[HN Gopher] Volkswagen, Porsche, and Audi say they will use Tesl...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Volkswagen, Porsche, and Audi say they will use Tesla's EV charging
       plug
        
       Author : thunderbong
       Score  : 262 points
       Date   : 2023-12-20 14:56 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theverge.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theverge.com)
        
       | grecy wrote:
       | Stellantis are the only remaining holdout. It seems inevitable
       | they'll jump on board too.
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | If they are the last domino, they also have the worst
         | negotiation position. Whatever number Tesla says will be their
         | cost.
        
           | JoshTko wrote:
           | Not really, last thing Tesla wants is antitrust oversight for
           | monopolistic practice.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | Would be a bit ridiculous to penalise Tesla as a monopolist
             | given they virtually pioneered the industry in America
             | within the last generation.
        
               | skybrian wrote:
               | This is just imagining future scenarios, but I don't see
               | an inherent contradiction. That's one way to end up with
               | a monopoly.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | Sure? It's just weird to set the precedent that opening
               | up your standard means you're now a monopolist.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | The conversation is about what if Tesla doesn't open the
               | standard to one company. An unlikely situation likely.
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | Mr. Rockefeller from Standard Oil on line 2.
        
           | evilfred wrote:
           | why would Tesla be involved? NACS is an open standard
        
       | formerly_proven wrote:
       | * in the US only, since NACS is becoming the US standard.
        
         | SEJeff wrote:
         | * in north america, which also includes Canada.
        
           | iso8859-1 wrote:
           | Will Greenland use NACS? Probably not.
        
             | rubyn00bie wrote:
             | Huh? It feels like you're just being overly pedantic for no
             | reason. From Wikipedia and numerous other sources:
             | 
             | > Though a part of the continent of North America,
             | Greenland has been politically and culturally associated
             | with Europe.
        
               | iso8859-1 wrote:
               | It's not even clear if it will prevail in Mexico:
               | https://mobilityportal.lat/carga-nacs-estandarizacion-
               | nortea...
        
           | CaptainOfCoit wrote:
           | Don't forget the neighbor in the south North America too,
           | Mexico.
        
             | SEJeff wrote:
             | You're absolutely right. Thankyou.
             | 
             | I guess in my head I grouped Latin America with South
             | America which wasn't correct.
        
       | cr3ative wrote:
       | ...in America. Europe here quite nicely standardising on CCS2.
        
         | alsodumb wrote:
         | US is standardizing quite nicely too, on Tesla's charging
         | standard. I can't think of a company that is not planning to
         | use Tesla's charger going forward.
        
           | jader201 wrote:
           | Not really. Many Tesla Superchargers are being equipped with
           | Magic Dock, which is perpetuating CCS.
           | 
           | More manufacturers may be moving to NACS, but it's not like
           | chargers are moving away from CCS. If anything, the CCS
           | infrastructure is growing.
        
             | InTheArena wrote:
             | CCS is dead with this. I expect magic dock installs to
             | stop.
        
               | jsight wrote:
               | I think they are still a requirement for NEVI, and Tesla
               | has won a few contracts for NEVI sites.
               | 
               | I do expect them to stop eventually though. IMO, part of
               | the reason they exist is that it lets them collect real
               | world data on supercharger and adapter usage before the
               | bigger rollouts next year.
        
             | eichin wrote:
             | How widespread is that really? After the first deployment
             | (where every EV youtuber east of the Mississippi converged
             | on one tesla lot in New York :-) I haven't seen it in tech
             | news since, and looking in the app I see 2 private
             | ("destination") chargers in all of MA, and none in CT...
        
         | Hamuko wrote:
         | Yeah, even Tesla uses CCS.
         | 
         | https://electrek.co/2018/11/14/tesla-model-3-ccs-2-plug-euro...
        
           | stephen_g wrote:
           | Same in Australia, Tesla and most other EVs are all CCS Type
           | 2 here, except for some CHAdeMO in Japanese cars, but I can't
           | see that being a priority for charging networks going forward
           | so I expect that to dwindle and they will have to switch to
           | CCS like everyone else.
        
         | Moto7451 wrote:
         | IIRC it's a legal requirement vs just a standard like CCS1.
         | South Korea has the same legal demand for CCS1 so it'll be
         | interesting to see what happens with NACS there.
         | 
         | I personally don't mind using CCS vs NACS. I didn't feel super
         | inspired by the flex I felt when inserting a supercharger's
         | plug into a Model 3 but clearly it works fine in practice.
         | 
         | My guess is that Electrify America with NACS plugs will still
         | be just as problematic if they're unreliable in your area. Plug
         | vs Network vs Hardware are being conflated in this discussion.
         | Adding CCS to Superchargers would have worked just as well but
         | that's not how America works in this case.
        
           | InTheArena wrote:
           | CCS charging infrastructure is just awful. This is a problem
           | mostly with infrastructure, but also with design compromises
           | in the CCS design - both physical and software.
        
         | jsight wrote:
         | I suspect the US would have done the same thing, if
         | manufacturers had done CCS2 instead of CCS1. Also would have
         | helped if the US had done "bring your own cable", which seems
         | to be common in Europe.
         | 
         | Interestingly, the new NACS standardization process seems to be
         | encouraging that as well.
        
           | pornel wrote:
           | BYOC is only for slow AC charging. All CCS2 DC chargers have
           | cables built-in.
        
         | stetrain wrote:
         | CCS1 is worse than CCS2 in a couple of ways. The latching
         | mechanism is external which is bulkier and more fragile, and it
         | doesn't support 3-phase AC charging.
         | 
         | NACS does everything CCS1 does in a more compact package with
         | an internal vehicle locking mechanism similar to what CCS2
         | uses. It also doesn't support 3-phase AC charging but this
         | isn't very common in light commercial or residential service in
         | the US.
         | 
         | NACS / J3400 will likely stay a North American standard though,
         | or maybe migrate to a few other markets like S. Korea which
         | have also used CCS1. That lack of 3-phase support makes it a
         | non-starter in Europe and CCS2 works perfectly fine there.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | Yeah, because CCS1 only supports 1 phase AC because the usual
         | standard of residential power is 1 phase AC.
         | 
         | In contrast, in Europe 3 phase AC is the standard, so it makes
         | sense to support that advantage (especially the 400V across the
         | legs) in charging vehicles.
        
           | ComputerGuru wrote:
           | Three phase power is _not_ "the standard" in Europe. It's
           | more available perhaps, but certainly not the default
           | residential hookup.
        
             | jgilias wrote:
             | Europe is big. Where I live it's pretty much the default.
             | You can get a 1-phase connection, but you basically need to
             | downgrade to it, and all the default wiring would be done
             | in a way to support 3 phases if needed.
        
             | Symbiote wrote:
             | In some European countries it is (even in my apartment in
             | Copenhagen), in others it isn't.
             | 
             | Where it isn't the default, it's generally available for an
             | extra fee, and may well be the default for buildings
             | slightly larger than a house -- a shop, mechanic, etc.
        
             | apexalpha wrote:
             | in The Netherlands is absolutely is the default.
             | 
             | My home, built in 1971, had 1 phase connected to it but the
             | power company already buried the 2 extra copper wires for
             | 3-phase hookup, requiring only a new meter for 3 phase to
             | be installed.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | It is the default for building hookups (i.e. excluding
             | individual apartments/condos/flats, but EV chargers don't
             | make sense there anyway) at least in the Western European
             | countries - can't speak for much of Eastern Europe but
             | Croatia where it is also the default. Even during the 60s
             | when the home of my grandparents was built in back-then
             | Communist Yugoslavia, it was already 3 phase.
             | 
             | Our transmission grid (that actually extends even down to
             | Africa and parts of Asia!) is already three phases, we're
             | not sparsely settled to require SWER anywhere, so it
             | doesn't save the utilities any money to not lay three-phase
             | AC to every building by default.
        
       | lnsru wrote:
       | Logical move. North American Charging Standard does not exist in
       | Europe making car re-import much more difficult.
        
         | m3kw9 wrote:
         | If it's electrical it wouldn't be too hard to conver from one
         | standard to another using an adapter, since it's standard on
         | both sides there will be a money incentive to make one
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | How about voltage / current / communication? Seems quite a
           | complicated problem, it's not just a case of different USB
           | plug styles..
        
             | jsight wrote:
             | It actually is very similar to USB plug styles. NACS
             | communicates the same way that CCS does. Converting between
             | NACS and CCS1 or CCS2 connectors should be easy.
             | 
             | The biggest issue is the amount of current involved.
        
             | 0xfae wrote:
             | Actually USB is a great example.
             | 
             | USB C can charge at 5v, 10v, 20v, etc. When you plug in a
             | device to the charger a hand shake happens between the
             | charger and device and they choose the voltage and amperage
             | that makes sense. A macbook pro can take 100W over USBC but
             | obviously your headphones or phone aren't going to.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Tesla is using the same communication standard, they just
             | combine AC and DC on the same pins which means an adapter
             | can be pretty cheap.
        
             | kwhitefoot wrote:
             | The voltage and current are determined by negotiation
             | between the car and charger. There were plenty of US Teslas
             | imported into Norway in the early days. They have no
             | trouble charging here. If necessary a simple conversion can
             | be done.
             | 
             | Making my 2015 S70D that had a Type 2 connector work with
             | CCS2 was a 300 USD conversion. I can't see any reason why
             | converting from NACS to CCS2 would be any more difficult or
             | expensive.
        
             | azinman2 wrote:
             | Remember teslas come with a CCS adapter that can go the
             | other way.
        
         | SEJeff wrote:
         | So there is actually a technical reason here. NACS isn't a
         | thing in Europe because 3 Phase power is much more common in
         | Europe. NACS does not support 3 Phase power, and as a result,
         | is not that common in Europe.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | 3 phase is very common in the US. Most single family houses
           | don't have it, everything else is likely to have it.
           | 
           | For chargers 3 phase gains nothing. For induction motors 3
           | phase is useful - but in the modern world even where you have
           | 3 phase you often will run the power through a VFC just so
           | you get control of RPM. For a few other things 3 phase is
           | nice because there is always one phase that isn't near zero
           | to draw power from, but where that matters you can work
           | around it with a few capacitors.
        
             | jankeymeulen wrote:
             | 3 phase typically has 400V between the phases and neutral
             | in Europe, the phases don't gain you anything, but the
             | voltage does.
        
               | phs2501 wrote:
               | Pretty sure residential 3-phase in Europe is 400V phase-
               | to-phase, it's 220V phase-to-neutral.
        
               | qayxc wrote:
               | make that 230V (min.) or rather 240V (nominal).
        
               | ajsnigrutin wrote:
               | 230V nominal in EU
        
               | qayxc wrote:
               | You're right, though tolerances allow for up 253V since
               | 2009. I usually measure between 235V and 242V from the
               | wall.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | It's 220/240 volt RMS to neutral, which is about 312 volt
               | maximum to neutral at the top of the phase.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Voltage is solely a matter of how the transformer is
               | wound. In the US you get a choice when you contact the
               | power company, 208, 240, 440, and 480 are all voltages
               | I've personally seen in the US, depending on the area
               | (not all utilities will provide all voltages, so there
               | are some I haven't seen)
        
               | ajsnigrutin wrote:
               | 3 phases give you three times amount the power as 1-phase
               | with only 4 wires (instead of 2 in a single phase, or 3x
               | the thickness).
        
             | SEJeff wrote:
             | The NACS standard still only supports single phase power.
             | It was the electrician who installed my home charger that
             | said it is why they weren't in Europe homes.
        
               | gabrielhidasy wrote:
               | NACS supports either one or two phases for AC charging
               | which would be used in most home chargers. A really high
               | power charger would use DC with the AC/DC conversion
               | happening before (and that could be from a three-phase
               | source)
        
               | ianburrell wrote:
               | What the US has is split phase power, when one phase is
               | 240V and that is split to make two 120V legs. NACS
               | supports single phase power, either 120V (Level 1) or
               | 240V (Level 2).
               | 
               | There is no such thing as two-phase power, there is
               | single-phase or three-phase. Since three-phase is better
               | than two-phase.
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | > NACS supports either one or two phases for AC charging
               | which would be used in most home chargers.
               | 
               | Lots of european homes have 3-phase service. I have
               | 3-phase 400V in my flat.
        
             | stephen_g wrote:
             | Theoretically perhaps, but practically, most single phase
             | AC EV chargers on Europe/Australia etc. are only 7 kW but
             | 3-phase are 11 or 22 kW (both 7 kW and 22 kW are about 30 A
             | per phase, but three phase you obviously have three of
             | them, so three times the power!). That's not "gaining
             | nothing"!
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | While sometimes you get more power on 3 phase, that is
               | only about the size of the feed and nothing to do with 3
               | phase.
        
               | ajsnigrutin wrote:
               | But you have three feeds giving you three phases to use,
               | so 3x the power available to you. Out here, even electric
               | stoves (with ovens) have 3 phase connection options and
               | tankless water heaters almost exclusively come as 3 phase
               | models.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Power is volts times amps. 3 phase just means you add the
               | power of all three phases, but you can get the same power
               | from one phase with a little algebra. You need different
               | size wires and breakers, but there is nothing there that
               | 3 phases gives you.
        
               | ajsnigrutin wrote:
               | Let's say you have a cable with 2.5mm^2 wires, each of
               | which can carry 20A of current to stay within code. At
               | 230V that's 4600W.
               | 
               | Now you want more power, to keep the math simple, let's
               | say 13800W (3x the power above).
               | 
               | With a one phase system, for 3x the power, you need 3x
               | the size of wire, so 7.5mm^2, ie. 3x the amount of copper
               | (since all wires, neutral and PE have to be that size
               | too).
               | 
               | With a three phase system, you can get the same power
               | with 3x2.5mm^2 live wires (+1 neutral + 1 PE), so instead
               | of 3x the amount of copper, you only need 5/3's of copper
               | to get 3x the power.
        
               | Gasp0de wrote:
               | With three phases in Europe you get 400v, which means
               | less amps for the same power, which means lower losses or
               | thinner cables?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | You can get 400V 3 phase in the US. While houses don't,
               | almost all commercial locations have it already. So most
               | public chargers in the US have 3 phase available. charge
               | at home doesn't, but those tend to be lower power charge
               | all night vs the charge in half and hour commercial
               | chargers.
        
             | CorrectHorseBat wrote:
             | 3 phases give you 3x the power for only 2x the amount of
             | copper
        
               | gabrielhidasy wrote:
               | And two phases give you 2x the power for the same copper.
        
             | foobarian wrote:
             | I'm guessing the calculation would be based the other way,
             | i.e. whether there is an installed base or not. If you have
             | a 3-phase source, not using all the phases would limit
             | total power delivery needlessly. So most European
             | residences will want 3-phase charging.
        
           | ajsnigrutin wrote:
           | On the other hand, there are A LOT more volkswagens and audis
           | in europe (and even some porsches) than teslas. Add seat,
           | opel and skoda to this, and the number is even higher.
        
             | chrisjc wrote:
             | While that is true to some extent, it's a very dynamic
             | situation/market.
             | 
             | https://electrek.co/2023/12/19/audi-puts-big-ev-push-on-
             | the-...
             | 
             | https://electrek.co/2023/11/16/volkswagens-ev-woes-worsen-
             | ov...
             | 
             | VW owns Audi, Seat and Skoda.
             | 
             | (On a side-note, I own a VW EV and love it)
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | The main reason is not technical, it's that the EU mandated
           | CCS2 back in 2013. From then on, Tesla's plug became
           | irrelevant, chargers must have CCS2.
        
         | stetrain wrote:
         | There were already two connector standards for NA and EU, CCS
         | Combo 1 vs CCS Combo 2.
         | 
         | NACS / J3400 is a different connector but still uses CCS
         | communication protocols. So there isn't a huge market
         | differentiation border in swapping CCS Combo 1 to NACS.
         | 
         | There is an additional requirement with NACS that the vehicle
         | needs to route both AC and DC charging over the same connector
         | pins.
        
