[HN Gopher] How to Start Google
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How to Start Google
        
       Author : harscoat
       Score  : 349 points
       Date   : 2024-03-19 15:36 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (paulgraham.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (paulgraham.com)
        
       | hiddencost wrote:
       | "If you look at the lists of the richest people that occasionally
       | get published in the press, nearly all of them did it by starting
       | their own companies."
       | 
       | "Of the 137 people in the global study who achieved billionaire
       | status in the 12-month study period, 53 of them inherited $150.8
       | billion collectively, more than the $140.7 billion that was
       | earned by the 84 new self-made billionaires in the same time
       | period, the UBS study says.Nov 30, 2023"
        
         | seu wrote:
         | And still not taking into consideration that the majority of
         | those "self-made" billionaires anyway inherited many privileges
         | from their parents that helped them to "self make".
        
           | temporarara wrote:
           | It also doesn't hurt to inherit just a few millions and
           | combine it with hard work and luck if the alternative is just
           | hard work and luck.
        
         | IncreasePosts wrote:
         | Maybe merely having a billion dollars isn't what pg was
         | thinking of when talking about "the richest people". If you
         | look at the top 100, like he quotes in his article, only 27
         | inherited their fortune.
        
           | IllIlIIllI wrote:
           | Maybe only 27 inherited large fortunes, but many more started
           | at a much more privileged position than anyone in the rooms
           | Paul is talking to. Maybe they're not from billionaire
           | families, but almost all of them come from families the top
           | 1-3% in terms of wealth.
        
             | IncreasePosts wrote:
             | Who was he talking to? I have no idea what kids pg was
             | talking to, but if it was to peers of his own kids, chances
             | are they are already firmly in the 1%. In any case, to go
             | from top 1-3% to the top 0.0000001% is still incredibly
             | rare and noteworthy. Just because it is easier to do that
             | than go from the top 50th% to the top 0.0000001% doesn't
             | mean it is actually easy.
        
         | DavidSJ wrote:
         | _" Of the 137 people in the global study who achieved
         | billionaire status in the 12-month study period, 53 of them
         | inherited $150.8 billion collectively, more than the $140.7
         | billion that was earned by the 84 new self-made billionaires in
         | the same time period, the UBS study says.Nov 30, 2023" _
         | 
         | The citation for this quote appears to be
         | https://www.forbes.com/sites/maryroeloffs/2023/11/30/new-bil...
         | , but I don't believe that limits to those "that occasionally
         | get published in the press".
        
       | CPLX wrote:
       | He left out the part about starting your company at a unique
       | point in history where a generational technology shift was taking
       | place that _also_ happens to be a time when antitrust laws had
       | recently been enforced (making your main competitor wary) but
       | were about to be completely ignored for the next 20 years, so you
       | could exploit your initial market position and engage in anti-
       | competitive behavior to grow huge.
        
         | vehemenz wrote:
         | Or the part where your parents are professors and provide the
         | educational opportunities and financial freedom to take risks
         | that 99% of people don't have.
         | 
         | I don't mean that to even sound bitter or cynical, but it's
         | just a fact if you look at most founders, even the ones that
         | fail miserably.
        
           | twosdai wrote:
           | Take the risks you can with what you have.
        
           | brigadier132 wrote:
           | > where your parents are professors
           | 
           | There is always an excuse. The parents are professors, or
           | upper middle class dentists, or your mom does charity for
           | United Way and managed to become the leader of the charitable
           | organization and managed to meet some exec from IBM. Given
           | how diverse these professions are and that they basically
           | describe a slightly upper middle class family, im gonna guess
           | their children account for more than 1%.
        
       | shafyy wrote:
       | > _It 's more exciting to work on your own project than someone
       | else's. And you can also get a lot richer. In fact, this is the
       | standard way to get really rich. If you look at the lists of the
       | richest people that occasionally get published in the press,
       | nearly all of them did it by starting their own companies._
       | 
       | People like Paul Graham telling 14-year-olds that basically
       | getting rich is the most important thing is one of the reasons we
       | got into this late-stage capitalism nightmare in the first place.
       | Fuck this.
       | 
       | Edit: Sorry, to update after my rant. So many things wrong with
       | this advice. For most people, starting a company is not the best
       | path to happiness. Sure, if you have a job, there's a "boss" that
       | tells you what to do as Graham notes, but if you think for a
       | second you can do whatever the fuck you want when you start your
       | own company, you're dead wrong. Of course, Graham knows this.
        
         | ericd wrote:
         | He's telling kids that they don't have to get a job, and one of
         | the key objections is obviously going to be "but how will I get
         | money". The emphasis in the essay is not getting rich, it's
         | that it's a much more interesting path. And it is.
        
           | scarface_74 wrote:
           | And then they hit the reality that thier startup is going to
           | fail, even if they get funding in a non zero interest rate
           | environment and they would have been better off just
           | "grinding leetCode and working for a FAANG" (tm
           | r/cscareerquestions) or even just working as a
           | CRUD/Enterprise Corp dev and still be able to make the median
           | household income in the US a couple of years out of school
        
             | ericd wrote:
             | They might have been better off financially -
             | statistically, they probably would've been. But even my
             | failed startups were more rewarding experiences _by far_
             | than working in large companies.
             | 
             | And it doesn't preclude you from going and getting paid too
             | much at a big tech co afterwards if it doesn't work. This
             | field has been so lucrative recently that you can generally
             | afford to not be earning at peak potential for a bit, so
             | why not roam free for at least a bit, and let your interest
             | take you where it will, rather than doing something you
             | describe as a grind, just to earn the privilege to go sit
             | in meetings for most of the day and count the years till
             | you can afford retirement?
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | I bet you had parents or some other financial nest egg to
               | fall back on to support your addiction to food and
               | shelter.
               | 
               | Yes most people would rather not work to support those
               | addictions I mentioned. But that's what most people have
               | to do.
        
               | ericd wrote:
               | Yes, I am blessed to have wonderful parents who would let
               | me move back in. Fortunately, I only got to the "crashing
               | on friends' couches and at my girlfriend/now wife's
               | place" phase. Great way to tell if someone's worth
               | marrying, by the way, partly moving in while appearing to
               | have slim financial prospects.
               | 
               | Obviously it's not right for everyone, nothing is. But
               | it's right for more people than the number who do it, and
               | it's worth letting the others know it's an option. A
               | similar talk by PG at my university is why I realized
               | that this was a realistic option, and I'm incredibly
               | grateful he gave it.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | So the secret of being able to fail at a startup is being
               | able to sponge off of other people who do have jobs at
               | the types of companies you want to avoid working for?
        
               | ericd wrote:
               | Well, I didn't fail in that case, the company started
               | making money, and they were repaid handsomely. But yeah,
               | having a familial, social, or financial safety net is
               | pretty important. If you never want to have to depend on
               | anyone, or can't for whatever reason, then sure, play it
               | safe. Sounds like you'd judge yourself harshly for taking
               | this sort of risk.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | You just admitted that in no case whether you succeeded
               | or failed were you in any danger of being homeless and
               | hungry because you were being supported by people who
               | were willing to "grind it out" in corporate America.
               | 
               | You were never not "safe"
        
           | rabbits77 wrote:
           | When Paul Graham is saying this is a talk he gives to 14 and
           | 15 year olds, let's think of who those kids are exactly.
           | There is zero chance he is giving this advice to a general
           | audience at some arbitrary high school, much less students
           | from even a modestly disadvantaged background. People at
           | those places don't know or, even if they did know, wouldn't
           | care who Paul Graham is. No, he's at the school his kids go
           | to. The students are all in the same affluent circles as he
           | is.
           | 
           | This is a pep talk for trust fund kids who can afford to mess
           | around with start ups. It's probably lousy advice for most
           | people outside the affluenza bubble.
        
