[HN Gopher] Philips recalls 340 MRI machines because they may ex...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Philips recalls 340 MRI machines because they may explode in an
       emergency
        
       Author : LinuxBender
       Score  : 66 points
       Date   : 2023-12-24 19:24 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theregister.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theregister.com)
        
       | BobaFloutist wrote:
       | Well that's definitely not what they're supposed to do.
        
       | jt2190 wrote:
       | The Food and Drug Administration's web page about the recall is
       | clearly written:
       | 
       | (edit: actually not a recall but a requirement that the machines
       | are not used until they're serviced)
       | 
       | https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/medical-device-recalls/p...
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | That's absolutely a recall. An FDA recall means the product is
         | in violation of the law. Those violations must be corrected or
         | the device must be destroyed, and if not, then the FDA has the
         | right to seize it.
         | 
         | The recall strategy in this case is not to ship it back to the
         | manufacturer, but to have the manufacturer come out and service
         | the device until it is again compliant with the law.
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | It has very little to do with the violations of the law.
           | There is no law that states mri machines must have <X% chance
           | of exploding.
           | 
           | The way these things work is that the firm has decided based
           | on their data and reports to issue a recall and notify the
           | FDA. The manufacturer recommends hospitals not use the
           | device, however there is the possibility that they continue
           | to do so (the probably won't for liability reasons).
        
             | pkaye wrote:
             | Take the number of MRI machine in the field, A, multiply by
             | the probable rate of failure, B, multiply by the average
             | out-of-court settlement, C. A times B times C equals X. If
             | X is less than the cost of a recall, they don't do one.
        
         | Jabbles wrote:
         | _There has been one reported event of an explosion in 22 years
         | of use. There have been no reports of injury or death._
         | 
         | I wonder what the total negative health consequences of not
         | being able to use all those MRI machines until they are
         | serviced will be.
        
           | fnordpiglet wrote:
           | Also doesn't say it happened to a Phillips machine, my read
           | is that's for any MRI machine - ever.
           | 
           | So, yeah, a recall, but nothing ominous about it. Things get
           | recalled all the time.
        
             | sverhagen wrote:
             | Yet the press this is getting is, like the article said, a
             | black mark on Philips. They were a very diverse company,
             | until they chose a few specific markets in which not to
             | divest, healthcare being one of them. This must be quite
             | the chill at headquarters.
        
       | pstuart wrote:
       | It's a pity that the helium is vented out, considering its
       | increasing rarity.
       | 
       | I'm guessing that capture and reuse probably would add way too
       | much to the price of the machine.
        
         | Metacelsus wrote:
         | It can be recovered, see for example:
         | https://news.ucsc.edu/2019/12/helium-recovery.html
        
         | fabian2k wrote:
         | This is about quenching, which happens in emergencies or
         | failure. During regular use helium is recycled in similar
         | systems often today. But it's simply not feasible to do that
         | when all the liquid helium in there evaporates at once
        
         | cperciva wrote:
         | If you suddenly have thousands of L of He gas on your hands,
         | venting is better than exploding.
        
         | namibj wrote:
         | The issue in that respect is that they flood the coils in a
         | helium bath, instead of utilizing additional structures like
         | channels/nozzles to provide the same rate of freshly cooled
         | helium to the heat sources as the bath does, but with far less
         | helium required in the system.
        
           | fabian2k wrote:
           | I don't think any similar magnet exists that doesn't embed
           | the magnet in a dewar full of liquid helium. And it probably
           | doesn't make any sense to do it differently, even if it were
           | possible.
           | 
           | You need some mass here for the helium anyway as you never
           | ever must run dry and it constantly evaporates.
        
         | ars wrote:
         | This only happens in an emergency, not during normal operation.
         | 
         | Pretty much the only time you would do it when a person is
         | stuck in the machine by some piece of metal that is attracted
         | to the magnet. You hit the quench button which vents all the
         | helium, but more importantly also halts the magnet (all the
         | energy released from halting the magnet goes into boiling the
         | helium), and then you can release the person.
         | 
         | You don't do this for any other purpose, for example if some
         | metal cart is stuck in the machine, but no one is at risk, you
         | use a slower method to shut down the magnet (i.e. drain the
         | energy) that doesn't vent the Helium.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | I was under the impression that metal 'sticks' to an MRI
           | machine with so much force it will usually puncture the
           | machine and all the helium will leak out ..
        
             | fabian2k wrote:
             | Large metal objects can cause a quench. Smaller and medium-
             | sized ones usually won't, they will just stick to the
             | magnet until you release them.
        