         | ggreer wrote:
         | Adapters cost a few hundred dollars. That's not much compared
         | to the cost of shipping a car across an ocean.
        
       | clouddrover wrote:
       | > _Volkswagen Group, which also owns Audi, Porsche, and Scout
       | Motors, is finally doing what nearly every other automaker has
       | already done: announce its intention to adopt Tesla's electric
       | vehicle charging standard._
       | 
       | The reporting around this has been so poor. NACS is CCS with
       | Tesla's plug on the end.
       | 
       | What's happening is that CCS has won the EV charging protocol
       | wars, Tesla's plug is being standardized as CCS type 3 (aka SAE
       | J3400), and Tesla's chargers will use the CCS protocol (like they
       | already do in Europe and elsewhere).
       | 
       | To use NACS chargers older Teslas will need a CCS retrofit:
       | 
       | https://electrek.co/2023/02/28/tesla-ccs-adapter-retrofit-pr...
        
         | valine wrote:
         | When people talk about standardizing the charge port they're
         | talking about the shape of the port not the protocol. Tesla has
         | supported the CCS protocol for years now.
         | 
         | The Tesla port is vastly superior to the CCS type 1 port. They
         | should get credit for making it an open standard.
        
           | clouddrover wrote:
           | Yes, people aren't aware of what's happening. That's a
           | consequence of lazy reporting.
           | 
           | Tesla's charging standard is being dropped and CCS will be
           | used by everyone. It's a shame North America still has years
           | of plug incompatibilities and adapter fiddling to look
           | forward to.
           | 
           | Europe really got EV charging standardization right. The
           | European EV infrastructure is much further advanced than the
           | North American infrastructure thanks in part to sensible
           | standardization.
        
             | SEJeff wrote:
             | > It's a shame North America still has years of plug
             | incompatibilities and adapter fiddling
             | 
             | Not really, Tesla has over 24k charging stalls in the US.
             | The second biggest is Electrify America, and they have only
             | 3,800 charging stalls. There really aren't a lot of EV
             | chargers that are non-tesla in the US, unlike the EU.
        
               | clouddrover wrote:
               | There are 7,869 locations and 15,661 CCS ports in the US
               | and Canada (versus 2,297 locations and 25,247 Tesla
               | ports):
               | 
               | https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity_locations.html
               | 
               | It's plugs on chargers and inlets on cars. It'll be a
               | slow and tedious process.
        
               | jsight wrote:
               | TBH, the afdc data badly overstates the number of
               | available locations. Not only do they include a lot of
               | broken or otherwise inaccessible locations, but they
               | include things like this:
               | https://www.plugshare.com/location/1564
               | 
               | I think that currently holds the record for the slowest
               | DCFC in the country. :)
        
               | SEJeff wrote:
               | > max 13A, 4kW
               | 
               | Wow! You'd get a better charge from a standard 15A 110V
               | AC plug.
        
               | jaguar1878 wrote:
               | No, you want to compare Watts, not Volts, as Watts
               | measures power and Volts is just potential.
               | 
               | A 15A 110V outlet can supply 1500W continuous (1.5kW). A
               | 4kW DC charger is almost three times higher power than
               | this.
        
               | SEJeff wrote:
               | I didn't include the crappy L2 destination chargers, of
               | which there are a whole lot more of that support teslas.
               | 
               | I was referring to the L3 superchargers / fast chargers
               | or equivalent. The majority of the ones you linked are L2
               | chargers are are not that useful outside of destination
               | charging.
        
               | clouddrover wrote:
               | That is DC fast chargers. If you include J1772 AC
               | chargers in the count the numbers are 66,093 locations
               | and 146,206 ports.
        
               | freeAgent wrote:
               | It sounds like you're talking about DCFC. AC chargers are
               | much more common and they are predominantly using the
               | J1772 connector today.
        
             | maxdo wrote:
             | Stop misleading people.
             | 
             | The opposite is happening. Tesla is opening their network
             | to other brands. Ford and a few other car makers have
             | already agreed. In new cars made from 2025, you can go to
             | the only properly working charging network, plug in the
             | car, and leave with no credit card hustle. Basically, like
             | Tesla had forever.
             | 
             | It's a shame other brands didn't adopt a much better Tesla
             | adapter as a standard. It's much more convenient and light.
             | 
             | I've seen how adapters work; they work badly and are
             | glitchy. So, if someone buys a car with an old port in
             | 2024, they will start to see lots of pain in 2025.
        
               | clouddrover wrote:
               | > _Tesla is opening their network to other brands._
               | 
               | By implementing CCS. How do you think it works in Europe
               | right now? They all use CCS, both cars and chargers.
               | Tesla included.
        
               | maxdo wrote:
               | NACS is protocol agnostic. Cars in Europe have different
               | plugs.
               | 
               | Tesla will use their protocol and support CCS on
               | chargers.
               | 
               | What Tesla offers to other brands in North America is
               | much more advanced.
               | 
               | New cars will be able to see on the map how many stalls
               | are available etc.
               | 
               | Payments integration etc.
               | 
               | It's a far more deeper integration and I guess that's the
               | real big deal that needs to be standardized.
               | 
               | Tesla got the best-in-class charging experience, and
               | finally, in 1 year, other brands can have somewhat
               | matching capabilities.
        
               | clouddrover wrote:
               | > _NACS is protocol agnostic._
               | 
               | Yes, it's just plug on the end of a CCS charger.
               | 
               | > _What Tesla offers to other brands in North America is
               | much more advanced._
               | 
               | They're offering CCS. It's how it works whether you like
               | it or not.
        
               | jsight wrote:
               | I'm not sure what you mean w/r/t the adapters. It sounds
               | like most manufacturers will just use Tesla supplied
               | adapters. I doubt they will be very bulky. They might
               | even be easier to use than native CCS1. :)
        
           | kwhitefoot wrote:
           | No one is installing CCS1 any more surely?
        
             | jsight wrote:
             | I think they will keep installing them for another few
             | years. NEVI requires it and there are still quite a few
             | CCS1 cars on the road. All of the cars that are switching
             | will still ship with the CCS1 port next year too. They
             | don't fully switch until 2025.
        
             | valine wrote:
             | CCS1 is still dominate in North America. CCS2 only got
             | traction in Europe.
        
         | maxdo wrote:
         | It's the opposite. Every single EV car that is sold right now
         | in North America except Tesla will need a retrofit. Read the
         | article you shared. It's for use on _other charging_ stations.
         | 
         | In the picture, you see a dead charger adapter converted into a
         | new Tesla standard one. It's a major pain for other brand EV
         | owners
         | 
         | In 1 year, almost at every charging station, you will have to
         | deal with plugging converters in snow, rain, etc, making sure
         | communication works.
        
           | clouddrover wrote:
           | > _Every single EV car that is sold right now in North
           | America except Tesla will need a retrofit._
           | 
           | No, they won't need a new ECU because they are already CCS
           | cars. They'll need a dumb adapter if they can't get a new
           | inlet installed.
        
             | amluto wrote:
             | I expect a degree of intelligence to be important in the
             | adapter. Specifically, unless the adapter is rated for the
             | highest possible current and voltage that the physical form
             | factor can support (1kV, 600A? Is there even a pre-ordained
             | limit? Tesla reports that they've tested NACS up to quite
             | impressive voltages and currents.), then the adapter needs
             | to tell the car and/or charger to limit voltage and
             | current. Otherwise it risks arcing and/or overheating.
             | 
             | Also, whatever water cooling magic keeps the charger plug
             | and its terminals cool won't cool the adapter.
             | 
             | Even the little charge-a-J1772-car-off-a-Tesla-
             | level-2-charger hack adapters are generally dumb adapters
             | designed for 40A or so and are _not safe_ if connected to a
             | full-spec 80A EVSE.
        
               | Rebelgecko wrote:
               | Isn't that negotiation already part of the CCS protocol?
               | Otherwise 400v cars would be fried when they end up
               | getting 800v from an L3 charger, or a Bolt would end up
               | getting 300kW that it can't actually use
        
               | clouddrover wrote:
               | > _I expect a degree of intelligence to be important in
               | the adapter._
               | 
               | No, that's done by the car. The adapter just changes the
               | shape of the plug.
               | 
               | The car controls the charge curve.
        
       | blabla1224 wrote:
       | I won't be surprised if Tesla becomes a platform for other
       | automakers like android from Google in the future
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Auto makers are used to making their own platforms, and they
         | won't change. Making a platform is not the hard part, and there
         | are advantages to a custom platform for each vehicle.
        
           | newsclues wrote:
           | Auto makers are used to integrating technology from other
           | companies like Bosch.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | But not their platforms. Automakers generally make their
             | own platforms (though they will rebadge someone else's
             | too), engines (again they share with each other, but most
             | have their own), and transmissions. Everything else is
             | outsourced to companies like Bosch.
        
         | chrisjc wrote:
         | It definitely seems like Tesla is slowly seeping into the world
         | of other car manufactures in an ongoing manner. And I don't
         | think they/we have given much thought to what's yet to come.
         | Batteries, auto-pilot, training/inference,
         | manufacturing/robotics, and so on...
         | 
         | Do any of really think, especially given the track record, that
         | most of the auto-industry is going to be able to do any of this
         | alone? I imagine that eventually it will come down to a choice
         | between partnering with a bunch of disparate tech/manufacturing
         | companies or Tesla.
         | 
         | We all know there is disruption to come in general, but it's
         | going to hit the incumbent auto-manufacturers like a brick if
         | they don't wake up soon.
        
       | InTheArena wrote:
       | I think people are missing the big story here. This is Tesla
       | winning the charging network battle (it wasn't close before
       | this). Any EV car (which will eventually be all cars) will
       | immediately be available for Tesla's supercharger network. This
       | gives Tesla a massive revenue stream and scale to grow that
       | network even bigger. Anyone who wants their superchargers has to
       | also support all Teslas.
        
         | mupuff1234 wrote:
         | But it also takes away Tesla's biggest advantage, no? The
         | charging network was a big reason to buy a tesla and now that's
         | gone.
         | 
         | So perhaps they will actually end up losing more revenue than
         | gaining.
        
           | adrianN wrote:
           | I would expect that in the near future EVs become commodities
           | based on a small handful of licensed platforms. Owning the
           | charging network is a nice hedge against losing the battle to
           | become one of the platforms.
        
             | mupuff1234 wrote:
             | Maybe, but a charging network is not quite a trillion
             | dollar business, not to mention that the charging network
             | will also become a commodity (especially since the charging
             | protocol is open)
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | I disagree. People like their car to look new/different,
             | and volumes on cars are high enough that the advantages of
             | a custom platform is worth the cost of designing it.
        
               | adrianN wrote:
               | The design of the car is only loosely related to the
               | skateboard that contains the battery and the drivetrain.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Skateboard makes even less sense for EVs than for ICEs.
               | in an ICE you have a large engine and various axels that
               | have to be in specific places. With an EV you have more
               | room to move the motors around where they makes sense.
               | While you need a lot of batteries, each cell is small, so
               | you want to put things like seats in the car first and
               | then add cells anywhere there is extra room.
        
               | sbininit wrote:
               | Yeah some cars (like the polestar) have really shallow
               | rear-seat legroom, which was a total showstopper. They
               | could have move some of those batteries to the
               | trunk/frunk
        
               | yurishimo wrote:
               | They could, but there is also a cost to separating the
               | batteries. More cables, which means more resistance,
               | which means inefficiency. Not to mention the extra design
               | and manufacturing costs.
               | 
               | In practice, I don't think any company is meaningfully
               | splitting up their battery pack to take advantage of
               | "better" packaging logistics elsewhere in the frame/body.
               | I know in this example, they could still likely be
               | loosely attached in the same plane, but with less density
               | under the cabin, but I think my point holds.
        
               | tomatotomato37 wrote:
               | Considering 90% of modern consumer automobiles use a
               | monocoque frame the design means everything to the
               | chassis
        
               | Skunkleton wrote:
               | > People like their car to look new/different
               | 
               | That's true in my experience. Though it is interesting
               | that cars look more and more similar over time rather
               | than different.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | There are probably two main answers to that.
               | 
               | - People generally like their vehicles to look different
               | but not too different. Design of everything is a fashion
               | industry.
               | 
               | - Fuel efficiency, practicality, and safety requirements
               | all lead to a certain level of convergence.
        
             | 0xffff2 wrote:
             | Why would this be true for EVs when it's clearly not true
             | for ICE vehicles?
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | >> Owning the charging network is a nice hedge against
             | losing the battle to become one of the platforms.
             | 
             | Charging networks are IMHO not a viable long term business
             | model. Building out a "platform" to sell commodity
             | electrons is utterly stupid. Nobody wants the stupid app,
             | they want to charge at McDonalds along the highway while
             | they grab something to eat.
        
               | tw04 wrote:
               | >Charging networks are IMHO not a viable long term
               | business model.
               | 
               | Sort of like gas stations weren't a viable long-term
               | business model?
               | 
               | > Nobody wants the stupid app, they want to charge at
               | McDonalds along the highway while they grab something to
               | eat.
               | 
               | So you should put your chargers near convenient
               | amenities... like a convenience store... like a gas
               | station?
        
               | wil421 wrote:
               | Tesla isn't building C-Stores that sell Gas or Electrons.
               | The superchargers I've seen are in some random parking
               | lot without a restroom or convenience store selling
               | stuff.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Some of them, but I've also seen Tesla at various truck
               | stops. In rural areas building at a convenience store
               | make sense: they already have restrooms, some form of
               | restaurant and various other things to buy on site -
               | everything a traveler needs for a quick break to fill the
               | car before getting back on the road.
               | 
               | In cities I think we will see less chargers as most
               | people just go home to charge. However in poor areas they
               | will be at places like grocery stores so you those who
               | don't have at-home charging can charge and shop.
        
               | phkahler wrote:
               | Not quite. Gas stations don't have enough to keep a
               | person busy for an entire charge session. You need real
               | shopping or a place to sit down to eat. They will also
               | not be needed in town near your home, since people will
               | just charge at home.
        
               | speedgoose wrote:
               | Norway is perhaps a bit special, but this is very common
               | for service stations along the roads or in Oslo to have
               | many fast chargers. You can buy a drink or some food, and
               | most have some space to sit down.
        
               | yurishimo wrote:
               | I remember the first time I visited a gas station in
               | Belgium (?) off the highway that actually had 10 or so
               | "standing tables" to eat at from the two restaurant
               | options in the building. We sit for 4+ hours between
               | fill-ups; why do we not see this as the standard in most
               | places, with more limited seating for the
               | elderly/disabled or children who cannot reach a full
               | height standing table?
               | 
               | As an American, it was really eye opening!
        
               | newsclues wrote:
               | Infrastructure (to provide fuel or energy for
               | transportation) is a long term business model.
        
               | mupuff1234 wrote:
               | Aren't superchargers just the endpoint? Isn't the actual
               | infrastructure mostly the power/energy companies?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Yes, but those already have most of the needed
               | infrastructure. Most gas stations have enough power to
               | run a couple level chargers - they just don't have the
               | chargers (note I said 1 or 2 chargers, not 8+ which is
               | what anyone serious about charging needs to install)
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | If Tesla hasn't played nice they would have lost too as
           | everyone else rolled out the CCS standard cars networks would
           | have responded and most chargers wouldn't support your Tesla.
        
           | toddmorey wrote:
           | I wonder how profitable operating the charging network is.
           | I've always thought they probably operate the locations at
           | break even at best, but I honestly don't know.
           | 
           | I do think any Tesla owner will tell you the charging infra
           | is always scales behind demand and there are often delays
           | waiting for an available spot. Hopefully a universal standard
           | means more operators will participate. I just hope the
           | payment experience can remain seamless.
        