         | CPLX wrote:
         | It's even worse than that. Not only is he saying that, he's
         | parroting the bullshit idea that "starting your own company" is
         | the relevant skillset, rather than "absolutely ruthlessly
         | exploiting every moral and legal grey area to hoard as much
         | value for yourself as possible with extreme urgency."
         | 
         | But I mean this is the guy that foisted Sam Altman onto the
         | world, so clearly he already knows that. Which makes an article
         | like this understandable as the propaganda that it is.
         | 
         | You don't write an article like this to influence kids, you
         | write it to rationalize the giant pile of money you find
         | yourself sitting on.
        
         | noufalibrahim wrote:
         | I think you're being overly harsh.
         | 
         | 14 year old need good role models (preferably from their
         | trusted social circles). These people should, ideally before
         | the child turns 14, give him or her a strong moral framework to
         | judge advice that they might come across.
         | 
         | On the topic of being rich (which can be a good goal if pursued
         | along with a strong moral compass), it's much better to take
         | advice from a Paul Graham rather from some grifter selling
         | courses on "how to be a rich as me" on the net.
        
           | scarface_74 wrote:
           | So in that case he might as well show lottery winners as good
           | role models.
           | 
           | He could tell the truth instead about how most startups fail
           | miserably and the founders see nothing.
           | 
           | Not to mention that the only way this works is if you have
           | parents as a financial back stop.
        
             | noufalibrahim wrote:
             | Yes. I think this is genuinely under emphasised. However,
             | when one's risk tolerance is high, there's a lot to be
             | gained from even a failed startup. There's not much to be
             | gained from repeatedly buying and losing at the lottery.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Knowing that worse case you get to go back home to live
               | with mom and dad or ask them for money is not having a
               | "high risk tolerance"
        
               | noufalibrahim wrote:
               | It is in a way. I couldn't jump into the startup world
               | because I had financial commitments that necessitated an
               | income. Several of my friends who didn't have that burden
               | started companies.
        
         | random3 wrote:
         | Genuinely curious to understand your line of reasoning.
         | 
         | - Concretly what's the late-stage capitalism nightmare? How do
         | you define it and what do you compare it against?
         | 
         | - What do you define what PG is concretely telling kids and how
         | that's related to what you describe as capitalism nightmare.
         | 
         | Finally, would you care to share some examples of better
         | scenarios that could inspire advice for 14-year olds?
        
         | ToValueFunfetti wrote:
         | He said "more exciting" at the beginning of your quote. And if
         | the 14-year-olds somehow don't already want to be rich, how is
         | Paul Graham telling them how to do it going to teach them that
         | it is the most important thing?
        
           | JR1427 wrote:
           | If people often give advice about how to do a certain thing,
           | pretty soon you are going to think that the thing is
           | important.
        
             | ToValueFunfetti wrote:
             | Many people seem to survive 7 hours of advice on how to
             | write properly, solve math problems, and understand history
             | and science for 175 days a year over 12 of their most
             | impressionable years without thinking any of those things
             | are important. That doesn't give me a lot of cause for
             | alarm over a 15 minute Paul Graham talk
        
               | surgical_fire wrote:
               | It's still good to call out bullshit when you see it.
        
         | fakedang wrote:
         | Exactly.
         | 
         | >In fact, this is the standard way to get really rich.
         | 
         | No. The standard way of getting "rich" is to get into a good
         | career that pays a lot. Before Silicon Valley, people got
         | "rich" by working at Wall Street, law or Congress. Getting rich
         | through business is a lottery.
         | 
         | I would have attributed this article from Graham to relative
         | inexperience had he written this early on, say in the 2000s.
         | But him writing this now is just bad-faith preaching intended
         | to give VCs another lottery ticket with a very low success
         | probability of forming a unicorn.
         | 
         | And for the record, 14 and 15 year olds, the best way to get
         | rich is still Wall Street, Congress or law.
        
           | rmah wrote:
           | _> The standard way of getting  "rich" is to get into a good
           | career that_
           | 
           |  _> pays a lot. Before Silicon Valley, people got  "rich" by
           | working at_
           | 
           |  _> Wall Street, law or Congress_
           | 
           | I'm afraid this isn't really true. Through most of the
           | industrial revolution and after (i.e. after the early
           | 1800's), professionals (lawyers, bankers, accountants,
           | doctors, etc.) made a smaller multiple of unskilled labor
           | wages than they do today. In America at least, _the_ way to
           | get  "rich" has always been to start your own business.
           | 
           | This was true in the 1800's and it's true today. There have
           | been repeated waves of change as new technologies spread:
           | textile mills, cotton production, mining, railroads, telecom,
           | electricity, appliances, automobiles, department stores,
           | advertising, aviation, broadcasting, computing, etc, etc.
           | Each wave of innovation saw the creation of thousands of new
           | businesses. Sure most eventually fail, but hundreds did
           | pretty well and a handful got insanely wealthy.
           | 
           | American culture and laws (usually) rewards this sort of
           | risky behavior. One can debate whether it's, moral, just, or
           | good for society. But generally speaking, not much has
           | changed wrt this facet of our culture over the last 200
           | years.
        
             | fakedang wrote:
             | How many businesses succeed enough to make you millions?
             | Most businesses are loss making entities, still more are
             | just subsistence businesses. The ones which make you "rich"
             | will still only make you worth a few millions, not what
             | Paul Graham is referring to as "rich". You could get that
             | same level of "rich" by working in Big Tech in a cushiony
             | job, Wall Street, law or Congress (lobbyist or
             | Congressman). Getting to what PG calls rich is just a
             | lottery game in the big picture of things.
             | 
             | I've started one of the "small rich" businesses before, and
             | made a few millions out of it when I was too young. Those
             | millions enabled me to make certain bets that, though
             | risky, would still have a huge upside. That huge upside
             | allowed me to make very good money, the kind of "rich" that
             | PG actually means, without the risk that comes with
             | starting up a business that your VCs want to push to
             | unicorn status. That's basically what most sensible rich
             | folks in America have done, even the ones that you
             | celebrate in your comment. And yet they'll all send their
             | kids to Harvard and Stanford to attend MBAs and grad school
             | because they don't want to put their kid's futures to the
             | whims of a lottery.
             | 
             | "Making your first million is the hardest, so start with a
             | second million." - Arnold Schwarzenegger
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | > People like Paul Graham telling 14-year-olds that basically
         | getting rich is the most important thing is one of the reasons
         | we got into this late-stage capitalism nightmare in the first
         | place.
         | 
         | I don't think that's a fair summary of the article. Yes, he
         | says you can get rich. But he also says, and says _first_ ,
         | that it's less annoying and more fun (and also more actual
         | work).
         | 
         | Then for the rest of the article, he doesn't harp on "you can
         | get rich". He talks about getting good at some technology, and
         | doing projects because they're interesting, and finding other
         | people to do things with.
        
         | anonzzzies wrote:
         | > but if you think for a second you can do whatever the fuck
         | you want when you start your own company
         | 
         | I know too many people born rich who think exactly this. And in
         | their experience it works like that; they have no money stress
         | anyway, take a little bit more risk and if it fails, well, they
         | just fold and brag about 'at least I tried' and then try again
         | or, you know, sit on the boat and get slobbered. Same thing.
         | The rest of us don't quite have this and especially
         | bootstrapping your own company is hard, really hard; you will
         | be doing a great deal of things that have nothing to do with
         | what you want or set out to do and those probably turn out to
         | be more important than what you started it for.
        