       | akira2501 wrote:
       | Liquid helium has a 745:1 expansion ratio when converting into a
       | gas. So, that's not a fun problem to have.
        
       | lnxg33k1 wrote:
       | Its unbelievable the decline of philips, i used to buy their
       | stuff out of trust, but given their story with ventilators, this
       | one, and other personal ones with razors, waterfloss and
       | toothbrushes, I wouldn't touch anything from them with a ten foot
       | pole
        
         | terom wrote:
         | > There has been one reported event of an explosion in 22 years
         | of use. There have been no reports of injury or death.
        
           | lnxg33k1 wrote:
           | So they don't explode when they're new, but after a while?
           | How old was the machine exploding?
           | 
           | Not sure how your message disproves mine, this would be the
           | second recall in few years for philips, whatever, doesn't
           | come through as high quality
        
             | krisoft wrote:
             | > So they don't explode when they're new, but after a
             | while? How old was the machine exploding?
             | 
             | No. What they say that the problem occurs only very rarely.
             | The first of this MRI model was introduced in 2001, there
             | are hundreds of them used all the time and only one
             | explosion happened. Presumably that is the explosion which
             | has shown them that there is something wrong with the
             | model, and now they are taking corrective action.
             | 
             | > this would be the second recall in few years for philips
             | 
             | It is a huge company doing a lot of things. The safest way
             | to never make a mistake is by sitting on your hand and
             | refusing to do anything.
             | 
             | Some of the affected MRIs are old enough now to buy you a
             | alcohol, how is this an evidence of anything recent with
             | Philips?
             | 
             | > whatever, doesn't come through as high quality
             | 
             | They found a rare but potentially high impact issue and are
             | fixing it in decades old equipment on their own dime.
             | 
             | Show us that you have done things of similar complexity
             | better. What equipment you have designed is in constant
             | operation since 22 years? How do you know it doesn't have
             | any low probability, high consequence failure modes?
        
           | CharlesW wrote:
           | The parent commenter isn't just talking about this recall,
           | but what appears to be a developing pattern:
           | https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/07/health/cpap-defect-
           | recall... (https://archive.is/gvqmN)
           | 
           | > _The lawsuits have claimed that flaking foam and gasses
           | emitted from the machines were linked to health issues
           | including respiratory illnesses, lung cancer and death. The
           | foam was used in the machines to reduce noise and vibration._
           | 
           | > _In June 2021, the Food and Drug Administration announced a
           | recall of Philips machines that also included BiPAP devices
           | and ventilators made since 2009, warning that foam
           | deterioration in the products could cause "serious injury" to
           | users. Philips initially released a memo to doctors saying
           | the foam breakdown posed risks of "toxic carcinogenic
           | effects," but the company has since released updates
           | reporting a far lower level of concern._
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | "I don't wanna explode."
        
       | trebligdivad wrote:
       | I dont understand what the fault is - quenching is bad but
       | happens. Blocking the quench path sounds bad - is it saying that
       | something is causing it to be blocked or is the machine supposed
       | to do something else if hte quench path is blocked (what can it
       | do??)
        
         | EA-3167 wrote:
         | The rapid conversion from liquid or solid to gas, and the means
         | to (briefly) contain that... is a _bomb_. The reason you don 't
         | block the emergency relief is that you turn a quench from an
         | emergency involving asphyxiation, to something resembling a
         | detonation.
        
           | trebligdivad wrote:
           | Right, but that's true of all MRI's - so what's different in
           | this one?
        
             | refulgentis wrote:
             | "During a quench, which is not common, a large amount of
             | helium evaporates and is vented outside the building
             | through a venting system," the recall explains. "If an
             | unknown blockage is present in the venting system and the
             | pressure exceeds design limits, the structural integrity of
             | the system could be compromised."
        
               | op00to wrote:
               | This is a risk of any mri machine that uses helium to
               | cool a magnet. Why are only these machines being recalled
               | when if you block the exhaust of any mri scanner it will
               | blow up?
        
               | jabiko wrote:
               | This is just speculation, but maybe there is a secondary
               | rupture disk that vents the helium inside the room when
               | the primary path (the exhaust to the outside) is blocked.
               | And maybe that secondary rupture disk is too strong, so
               | another random part of the helium containment fails,
               | blowing up the machine and possibly injuring the patient.
               | But please note again that this is pure speculation.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | That doesn't explain what is different. I assume that is
               | a feature common to all machines.
        
               | Piezoid wrote:
               | Why not add a pressure relief valve on the quench path
               | with a very loud whistle? That should be enough to take
               | care of such rare and compounded failures.
               | 
               | What does recall means in this context? De-energizing the
               | superconductor and shipping it back? Seems like a waste
               | and a planning nightmare.
        