           | yardie wrote:
           | I feel the bigger goal is the viability of the network effect
           | (clustering) of electric cars. When Tesla was the only
           | electric car company most buyers thought it was neat but
           | didn't really consider it. A lot of buyers want their next
           | vehicle to be EV but have range anxiety. While the Model 3/Y
           | was top seller amongst EV buyers it's overall marketshare is
           | still miniscule. More competition drives more churn which
           | creates more transactions.
        
             | chrisjc wrote:
             | > While the Model 3/Y was top seller amongst EV buyers it's
             | overall marketshare is still miniscule.
             | 
             | Perhaps I'm misinterpreting your statement, but the Model Y
             | has become the best selling car in the world. That includes
             | ICE vehicles, not just EVs. If you exclude trucks, I think
             | it has also recently become the best selling car in the US,
             | overtaking the Rav4.
        
               | FireBeyond wrote:
               | > but the Model Y has become the best selling car in the
               | world.
               | 
               | That doesn't directly correlate to marketshare. The MY is
               | going to need many many quarters of being the best
               | selling car to have marketshare equal to many other ICE
               | models.
        
           | SCM-Enthusiast wrote:
           | is it really gone? Tesla will still have a OEM advantage here
           | in the software and internals. Alot of the "Technology" here
           | is the software that does thermal management and the like.
           | Tesla's still charge faster on a supercharger than a ford
           | f-150 would, and i imagine some future where buying a Tesla
           | gets you "Credits" to use at the chargers.
           | 
           | Tesla has much different goals than the other car
           | manufacturers. Although energy sales are only around 5% of
           | total revenue, Tesla expects that to change going forward.
        
             | agloe_dreams wrote:
             | Tesla already charges more to charge a non-tesla.
        
           | malermeister wrote:
           | Tesla was always going to lose the EV battle in the long run
           | - if not to VW and co, then to BYD and co.
           | 
           | This lets them pivot to something where they have a huge
           | moat.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | They have less a moat here. Anyone can buy a level 3
             | charger and install it. while the economics of that are not
             | clear, they are becoming clearer as EVs catch on. Many gas
             | stations are looking at if chargers make sense long term,
             | and if it does they will also install chargers.
        
             | hnburnsy wrote:
             | Seems like the auto market is plenty large enough for
             | multiple winners.
        
           | agloe_dreams wrote:
           | Yes and no. Tesla already has the #1 selling car (Model Y)
           | and makes up more than half of EVs sold in the US. Eventually
           | other networks were going to catch up. Now the other half
           | will pay them too but they own the network. Long term it was
           | the right choice.
        
             | mupuff1234 wrote:
             | But like you said, other networks will eventually catch up
             | so long term tesla won't control the network either.
        
           | CapitalistCartr wrote:
           | People buy Teslas because they like them. Although chargers
           | are necessary, they aren't sufficient.
           | 
           | Walmart has had 25 years to outcompete Amazon, and is still
           | clueless. Phone makers have had 15 years to beat Apple, and
           | the competition is still not as polished.
           | 
           | (Personally, I don't prefer Teslas or iPhones.)
        
           | bwat49 wrote:
           | Fragmented infrastructure benefits no one. Imagine if you
           | could only fill up your ICE vehicle at shell stations because
           | of your vehicle's brand.
           | 
           | Fragmentation of the charging infrastructure puts a hard
           | limit on EV adoption, they will never replace ICE vehicles
           | unless the infrastructure becomes as ubiquitous as gas
           | stations.
        
             | izacus wrote:
             | It benefits Tesla right now - because people bought Teslas
             | due to their charging network. It'll stop being a big
             | benefit and that's great for competition.
        
             | ggreer wrote:
             | It's hard to make direct analogies because unlike gas
             | vehicles, EVs "refuel" at home. You wake up every day with
             | a full tank of gas. Fast DC chargers are mostly for road
             | trips.
             | 
             | And while it's a good thing that everyone has adopted the
             | same charging standard, branding is just as important. Gas
             | at gas stations is fungible. EV chargers are most certainly
             | not. Right now Tesla's charging network is the only option
             | that is fast and reliable.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | So long as the charger supports the same connector they
               | all work - some might be a level2 charger that takes
               | forever, but you plug it into any car.
               | 
               | Gas stations can choose from 3-10 grades of gas (octane,
               | ethanol content, road tax) to sell, and 2-6 grades of
               | diesel (cetane, gel point, road tax) depending on what
               | the distributor offers - no station sells them all (at
               | least not that I'm aware of), and getting the wrong fuel
               | can be fatal. Stations also can choose their own additive
               | package which can make a difference.
               | 
               | Note that in almost all cases there is only one
               | distributor you can buy from. Electric is generally a
               | legal monopoly, while gasoline the closest supplier
               | generally has a pipeline and thus can offer much cheaper
               | prices so while it is legal to buy elsewhere it isn't
               | practical.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | > unlike gas vehicles, EVs "refuel" at home. You wake up
               | every day with a full tank of gas.
               | 
               | Only for the subset of the population that owns a home
               | with off street parking. People in denser neighborhoods,
               | appartments buildings or who rent their property will be
               | looking to top off while running errands or at work.
        
           | highwaylights wrote:
           | Honestly I doubt it. Musk already said himself that the
           | company hinges on getting to full self-driving _eventually_ ,
           | so it wouldn't be surprising if every other decision is
           | ultimately in service of that however unlikely it now seems.
           | 
           | Either way, I think it's terrific business. Would you rather
           | have a dependable advantage that helps you stay further ahead
           | of competitors in one industry, or have slightly less of an
           | advantage (when you're already in the lead) and get to
           | dominate a whole second industry too (gas stations, for which
           | superchargers have no peers in the EV world).
        
             | ethanbond wrote:
             | Every new manufacturer switching to the Tesla standard
             | further incentivizes e.g. BP, Shell, etc. to offer charging
             | though. I don't see why they'd dominate this space.
        
               | highwaylights wrote:
               | Im working on the assumption that they'd need Tesla's
               | consent to use their interface and protocols.
        
               | chrisjc wrote:
               | Nope. Tesla has opened up the standard, but there are a
               | few caveats.
        
               | chrisjc wrote:
               | Exactly. But with a twist:
               | 
               | https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/bp-boosts-ev-
               | chargi...
               | 
               | https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/uk-
               | pet...
        
           | chrisjc wrote:
           | Not necessarily. Using the plug doesn't imply that you have
           | to use Tesla's charging network, even while still using
           | Tesla's charging hardware.
           | 
           | Tesla is already working on deals to sell their super/ultra-
           | fast chargers to others like EG Group and BP. Expect the
           | number of those deals to grow.
           | 
           | I would argue that this will benefit those with with Teslas.
           | As Tesla scales up to meet the demand for their charging
           | hardware, the cost should drop while availability increases.
           | 
           | Moreover, as the number of independent networks that use
           | Tesla's charging hardware grows, there will be additional
           | pressure/leverage/lobbying on the government, electric
           | companies, etc to provide the behind-the-scenes
           | infrastructure that theses charging locations require. Tesla
           | has on numerous occasions asserted that this is one of the
           | most difficult parts of growing their charging network in
           | places that have the greatest demand.
           | 
           | https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/uk-
           | pet...
           | 
           | https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/bp-boosts-ev-
           | chargi...
        
           | basiccalendar74 wrote:
           | by opening up supercharging network, Tesla becomes eligible
           | for billions of federal money. that tips the scales towards
           | open superchargers.
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | The actual gains are never discussed. It could be massive or
         | much less than you expect.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | https://electrek.co/2023/08/25/tesla-supercharger-network-
           | bi... ("Tesla Supercharger network to become $10 to $20
           | billion a year business, says Wedbush")
           | 
           | > With Tesla now having a fleet of millions of vehicles using
           | the network and opening it up to EVs from other automakers,
           | financial analysts are starting to see the Supercharger
           | network has a massive business that is going to partly
           | replace gas stations, and they want to value it.
           | 
           | > Wedbush Securities analyst Dan Ives, who has been covering
           | Tesla for a long time, came out with a new note to clients
           | today in which he stated that he believes the Supercharger
           | network will represent 3% to 6% of Tesla's total revenue or
           | $10 to $20 billion in revenue by 2030.
        
             | 1970-01-01 wrote:
             | Estimates aren't gains. Something in their financials
             | report would be a much better and accurate representation
             | of gains.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Valuations and future revenue expectations are based on
               | forecasting, based on currently available information.
        
           | intrasight wrote:
           | At least they are not charging a license fee for the
           | connector.
        
             | jmac01 wrote:
             | Yet
        
               | stetrain wrote:
               | It's a standard published by SAE:
               | 
               | https://www.sae.org/news/2023/12/sae-j3400-tir-released
               | 
               | Access to Tesla's charging network is a separate issue,
               | but the connector itself is a published standard.
        
             | squarefoot wrote:
             | Probably having the brand Tesla exposed to other cars
             | drivers will be enough PR.
        
               | intrasight wrote:
               | How is the brand exposed? Do the plugs have to have the
               | Tesla name or logo on them?
        
               | natch wrote:
               | Google "Tesla supercharger" and you'll see plenty of
               | pictures of the huge installed base with the brand
               | clearly there.
               | 
               | That being said, if any of these legacy companies who
               | were not willing to invest in a charging network decide
               | they want to finally step up and install some chargers of
               | their own (I'm not holding my breath for any at scale),
               | I'm pretty certain there will be no requirement for Tesla
               | branding. Elon has said he doesn't give a shit about
               | branding.
               | 
               | It's more important people will see the Tesla product and
               | witness the features of Tesla cars first hand.
        
               | natch wrote:
               | Agree, the brand and the product.
        
         | Spivak wrote:
         | > which will eventually be all cars
         | 
         | God I hope that day is long long in the future given the
         | current ecosystem surrounding this crap. The last thing I want
         | to add to my car is the multi-variant USB-C, thunderbolt,
         | lightning adapter bullshit with accounts and subscriptions.
         | It's the very worst of tech bro culture applied to critical
         | infrastructure. What if the car makers owned and/or could
         | strike deals with specific gas stations is an idea that only
         | sounds good in a shareholder's mind.
         | 
         | Every day as car companies try to turn cars into toasters with
         | subscription bread I'm happier with my ICE car / ebike setup.
         | Gas used almost every day, 0. Range anxiety, 0. Using
         | infrastructure that has been stable for longer than my parents
         | have been alive, priceless.
        
           | justrealist wrote:
           | I have a Tesla with no subscription and a single plug I use
           | when I go out. Not sure what you are on about.
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | You can plug in at home and use chargers very rarely. After a
           | year or so, I'm yet to try use one.
           | 
           | I guess this very much depends on your driving patterns.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Anyone who has an ICE car will probably still prefer that
             | for long trips. Most people are multiple car families and
             | so will have that choice today.
             | 
             | Even if the EV was the choice, a lot of people will fly (or
             | take a train) for longer trips and so never hit the limits.
        
           | ryandrake wrote:
           | If ICE cars were invented today, every manufacturer would try
           | to lock you in with their own shape of fuel tank opening.
           | Have a toyota? Use the round fuel pumps. Ford? You need to
           | find a pump with a notch on the end of the end so it's
           | compatible with your tank. BMW? Two notches--find a different
           | fuel station! Jeep? Square shaped pump! Or you need to keep a
           | set of $100 dongle adapters in your trunk at all times. $400
           | for the California-approved dongles.
        
             | Spivak wrote:
             | Oh I know, it's not a condemnation of EVs the technology.
             | The actual technology is amazing. It's just that companies
             | can't seem to get out of their own way and our government
             | is completely inept at forcing everyone to be less shitty.
        
             | nicwolff wrote:
             | If cars were invented today, they'd never let us have them.
             | 
             | "It's like a horse and buggy, but much faster and heavier."
             | 
             | "But it'll know somehow how to avoid other vehicles and
             | pedestrians and trees and houses and such?"
             | 
             | "No, the driver has to pay continuous attention or it'll
             | veer wildly and hit whatever's in front of it."
             | 
             | "Shouldn't it run on rails? Or between protective
             | barriers?"
             | 
             | "Painted lines."
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | You should have looked up what was really said about cars
               | (both gas and electric!) when they were first invented.
               | Some of them look much like your list, but others it
               | looks like you made up something when reality already had
               | an example.
        
               | antisthenes wrote:
               | That's a good and hilarious point.
               | 
               | In today's safety obsessed world, cars are a terribly
               | unsafe anachronism. Somehow tech people are more afraid
               | to run an non-sandboxed tab in a browser than drive a
               | 3-ton vehicle 1 painted line away from similar vehicles
               | going the other way with a speed differential of 100
               | miles per hour.
               | 
               | That fair, I guess, since physics aren't part of a JS-
               | bootcamp.
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | Blaming collective action problems on techbro culture.
           | History would like some of your time :)
        
             | Spivak wrote:
             | Blaming cultural problems on culture -- yes that's correct.
             | 
             | Use whatever words you'd like if you don't like tech bro as
             | the colloquium. But the intersection of this behavior of
             | end-to-end control and things labeled "tech" and headed by
             | "tech people" is very nearly a sphere.
             | 
             | For the people whose whole shtick is building autonomous
             | systems we are remarkably bad at letting go and letting
             | those systems be autonomous when it benefits the customer.
             | 
             | It's like we all watched Robocop, a film about how terrible
             | it would be if an autonomous system created for the
             | improvement of society at large was programmed to always
             | obey the will of its creators for their personal gain and
             | said, "That's a great idea, I could productize that."
        
         | danans wrote:
         | > This gives Tesla a massive revenue stream and scale to grow
         | that network even bigger.
         | 
         | Tesla's supercharger network is a loss leader whose purpose is
         | to sell their cars [1], whose margins are also under pressure.
         | 
         | There's no significant barrier to entry for EV supercharging
         | other than perhaps having a profitable business to pair it
         | with. The NACS connector and the exclusivity of its charging
         | stations was a moat, one that Tesla traded for tax credits.
         | 
         | It's mostly a real estate game. Shell is already adding EV
         | chargers at key stations. Others will follow.
         | 
         | 1. https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/ev-charging/major-
         | autom....
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | Nah. The real win here is for the public. The "standard"
         | charging plug and cables weigh a LOT, so much that my elderly
         | mother probably couldn't use one. The "standard" also mandates
         | the use of PowerLine Communication chips even though the signal
         | is not over the high power conductor.
         | 
         | We are all better off just biting the bullet now and changing
         | everything over to the Tesla plug.
        
           | aik wrote:
           | Agreed. Thank you Tesla for helping bring about a better
           | standard here!
        
             | alephnerd wrote:
             | Better maintained than the horror show that is Electrify
             | America as well
        
               | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
               | I've posted about this before, but the reason EA is such
               | a horror show is due to their history. EA was created
               | basically as _government-mandated punishment_ against
               | Volkswagen for dieselgate. So it 's not that surprising
               | that they didn't feel incentivized to deliver a great
               | product.
               | 
               | Compare that to the Supercharger network, where providing
               | a great experience is a huge selling point for Teslas.
               | 
               | I might despise Musk, and I'm not a fan of Tesla lately,
               | but you do really have to hand it to them: they were
               | prescient and put in all the hard work of building out
               | the best fast charging network, so good for them for
               | reaping the benefits.
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | > EA was created basically as government-mandated
               | punishment against Volkswagen
               | 
               | I didn't know that. Do you have some documentation about
               | that. Would be fun reading material for the holidays
               | 
               | > I might despise Musk, and I'm not a fan of Tesla
               | lately, but you do really have to hand it to them: they
               | were prescient and put in all the hard work of building
               | out the best fast charging network, so good for them for
               | reaping the benefits.
               | 
               | Same boat club.
        
               | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
               | The Wikipedia pages for EA and the VW emissions scandal
               | give a good overview with linked sources. As part of the
               | consent decree, VW had to put $2 billion into EA.
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | > Thank you Tesla for helping bring about a better standard
             | here!
             | 
             | You should probably thank the government, too. When the
             | feds decided they were going to put billions in subsidies
             | to a national charging network, the original regulations
             | basically required CCS, because that was really the only
             | _cross-platform_ game in town - Tesla was proprietary and
             | not open to other automakers. In a brilliant bit of
             | chutzpah, in response Tesla renamed their charging system
             | the  "North American Charging Standard" and started coaxing
             | other auto companies to get on board, which most other
             | companies were OK with because Tesla has by far the best
             | fast charging network. But it was really the government
             | subsidies, and the threat that Tesla would be left behind
             | if everyone else went with CCS, that sparked the opening up
             | of NACS in the first place.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | A large number of standards are what one company did on
               | their own and then made available to everybody via the
               | likes of ANSI/ECMA/ISO. There are a number of reasons a
               | company would want to do this.
        
               | antonjs wrote:
               | Rough consensus, running chargers at work. [1]
               | 
               | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_consensus
        
               | reportingsjr wrote:
               | This is basically how USB C became a thing. A group of
               | engineers at Google created the connector design and then
               | gave it to the USB standards body to use as the next gen.
        
               | bsder wrote:
               | Citation, please. More bluntly: I simply don't believe
               | you.
               | 
               | Google has absolutely none of the expertise required to
               | put such a connector together. It requires a _very_
               | specific set of skills in chip design, signal integrity,
               | and connector design which Google has none of.
        
               | turquoisevar wrote:
               | There was a similar rumor making the rounds about Apple,
               | spurred by Gruber.
               | 
               | But 9to5 Mac did some sleuthing and it seems that, in the
               | case of Apple, it's not entirely truthful:
               | https://9to5mac.com/2015/03/14/apple-invent-usb-type-c/
               | 
               | Google also doesn't seem to have fulfilled a bigger role
               | than Apple did.
        
               | bsder wrote:
               | Apple is, at least, far more plausible as they _did_
               | design a connector in the same timeframe.
        
               | parineum wrote:
               | I have no idea if Google had anything to do with USB C
               | but "design" doesn't mean "build schematics for". It
               | could be that they just had a few specs they liked and
               | thought would make a good connector and did a rough
               | proposal of form factor and specs.
        
               | bsder wrote:
               | That's _not_ useful. Here 's my diagram for a new
               | connector -> .
               | 
               | Connector design like this is a delicate balance between
               | signal integrity (wants biggger) and mechanical integrity
               | (wants bigger) and size (always smaller).
               | 
               | As for signal integrity: A _lot_ of the signal integrity
               | was papered over by having complex interface chips. This
               | is why there is so much training and negotiation in
               | USB-C.
               | 
               | As for mechanicals: The whole point of USB-C was to take
               | failure-mode data from the previous generations and
               | design a connector that avoided those. USB-C, in spite of
               | how many people bitch about it, was designed so that the
               | the most probable failure modes (which they learned from
               | prior things like mini and micro USB) occur in the cable
               | --ie the replaceable part.
               | 
               | None of this design expertise is inside Google.
        
               | InTheArena wrote:
               | Go look at the number of engineers that were on USB-C.
               | Apple, not Google, contributed 18 of 79 named engineers
               | listed on the connector certification project, or under
               | 23%.
               | 
               | Intel had the most, as well as the editor position.
        
           | stetrain wrote:
           | NACS / J3400 still uses CCS communications, just over Tesla's
           | connector.
        
           | arghwhat wrote:
           | Cable weight corresponds to charging power rating and choice
           | of materials, not plug choice.
           | 
           | A combined CCS2 plug is chunkier and might be a bit heavier,
           | but not compared to, say, using a fuel pump.
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | Just go try them both. CCS2 Has separate AC and DC
             | conductors, and the plug is huge owing to having 2 pair of
             | charging pins and backward compatibility. They are more
             | awkward and heavier than a fuel pump, and significantly
             | heavier than the Tesla plugs. It's terrible.
        
               | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
               | > They are more awkward and heavier than a fuel pump
               | 
               | Really? I don't doubt that Tesla's plugs are smaller and
               | lighter, but it always seemed a bit caricature-ist about
               | people saying how horrible the CCS plugs are and that
               | they weigh like a million pounds or something. They
               | certainly never seemed heavier or harder to manipulate to
               | me compared to a gas pump, so I just never understood
               | this complaint.
        
               | parineum wrote:
               | I do think they are worse than fuel pumps in those
               | aspects but the real issue is that, when you pull up to a
               | gas pump, you usually pull your car right up to the pump
               | and it's just a foot or two away from where the pump is.
               | 
               | Parking lot style EV chargers mean that I'm frequently
               | pulling the charging cable across the front of my car and
               | trying to plug the cable in straight while the tension on
               | the cable is pulling it sideways. It frequently means
               | it's a two hand job, one on the cable to keep in straight
               | and the other guiding the plug in to the port.
        
               | jorvi wrote:
               | NACS is fundamentally incompatible for 3-phase power. You
               | need a live, a neutral, a ground, and two extra wires for
               | each extra phase.
               | 
               | I'll take my chunky connector with 22kW over your sleek
               | one with 7kW :)
        
               | ttfkam wrote:
               | > You need...
               | 
               | I submit a counterexample of the huge network of Tesla
               | superchargers that can do the job quite well with the
               | NACS connector.                   maximum power output of
               | 600 kW and a maximum current of 615A at 1,000V
               | 
               | https://www.notateslaapp.com/news/1269/tesla-v4-superchar
               | ger...
               | 
               | The practical limits are based on the cars and their
               | batteries, not the charge port.
        
               | jorvi wrote:
               | Supercharging, yeah. But you (or rather "everyone") won't
               | constantly be supercharging. You'll mostly do it at home
               | or at your office. 7kW :)
        
               | ttfkam wrote:
               | Places where you don't need a fast charge? Overnight at
               | home. From arrival to lunch at work. After lunch to
               | quitting time. And even those times assume you drive more
               | than 50 miles/day, which most folks don't.
               | 
               | What was the problem again?
        
               | pitaj wrote:
               | So what? For high-power charging, DC is better anyways.
               | For low-power charging, having extra phases is useless.
        
               | Acinyx wrote:
               | In europe the connections are a lot lower amperage,
               | around here for example 35 ampere per phase. But having 3
               | phases is pretty normal and the standard in any new
               | house, which means 3 phases can let you charge at 22kW
               | with a few Ampere left, while with 1 phase you can only
               | charge at 7 KW.
               | 
               | That does make it useful to charge it in a few hours in
               | the afternoon, instead of having to wiat the night.
        
               | 93po wrote:
               | Super chargers can charge a Tesla up to 250kw
        
               | myself248 wrote:
               | CCS1 has separate AC and DC pins in the connector, but no
               | cable has conductors for both. I've looked, since I was
               | trying to make a passthrough testing device! Is CCS2
               | different?
               | 
               | If you get the DC cable, you have conductors on the pilot
               | pins and the DC pins, and the AC pin positions are just
               | empty.
               | 
               | If you get the AC cable, you have conductors on the pilot
               | pins and the AC pins, and the DC part of the connector
               | isn't there at all.
        
         | paul7986 wrote:
         | How long does it take to charge if my EV battery is at about
         | zero with a supercharger? The same time it takes to pump gas?
        
           | voisin wrote:
           | No. Much longer. And it depends massively on battery size too
           | since they vary quite a bit more than gas tank sizes.
           | 
           | https://insideevs.com/reviews/516438/tesla-supercharger-
           | comp...
        
             | enragedcacti wrote:
             | Battery size only really matters if you are maxing out the
             | charger since the amount of power the battery can take
             | scales with kwhs. To be fair being charger limited is
             | pretty common currently, but in ideal conditions a larger
             | battery will be able to charge more miles/minute than a
             | smaller one.
        
           | njovin wrote:
           | Depends on the EV. A few years back I did a ~400 mile road
           | trip in a Model Y. We had to make one top-up charging stop
           | which took about 15 minutes. We walked to a spot and got a
           | snack while we waited.
           | 
           | A similarly-sized ICE vehicle could have possibly done the
           | trip without a stop, or required a quick 5-minute top-up
           | depending on conditions.
           | 
           | I've done lots of long road trips in ICE vehicles and we
           | usually stop to walk around and stretch for about the same
           | amount of time and with the same frequency as charge stops
           | call for.
           | 
           | If you're trying to shave every minute off of a trip you'd
           | come out behind, but IMO you're a glutton for punishment if
           | you're trying to race through a 1000+ mile road trip without
           | stopping for more than 5 minutes at a time.
        
             | paul7986 wrote:
             | I travel a lot in my SUV in remote areas like between Reno
             | and Vegas.
             | 
             | As a gas driver I like the fact there's a gas station in
             | remote areas and it takes me three minutes to fill my tank
             | and go.
             | 
             | When do we think as interested EV driver will my driving
             | experience match my gas car diving experience and needs?
             | Are we there yet?
        
               | omnimus wrote:
               | Maybe in future with different approach like
               | https://youtube.com/watch?v=VmWL1hZQmD0
        
               | paul7986 wrote:
               | Oh just maybe (yikes) ..I'm on the fence about buying an
               | EV as gas car provides me the best experience for my
               | needs. I drive a Ton and in remote areas too
        
               | dzhiurgis wrote:
               | Do those places have no power sockets?
        
               | p1mrx wrote:
               | Regular outlets are limited to 1.5 kW, so charging a car
               | takes more than a day.
        
               | dzhiurgis wrote:
               | You assume the slowest outlet + full tank worth of
               | driving. Possible, but not how most road trips happen.
        
               | p1mrx wrote:
               | Are you imagining a road trip where you ask random
               | strangers to move their oven and run a cord out the
               | window for several hours?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | I'm guessing 5-10 years. However in 30 years the opposite
               | question will be the case - if you are driving a gas car
               | you will have to plan ahead. As EVs take over gas
               | stations will start to disappear.
        
               | paul7986 wrote:
               | Well maybe you hope ..have skin in this game... as
               | nothing is for certain. Hybrids seems to becoming even
               | more popular as well other car manufacturers are looking
               | into hydrogen and other sources.
               | 
               | In five to ten years we'll see if indeed there are more
               | EV chargers everywhere like there are currently gas
               | stations. An infrastructure that's over a 100 years old.
               | 
               | I'm all for new tech but as a UX professional new tech
               | needs to provide an even better experience which
               | personally something like a key fob (can be RFID hacked,
               | you lose the fob you have to get your car towed to dealer
               | and pay additional / hundreds for a new key fob)is a
               | terrible UX compared to just a metal key (can't be
               | hacked.. can easily drive to dealer to have a metal key
               | made).
        
           | Rebelgecko wrote:
           | It depends on the EV and the supercharger. But in general
           | it'll be slower than pumping gas. My CCS car takes around
           | 15-18 minutes to get to 80% (because of diminishing charging
           | curves, with most (all?) cars it's faster to do 5 charging
           | stops from 0-80% than 4 charging stops from 0-100).
           | 
           | I haven't done a super long road trip in an EV, but for
           | drives with 1-2 charging stops it doesn't feel that different
           | than ICE cars, especially if have passengers and invariably
           | end up waiting for everyone to go to the bathroom, get a
           | snack, etc. Only exception is places like quartzite where
           | there can be a long line of EVs waiting to charge.
        
           | dietsche wrote:
           | we took a road trip last summer about 4000 miles in our model
           | Y Long range. You end up supercharging approximately every
           | three hours for about 15 minutes. it actually worked out very
           | well because our first stop of the day was almost always
           | lunch. we picked hotels that had chargers on site so we
           | started each day with enough charge to make the next
           | supercharger.
        
             | paul7986 wrote:
             | Were you traveling in remote areas something like between
             | Reno and Vegas or other similar long remote stretches?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | So stop in Tonopah NV,which is half way inbetween. Most
               | EVs have the range to make it that far. I just picked
               | that town by looking at a map - I'm sure there are a
               | couple other choices even tough it is a desolate area.
               | 
               | I don't know if there is a charger there today, but it is
               | an obvious place where one is likely to be added
               | sometime.
        
               | dietsche wrote:
               | minneapolis, mn to kitty hawk, nc
        
               | cstejerean wrote:
               | There's 3 Tesla superchargers between Vegas to Reno, in
               | Beatty, Tonopah and Hawthorne, which is roughly 1/4, 1/2
               | and 3/4 of the way through. So definitely doable but
               | definitely less convenient than an ICE car that can make
               | that drive in one shot without refueling.
        
         | sib wrote:
         | Not sure how much margin that Tesla will be making on the
         | charging. I don't think the financial details of these deals
         | have been disclosed. Adding lots of revenue but with no margin
         | doesn't really add value to Tesla.
         | 
         | (Of course, to the extent they get funding from the government
         | or other manufacturers to offset the capex required for
         | building out more stations and chargers, that's great for Tesla
         | & anyone.)
        
           | shiftpgdn wrote:
           | In states where they are registered as an energy provider? A
           | lot. A 10-80% charge will net Tesla $20. Comparatively a gas
           | station that refills a midsize car with a 20 gallon tank will
           | only net $6.
        
             | conjecTech wrote:
             | And where is that?
        
             | akouri wrote:
             | I think you mean it will _gross_ Tesla $20. From my
             | research, Tesla is (currently) not making much on energy
             | delivered. That _will_ certainly change in the future
             | though.
        
               | shiftpgdn wrote:
               | Using Texas as an example:
               | 
               | 10-80% on a Model S/X is 70kwh. Rate billed to customers
               | will vary from 30-50c/kwh at time of charge. Spot in
               | Texas typically ranges from 5c to 15c/kwh. Assuming
               | charge equipment is fully depreciated all they need to
               | pay is maintenance and network cost, which is marginal
               | across a bank of 20 chargers.
               | 
               | 70kwh x 25c = $17.50.
        
         | conjecTech wrote:
         | People also made the argument that the exclusivity of the Tesla
         | supercharger network was a positive for Tesla. It's hard for
         | both to be true.
         | 
         | I think the reality is that uncertainty about charging away
         | from home pushed a lot of people towards Tesla who might
         | otherwise have considered a different make/model. With that
         | gone, a moat vanished. That being said, competition in the US
         | EV market is still weak. Maybe the added charging revenue
         | outweighs that for now, but long-term, it seems like it will
         | undoubtedly be a negative.
        
           | stetrain wrote:
           | I think the difference is that over time Tesla has
           | streamlined mass production, installation, and reliable
           | operation of their chargers.
           | 
           | They are averaging 1.5 charging stations installed per day
           | over the last year in North America. Each of those stations
           | has at least 8 chargers, some of them have 24, 40, or more.
           | 
           | They have moved to pre-fab construction where a row of 8
           | chargers are all installed in a concrete slab that can be
           | dropped into a site and commissioned in a very short time
           | period.
           | 
           | Basically nobody else is keeping up with them at charger
           | deployment in the US and that creates a market opportunity
           | for Tesla and a need to make some return on all of that
           | construction by increasing utilization rates.
        
             | conjecTech wrote:
             | The price of charging is already dominated by the marginal
             | cost of electricity, in the same way the price of filling
             | your gas tank is by the price of gas. That will only be
             | more true as charging gets faster. So an advantage in fixed
             | costs is unlikely to be much of a strategic benefit. If
             | they can save 100k/stall, that's great. But that is only a
             | few hundred million a year at that install rate.
        
               | josephcsible wrote:
               | > The price of charging is already dominated by the
               | marginal cost of electricity
               | 
               | No it isn't. Most level 3 chargers are 3x-4x the price of
               | electricity.
        
               | conjecTech wrote:
               | PG&E commercial energy rates in California are $0.36/kwh
               | including delivery[1]. Tesla charges about $0.50/kwh[2].
               | 
               | [1] https://www.pge.com/tariffs/electric.shtml [2]
               | https://electrek.co/2022/09/28/tesla-hikes-supercharger-
               | pric...
        