       | elwell wrote:
       | > But the more arbitrary a test, the more it becomes a test of
       | mere determination and resourcefulness.
       | 
       | So Leetcode is actually a good way to hire?
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | Sure, if your company is as prestigious as Stanford or MIT.
        
         | prisenco wrote:
         | Leetcode style interviews were always a reasonable option for a
         | particular type of company. But they became a trend for
         | companies that weren't a good fit.
        
         | DonsDiscountGas wrote:
         | Sadly, yes, at least for a certain type of job. Probably not
         | the best, but considering the effort involved on the part of
         | the employer (ie very little) combined with the result, it's
         | pretty good. Anything better requires a ton more effort (work
         | trials) and/or doesn't scale well (personal referrals).
        
         | zen928 wrote:
         | If you consider that >10 years ago there were blog posts
         | talking about how hard the "FizzBuzz" question was to implement
         | when asked in-person as a way to demonstrate how you approach
         | solving problems, there's definitely a reasonable assertion
         | that these types of interviewing methods help weed out
         | applicants unable to write basic compound statements. Might not
         | be the best way as a single pass/fail criterion though.
        
       | vouaobrasil wrote:
       | >It's more exciting to work on your own project than someone
       | else's. And you can also get a lot richer. In fact, this is the
       | standard way to get really rich.
       | 
       | > You might have thought I was joking when I said I was going to
       | tell you how to start Google. You might be thinking "How could we
       | start Google?" But that's effectively what the people who did
       | start Google were thinking before they started it.
       | 
       | We shouldn't be telling young people to start companies like
       | Google or to aim for being really rich in the first place. We
       | should be teaching children how to be more sustainable. Companies
       | like Google are a net harm to society and the really rich like
       | Sergey Brin and Larry Page are parasites, promoting the
       | unsustainable ruthless capitalism that has caused the immense
       | climactic problems of the world today.
        
         | nfin wrote:
         | - I agree that we shouldn't tell young people to aim for
         | companies like Google / aim to get really really rich
         | 
         | - I agree that we should tell young children to aim for
         | sustainable companies
         | 
         | - I at least partially disagree with warning against the
         | unsustainable ruthless capitalism in case your sustainable
         | ideas do get really big. Some companies would get really really
         | big, and I would prefer to see those reaching there to be those
         | who had a (comparatively) caring mind (the others would not
         | listen anyway)
         | 
         | - but I would agree to explain young children that what and
         | where they buy does impact climatic problems. And that
         | supporting small-medium sized companies (or creating one) is
         | the most beneficial for our future
        
       | suyash wrote:
       | Ok, so I am having a hard time buying the idea that just make a
       | fun project if you want to create a something like 'Google'.
       | Startup 101 teaches us that you need to solve a painful problem
       | that lot of people have, that is the best way to create 'Google',
       | so isn't the advise contradictory?
        
         | tomhoward wrote:
         | His advice is:
         | 
         | - Work on a personal project that is motivating to you
         | (obviously you won't work on it if it's not motivating to you)
         | 
         | - It's a good sign if the project you're motivated to work on
         | solves a problem that you and your friends care a lot about,
         | because there's a good chance many more people will also want
         | that problem solved and will buy/use your product.
         | 
         | Sure, plenty of big companies were started via different paths,
         | but not many were founded by kids barely out of high school.
        
           | suyash wrote:
           | I didn't see the 2nd point but yes overall this clarifies.
        
           | daveguy wrote:
           | > Sure, plenty of big companies were started via different
           | paths, but not many were founded by kids barely out of high
           | school.
           | 
           | And neither was Google. Sergey Brin and Larry Page both hold
           | masters degrees in Computer Science from Stanford.
        
             | tomhoward wrote:
             | He's giving advice to school kids on what to do during
             | their remaining school years or early college years.
        
               | tomhoward wrote:
               | Also, Larry was 23 when PageRank was first published -
               | that's not much older than "barely out of high school",
               | even if we have to be so literal about everything :)
        
               | makerdiety wrote:
               | As long as Paul Graham doesn't tell the truth that most
               | if not all school kids won't ever make the next Google,
               | then I'm okay with influencers (like Paul Graham, for
               | instance) lying about the possibility of enormous
               | opportunities being available to people.
        
               | daveguy wrote:
               | Yes. I was reinforcing your point. Not even the example
               | he uses is directly applicable to the audience. Just out
               | of highschool and 6 years in one of the most rigorous CS
               | programs are _very_ different.
        
         | lordswork wrote:
         | I don't think there is a contradiction. The argument is that
         | building fun projects helps you gain expertise to the point
         | where you can more easily recognize painful problems to solve.
        
         | etothepii wrote:
         | This advice is for 14/15 year olds. I think the advice would be
         | different for 22-year-olds. It would be different still for
         | 35-year-olds.
         | 
         | 22-year-olds have a hard time selling to enterprises, 14-year-
         | olds will find it impossible. Whereas if they build something
         | cool that they and their friends love they will gain many of
         | the skills that might be useful later on.
         | 
         | PG has made the point many times that the superpower 22-year-
         | olds have is that they can live on ramen and work 16 hours a
         | day. The superpower that 14-year-olds have is that (in many
         | cases) they don't even need to find the $1,000 a month to
         | survive.
        
         | mindwok wrote:
         | I think the message is more about not getting caught up in
         | external sources of what to build. Basically, don't follow the
         | hype, follow your nose.
        
       | benzible wrote:
       | > So Mark Zuckerberg shows up at Harvard in 2003, and the
       | university still hasn't gotten the facebook online. [...] But
       | Mark is a programmer. He looks at this situation and thinks
       | "Well, this is stupid. I could write a program to fix this in one
       | night. Just let people upload their own photos and then combine
       | the data into a new site for the whole university." So he does.
       | And almost literally overnight he has thousands of users.
       | 
       | Kinda, but this skips over the whole Facemash thing
       | https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2003/11/19/facemash-creat...
        
         | lupire wrote:
         | You are too kind. It's a complete lie, or worse, utter BS
         | fabricated to back up the OP argument. Zuckerberg stole photos
         | (and the website name!) from the already existing online
         | facebook.
         | 
         | Facebook was actually based on something he was hired by
         | Winklevoss to create, and he decided to keep it for himself
         | instead of delivering it. That's the "naughtiness" that YC
         | seeks out in its Founder application process.
         | 
         | Note, by the way, in the recent "cancellation" of President
         | Gay, the false claim that behavior like this would get a
         | Harvard student expelled (although Zuck did end up "expelling"
         | himself.)
        
       | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
       | While I agree with a lot of the criticisms that have been posted
       | here (first and foremost that it is _exceedingly bad advice_ to
       | _take_ advice on being successful from someone who is like six
       | sigmas to the right of the curve on how their efforts were
       | rewarded - it 's like reading from Taylor Swift or Simone Biles
       | or Usain Bolt about "to succeed you just need hard work and to
       | believe!". As it's taken many, many years of therapy for me to
       | internalize, if you get the majority of your self-worth through
       | what you _do_ , you're gonna have a bad time...) I think it's
       | also a good idea to keep in mind the general HN guideline of
       | "Please respond to the strongest plausible interpretation of what
       | someone says."
       | 
       | In that sense, I _do_ strongly agree with the overall conclusion,
       | "That's it, just two things, build stuff and do well in school."
       | Building stuff for your own edification, and soaking up as much
       | knowledge and relationships while you're in school, is really
       | sound advice that works regardless of your end goal.
        