               | userbinator wrote:
               | I suspect this recall is precisely because someone
               | figured that the relief path wouldn't work.
        
         | crest wrote:
         | The Helium used for cooling expands a lot going from liquid to
         | gas during a quench (iirc by a factor of ~1800). The pressure
         | built-up from the phase change has to be relieved *quickly*
         | before the machine turns into a crude pipe bomb. Oh and you
         | can't get enough Oxygen from the air if most of it has been
         | replaced with leaked Helium.
        
       | jokoon wrote:
       | I worked in x ray imaging software in a company that assembled
       | them.
       | 
       | Risk assessment and traceability are not fun, but it's
       | interesting to see how to make safe things.
       | 
       | I wish general software had similar constraints or designs, or at
       | least insurance companies would lobby the government to force
       | software companies to proof read their code.
       | 
       | I don't want rust everywhere, but it should still be possible too
       | approach what rust is doing by other means.
        
         | serial_dev wrote:
         | Toxic teams and lazy developers will also find way to produce
         | crappy software with Rust.
         | 
         | The Rust developers of today might produce better software,
         | because they are the early adopters who care about performance,
         | safety and correctness, but I believe (assuming Rust becomes
         | mainstream) if you give regular developers Rust to code in,
         | they will produce the same quality as they do with Java,
         | Javascript, or C.
         | 
         | The environment and the individuals are significantly more
         | important than the programming language they use.
        
         | refulgentis wrote:
         | Where would i go to learn the fine details of how things like
         | risk assessment and traceability work in practice?
        
       | cperciva wrote:
       | Note: MRIs are incredibly safe. Your risk of dying due to an MRI
       | machine exploding is significantly less than your risk of dying
       | due to falling while climbing into the machine.
        
         | fabian2k wrote:
         | You should respect the magnet though. Those warnings aren't
         | there without reason, getting between an MRI or NMR and a
         | magnetic piece of metal is a bad idea
        
           | cperciva wrote:
           | Oh, absolutely. MRI machines are incredibly dangerous if not
           | handled properly. But the overwhelming majority of MRI-
           | related dangers are well understood and avoidable.
        
           | pengaru wrote:
           | Case in point: https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-
           | world/national/artic...
        
         | figmert wrote:
         | ~~I don't know why this is relevant, and quite frankly I find
         | comment odd. Just because y is safer than z, does not mean we
         | should ignore reasons why z isn't safe.~~
         | 
         | See OP's response for why this is crossed out (assuming HN
         | supports it).
        
           | cperciva wrote:
           | I think it's an important point to reinforce because news
           | stories like this can make patients afraid of MRIs,
           | potentially resulting in them avoiding necessary imaging.
           | Most people on HN are probably not going to make that error
           | -- but I think we have a responsibility to help communicate
           | to the broader community in this regard.
        
             | serial_dev wrote:
             | Each man is the architect of his own destiny.
             | 
             | If someone is afraid of MRI machines exploding (I've never
             | met anyone like that), they will need to live with the
             | consequences of that decision.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Of course. But that doesn't mean it isn't worthwhile to
               | be clear on what the factual risks are.
        
             | figmert wrote:
             | Great point, and it makes sense. Thanks for clarifying.
        
       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | At what point are less safe but cheaper machines worth it.
       | Hospitals ration MRI machine access through out the world. Even
       | in Canada, you have to wait on a list to get access.
       | 
       | "Canada could expect to wait a median of 5.4 weeks for a CT scan
       | and 10.6 weeks for an MRI scan"
        
         | lnsru wrote:
         | Is it not the case, that wait time goes to zero if you pay in
         | cash immediately?
        
           | mattlondon wrote:
           | FWIW in the UK I was able to get a MRI the next day when
           | going private. They even gave me a CD with the images.
           | 
           | They would have even done it the same day but _I_ wasn 't
           | available.
           | 
           | I suspect in the NHS I wouldn't have even got a MRI at all
           | (it was for a mildish running injury to my knee and just
           | needed some physio in the end, so MRI seemed like overkill!)
        
         | LegitShady wrote:
         | thats because Canada has less than 20% the MRI machines
         | proportionally to population as Japan, and 25% of the MRI
         | machines as the US. We're down near the Czech Republic and
         | Turkey.
         | 
         | From 2019:
         | 
         | https://www.statista.com/statistics/282401/density-of-magnet...
         | 
         | I didn't look very long so maybe there's more recent numbers
         | available.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-12-24 23:00 UTC)