               | stetrain wrote:
               | Up to around $0.70 now at peak times:
               | 
               | https://www.reddit.com/r/TeslaModelY/comments/17bls7u/wok
               | e_u...
        
               | reitzensteinm wrote:
               | How are you estimating demand charges?
        
           | mdasen wrote:
           | Times change and companies need to adapt with the times.
           | 2015-2022, exclusivity would be a huge positive for Tesla.
           | Their vehicles would have lots of charging stations while
           | other vehicles wouldn't. That's great for Tesla.
           | 
           | When the National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure plan, it
           | became clear that CCS would become the dominant charging
           | standard in the US - unless Tesla acted fast. Tesla's port
           | would go from an advantage to a disadvantage. Tesla has
           | 12,000 US chargers today. Maybe the company would make that
           | 25,000 by 2030. The NEVI pushes for 500,000 chargers by 2030
           | with the CCS port. Toward the end of the 2020s, Tesla would
           | feel pressure to switch to CCS because the majority of
           | chargers in the US would be CCS. Tesla owners would complain
           | that their Tesla vehicles used a different port from 95% of
           | the public chargers.
           | 
           | By pushing the industry to adopt the Tesla charger, they
           | ensure that chargers built using the NEVI money will most
           | likely have Tesla ports. They could even argue that the
           | administration should drop the CCS requirement given that the
           | industry has moved to the Tesla port.
           | 
           | Tesla's port would have gone from an advantage to a
           | hinderance. If Tesla didn't move the industry to the Tesla
           | port, they'd eventually have to move to CCS. People would
           | want their cars to be compatible with 95% of the chargers out
           | there. When Tesla announced a switch to CCS, sales of current
           | vehicles would likely crater. With Tesla abandoning their
           | port, people would want to wait for the new model. Tesla
           | might need to offer steep discounts to get people to take the
           | "old" port. Instead, by moving the industry to their port,
           | they put the uncertainty on competing vehicles; they make
           | potential punchers of competing vehicles more likely to buy a
           | Tesla or delay their competing purchase. That either adds to
           | Tesla sales or makes competing companies question their EV
           | commitment.
           | 
           | It's not that Tesla wanted to give up their moat. It's not
           | that Tesla wants a bit of charging revenue. It's that if 95%
           | of the chargers in the US become CCS, that moat is trapping
           | Tesla in rather than keeping competitors out. Yes, having
           | Supercharger exclusivity would still be an advantage for a
           | few more years - and it will still be given that it'll be a
           | couple years before competitors have Tesla's port on their
           | vehicles. However, Tesla doesn't want the situation where
           | their port becomes the odd one out where Tesla owners need to
           | fumble with CCS adaptors. Maybe Tesla gives up a year or two
           | of Supercharger advantage, but they ensure that it doesn't
           | become a disadvantage.
        
             | conjecTech wrote:
             | Agreed, I think its much fairer to say they snatched a
             | stalemate out of the jaws of defeat rather than just "this
             | is good for Tesla".
        
             | mahastore wrote:
             | Where is the FTC?
        
           | tempestn wrote:
           | I think the idea is that so far, and for now, the chargers
           | have indeed helped them keep a significant lead in EV sales.
           | Eventually though, many other companies will also be selling
           | very good EVs, and if Tesla doesn't open their chargers, the
           | rest of the industry will standardize on something else, and
           | it will eventually get good (or at least good enough) out of
           | necessity. So instead of being the only decent option, Teslas
           | will be the odd one out that have their own weird charging
           | setup. As long as that setup is good it might not be too much
           | of a detriment for them, but eventually it would stop being a
           | major benefit either. So, better to use their current
           | position to become the dominant charging solution for all
           | brands.
           | 
           | They were never going to corner the EV market long term. But
           | they actually do have a chance of being the dominant charging
           | supplier for every car on the road.
        
           | joshl32532 wrote:
           | Yeah, I was holding out on buying Ionic5 because of the lack
           | of good charging network, even though I will only use it for
           | occasional roadtrip. I will be charging at home for everyday
           | use.
           | 
           | Now that everybody is in Tesla supercharger, Teslas are
           | losing its appeal to me now.
           | 
           | I just need to wait until 2025 when everybody actually uses
           | NACS. lol.
        
         | robin_reala wrote:
         | To be clear, this is only in the US. In the EU for example,
         | Tesla were required to adopt the common standard instead, and
         | Superchargers will already charge every EV on the market, as
         | will every other charger.
         | 
         | (No specific comment on the quality of each of the charging
         | standards.)
        
         | TheAlchemist wrote:
         | There is no such big story here.
         | 
         | The estimates are somewhere around 10B $ of revenue (not profit
         | !) per year by 2030, and that's an optimistic scenario. Base
         | case scenarios are much worse. And even that hypothetical 10B$
         | is hardly a 'massive' revenue stream for a company projecting
         | to sell 10 million cars by that time (I would put their chances
         | of achieving that goal at 0.01%). As usual with Tesla - it's
         | all about projections, hyperboles etc, while usually ignoring
         | actual numbers (not a shot at you, just an observation).
         | 
         | There is a fair point to be made though, that this is a big
         | loss for Tesla, as their charging network was pretty much the
         | sole remaining advantage over their competition.
        
       | NelsonMinar wrote:
       | Other Audi EV news: "Audi puts big EV push on the back burner"
       | https://electrek.co/2023/12/19/audi-puts-big-ev-push-on-the-...
        
       | chaosprint wrote:
       | Will it be possible that Benz uses Nio's battery swap?
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | Great work by Tesla recognizing that infrastructure is half the
       | equation for an EV future.
       | 
       | They have moved the EV future forward by at least a decade.
        
       | apexalpha wrote:
       | I understand the ridicule that the EU gets sometimes, and
       | especially so when trying to regulate stuff like AI where it
       | seems the EU wants to regulate more than to create start ups
       | etc...
       | 
       | But this is one thing the EU just nailed the hammer into the wood
       | immediatly, and rightly so.
       | 
       | I can't even remember the time it was. Maybe 2013? 2014? They
       | just set a standard and everyone, even Tesla, adopted it.
       | 
       | Every single EV can plug into every charger. Whether it's a
       | public one, a private at the office, a Tesla supercharger or a
       | home charger at your home. Plug and go!
       | 
       | Glad to see NA finally agrees on a standard now. This can only
       | help EV adoption. Especially given the sorry state of other
       | chargers than Tesla's over there.
        
         | Rebelgecko wrote:
         | Eh, I think if NA had forced a standard quickly (which the US
         | has actually _sort of_ done with the infrastructure bill), it
         | would 've been CCS which has a lot of downsides
        
           | justapassenger wrote:
           | Any downside other than bigger plug?
           | 
           | And plug is bigger partially because it needs to support 3
           | phases, which isn't a thing in USA houses (while common
           | across the whole world) but is a thing at industrial
           | locations. Tesla plug doesn't work with 3 phases.
        
             | Symbiote wrote:
             | CCS1 used in North America is only single phase.
             | 
             | CCS2 used in Europe (and elsewhere) supports three phase.
        
               | sebazzz wrote:
               | The electricity grid has three phases in the US right?
               | Are devices seldom connected to three phases?
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | Three phase power is out there but you never see it in
               | residential and rarely in commercial. It's pretty much
               | just an industrial kind of thing.
        
               | rekoil wrote:
               | I have two 3-phase 480V 16A sockets in my 50m2 European
               | apartment.
        
             | Rebelgecko wrote:
             | Bigger plug is a big one, like you mentioned. 3 phase isn't
             | an issue in the US version IIRC, but it still has more pins
             | than NACS to maintain backwards compatibility.
             | 
             | Thicker + heavier cables too (not sure if that's required
             | by CCS or just an implementation difference w/ NACS).
             | Together that makes CCS much more unwieldy than a gas pump.
             | 
             | The NACS latching mechanism is a lot better- latch failures
             | are a big part of why so many J1772 chargers are broken and
             | unusable.
        
         | ggreer wrote:
         | CCS is a worse standard than NACS. The connector is huge. Also
         | CCS locks the cable on both sides (charger and car), so a bad
         | charger or cable can strand your car. NACS locks only on the
         | car side.
        
           | apexalpha wrote:
           | Both have up and downsides to them. The NACS is physically
           | smaller yes, but CCS2 supports 3-phase power, which NACS does
           | not.
           | 
           | In the end the most important thing it that you can charge
           | when you want to. So I'm glad there's now a standard in NA.
           | And congrats to Tesla, they've earned it.
        
           | sschueller wrote:
           | The CCS2 does not have the issues of the CCS1 but is as big
           | that is the only downside. But if you want to fit 3 phase AC
           | charging you need a big plug.
        
         | mardifoufs wrote:
         | Huh? If anything this disproves your point. Industrial players
         | quickly (all things considered) converged on a superior format.
         | I usually agree with you on standardizing stuff like this but
         | this isn't an example of top down standardization leading to
         | better outcomes. Not necessarily worse, but not better either.
        
           | apexalpha wrote:
           | Well there are now thousands and thousands of chargers in the
           | US that have to be retrofitted to NACS, if possible.
           | 
           | On top of that many cars will now need adapters to charge at
           | public infrastructure.
           | 
           | And in the meanwhile many people _still_ can 't charge at
           | every public charger because they have CCS or Chademo or
           | Tesla and the charger has another one.
        
         | keep_reading wrote:
         | CCS2 is terrible, I'd hate to be forced to use that giant bulky
         | connector and cable. The EU got it wrong. Design by committee
         | always sucks.
        
           | apexalpha wrote:
           | It was designed by VW I think, who handed it over to other
           | car companies so there could be a universal connector.
           | 
           | The reason it's bigger is because it supports 3-phase power,
           | which NACS does not. 3-phase power is a big thing in Europe.
        
             | keep_reading wrote:
             | This is very true about 3 phase, but I have heard that
             | there is interest in it being used in EU for AC charging in
             | public garages because it can handle anything up to 277
             | volts vs J1772 which can only do 208/240. So they can give
             | it 1 of the 3 phases @ 220V and it will work unlike J1772.
             | Allegedly.
             | 
             | But I kind of doubt it will go anywhere when they've been
             | forcing CCS2 on everyone.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | The CCS2 AC-only connector (the one for normal charging
               | at home, destination charging and so on) already supports
               | 3-phase with up to 480V phase-to-phase, up to 22kW. It's
               | larger than the NACS connector -- there are two
               | additional large pins -- but not unwieldy.
        
             | _zoltan_ wrote:
             | so much so that I have a 22kW 3 phase charger at home. (AC,
             | type 2)
        
           | ClassyJacket wrote:
           | It is a horrible, heavy connector.
        
             | rekoil wrote:
             | It's big, but it really doesn't matter in practice. Yes,
             | J1772 looks nicer and is easier to handle, but it can't
             | pump as much wattage as CCS2, and in the end that's watt
             | (:P) matters.
        
           | rockinghigh wrote:
           | I've used both the US Tesla plug and CCS2. CCS2 is bulkier
           | and heavier but it makes no difference in the daily life. A
           | standardized connector is also a lot nicer than dealing with
           | adapters.
        
         | encom wrote:
         | >Every single EV can plug into every charger.
         | 
         | Nit picking, but there's a bunch of Nissan Chademo still
         | around. Like my Leaf. I'm a bit perplexed that Nissan is still
         | selling new Chademo cars here, since it's on the way out. I
         | very rarely need DC charging though, and there's still lots of
         | Chademo locations if I do. That aside, the Leaf is a wonderful
         | car.
        
           | lol768 wrote:
           | As a fellow Leaf owner, I agree it's really perplexing and
           | frustrating. I was looking at what else Nissan are doing, and
           | while they've gone for CCS on the Ariya (and also got the
           | active battery thermal management), frankly I don't want or
           | need an SUV.
        
           | p1mrx wrote:
           | DalasEVRepair on YouTube is testing a Chinese CCS to CHAdeMO
           | adapter. If that ever becomes a reliable product, then NACS
           | to CHAdeMO would be an incremental change.
        
         | hnburnsy wrote:
         | Serious question is every EU charger outlet billed in a common
         | way, like with cash, an app, debit/credit card, in car screen,
         | with a payment screen, or preconfigured to bill seamlessly?
         | 
         | Seems like the billing issues at non Tesla chargers in the US
         | were a large part of the issues..
        
           | perlgeek wrote:
           | Here in Germany at least, most chargers accept RFID cards for
           | billing, and basically all through an app.
           | 
           | My only problem with it is that the app that comes with my
           | company's card is total crap (often won't start to charge,
           | and then sees the charging port as being in use for like 5-10
           | minutes, so you have to wait that long for a second attempt.
           | It's HORRIBLE.)
        
           | rockinghigh wrote:
           | I can only talk for France. The payment is not standardized.
           | Tesla is plug-and-pay like in the US but others are not.
           | Every charging stations brand has its own app with the same
           | issues as the US, where it may or may not work that day.
        
           | micwag wrote:
           | There is no mandated billing method, but the ability to pay
           | without registering an account is mandated. Additionally
           | every charger has a unique id with a QR code.
           | 
           | Usually you either just plug it in (first party charger) or
           | just scan the QR code with your favorite charging app which
           | will handles the billing (third party charger).
        
       | evilfred wrote:
       | the Technology Connections video on NACS is very educational on
       | the topic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJOfyMCEzjQ
        
       | raphaelj wrote:
       | I don't own any electric car. What are the advantages and
       | disadvantages of Tesla's standard vs CCS2 (pretty common in
       | Europe as far as I know) ?
        
       | akouri wrote:
       | I am the founder of Starlight Charging[1]. We are working on
       | crazy-low-cost L2 chargers for multifamily apartments. Plug-and-
       | charge is a sine-qua-non for us.
       | 
       | One still major unsolved problem is the lack of agreement on a
       | standard for payment/powerline communication from the EVSE to the
       | vehicle. OCPP 2.0.1 and ISO 15118 is supposed to bring "Plug and
       | Charge" capabilities -- this, in theory, would allow drivers to
       | simply pull up to a station, plug in, and charging start right
       | away. i.e. No more fiddling with multiple different
       | manufacturer's apps, no more being SOL if your phone battery is
       | dead.
       | 
       | While we're seeing agreement on the physical standard for the
       | shape and size of the conductors, there's still progress to be
       | made on the protocol between vehicles and charger. Tesla refuses
       | to implement OCPP because they have a great walled garden right
       | now and don't want to release the stranglehold on the payments.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.starlightcharging.com
        
         | why_at wrote:
         | Can you explain why you feel plug-and-charge is so important? I
         | have used chargers with and without it and while it is slightly
         | more convenient to just plug in and go, it doesn't feel like
         | such a huge improvement that I absolutely need it.
         | 
         | I agree that having a different app for every brand of charging
         | station would be annoying, but what about just accepting a
         | credit card the way we do with gas stations now?
        
           | jakewins wrote:
           | Have you done any road tripping in an EV? my experience of
           | the app-based charging landscape has been complete horror;
           | apps don't work, chargers don't start, payments don't
           | through..
           | 
           | Just last month was a new app at McDonalds in Sweden, that
           | one asks me to, in the freezing cold, scan a dirty QR code
           | sticker, which takes me to a website I've never heard of that
           | wants me to manually enter credit card info, like a phishing
           | attack smorgasbord.
           | 
           | It's the one thing I miss from a gas car: just let me fill
           | up.
        
             | MostlyStable wrote:
             | I have done multiple 10+ hour (although no multi day) road
             | trips in an ev. It was fine. I had problems exactly one
             | time and i was able to just go to a different charger a
             | mile away.
             | 
             | All of the chargers I've used had apps, but they also
             | allowed using a credit card, which seems like it would have
             | solved your problem just as well. And that's already a
             | solved problem, even if not every charging network uses it.
        