         | pavel_lishin wrote:
         | > _soaking up as much knowledge and relationships while you 're
         | in school_
         | 
         | A family friend was recently admitted to a magnet school - it's
         | not like an Ivy League level institution, but it's fairly
         | prestigious in the area, and not easy to get to. I need to make
         | sure to remind him that while it's good that he's feeling
         | academically challenged, he should also focus on building
         | friendships with people who are statistically likely (much as
         | he is, tbh) to be successful in life - they can help pull him
         | up when he's down, and he can do the same for them.
         | 
         | I didn't get _that_ much out of college, academically - but the
         | relationships I built there got me my first two jobs, and I
         | still treasure the friends I made there.
        
           | w10-1 wrote:
           | Aristotle said friendships were the best example of happiness
           | in life - not fame or success which rarely lead to happiness
           | or even social benefit. Friendship is the best example
           | because that's the only way to not only exercise your
           | curiosity and virtues, but do so in knowing concert with
           | people who understand and appreciate what you're doing, who
           | are entirely different beings. I would hope that even high-
           | achieving friendships can be built not on mutual utility but
           | on common interest and expression.
        
         | DonsDiscountGas wrote:
         | > I think it's also a good idea to keep in mind the general HN
         | guideline of "Please respond to the strongest plausible
         | interpretation of what someone says."
         | 
         | "strongest" is highly subjective. I also don't think we should
         | make things up and pretend the other person said them, which is
         | much more commonly used to strawman, but steelmanning involves
         | the same process.
        
           | kdfjgbdfkjgb wrote:
           | you can steelman and still be explicit that you're
           | steelmanning and how you're interpreting what you think they
           | meant
        
         | eloisant wrote:
         | Also "the standard way to get rich"... It's much easier to get
         | rich by getting hired at a FAANG than starting your own
         | company.
         | 
         | You only get rich by starting your own company if you win the
         | startup lottery. Otherwise you're better off getting a high
         | paid job.
        
           | jjackson5324 wrote:
           | That depends entirely on your definition of rich.
           | 
           | PG's definition of rich is probably 100x what yours is.
        
           | joshuahutt wrote:
           | There are very different definitions of "rich."
           | 
           | Take the old comparison between Gates and Jordan. "If Jordan
           | saves 100% of his income for the next 450 years, he'll still
           | have less than Bill Gates has today."
           | 
           | You can become wealthy and comfortable working for a salary.
           | But, the canonical way to get "FU money" is to win the
           | lottery.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | It's all about managing yourself and expectations.
             | 
             | Can a janitor save enough money to rival Gates? No. Not
             | even close.
             | 
             | But the same janitor could save enough money to have "FU
             | money" later in life, and only continue working as a
             | janitor if he chose to do so.
        
               | beedeebeedee wrote:
               | > But the same janitor could save enough money to have
               | "FU money" later in life, and only continue working as a
               | janitor if he chose to do so.
               | 
               | That is exceedingly doubtful
        
               | brigadier132 wrote:
               | I agree, and the reason is housing. If housing in this
               | country wasn't fucked up I think it would be possible. As
               | of now, to do this as a janitor you would need to live
               | with roommates or family. You would also need to avoid
               | smoking, alcohol, gambling, and any other money sinks.
               | Then you would need to invest all your savings for years.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Housing cost is the single defining factor in
               | retirability now and if you're a janitor, you seriously
               | need to consider where you are living, because moving
               | from a VHCOL state to a lower one could be all you need.
               | 
               | Sure the pay is lower, but the housing costs are
               | substantially lower.
        
       | FrustratedMonky wrote:
       | Survivor Bias anyone?
       | 
       | Bill Gates, Zuck, Jobs, etc....
       | 
       | Students should quit school. -> (?) -> profit
        
         | ponector wrote:
         | Yes, one should choose rich parents to start with.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | Steve Jobs biological parents were rich, but he didn't get
           | their money. They did choose good parents for him, though.
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs
        
       | Scubabear68 wrote:
       | This essay glosses over the fact that most startups die a
       | horrible death and earn little to no money for the founders.
       | 
       | Somewhere in this essay it needs to say "99% of you who try this
       | will fail".
        
         | verelo wrote:
         | if i had a 1 in 100 shot of becoming google I'd just do it 100
         | times. I'm pretty sure its more like 99.99999%
        
           | jamil7 wrote:
           | That's... not how that works.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Even if you can "try to be Google" once a year you'll still
             | be over 80 on average when you hit ...
        
               | verelo wrote:
               | ^^ this. As I've said to others, the math lines up
               | looking promising, but now adjust for available time. It
               | looks very different.
        
           | evrimoztamur wrote:
           | It's closer to 63% (binomial distribution of 1% chance with
           | 100 trials, P(X>=1) is 63.4%).
        
             | mahogany wrote:
             | Fun fact, this converges quickly to 1-1/e ~ 0.632.
             | 
             | If you had a 1 in a million chance of winning something and
             | you tried a million times, the chance of winning once is
             | about 63.2%, not much different from when n=100.
        
           | lnxg33k1 wrote:
           | I always wondered why people would ask to analyse the chances
           | of a coinflip during logical interviews, according to you,
           | after 2 flips you have both result happening? Its not like
           | that, if you have 1 in 100 chances of making it, each time
           | you re try you have a 1 in 100 chances
        
             | Keyframe wrote:
             | right, parent probably isn't aware of complement rule.
             | Sibling comment properly calculated 63.4% probability of at
             | least one success in 100 trials where each has 1% of
             | success.
        
           | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
           | I think each earnest attempt would probably occupy about 3
           | years of your lifespan, so you probably can try at most 20
           | times. If these are independent, then it's still an 82%
           | chance of failure. But successive attempts after repeated
           | failures might also make it harder to attract confidence from
           | investors, not to mention loss of your own self-confidence.
           | And if you finally succeed in founding Google when you're 80,
           | you might find that you don't have that much use for the
           | money anymore, nor much interest in running Google.
        
             | kelnos wrote:
             | Conversely, repeated failures can give you the experience
             | needed to increase the odds that your next attempt could be
             | successful.
        
               | iamleppert wrote:
               | Ask anyone who has ever failed at a startup before, how
               | easy it is to get funding again. VC's would rather take a
               | chance on someone they don't know vs. rip open old
               | emotional bags with a failed founder.
        
               | verelo wrote:
               | As someone thats on startup #7 and is ~37 years old I can
               | attest to this: I have had 5 flat out failures, 1 break
               | even experience and 1 life changing experience (I don't
               | own a private jet unfortunately). I'm fucking tired. I
               | really hope theres something huge in the future, but the
               | reality is I struggle to believe I have enough left in me
               | to finish this one, let alone more.
               | 
               | Also, I'm just more interested in family and enjoying the
               | mobility of the youth I have left, much more than chasing
               | down unlimited resources.
        
           | teucris wrote:
           | Apart from the math being off there, who do you know who has
           | the time and resources to try and start 100 startups? Most
           | people barely have the time and resources for 1.
        
             | verelo wrote:
             | Yeah so i didn't put it well, but that was literally my
             | point. Feels very "developer brain" of us to say "thats
             | technically possible, heres the math and you're thinking
             | about it wrong" and not consider the human aspect.
        
           | rmah wrote:
           | You're mixing up percent that succeed (a statistic) with
           | percent chance of success (a probability). IOW, the fact that
           | 1% of businesses succeed does not mean that a particular
           | business has a 1% chance of success. The reason is that
           | business success is not a function of pure random chance
           | (like a die roll). Sure there are random factors but there
           | are also non-random factors (which, IMO, dominate). The
           | problem is that there is no way to determine what your
           | business's chance of success actually is.
        
