas, but not enough for
         | anyone to bother.
         | 
         | The pressure to go green and move to electric boats means that
         | the energy savings from going hydrofoil is suddenly _extremely_
         | interesting in order to make a boat that has enough speed and
         | range if it 's gonna carry batteries. Couple that with modern
         | sensors and computing, and their hydrofoils can do a lot more
         | on-the-fly adjustments to further improve stability and
         | efficiency than the older ones. And these two factors combine
         | to make something new, and you can't say "Well, hydrofoils
         | failed in the past, so this will fail as well".
         | 
         | > In Vancouver
         | 
         | > (vulnerable to floating logs?)
         | 
         | That's a very local "you" problem. The various Swedish
         | archipelagoes have completely different conditions than the
         | Seattle-Vancouver bay area.
        
       | robotnikman wrote:
       | Sort of related, a game I play (From the Depths) has an electric
       | hydrofoil ship called the Candela in it... except its a
       | Battleship with armed with large lasers and missiles.
        
       | rexreed wrote:
       | Navier is also doing something similar:
       | https://www.navierboat.com/
       | 
       | Navier has been very self-promotional, taking the boat and its
       | founder on a tour all across the US selling (investors) and the
       | community on hydrofoil-based boats.
        
       | bagels wrote:
       | What's the business case for this? Where are people are willing
       | to pay a lot more for ferry tickets (I have to assume these boats
       | will be more expensive, and have a much lower weight capacity)?
        
       | pants2 wrote:
       | These have been around for a long time. SeaWorld had a hydrofoil
       | boat experience back in 1965. I don't think the biggest problem
       | was the lack of electrification but more the cost, safety, and
       | limited areas where it can operate.
        
       | heikkilevanto wrote:
       | Interesting. But what are the (un)likely failure modes?
        
       | Max-q wrote:
       | Hydrofoils were in fashion during the 70s. Many were built 7n
       | Norway and sold to South East Asia. As seen on James Bond. I
       | wonder why they disappeared
        
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