               | dzhiurgis wrote:
               | Now go abroad where charging app is not available in your
               | country or requires local phone number to register, uses
               | local language, or even wants local address or local
               | payment method.
               | 
               | Just give me website god damn it.
        
               | gambiting wrote:
               | My story of charging in Germany one time a year ago:
               | 
               | The charger requires an app, ok fine. Downloaded the app,
               | had to setup the whole account with my address(UK address
               | was allowed as my address), verify my email, verify my
               | phone number(UK one was accepted), fine, done.
               | 
               | Went to add my payment card - nope, the billing address
               | has a pre-filled country field set to Germany, can't
               | change it. It says ring this number in case of any
               | problems. I ring the number just to hear:
               | 
               | "Sorry, our customer service operators are not available
               | on Sunday. Call back on Monday after 9am".
               | 
               | Imagine if filling up with petrol was such a lottery.
        
               | JAlexoid wrote:
               | German "Sunday is rest day" at it's best.
               | 
               | If fuel stations are essential(as in allowed to be open
               | on Sundays), then with the EVs becoming the norm so
               | should be the support for these stations.
        
               | VBprogrammer wrote:
               | I know it's not quite the problem you are talking about
               | (which would be dealt with by making normal contactless /
               | chip and pin readers a requirement) - but I'd love to see
               | a legal requirement that when your charge point can't
               | contact the piece of shit payment / authentication
               | service the user gets to charge for free. That would soon
               | see an uptick in the reliability of charge points...
        
               | dzhiurgis wrote:
               | I'm in the process of deactivating my family Apple One
               | account (they overseas) so I can change app store for few
               | minutes and download all the local apps I need.
               | 
               | I have to wait until end of month so my subscription
               | actually expires, then make sure family sharing is
               | disabled (which already screwed up location sharing). Oh
               | and about 2.5TB of entire generation photos are up to be
               | deleted by Apple if I screw up.
        
               | alibarber wrote:
               | I have literally gotten visas for and worked in another
               | country with greater ease than trying to get my Apple
               | account to work well with local apps in my new country of
               | residence while still allowing me to download and update
               | apps from the first country.
        
               | alibarber wrote:
               | Just trying to move to or be in another country and have
               | the App store actually work properly for local apps (and
               | the ones you want to keep from your original country) is
               | a complete nightmare anyway.
               | 
               | It amazes me that for such a progressive and forward
               | thinking company as Apple, that the very thought that
               | their customers might actually move countries with their
               | device and account seems to have been relegated to 'edge
               | case'.
        
               | MostlyStable wrote:
               | Like i said, credit card terminals seem the best way to
               | fix this problem, Rather than done complicated plug-and-
               | charge mechanism
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | Yeah, CC terminals (and NFC / tap if you want to be
               | fancy) are working things which work.
               | 
               | The only opposition I've heard is "uwu but charge costs
               | are lower so CC fees add up".
        
               | HenryBemis wrote:
               | CC fees add up, but/and electricity is cheaper than gas,
               | so net-net, you gain. Also considering the convenience
               | that you have zero worries and you will be able to charge
               | hassle-free in any charging stations, I'd pay an extra
               | EUR1 to not have any headaches, apps, phone charged, and
               | any/all hoops by any apps.
        
               | VBprogrammer wrote:
               | Things like little kiddy rides and vending machines are
               | able to take contactless payments (in the UK). I don't
               | really see how this can be a valid arguement.
        
               | dzhiurgis wrote:
               | It varies by country. In NZ we pay about $0.5 each time
               | using contactless/apple pay, but 0 when using chip+pin.
               | 
               | IMO websites and/or open API's are way to go - allows
               | third parties to build integrations, automations and
               | superapps that enable all sort of benefits for users.
        
             | jdsully wrote:
             | Some chargers have tap&pay on the machine like a gas pump.
             | No app needed.
        
               | yurishimo wrote:
               | This should be mandated by law.
        
               | akouri wrote:
               | disagree. see my comment above
        
             | afavour wrote:
             | IMO that would be better solved by mandating tap and pay
             | payment at EV charging spots. Integrating payments into the
             | charging standard feels like a wild overcomplication by
             | comparison.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | Not only that, how do you even propose to do it?
               | 
               | If you just send the payment info via the charging plug,
               | now you have to worry about the payment info being stored
               | in the car and potentially stolen if the car has any
               | security vulnerabilities, including in the charging port.
               | 
               | If you use some kind of tokenization or similar then
               | you're inserting third party payment processors into the
               | system and they'll be wanting a cut.
               | 
               | Just put a card reader on the charger and be done with
               | it.
        
               | sonicanatidae wrote:
               | Wouldn't presence of the key address most of this?
               | 
               | Sure, they can steal the car AND the key, but more often,
               | it's the car alone.
        
               | tzs wrote:
               | Another reason for a card reader is that it easily
               | handles the case of a borrowed EV.
               | 
               | It is customary when borrowing someone's ICE car to pay
               | for the gas used by returning the car with as much gas as
               | it had when you borrowed it, or even with a full tank.
               | I'd expect people will want to continue that custom when
               | the car is an EV.
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | Particularly in a world where every new phone and
               | smartwatch integrates tap-to-pay, seems like a no-brainer
               | to just integrate at that point.
        
               | highwaylights wrote:
               | It also brings that part of the charging experience to
               | parity with gas, which is really simple for non-tech
               | savvy switchers to understand.
               | 
               | The process for EV and gas refuelling is then identical:
               | 
               | Lift thingamabob -> tap card -> plug into car -> leave
               | 
               | Easy.
        
               | Animats wrote:
               | The tap-and-pay RF people need to get their act together.
               | The average number of tries needed to get a good read is
               | > 1. For Veriphone units, > 2.
               | 
               | Please make it clear where, exactly, the near-field
               | antenna is. Behind the screen? Behind the logo that looks
               | like WiFi? Somewhere inside a separate hockey-puck
               | device? And indicate when the reader is active, too.
               | Light up something.
               | 
               | One place I visit regularly had a POS system which worked
               | perfectly. They recently switched it out for a Clover
               | unit with much lower read reliability and a worse
               | customer-facing UI.
        
               | VBprogrammer wrote:
               | For what it's worth, contactless is ubiquitous in the UK
               | - the experience is almost always seamless. The only
               | exception being the odd reader with the antenna in a
               | stupid place (these have gotten less common over time) or
               | when your bank decides to force a pin check.
        
               | Affric wrote:
               | I want to echo this. When contactless is ubiquitous there
               | are pretty much no problems.
        
               | Daneel_ wrote:
               | It's ubiquitous in Australia as well. I haven't carried a
               | wallet in almost 5 years. My credit card, driver's
               | license, and other important cards are all digital.
        
               | Sophira wrote:
               | Okay, hear me out here. What's stopping us from just
               | having payments be out of band, like with petrol?
               | 
               | Is being able to ask your car to make a long drive across
               | long distances on its own actually something people want
               | to do? Or is it a solution in search of a problem?
               | 
               | (Disclaimer, I live in the UK and not the US. It's
               | possible there are cultural reasons I've missed.)
        
             | ketralnis wrote:
             | I've done a fair amount of road tripping (~15k mi over
             | 1.5yr) along the WA/OR/CA/NV corridors where Electrify
             | America is dense enough to use solely, which is convenient
             | since my car came with 2 years of free charging from them.
             | 
             | Ignoring their pervasive station reliability problems,
             | their app is pretty bad and only barely functions.
             | 
             | * I've had to skip a perfectly functioning station because
             | the app thought I was still charging from the previous time
             | and wouldn't change its mind about it.
             | 
             | * Their Carplay app has literally never worked for me, not
             | once (usually it shows me still charging from a session
             | >1wk ago even when the regular app doesn't, sometimes it
             | doesn't boot, sometimes it shows me as not logged in. The
             | main screen has never once rendered.).
             | 
             | * One of their level 2 stations (which tend even less
             | reliable) existed in the app on about 50% of refreshes.
             | 
             | * The app requires a pretty solid signal to work at all
             | since it seems to consult their API to query for stations
             | near where you are and then you guess at which one it is
             | ("is this the target one or the mall one? it's the target
             | that's in the mall?") which is pretty silly when you're
             | parked at the station so it's in range of your hands and
             | eyes.
             | 
             | * I eventually figured out that I can add the EA plan to my
             | Apple Wallet and tap the phone instead of ever opening the
             | app, but that seems to randomly select between the "free"
             | plan (rather, included in the purchase price of my car) and
             | the $10 balance that they make me maintain for god-knows-
             | why when at California electricity prices no charge has
             | ever been below $10.
             | 
             | * The stations have credit card readers which I've never
             | tried to use but almost always when I see somebody having
             | trouble at a station it's because they're fighting with
             | that thing. I assume EA's response would be "just use the
             | app, it's so much better"
             | 
             | That's all just _one_ app, not a slew of them for every
             | charging network in my area (which also includes at least
             | evgo  & chargepoint just to cover the big ones). The sooner
             | this app bullshit can die the better.
        
               | progman32 wrote:
               | Every time I use the app I have to force quit it at least
               | once to get it to stop doing whatever backend query it's
               | doing. Doesn't help that their chargers are barely
               | compatible with my car (2014 i3) so the charging fails to
               | start about half the time. The machine itself rejects the
               | charge in about ten seconds so no big deal, but the app
               | isn't built to handle this case and takes multiple
               | minutes to realize something is wrong. So my charging
               | cycle is to initiate via app, plug in, see a failed
               | charge, force quit the app, find the station again, and
               | repeat probably twice. Probably isn't this bad with newer
               | cars, but I love my car otherwise. Made sure to get the
               | one with the extra scooter engine in the back, so I can
               | just drive around on gas if it comes down to it.
        
             | why_at wrote:
             | Yeah I agree having a different app for each station sucks,
             | but I don't really understand how plug-and-charge would
             | solve this. For anything that does support plug-and-charge,
             | don't you still need to register the payment method
             | somewhere in advance?
             | 
             | Unless we have some universal payment processor which all
             | the charging networks agree to use I will still need
             | register through an app or something when I encounter a new
             | brand of charger on a road trip.
             | 
             | It seems like the real solution is a law which requires the
             | stations to accept a more universal payment system like
             | credit cards. I think there is already a law like this in
             | California IIRC.
        
               | ldarby wrote:
               | > It seems like the real solution is a law which requires
               | the stations to accept a more universal payment system
               | like credit cards.
               | 
               | No shit, Sherlock? In the UK a lot of fuel pumps have
               | credit/debit card readers built in, and if not cards are
               | accepted everywhere for payment already. But yes electric
               | charging companies here are still wierd about accepting
               | such standardised payments, and we did just introduce a
               | new law about it [0] promising "most" but not all
               | chargers will accept cards.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-laws-to-make-
               | charging...
        
               | akouri wrote:
               | Tap & Pay still requires you to fiddle with a station and
               | slows you down. If you are plugging in at home (which is
               | our target market), the fewer interactions needed the
               | better. Imagine every time you get home you need to take
               | your wallet out, tap the machine, wait for some 3rd party
               | api to talk to the charger in the dimly lit basement, and
               | then and only then you can leave. This is like 30 seconds
               | of your day wasted.
               | 
               | Plus, ultimately we want to make charging as cheap as
               | possible and having to pay the $.30 interchange fee each
               | time a user plugs in would add a ton of overhead to our
               | cost model.
        
               | namdnay wrote:
               | Surely the interchange fee can be negotiated for volume?
               | Or even mandated by law. When I tap my credit card to buy
               | a 1$ bus ticket I doubt the interchange is keeping 30
               | cents?
        
               | ska wrote:
               | There are transit systems that have made this work
               | smoothly, you just walk up to a gate, tap your card as
               | you walk through, so I can't imagine the barrier is
               | technological unachievable. Seems like similar frequency
               | and $.
        
               | alibarber wrote:
               | It takes something like half of a second for my Apple Pay
               | Amex/Visa to let me through the barrier in the London
               | Underground, and the complexity they have to deal with
               | for fare calculations is quite something too.
        
             | greenthrow wrote:
             | GP is talking about L2 charging for multi family homes. Not
             | DCFC.
             | 
             | But I agree, DCFC need to all accept credit cards like gas
             | pumps. Fortunately NEVI funding requires it.
        
             | spaceywilly wrote:
             | If I may ask what seems like an obvious question... why
             | can't they just use credit card terminals like gas stations
             | have been using for many decades?
        
               | yurishimo wrote:
               | They could, and many do, but the difference is that those
               | types of interfaces are mandated/regulated while EV
               | charging is not. Guess what's slightly cheaper when
               | amortized across tens of thousands of customers in the
               | products lifetime? Not to mention the amount of data that
               | could be mined from those customers by having yet another
               | app on their phone with bullshit location permissions
               | "for the best user experience."
               | 
               | Every gas pump has looked/functioned largely the same
               | since the widespread adoption of cashless payments around
               | the world. Until governments mandate a standard payment
               | interface, I think it's more likely that companies will
               | continue to find ways to mine data from consumers through
               | shitty apps.
               | 
               | Oh, and that's not even to mention the companies that
               | include some amount of "free charging" credits with the
               | purchase of the vehicle. Not only is that cost baked into
               | the cost of the car, you're also disincentivized from
               | using the network at all because of how crappy it is.
               | /tinfoilhat
        
               | spaceywilly wrote:
               | Yeah that just seems like a poor decision on the part of
               | these charger owners. I feel like there's an opportunity
               | for a company called "EZCharge - we take credit cards".
               | People will seek it out when looking for a charging
               | station because they know they won't need to download a
               | BS app.
               | 
               | Or maybe another solution would be like WeChat Pay in
               | China, something that's so ubiquitous that all stores
               | just have a QR code you scan to pay for anything
               | nowadays. I'm surprised nothing like that has taken off
               | in the US, it's crazy convenient.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | There is no way to communicate when you are charged up
               | that way, maybe via an SMS that you add with your phone
               | number. Also, you have to communicate your charging
               | preference somehow. It's not like pumping gas, you rarely
               | want it to stop at 100%, although the charging standard
               | might at least be able to control that from the car.
        
               | spaceywilly wrote:
               | True I see what you mean, but that would seem to be an
               | easy function to build into the car's charging
               | controller. I'm not sure how it works today but I would
               | imagine most cars have a "stop charging at x%" function
               | already without depending on the charger for that.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Ya, I think they even get status otherwise I'm not sure
               | how electrify America's app works in the first place.
               | 
               | I once charged at an L2 in Canada that involved a QR
               | code, and then payment via a web form. In that case, a
               | POS would make the setup too expensive compared to just
               | putting power out there with a networked microcontroller.
        
               | ska wrote:
               | > There is no way to communicate when you are charged up
               | that way
               | 
               | Cant' the car do it?
        
               | staplers wrote:
               | Or ya know.. the pump, like has existed for decades..
        
               | ska wrote:
               | I thought the problem was that it takes long enough that
               | you aren't by the "pump" during process. Also that the
               | chargepoints are likely less infrastructure than a pump.
               | So something has to contact you (SMS/email/whatever)
        
               | Smoosh wrote:
               | > Not to mention the amount of data that could be mined
               | from those customers
               | 
               | That was my cynical take on it.
        
               | flutas wrote:
               | IIRC the federal infrastructure bill required chargers to
               | accept via CC reader or plug and charge. So I'm sure we
               | will be seeing more chargers with it shortly.
        
               | al_borland wrote:
               | So solving this problem would be as simple as
               | mandating/regulating it? Sounds like a no-brainer to end
               | this debate, standardize things, and allow the build out
               | to happen in a quick and standard way across companies.
               | 
               | With all the EV goals that various countries are making,
               | this seems like a foundational part of it. Consumers
               | aren't going to buy into EVs in mass until charging in a
               | solved problem.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | The epic solution is free charging financed by gasoline
               | taxes.
        
               | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
               | RV charging has much smaller installations than gas.
               | Instead of gas stations, the most common SV charging will
               | eventually be thick poles on the footpath so you can
               | charge wherever you park, or small one or two bay
               | charging facilities at various businesses. That's the
               | sort of charging infrastructure you want and seamless
               | payment solutions is an enabling tech.
        
             | ClassyJacket wrote:
             | But why not just have contactless bank card payment?
             | 
             | Yeah it is a pain, I have an electric car, but only because
             | they force you to use their broken apps. All they have to
             | do is let you pay with a bank card and it'll be just as
             | easy as buying petrol.
        
             | brnt wrote:
             | So, I haven't got the money for an electric car... One just
             | can't use the payment card at a bog standard self service
             | payment terminal? I had assumed that, but apparently no?
             | You seriously visit random websites and enter CC details?
        
               | hcal wrote:
               | Right, many or most don't have credit card terminals. You
               | plug in, load an app, find you station, select a port
               | number, tell it to start and hope it works. It doesn't
               | sound that bad, but the chargers janky, the apps are
               | janky and it takes a long time often with multiple
               | attempts.
        
               | brnt wrote:
               | Installing random apps sounds janky as hell. I only
               | install vetted apps from F droid. I wouldn't give a
               | charging station access to my phone.
        
             | akouri wrote:
             | This is exactly it. My dad almost missed some of my
             | sister's wedding fiddling with the same type of crappy UX
             | on a no-name charger.
        
           | solatic wrote:
           | Recharging electric vehicles is not like refilling gas-
           | powered cars. You will intentionally drive a gas vehicle down
           | to 20%, even 10% tank left before going out of your way to a
           | gas station, maybe once a week on average. But with electric
           | cars, you should intentionally be plugging in to recharge as
           | frequently as possible, at least once a day, as you are
           | penalized (with longer recharge times) the longer you go
           | between recharges.
           | 
           | Imagine needing to negotiate a credit card with your wall
           | outlet before recharging your phone every night, and you'll
           | get an idea why people would _hate_ needing to pull out their
           | credit card for every EV charge.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | You must not have had a dad that harped on you about
             | letting your tank get below 50%. If I let mine get down to
             | 10%, my dad would have taken my keys away. There are many
             | reasons people give for this that do not involve zombies
             | and go bags
        
               | fshbbdssbbgdd wrote:
               | Your car is rear-wheel-drive and the extra weight you are
               | carrying around in the fuel tank helps your acceleration
               | in the snow?
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | no, i had a small truck, so we'd just throw extra ballast
               | in the back to help with that
        
               | NewJazz wrote:
               | Driving with a near empty tank is more likely to cause
               | corrosion.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | this isn't technically correct. the low levels are not
               | causing the corrosion. it's the contaminants that float
               | in the fuel is the issue. when the tank has plenty of
               | fuel, those floaters are not near the fuel pump. as the
               | levels lower, the contaminants become more concentrated
               | and are more likely to interact with the pump. at least,
               | that's how it was described to me. by described, of
               | course i mean harped on at every opportunity the parental
               | unit could berate about lack of proper care for the car
               | blah blah blah
        
               | hgomersall wrote:
               | I remember the garage owner telling my parents they
               | should only half fill the tank to reduce the weight being
               | driven around.
        
               | olyjohn wrote:
               | It's pretty much completely pointless to worry about when
               | you fill up your tank. Just fill it up when you need or
               | want to.
        
           | enragedcacti wrote:
           | For apartments I think it makes a lot of sense. Having to do
           | a couple transactions every road trip is one thing, but
           | having to complete a transaction just to top off every night
           | the way a homeowner would sounds really annoying.
        
             | jsight wrote:
             | The flip side to that is that you'd only have to setup the
             | app once at your home. If the charging activation is as
             | smooth as chargepoint, it wouldn't be bad at all.
        
             | spaceywilly wrote:
             | It would be easy to support both options. Many gas stations
             | have their own app payment system.
        
             | HenryBemis wrote:
             | I am thinking of buildings where they got 100+ parking
             | spots, and one can install a charging station for
             | his/her/their car. THAT station needs some 'lock' (software
             | or hardware). Otherwise what stops someone else to abuse my
             | parking spot's 'e-pump', when I drive to work and the spot
             | will be unoccupied for the next 10h?
             | 
             | So some hoop-jumping should also be required.
        
             | namdnay wrote:
             | For apartments it would make more sense to have it read the
             | same key fob you use to open the gates or whatever. Then
             | just add it on your monthly building bill
        
               | akouri wrote:
               | Not a bad idea. We are looking into this. One issue is
               | that the vendors for these keyfobs are super fragmented
               | -- even more so than Plug & Charge adoption.
        
               | g_p wrote:
               | Worth being aware that, as well as keyfobs being super
               | fragmented, many are woefully insecure. Think "they just
               | say their ID number when you put them in a reader field".
               | 
               | That means you can trivially clone them. Not hugely
               | exciting for access to a (common) hallway in a large
               | building. If cloning someone else's fob gets you free car
               | charging, the incentive is there to clone them. Also, not
               | all buildings will use unique fobs per "unit" (and you'd
               | likely need to support per-resident/tenant fob
               | uniqueness... And something for guests!) -- sometimes
               | it's a single hardcoded value for the whole block or door
               | zone that the fob opens...
               | 
               | You can, of course, build something proper using NFC (and
               | a smartcard running a smartcard applet), which is
               | effectively like your own custom mini "chip and PIN" EMV
               | system -- you would have to design and implement the wire
               | protocol to authenticate the card etc etc, and all the
               | security design around that, but it could be done. That
               | would at least let you have something more than simply
               | shouting your tag ID number into the air like a super
               | basic NFC tag (or RFID keyfob).
        
           | jsight wrote:
           | With an L2 at an apartment, you might be plugging in daily.
           | It'd be nice to keep the steps as minimal as possible.
           | 
           | Having said that, something like an NFC card + QR code
           | support would be good enough, IMO. The main thing would be to
           | keep the app as simple and fast as possible.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | QR sticker manipulation is too easy of a vector for me to
             | take anything seriously when it comes to "just scan the
             | code, enter card data, and carry on" is just too easy to
             | fake. it's even easier than credit card skimmers. I like QR
             | codes and their convenience for non-critical things like
             | marketing. For things that are direct payment links it is
             | just too unsecure for my comfort
        
               | jsight wrote:
               | That's a fair point. TBH, a combination of GPS (or just
               | smart defaulting) and entering a short code would work
               | pretty easily as well.
               | 
               | They could also put the QR on a small screen to make it
               | harder to fake. A little epaper display wouldn't add much
               | to the cost.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | also, who plugs in daily? do you fuel your ICE car daily?
               | other than professional drivers, i'm doubting this is the
               | normal routine for normal drivers. the irrational idea
               | that EVs need to be plugged in at any and every
               | opportunity is something that should be rationalized
               | away. <referring to your point earlier>
               | 
               | i don't own an EV, so maybe my preconceived ideas of only
               | charging when necessary may be what needs updating???
               | however, regular battery maintenance routines suggests
               | daily charging might not be the best for the battery.
        
               | jsight wrote:
               | I'd guess that most EV owners with home charging do plug
               | in daily, but also limit charge based on the type of
               | pack. For most of us, that means ~80% as a daily limit,
               | if not less.
               | 
               | In practice, I don't think EV owners are seeing a
               | meaningful difference between repeatedly doing charges
               | from 70 to 80% vs periodically doing bigger charges (eg,
               | 20-80%).
               | 
               | So why not have a full-enough pack every morning? It is
               | one of the big conveniences of an EV. Obviously this will
               | be different if they don't have home charging or have a
               | less than convenient setup.
        
               | g_p wrote:
               | The problem with fancy variants on trying to "better
               | protect" a QR code is that users don't know what to
               | expect, and the lowest common denomenator of social
               | compliance means they'll (have to, if they want to not be
               | stranded) eventually scan whatever QR code is there, in
               | an attempt to charge.
               | 
               | It feels like this whole "scan the QR code" is a reverse
               | of the ideal paradigm that is (obviously) very easily
               | exploited by scammers and opportunists, especially if
               | payment information is requested! We spent long enough
               | trying to train users to not enter usernames, passwords,
               | and payment details into random web pages when asked...
               | Now they're being asked to do it!
               | 
               | I don't think a QR on a small screen is the answer -
               | people will just cover it with their sticker. If that's
               | not good enough, they'll make a sticker that looks like a
               | small screen with some frame around it.
               | 
               | We need to treat the charger itself as an untrusted piece
               | of infrastructure, and do discovery the other way around.
               | If a user knows they are going to an "ABC Corp" charger,
               | there is presumably a route for them to use a relatively
               | trustworthy discovery platform (i.e. an app store, their
               | EV charging map already knowing where they are headed) to
               | navigate the user to the genuine interface.
               | 
               | For the issue of "which charger to activate", I'm not an
               | EV user, but this feels like if the car communicates any
               | form of usable information to the charger, this could be
               | used to help the user. Easy (and private) paradigms like
               | unlocking a given charger by a map view wouldn't be
               | intuitive for people with reduced spatial awareness (or
               | at night when nobody has a clue where they are in
               | relation to things on a map), but at a small enough
               | charging station you could just ask the user to confirm
               | if they are using "charger 3" (like gas station pump
               | numbers), since that's the only port with a car not yet
               | enabled to charge. For larger places, surely it's easier
               | to use "pump numbers".
               | 
               | (Which is effectively what you are suggesting with a
               | short code, but I think the QR part is a potentially bad
               | paradigm we should try to kill off before it sticks
               | around!)
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | Yep. Regular petrol stations figured out pay at the pump
           | decades ago. Why is this such a problem for EV charging?
        
             | quickthrowman wrote:
             | That's a easyn one. The charger manufacturers (ChargePoint,
             | etc) want to rake a percentage of the charging revenue for
             | themselves, so they force you to route payment processing
             | through them.
        
             | KennyBlanken wrote:
             | Companies don't want want the hassle and expense of PCI
             | compliance across their charger network. If it's just
             | session auth shit going across the wire, they only need to
             | worry about PCI compliance on the back end.
             | 
             | By collecting lots of info about you, they get a lower
             | processing rate because the transaction is lower risk vs a
             | swipe/tap.
             | 
             | They can save on transaction fees if they consolidate
             | charging sessions; say you do 2-3 charging sessions in one
             | day.
             | 
             | They want all the personal data they can collect on you
             | constantly if you have the app installed, and to spam you
             | with marketing notifications.
             | 
             | They want resistance to using a different charging network.
             | Charger Company A's charger is $1/minute and Charger
             | Company B's charger is $1.10, and they're on the same
             | block? Obviously you're going to go to the cheaper one if
             | you can just swipe your credit card.
             | 
             | If you have to download an app (using your mobile data, and
             | it might be quite slow), register an account, etc - then
             | you not going to bother with the cheaper station.
        
               | JAlexoid wrote:
               | This is before EV charging becomes a commodity or a
               | public utility...
               | 
               | Though public utilities are typically even worse, than
               | the current landscape of charging apps :(
        
               | ska wrote:
               | Honestly, it may not matter if companies don't want it.
               | 
               | Consumers are going to demand it, and it may be necessary
               | before EV's become ubiquitous, assuming they do. One
               | thing that has helped their case in the US is that
               | payments have historically been a pain in the ass anyway,
               | compared to many other countries. That is changing
               | though.
        
               | hedora wrote:
               | > Charger Company A's charger is $1/minute and Charger
               | Company B's charger is $1.10, and they're on the same
               | block?
               | 
               | I'd go to the one that accepted my credit card and didn't
               | have an app.
        
               | quickthrowman wrote:
               | You forgot the part where the EV charger manufacturer
               | forces you to route payment processing through them so
               | they can take a cut of the charger revenue, that and the
               | data collection are the two main reasons you have to
               | install the ChargePoint app or whatever.
        
             | isk517 wrote:
             | EV are brand new and give us a chance to think of new and
             | interesting solutions for problems that were solved decades
             | ago. The average baby is about 75% water so do you really
             | want to go through the trouble of separating it from the
             | bath water? /s
        
           | hehhehaha wrote:
           | I think the credit card thing would require the chargers to
           | be monitored in a way.
        
           | autoexecbat wrote:
           | It's a _really_ big improvement, I don 't want to mess around
           | with some random app or some credit card reader. Having
           | experienced it I'd never go back
        
           | akouri wrote:
           | Tap & Pay with a ccard still requires you to fiddle with a
           | station and slows you down. If you are plugging in at home
           | (which is our target market), the fewer interactions needed
           | the better. Imagine every time you get home you need to take
           | your wallet out, tap the machine, wait for some 3rd party api
           | to talk to the charger in the dimly lit basement, and then
           | and only then you can leave. This is like 30 seconds of your
           | day wasted.
           | 
           | Plus, ultimately we want to make charging as cheap as
           | possible and having to pay the $.30 interchange fee each time
           | a user plugs in would add a ton of overhead to our cost
           | model.
        
             | hedora wrote:
             | This would be infinitely better than the current model,
             | where you have to install a bullshit app, which doesn't
             | work over 20% of the time.
             | 
             | I'd happily pay $0.30 per charge session to just use
             | standard NFC or chip payments.
             | 
             | Also, why in god's name would I have authentication on my
             | home charger?
        
               | akouri wrote:
               | > Also, why in god's name would I have authentication on
               | my home charger?
               | 
               | Not everyone in the US lives in a single family home
        
               | VBprogrammer wrote:
               | Surely this could be dealt with by accepting a
               | "membership card" over NFC. I'm sure my dad has a token
               | for the parking barriers at his place of work which can
               | also take direct card payments.
               | 
               | As an added bonus, when you have family or friends
               | visiting they can pay to charge as normal (at presumably
               | a slightly less attractive rate).
        
             | namdnay wrote:
             | If it's a multi-family home system, why not just use
             | contactless badges/fobs to identify each family? When you
             | move in you sign the contract, give your bank details and
             | get a fob. Then just badge with the fob to charge
        
               | akouri wrote:
               | Not a bad idea. Will look into it!
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | The only EVs I've used are the hire-from-the-street ones
               | available in some cities in Europe. There's generally a
               | small credit (free minutes) if you leave them charging at
               | the end of a trip. There are RFID tags in the car to
               | activate the charger -- I assume it's essentially
               | equivalent to a company credit card used to buy petrol,
               | or when you hire an ICE car with fuel included and
               | there's a special credit card in the glovebox to use to
               | pay for the petrol.
               | 
               | E.g. https://www.greenmobility.com/dk/en/faq/
        
             | ska wrote:
             | That makes sense that the use case in a shared home lot is
             | different than out and about, but still doesn't obviously
             | suggest payment routing over the charger - wouldn't monthly
             | billing be better from the consumers point of view? You'd
             | only need a car identifier for that.
        
               | akouri wrote:
               | Yes, to your point the Plug & Charge mechanism is just
               | for authentication. Through our integrations with Yardi,
               | Buildium, etc. payment can just be taken out of rent or
               | tacked onto the sub-metered utility bill.
        
               | ska wrote:
               | Gotcha, that makes sense.
               | 
               | How do you handle for example visitor spots (e.g. one off
               | charge) in a multi-family unit?
        
           | CarVac wrote:
           | For routine home charging, you don't want to require a credit
           | card transaction.
        
           | AmericanChopper wrote:
           | Because according to the parent commenter, any company that
           | doesn't let them take control of their payments is a walled
           | garden. I mean, how is their startup going to make any money
           | if these charging companies don't give it to them?
        
           | andrejk wrote:
           | This road trip video does a good job showing the papercuts
           | and more significant issues that make a non-Tesla road trip
           | painful.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92w5doU68D8
        
         | dybber wrote:
         | That's where governmental regulation should kick in and require
         | compatibility, so you aren't forced to change charger because
         | you either change car or power company. I expect EU to get
         | there at some point.
        