           | takinola wrote:
           | The thing is you don't start with a 1:100 shot of becoming
           | Google. You, hopefully, level up each shot you get. Your
           | first shot, you'll probably make something no one wants. The
           | second time, you can't figure out how to get anyone to pay
           | attention to you. The third time, you can't get enough people
           | to hand over their cash for it. The fourth time...
           | 
           | Each time, you learn and get better, your odds go up. Now the
           | real question is whether your odds are going from 1:1000 to
           | 1:100 or from 1:100 to 10:100?
        
         | jvanderbot wrote:
         | I wonder, over the course of a career in startups, what is the
         | probability that you'll either found or be an early employee at
         | one that makes up (financially) for the rest? Not hugely rich,
         | but better than "normal" career.
         | 
         | Given it's a repeated game, and you gain knowledge at each
         | round, I'd say the odds are probably pretty good that the
         | highly dynamic / fast learning environment of early companies
         | yields returns over a lifetime.
        
           | candiodari wrote:
           | Well you can calculate that somewhat, right. If you're
           | "top-1%" in skill, enough to get hired at Google (even if you
           | did it for the badge), then did you or did you not start a
           | business?
           | 
           | Google: 180,000 employees. Let's say including ex-employees
           | 250,000
           | 
           | These started 1,200 companies, according to the only source I
           | could find. These collectively apparently made their founders
           | ~20 billion. Let's say (heh) that it's a power law, let's say
           | the top 10 got 1 billion each.
           | 
           | So we're talking the odds for an "average" software engineer
           | to get to 1 billion is about 0.1% * 10/180000 = 0.000005556%,
           | or about 1 in 18 million.
           | 
           | Odds for a current or ex-Google engineer: 1 in 18,000.
        
             | jvanderbot wrote:
             | This calculates the odds an ex-googler makes a billion
             | dollars. That's not really what I asked, but is a good
             | Fermi question nonetheless!
        
             | gizmo wrote:
             | The number of billionaires yc has produced in 4000 or so
             | startups (with many future billionaires in the pipeline)
             | suggests your numbers are off by, what, 100x? If we assume
             | that a Google Engineer is as qualified as a yc founder,
             | which isn't quite true but still.
        
           | kevindamm wrote:
           | The challenge here is not simply being in the right startup
           | but having the right combination of startup founders (&
           | contributors) for that particular idea at that particular
           | time. Now, it's not like there's only one great fit for each
           | role, but it's far from rolling a d100 too.
        
         | Kranar wrote:
         | I agree most startups fail, but no they don't die a horrible
         | death nor do the majority of them earn no money for their
         | founders. Many founders could have made _more_ money through
         | traditional employment, but you 'll find very few startup
         | founders are actually poor or become poor due to a startup.
         | 
         | There is an opportunity cost to starting your own company, but
         | it's not some kind of horrible experience that will drive you
         | to bankruptcy unless you're part of the 1% who manages a
         | spectacular exit.
        
         | eddieroger wrote:
         | I was sad to search for the word "luck" and come up empty. You
         | can do everything right and still fail. You can do everything
         | wrong and win. Sometimes you're just in the right place at the
         | right time, and that external factor is completely out of your
         | control and can be the difference you need.
        
           | duggan wrote:
           | I don't disagree that luck is a factor, but what can you do
           | with that information other than console yourself when it
           | doesn't work out?
        
             | dingnuts wrote:
             | use the knowledge that your plans may not succeed despite
             | your best efforts to set expectations so that you are not
             | emotionally devastated if this happens, and so that you are
             | prepared in other ways as well.
             | 
             | take the shot, but have a back-up plan, basically.
        
             | teucris wrote:
             | Learn how to manage bets. Some people have the resources to
             | fail many times and keep going. Others do not. Knowing that
             | a huge portion of starting a business is luck, you can
             | better weigh your options and hopefully select different
             | opportunities depending on your situation.
             | 
             | And, in the unfortunately common case, recognize when you
             | cannot take any bets and instead focus on getting yourself
             | to a place where you can, rather than betting everything
             | and losing everything.
        
             | j7ake wrote:
             | Not over leverage yourself such that if you fail you would
             | be unable to recover.
        
             | kelnos wrote:
             | You can decide not to do it in the first place.
             | 
             | A 15-year-old hearing this talk from Graham as-is might
             | take from it, "wow, if I learn programming, work on things
             | that interest me, do well in school, and go to a good
             | university, I'm guaranteed to build a Google-scale
             | successful startup!"
             | 
             | Telling that kid that there's also a component of luck
             | involved, and that the vast majority of startups fail,
             | would temper that enthusiasm in a much more honest way. If
             | that means fewer kids decide to start companies, that's
             | obviously a negative in Graham's book, but may not be a
             | negative for those kids themselves.
        
               | nezaj wrote:
               | I think it's a jump to assume the kid will believe there
               | is a _guarantee_
               | 
               | If the kid is motivated from this essay to learn
               | programming, work on things that interest them, do well
               | in school, and go to a good university -- I think they're
               | well setup for success in their life.
        
               | psnehanshu wrote:
               | But not if you put "starting the next Google" as the
               | criteria for success.
        
             | bananapub wrote:
             | you can do a lot!
             | 
             | - discount the useless advice you get from people who got
             | lucky and are unaware of this fact
             | 
             | - target trying to be in the right place at the right time
             | and have a plan B if you don't get lucky, rather than
             | waking up at 0400 every day to eat raw eggs or whatever
             | 
             | - respect yourself and your employees more
             | 
             | - be more generous with what luck brings you
             | 
             | etc etc etc
             | 
             | a much better question is why do YC and co not talk about
             | luck and connections more? why do they pretend it's all
             | some imaginary meritocracy rather than hugely dependent on
             | going to the right school / being born into the right
             | social class, and then hugely advantaged by having YC's
             | name recognition and tame lendors attached?
        
             | duggan wrote:
             | Just to follow up, we're discussing advice to young
             | teenagers here.
             | 
             | I think it's reasonable to inspire more than hedge. They'll
             | presumably already hear lots about what the least risky
             | things to do are from many, many sources -- that's the
             | default.
        
           | brigadier132 wrote:
           | It's luck in the same way that poker is luck.
        
             | palata wrote:
             | Do you not know poker at all?
        
               | brigadier132 wrote:
               | Yes, ive played professionally. To be charitable I'll
               | explain it to you. In poker you play a massive number of
               | hands and if you are good you play a preplanned strategy
               | and sometimes when following that strategy you lose but
               | over the long run, assuming you are playing a winning
               | strategy, you make money.
               | 
               | The luck is seen in the short term fluctuations but over
               | the long run when executing your strategy there is no
               | luck.
               | 
               | This requires proper bankroll management among other
               | things.
               | 
               | Also starting a business is easier than poker, poker is
               | zero sum (more often negative sum due to rake).
               | 
               | Business is positive sum. What this means is people will
               | gladly hand you money if your product generates more
               | value for them than holding that money does. In poker,
               | every single hand is like a fist fight because there is
               | always a loser in every hand.
        
               | rrdharan wrote:
               | In this analogy, the VCs are playing poker. The hands (or
               | the cards dealt to the VC player in that hand) are
               | individual startups.
               | 
               | Yes you can win if you are a VC. Less clear what to do if
               | you're just a card.
        
               | brigadier132 wrote:
               | Founders can take multiple shots too. Everyone is playing
               | poker to an extent. VCs are playing cash games and
               | founders are playing tournaments.
        
               | takinola wrote:
               | Poker is actually a good analogy. It is luck in the short
               | term but skill over the long term. You can't confidently
               | predict that you will win any specific upcoming hand but,
               | given a particular set of opponents, you can reasonably
               | predict whether you will be up or down over a number of
               | hands. I may beat Chris Moneymaker on a hand or two but
               | he's going to take all my money over the long haul.
               | 
               | The insight here is to only play in games that you have
               | the advantage (or are at least evenly matched) and be
               | very, very careful not to put yourself in a position to
               | go bust on any one hand.
        
               | waprin wrote:
               | I completely agree with the sentiment, and as someone
               | who's mostly focused on a startup for pro poker players
               | to study game theory more effectively
               | (https://www.livepokertheory.com) , I find countless
               | parallels between poker and entrepreneurship.
               | 
               | Also, people don't realize that startups aren't one
               | single event. There's a million events and each one has
               | its own luck. For example, you make a piece of content
               | marketing there's luck in whether it performs well, but
               | that luck can be managed and the risk spread across many
               | events by doing lots of small pieces of content
               | marketing.
               | 
               | I also wrote a blog post about how a popular psychology
               | book oriented towards poker pros (The Mental Game of
               | Poker) can be easily reframed for entrepreneurs:
               | 
               | https://writing.billprin.com/p/the-mental-game-of-
               | entreprene...
               | 
               | With all that said, it's highly ironic you picked
               | Moneymaker as your example poker pro, since he's famous
               | in the poker world for being a very bad amateur player
               | who got extremely lucky at the perfect time . It's a bit
               | like talking about the importance of hard work and deep
               | technology skills for founders, and using Adam Neumann
               | and WeWork as your example of that.
        
             | timerol wrote:
             | The problem with this is that attempting a startup takes
             | 2-10 years, while a poker hand takes a few minutes. Poker
             | would be a lot more luck based if you only played 20 hands
             | and then stopped.
        
           | dade_ wrote:
           | "Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity." --
           | Seneca
        
             | fuzzfactor wrote:
             | Even if you build a system that has no reliance whatsoever
             | on the existence of good fortune, it can still be felled by
             | a run of bad fortune.
        
         | financltravsty wrote:
         | Maybe don't start a startup, because you do not have the
         | connections or resources necessary to make it successful. Same
         | with any other "speculative" venture: it's dominated by
         | insiders who know how to minimize risk to a point it no longer
         | becomes speculative.
         | 
         | Maybe start an actual, scaleable business that makes money.
         | It's not sexy, but it's within the realm of possibility to get
         | it off the ground yourself; and usually those within the gilded
         | class are not interested in such things.
         | 
         | If you're a regular schmuck, maybe take a page from the
         | countless immigrants in the U.S. that start various businesses
         | (trade, real estate, etc.) that make them enough money to allow
         | them to live like kings back in their home countries.
         | 
         | There's something to be said about the severe glaucoma of
         | understanding class in the U.S. Very few (notably the middle
         | class) are willing to internalize they're serfs, whose current
         | comfort is more a product of luck than anything more. It's a
         | precarious situation, and any notions of aspiring to "life
         | satisfaction" or other leisure-class values is just foolish, in
         | my opinion.
        
         | seanhunter wrote:
         | Agree but he doesn't do this because he makes money because
         | people try this. Like other vcs he doesn't really care if the
         | vast majority fail as long as he makes bank on a few who dont'
         | fail.
         | 
         | That's a prism it's really worth applying to all advice given
         | by VCs: What's the outcome for me if I fail vs what's the
         | outcome for them if I fail?
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | This article only mentions Stanford once, so here's some
       | additional information:
       | 
       | https://new.nsf.gov/news/origins-google
       | 
       | > "The National Science Foundation led the multi-agency Digital
       | Library Initiative (DLI) that, in 1994, made its first six
       | awards. One of those awards supported a Stanford University
       | project led by professors Hector Garcia-Molina and Terry
       | Winograd... Around the same time, one of the graduate students
       | funded under the NSF-supported DLI project at Stanford took an
       | interest in the Web as a "collection." The student was Larry
       | Page.... Page was soon joined by Sergey Brin, another Stanford
       | graduate student working on the DLI project. (Brin was supported
       | by an NSF Graduate Student Fellowship.)"
       | 
       | Under a rational and fair approach to patents, anything created
       | with taxpayer funds would be available to all American businesses
       | under a non-exclusive licensing program. However, in the 1980s,
       | Bayh-Dole was pushed through which allowed exclusive licensing of
       | those inventions to private parties. This is nothing but theft
       | from the taxpayer, the entity who funds the NSF, which funded
       | this research effort, which generated PageRank.
       | 
       | As a result, Google didn't face market competition for some time,
       | and was able to create a monopolistic situation, and as with all
       | monopolies, this resulted in the degradation of their product,
       | which is why, as everyone seems to agree, Google search results
       | are much worse today than they used to be.
       | 
       | [edit: contemplate the outcome if Brin & Page had instead
       | invented PageRank as Apple or Microsoft employees - would they
       | have been able to run off with the IP and found a company?]
        
         | DonsDiscountGas wrote:
         | The PageRank patent expired 5 years ago, and frankly a lot of
         | other search engines were copying the method a long time before
         | that. Search results have been deteriorating since "SEO" became
         | a thing.
        
           | photochemsyn wrote:
           | If PageRank had been available to all US companies who wanted
           | to build a search engine around it at the time of
           | publication, then we might have a half-dozen major search
           | engine-based companies right now, which would be a
           | competitive situation that would drive innovation (and
           | solution of the SEO problem), which is how free market
           | capitalism theory works IIRC.
           | 
           | Since universities are publicly funded by taxpayers, their
           | inventions should be thrown to the capitalist wolves who will
           | compete to provide the best implementation of the idea to the
           | consumers. If the corporations want to instead finance their
           | own research centers, then they'd own all the patents
           | outright - but it's cheaper to steal from the public.
        
       | taneq wrote:
       | I love the opening because the mission statement of my company
       | has always been "make sure taneq doesn't ever have to go back to
       | a real job". Don't get me wrong, at most points a 'real job'
       | would have been easier but easier wasn't the mission.
        
       | w10-1 wrote:
       | This is entirely fair in its goal and perspective.
       | 
       | It's not about starting Koch Industries or Disney.
       | 
       | It's not about some ideal world where connections and funding
       | don't matter.
       | 
       | It's about a kind of productive problem solving that creates
       | value for other people by solving problems they just accept as
       | friction in their lives.
       | 
       | It's insightful in focusing on how projects you love can end up
       | helping others.
       | 
       | But it's a little misleading in that people are listening not
       | because they are doing what they love, but because they want to
       | be successful - ideally to take what they love and turn it into
       | success - according to this plan.
       | 
       | Let's say each year 10,000 people would love to become
       | professional football players, 500 make it to the NFL, and 5
       | become household names - success stories.
       | 
       | There's no real accounting for the time wasted by the 9,500 doing
       | the extra required not out of enjoyment of the game but to become
       | successful (leaving aside any actual costs like TBI). It's at
       | least an exported cost. But it might have other downstream
       | effects, making someone less confident in their judgement, less
       | likely to engage in making a better world of whatever sort.
       | 
       | One of the Buddhist precepts is not to sell the wine of delusion
       | (in some translations). But it's also soul-killing to tell
       | someone how likely they are to fail; who says that at a wedding?
       | What benefit is that?
       | 
       | Paul Graham made a success of helping others be successful.
       | That's a really good model to consider: to do _and_ teach _and_
       | help. So I would take this as good teaching for teens.
        