           | akira2501 wrote:
           | It's interesting that governments are more interested in
           | telling you what kind of stove you can buy and seem to have
           | zero interests in telling EV makers what kind of plug they
           | have to use.
           | 
           | It took them the better part of a decade just to bring Apple
           | to the table on USB. I don't have the same faith you do
           | they're going to be able to even partially repeat this
           | success in a much more diverse ecosystem like vehicles.
        
           | FirmwareBurner wrote:
           | _> I expect EU to get there at some point._
           | 
           | IMHO, the EU should have done this yester-five-years-ago.
           | It's absolutely baffling they haven't already, considering
           | they're going to outlaw ICE cars in just 6 years time, yet we
           | don't yet have friggin EV charging regulations in place to
           | ensure it always just works for evryone.
           | 
           | I assume politicians are too busy with the inflation/CoL,
           | wars, migration and how to win the upcoming elections in
           | 2024, to worry that we'll be caught wither our pants down on
           | the EV infrastructure side in a few years, because they've
           | been asleep at the wheel.
           | 
           | Mark my words, come 2029, and everyone's gonna freak out,
           | there will be outcry from the voters, and the ICE ban will be
           | postponed for 5 more years so we can get charging
           | infrastructure sorted.
        
         | Caddickbrown wrote:
         | Did Tesla not release all of their patents a few years back?
         | Can people not just... use the stuff?
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | It came with a lot of strings attached. For instance, in
           | order to use Tesla patents a company cannot attack Tesla for
           | _any_ intellectual property matter. Also, Tesla still makes
           | use of trade secrets and its design patents are not released.
           | 
           | Which is the reason why about no one took on the offer, it is
           | a legal minefield for not that much value. NACS became a
           | thing only after they truly released the standard.
        
           | akouri wrote:
           | The patents for the NACS connector were open sourced. We are
           | utilizing that for our charger hub/connector.
           | 
           | The communication and payment protocol is still proprietary.
        
         | 7952 wrote:
         | Any thoughts on having a credit card reader instead?
        
         | castratikron wrote:
         | You could either 1. itemize the charging bill on their monthly
         | rent, if that parking spot is reserved for one tenant. Really
         | should be no difference from the rest of their electricity use.
         | 2. Charge a flat fee on their rent, and then give them charging
         | for free between off-peak hours. Some utilities offer very
         | cheap off peak rates for EV charging, 3. integrate a credit
         | card reader or bill acceptor for cash payment. Option 3 seems
         | hard if you are trying to cost optimize the charger hardware.
         | 
         | I am bearish on universal PnC being practical to implement.
         | Every EV manufacturer has to make agreements with every EVSE
         | operator to use the same root CAs and same billing system. If
         | you think of an EVSE like a vending machine, there really is no
         | interoperability precedent for this kind of payment. Tesla is
         | special case because they operate both the cars and charging
         | network. But if Pepsi owned and operated all of their vending
         | machines, we probably would have seen the same walled garden.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | Can Tesla refuse to charge a car at their whim? Because, say,
         | you were banned from Twitter/X? Too many fast charges this
         | week? Covered the driver-facing camera?
        
           | Shank wrote:
           | Tesla currently revokes supercharging status on salvage title
           | vehicles on their network. Depending on the title and
           | circumstances, it can be annoying to get working again.
        
         | iwontberude wrote:
         | Using sine-qua-non was a classy way to obfuscate your meaning.
         | I liked it and I don't know why exactly. I had to read a
         | definition to understand something that was so simple.
        
           | akouri wrote:
           | Glad my high school Latin classes came in useful for
           | something.
        
         | alistairSH wrote:
         | Why does it need to be app based? Can't you use CC terminals
         | like a normal gas station? Swipe or tap card like any other
         | payment?
        
           | heyoni wrote:
           | Isn't that what OP is saying? That it shouldn't be app based
           | and that the new ISO would resolve that by having the car
           | communicate with the charging station? /edit I may have
           | misread that
           | 
           | /edit2 the proposal uses certificate exchange between the car
           | and the charging station. No app.
        
         | port914 wrote:
         | I think you'll need to pivot soon. Tesla has it all figured
         | out, including destination charging.
        
       | zackmorris wrote:
       | This makes me sad in a way that's a little hard to articulate.
       | But I'll try!
       | 
       | I plug my $9000 2013 Nissan Leaf into an ordinary 120V extension
       | cord each night so I can commute to a neighboring city for work,
       | and the electricity costs me $20/mo. I also have a 1986 Toyota
       | pickup like on Back to the Future that I had to gas up every
       | other week, using 30 gallons of gas per month and costing over
       | $100. So the operating cost of an EV is about 3-5 times lower
       | than a gas vehicle.
       | 
       | My friend has an EV charging dongle that we jokingly call the
       | octopus, which has a dozen adapters for plugging into every kind
       | of 120/240V outlet like on ovens and dryers. So he charges his
       | car in 4 hours out of whatever outlet is available, for the same
       | $20/mo that I pay.
       | 
       | So convincing the public that everyone needs to buy a $500-1000
       | charging station for their EV was a social engineering campaign
       | to slow the adoption of EVs.
       | 
       | The real engineering work to let us plug EVs into any outlet has
       | not been done yet. But it would look like this:
       | 
       | * Level 2 J1772 chargers have a resistor that tells the EV how
       | much wattage to draw. But that just passes the buck to the user,
       | who now must ensure that the outlet can provide that wattage. A
       | better system would have a smart power manager that senses
       | current saturation or voltage drop near the point where the
       | circuit breaker trips. We also need smart breakers that add
       | noise/harmonics/phase as they approach their limit, which EVs
       | would detect to self-regulate. And we need breakers that trip for
       | a nominal time like 1 second or shorter, or however long power
       | supplies can continue to operate uninterrupted, so that a tripped
       | breaker isn't a showstopper.
       | 
       | * Nearly all US portable battery power stations come in only 120V
       | with a 30A TT-30 plug normally used for RVs, with no 240V option
       | unless you connect two stations for twice the price. If we want a
       | 5000Wh/240V station so we can charge our EVs on solar power,
       | we'll have to go to Europe or Alibaba to get it.
       | 
       | * Battery chargers, BMSs and inverters are notoriously finicky.
       | They often won't charge below a certain voltage threshold,
       | causing some solar installations to spend part of the day off. We
       | need 95% efficient 10kW rectifiers/inverters that can take any
       | AC/DC voltage from 0-500V and output standard
       | 12/24/48/96/120/240/480V in all phases without requiring
       | configuration from the user, for under $1000.
       | 
       | If we had these ubiquitous power tools, then choice of
       | NACS/CCS/CHAdeMO would be moot.
       | 
       | Edit: I forgot to add that before Google fell, they held their
       | Little Box Challenge in 2014 to develop a high-efficiency low-
       | cost 95% efficient 2 kW inverter similar to the one I mentioned,
       | so the tech has been available for almost a decade now:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Box_Challenge
        
         | martythemaniak wrote:
         | I don't understand your comment. Tesla sells a charger for $230
         | that comes with 120V/15A and 240V/50A connectors
         | (https://shop.tesla.com/product/mobile-connector). You can also
         | buy a connectors for every type of socket there is
         | (https://shop.tesla.com/product/gen-2-nema-adapters).
         | 
         | I had a 240V outlet installed in my garage and plug that in
         | there to charge. I also bring it with me if I go to cottages,
         | etc. I've used that with questionable sockets and extension
         | cables and the charging speed automatically switches to lower
         | amps if it can't draw the full 12A. You install a dedicated
         | charger if you want 80A or to mount it outside (it's
         | weatherproof)
         | 
         | What am I missing?
        
           | megaman821 wrote:
           | NEMA 50 with the mobile charger is the way to go. It is
           | future proof and only charges a tiny bit slower than the
           | dedicated Tesla wall connector. Not to mention with a NEMA 30
           | adapter it can charge up RVs.
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | The reality is that particularly in winter and outside, most
         | recent EV cars will barely gain any charge from a 120V standard
         | power outlet - keeping the battery conditioned eats up all of
         | that power.
        
           | ben0x539 wrote:
           | When you say winter and outside, what temperature ranges do
           | you mean?
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >* Level 2 J1772 chargers have a resistor that tells the EV how
         | much wattage to draw. But that just passes the buck to the
         | user, who now must ensure that the outlet can provide that
         | wattage. A better system would have a smart power manager that
         | senses current saturation or voltage drop near the point where
         | the circuit breaker trips. We also need smart breakers that add
         | noise/harmonics/phase as they approach their limit, which EVs
         | would detect to self-regulate. And we need breakers that trip
         | for a nominal time like 1 second or shorter, or however long
         | power supplies can continue to operate uninterrupted, so that a
         | tripped breaker isn't a showstopper.
         | 
         | wouldn't it be way less work for the homeowner to figure out
         | how much current their wiring is rated for, and use an adapter
         | that reports a static current? Why introduce complexity by
         | making current negotiation dynamic?
        
       | l72 wrote:
       | While this sounds good, why are we so focused on charging
       | stations? It seems to me, it would make much more sense to have a
       | series of batteries that can quickly be removed, and have battery
       | exchanges.
       | 
       | Then, if you need a charge, you pull over to a battery exchange,
       | swap out batteries in a few seconds, and go on your way.
       | 
       | I have seen this in China with electric scooters, and it seems
       | like it could scale well for cars too.
        
         | whalesalad wrote:
         | For most EV's (specifically Tesla) the battery is a structural
         | component of the vehicle (for better or for worse).
         | 
         | Would require a complete architectural shift. Also, they would
         | be incredibly heavy and difficult to swap. Would require
         | multiple smaller batteries. People would abuse them. Would
         | require huge inventory of batteries all over the place. Imagine
         | going on a long road trip, you wouldn't bring batteries with
         | you. You'd swap them along the way. What if a particular
         | vendor/station is out of batteries for the day? Or doesn't have
         | your particular flavor of battery because (like we have seen
         | with charging ports in this exact story) manufacturers couldn't
         | agree on the interface/size? Or the batteries they have are
         | abused and low quality / at end of life? This is very common
         | with scooters. It would be a shit show.
         | 
         | On the other hand, electricity is essentially fluid. It does
         | not require a container. As battery tech improves and as high
         | voltage charging becomes more commonplace, plugging in to
         | charge won't be so bad.
        
         | sudobash1 wrote:
         | I can think of many reasons:
         | 
         | * Batteries are really expensive and have a limited life. If my
         | batteries were wearing out, could I go to one of these swaps
         | and hope for a fresher set?
         | 
         | * Different sized cars require different battery capacities (EV
         | Ford F150 vs Nissan Leaf). Not a problem with charging cables,
         | but a big issue with battery swapping.
         | 
         | * Battery swapping stations would be orders of magnitude more
         | expensive than charging stations.
         | 
         | * This is not really useful for many (or maybe most) users. If
         | you are driving around town or commuting, charging overnight at
         | home should be good enough for most people. (The main hurdle
         | here would be convincing landlords of the importance of
         | charging).
         | 
         | * It is a lot easier to standardize on a charging port, than to
         | standardize one a battery pack. A standardized battery pack
         | would dictate how the car is structured.
         | 
         | * It would make innovation harder on battery packs. It could
         | make it impractical to try a new battery chemistry or capacity,
         | whereas these are fairly easy changes to make without changing
         | the charging port.
        
         | asylteltine wrote:
         | I agree. Battery replacements need to be the goal not charging.
         | It's WAY more efficient and cost effective since you can charge
         | at off peak times. Smaller EVs like motorcycles have no chance
         | until replacement is an option
        
         | superjan wrote:
         | why is this downvoted? It is a legitimate question. You can
         | comment if you have a counterargument.
        
         | dkbrk wrote:
         | Tesla already tried that, years and years ago. They built a
         | fully automated battery swapping station for the Model S, as a
         | test of concept, and nobody used it. So the program was
         | abandoned as a complete failure, and now Tesla's newer models
         | no longer have the capability.
         | 
         | In fact, Tesla's Head of Design and VP of vehicle engineering
         | discussed this very topic just a few days ago in Jay Leno's
         | video on the Cybertruck [0]:
         | 
         | [0]: https://youtu.be/BGDOKD7ZZqI?si=TR7Txex7qg5VGYar&t=3158
        
         | spaceywilly wrote:
         | There's also a company in China that does EV swaps for cars.
         | It's a very cumbersome process, the battery can be thousands of
         | pounds, and there are also cooling connectors to worry about.
         | On top of that, it would require every car to have a
         | standardized battery, or else we'd be back to we are today.
         | 
         | It would require a large increase in battery energy density
         | combined with a large improvement in thermal efficiency to be
         | successful on a large scale. Plug in chargers make way more
         | sense. Solid state batteries are on the horizon that will
         | charge as quickly as filling a gas tank.
        
         | fexatious wrote:
         | I think scooters are about where it stops working well at a
         | consumer level.
         | 
         | Battery swapping exists in the forklift industry but it is
         | complicated and dangerous. Forklift batteries are about a
         | thousand pounds (less than car batteries) and often open cell
         | lead acid (which has additional challenges that lithium doesn't
         | like spills, watering, and gas discharge). In the type of
         | forklifts I occasionally see, the batteries sit on rollers with
         | a side access door and lockout. the tunnel the battery lives in
         | is a little wider than the battery, has a gate that must be
         | reinstalled, and the battery slides around a little during
         | operation. Battery is connected to the system with a flexible
         | connector.
         | 
         | Despite the electric forklift battery swapping industry being a
         | lot smaller than the car charging industry it seems to be a
         | reasonably dangerous affair. there are significant OSHA
         | regulations, and a nonzero number of yearly injuries.
         | 
         | If you were going to operate a car battery swapping lot, you
         | would probably need: powered battery swapping trucks manned by
         | professional operators, a very flat well maintained driving
         | surface, an indoor charging room, a standardized car battery
         | placement, access system, tie down system, and battery size.
         | you would need to worry about things getting caught in the
         | battery doors, the battery - car cable getting severed, making
         | sure you were perfectly lined up with the access door, and
         | about doing some sort of tie down routine.
         | 
         | It's doable but it would be a LOT of work to get right.
         | Batteries aren't as fungible as tanks of gas so you'd probably
         | only use such a system for corporate vehicle fleets or special
         | lease pools.
         | 
         | Second link isn't great and is selling batteries but it seems
         | to cite useful figures
         | 
         | https://www.osha.gov/etools/powered-industrial-trucks/types-...
         | 
         | https://www.onecharge.biz/blog/lithium-batteries-get-the-
         | top...!
        
       | ttyyzz wrote:
       | I work in the Volkswagen Group and will only add that Audi and
       | Porsche have to go along just because of synergy effects, apart
       | from the fact that they also belong to the Volkswagen Group and
       | do what their mother wants.
        
         | TacticalCoder wrote:
         | > ... apart from the fact that they also belong to the
         | Volkswagen Group
         | 
         | Volkswagen group with itself belongs to the Porsche SE holding.
         | The Porsche SE holding is the biggest owner of Volkswagen
         | shares (with 1/3rd of all the shares) and holds the majority of
         | the shares with voting rights.
         | 
         | And the Porsche SE holding shares are mostly held by the two
         | Porsche and Piech families.
         | 
         | So, in the end, Porsche the car manufacturer belongs to the VW
         | group which itself belongs to the Porsche SE holding which
         | itself belongs to the Porsche (and Piech) families.
        
       | maximus-decimus wrote:
       | I wonder how much this will have an Osborne effect i.e. will
       | people just stop buying their EVs until they release cars with
       | the Tesla connector?
       | 
       | Buying a car without that plug now is a bit like buying a Betamax
       | player right after everybody announces they'll soon only support
       | VHS.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | And that just leaves stellantis brands... Abarth, Alfa Romeo,
       | Chrysler, Citroen, Dodge, DS, Fiat, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Opel,
       | Peugeot, Ram, and Vauxhall.
        
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