         | ckozlowski wrote:
         | Fully agreed.
         | 
         | I was the first graduating class from one of the first public
         | high schools in the country with an IT magnet program.
         | 
         | I remember the program coordinator telling us and our parents
         | in a big presentation that we could be making $70-80k out of
         | high school. He was really selling it.
         | 
         | I was not making anywhere near that out of high school. =P
         | 
         | But I wasn't doing bad either. In fact, I'd had two jobs with
         | tech companies before I even graduated. I had a job lined up in
         | the engineering department of an OEM prior to receiving my high
         | school diploma. That same administrator was always encouraging
         | us, cheering us on with our various projects, helping where he
         | could.
         | 
         | I never thought for a moment I'd been mislead that my salary
         | wasn't that high or that I didn't make it "rich". Any kid who'd
         | sat through a school fundraiser presentation in middle school
         | knows that those awesome prizes of a computer or game console
         | or whatnot is just meant to hype you up. But you might be able
         | to land a CD player. (My age is showing here. =P )
         | 
         | I expect any 14-15yo he's talking to will get the gist. The
         | kids are not stupid. They get the pitch. And I think they
         | intrinsically know the odds too. Those 9,500 football players
         | are not all going to see it as a loss, even if they didn't
         | achieve their ultimate goal. People turn losses into wins and
         | salvage the good from a failed attempt all of the time.
         | 
         | My son is 3, and already has fun mashing computer parts
         | together and wanting to see how things work. I'm excited to see
         | if he wants to do this as well. Will I tell him "Dude, that guy
         | said I'd be making $90k and that was B.S." Nah. I'll give him
         | simple version of Paul's advice. Even if he doesn't go into
         | entrepreneurship, it'll set him up well if he follows it.
        
       | confoundcofound wrote:
       | It's so deflating to see both YC & PG focus their content almost
       | solely on the younger generations. As someone who came to tech
       | later in their mid-30s, it's not hard to feel like expired goods
       | when the "thought leaders" of tech are unabashedly gunning for
       | younger minds with little to no acknowledgement of those who may
       | want to start ventures during later stages of life.
       | 
       | The more I try to plug myself in, the more it seems like starting
       | a company at this age is borderline schizophrenic delusion.
        
         | mbgerring wrote:
         | Average age of successful startup founders is 35-45. YC likes
         | young founders because they're impressionable and exploitable.
        
           | autonomousErwin wrote:
           | That makes them sound a bit more predatory than the reality
           | of it but I get what you mean. When you're younger, by
           | definition, you've got more shots on goal, you don't have
           | other responsibilities (mortgage, kids, partners etc.) so you
           | can take more riskier decisions, and you more have to rely on
           | first principle thinking instead of experience (because you
           | don't have any).
           | 
           | Saying that, I would like to see the advice for higher age
           | ranges as I have a feeling more _successful_ startups tend to
           | be around there.
        
           | pylua wrote:
           | Can you elaborate on this -- or any evidence?
        
             | user_7832 wrote:
             | I think it's partially because of the nature of VCs (which
             | is partially why I'd never use a vc but rather bootstrap
             | and fail). If your parent organisation's goal is a 100x
             | return you don't mind 9/10 startups burning up in an
             | attempt.
             | 
             | YC in that sense is a full "all guns blazing" thing. It's
             | generally younger folks who don't mind eating ramen and
             | don't have to take care of a large family, and hence are
             | more likely to go into a startup full time. Combine these
             | two and I think you see what I mean.
             | 
             | Btw this isn't a new criticism of YC/VCs, it's something
             | that's been around for a while.
        
         | codingdave wrote:
         | Don't be deflated - it is not a negative statement on you. For
         | most people, going the startup route is bad advice. Older
         | people know that and take much more care to set up safety nets
         | for themselves before going into the VC world. I don't want to
         | go so far to say that YC & PC are exploiting the naivety of
         | youth... but they certainly know which demographics will
         | embrace the risk vs. which will not, and they speak
         | accordingly.
        
         | pylua wrote:
         | I had the same sort of reaction, even though I felt like the
         | article was not intending to invoke that.
         | 
         | Looking back, when I was the age in the article I was way too
         | insecure and nervous to be able to take this advice. Looking at
         | it now I think it is great and want to set my children up with
         | that way of thinking.
         | 
         | I am 34 and found the message inspiring.
        
       | advael wrote:
       | I know people mention that this advice smacks of survivorship
       | bias, and I think that's pretty obviously going to be a part of
       | any advice given about economic outcomes whose odds of working
       | out are perhaps a whole order of magnitude better than lottery
       | tickets
       | 
       | I think it's more important to note how talks like this use
       | "children" as an excuse to present a very sanitized version of
       | the history being discussed. I think a massively underappreciated
       | mechanism by which American culture distorts history is by its
       | very lax and sometimes supportive norms about fudging the truth
       | and sometimes even outright lying to children
        
         | kelnos wrote:
         | The biggest thing missing from this talk -- something that
         | would have been easy to include, even for a younger audience --
         | is that the majority of startups fail, and even many startups
         | that do well enough end up making their founders less money
         | than if they went to work for another company.
         | 
         | It feels irresponsible to tell kids how they can build the next
         | Google, without also telling them how likely it is they won't
         | succeed at it.
         | 
         | Granted, most people in their early 20s have very little to
         | lose, so a failed startup may not be much of a problem, outside
         | of the stress and emotional effects.
        
           | advael wrote:
           | I mean, like most advice from my generation and prior ones,
           | the notion that people in their 20s can't fuck up too badly
           | because they have little to lose applies considerably less
           | well to all but the fairly affluent people in their 20s
           | today. For many, taking risks means being gated out of the
           | financial system by bad credit, being behind in an
           | unforgiving job market, and possibly even destitution if they
           | don't have a safety net of some kind
           | 
           | To be clear, this was always true to some degree, but
           | inequality is higher, industries have more power and thus
           | workers have less, and safety nets that don't come from your
           | parents being well-off are weaker (and fewer people's parents
           | are well-off) than when I was a kid, and this has actually
           | been true for a few subsequent generations of kids
        
         | seanhunter wrote:
         | The best advice to give children is that they should be born to
         | rich, influential and well-connected parents. That will give
         | them a huge advantage in all walks of life including if they
         | want to start a startup. Larry and Sergei had the benefit of
         | rich, influential and well-connected parents, as did Peter
         | Thiel, Elon Musk, and Paul Graham himself.
        
         | lupire wrote:
         | Why do think this is an "American" thing?
         | 
         | The author is British, for one.
        
       | dekhn wrote:
       | Paul is fundamentally wrong with one thiing here: Larry knew
       | google was going to be huge from the beginning. His brother Carl
       | was already a multimillionare in tech and taught him everything
       | required to set up a future successful company. Larry made it
       | clear to me that he always planned Google to be a large cash-
       | generating cow to invest in long-term AGI and there were only a
       | few times at the beginning when he truly feared that wouldn't
       | happen.
        
         | zeroxfe wrote:
         | > Paul is fundamentally wrong with one thiing here: Larry knew
         | google was going to be huge from the beginning.
         | 
         | Nobody can know such a thing -- especially turning around a
         | billion-dollar business, a thing with a near-zero prior
         | probability. It's more reasonable to say that Larry had the
         | drive, the aptitude, and the resources to maximize his odds
         | (which would still be low.)
        
         | shubhamjain wrote:
         | Do you have any sources for this? If he knew it was going to be
         | this huge, why were they looking for an acquisition for north
         | of a million dollars? On AGI: are you referencing this clip?
         | [1] To me, it seems like an ordinary vision when you stretch
         | your imagination. He didn't have any realistic idea how Google
         | might achieve AGI, just something that could happen in the
         | future. And this was in 2000. Google, I imagine, was pretty
         | successful by then.
         | 
         | Larry Page's original ambition was to digitize books and
         | knowledge in the world [2].
         | 
         | > Page had always wanted to digitize books. Way back in 1996,
         | the student project that eventually became Google--a "crawler"
         | that would ingest documents and rank them for relevance against
         | a user's query--was actually conceived as part of an effort "to
         | develop the enabling technologies for a single, integrated and
         | universal digital library."
         | 
         | [1]:
         | https://twitter.com/jam3scampbell/status/1608270969763729415
         | 
         | [2]:
         | https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/04/the-t...
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | my source is larry himself- I used to work there and
           | volunteered at SciFoo, which he attended and I chatted with
           | him about it. The digital library is basically building a
           | corpus for training AGI.
           | 
           | His dad was a computer scientist and larry read a lot of AGI
           | sci fi as a kid, so it's not really that hard to extrapolate
           | 1980s technology to 2040s outcomes.
        
             | actionfromafar wrote:
             | It's only in hindsight that training with a huge corpus of
             | text is going to give AGI.
             | 
             | (Still not obvious if you ask me.)
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | I'm the same age as Larry and started working in machine
               | learning in the early 90s, and to me, it seemed pretty
               | obvious at the time that AGI would ultimately need a
               | large corpus of text (and video) to be useful. What's
               | kind of funny is the models I worked with at the time-
               | hidden markov models of (biological) text anticipated the
               | validity of this approach, although by design, they don't
               | work with long contexts.
        
             | jimkoen wrote:
             | His dad wasn't "just" a computer scientist, he was a
             | professor for computer science and artificial intelligence
             | at Michigan State. Sergey Brin's father was equally a
             | professor in mathematics at the University of Maryland.
             | 
             | > It's obvious in retrospect that this was a great idea for
             | a startup. It wasn't obvious at the time.
             | 
             | It may not have been obvious, but the decision was damn
             | well near as engineered with data as it could be. They also
             | were _insanely_ well connected through their and their
             | parents academic career. Both Sergey and Larry had obtained
             | their PhD prior to starting the company. I can also
             | remember reading that they obtained significant amounts of
             | funding through connections Larry's dad had into the
             | industry.
             | 
             | You can ignore the rest of my comment, what follows is just
             | my take.
             | 
             | Their success story is imo one of the most blatant examples
             | on how privilege really does give you a boost in life. I am
             | not arguing that anyone could have done it, but I do wonder
             | how the world would look like if we were all kids of
             | academics with a successful career, with a relatively safe,
             | secure and stable childhood home and a family background
             | that really incentivizes learning and academic success over
             | succumbing to the pressure of, you know, having an income
             | at some point.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | I don't think larry or sergey got their phd - larry got a
               | masters and I think sergey left before he got any degree.
               | 
               | Don't forget that Larry's older brother Carl went through
               | the whole VC process with egroups and gained extreme
               | experience with how to maximize his position in
               | negotiation.
               | 
               | But yes, I agree completely that kids of academics raised
               | in an environment that incentivzes learning is a reliable
               | way to transform the future.
        
               | jimkoen wrote:
               | So to correct my original statement: Both have a masters
               | degree and both were pursuing PhD's before they focused
               | on Google. But I consider them more than halfway there,
               | afaik both have published papers separate from the paper
               | that eventually lead to Google. This is taken from their
               | own testimonials from their paper [0]
               | 
               | The rest of my statement is true.
               | 
               | [0] http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/papers/google.pdf
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | The timing is a little muddled here - Scott Hassan (who,
               | interestingly enough, wrote most of the original code for
               | Google) founded eGroups with Carl Page in 1997, _after_
               | working on BackRub /Google. The two should be viewed as
               | parallel projects - Google actually started first, but
               | eGroups raised money first. It's true that Larry got
               | valuable experience through having his brother raise
               | capital first, but much of that also came from having
               | supportive angels like (Sun founder) Andy Bechtolsteim,
               | (Stanford professor and Granite Systems founder) David
               | Cheriton, (Junglee and Netscape exec) Ram Shriram, and
               | (Amazon founder) Jeff Bezos.
        
               | bronco21016 wrote:
               | > Their success story is imo one of the most blatant
               | examples on how privilege really does give you a boost in
               | life. I am not arguing that anyone could have done it,
               | but I do wonder how the world would look like if we were
               | all kids of academics with a successful career, with a
               | relatively safe, secure and stable childhood home and a
               | family background that really incentivizes learning and
               | academic success over succumbing to the pressure of, you
               | know, having an income at some point.
               | 
               | I recently read something that played out a thought
               | experiment about "imagine the world could only hold
               | 10,000 people". It may have been a comment somewhere on
               | HN honestly. The idea was that if the world could only
               | hold 10,000 people, there never would have been enough
               | division of basic duties for any one individual to dive
               | so deep that they could invent semi-conductors (insert
               | any modern tech really). I mean we likely wouldn't even
               | have mastered locomotion by now if that was the case.
               | 
               | Lets assume we're "all kids of academics with a
               | successful career, with a relatively safe, secure and
               | stable childhood home and a family background that really
               | incentivizes learning and academic success over
               | succumbing to the pressure of, you know, having an income
               | at some point." Most of us will still just be working on
               | the basic societal problems of producing food and taking
               | out the trash.
        
               | jimkoen wrote:
               | > I recently read something that played out a thought
               | experiment
               | 
               | With all due respect, the world isn't a thought
               | experiment and the dynamics of a system with 10.000
               | people is not comparable to that of 7 billion.
               | 
               | My argument was pointing at the fact that it may be
               | pointless to compare your own plans to success against
               | someone elses success story, when they had completely
               | different starting variables in life and people who
               | refuse to at least consider this are either trapped in
               | the Silicon Valley hustle culture or are, sorry,
               | completely ignorant, bordering on idiotic.
               | 
               | With that same logic ala "Not everyone can be X" I can
               | justify almost all of human suffering in the world. I
               | refuse to believe that you follow an ideology like this
               | if you're on this site, because if you did, you were
               | already rich by means of some criminal enterprise
               | exploiting humans far beyond what tech startups are
               | capable of.
               | 
               | This isn't some appeal to idk, introducing communism and
               | making everyone equal but this argument is as dumb as
               | making a healthy runner compete in the paralympics.
        
               | kla-s wrote:
               | It was on HN, this comment:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39746742
        
               | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
               | This is what all these blogs don't really mention and I
               | have seen this over and over and over again. You need a
               | fundamental place in society: really high up to attempt
               | to do any of this.
        
           | nostrademons wrote:
           | Also worked at Google in the 00s, and have spoken personally
           | with several people who worked on Google when it was still a
           | Stanford grad project.
           | 
           | To hear Larry tell it, his original idea for Google was to
           | download the whole web and throw away everything but the
           | links, and he was inspired by academic notions of citation
           | indexes. It wasn't specifically (or really at all, until
           | Google books came out) about books - that sounds like a cover
           | story to get grad student funding for his actual idea,
           | because you can't really go to a university and say "I want
           | to download the whole web and throw away everything but the
           | links" without telling them why or connecting it to some
           | plausibly useful idea.
           | 
           | The acquisition offer is often cited, but I don't think Larry
           | and Sergey were ever really serious about taking it. They
           | didn't, after all. But if you're living on a grad student
           | stipend (which was like $20k in the 90s), a million bucks is
           | a lot of money.
           | 
           | And they absolutely knew it would be big, they just didn't
           | know _how_ it would be big. It was quite popular within the
           | Stanford lab as well...it's interesting, looking through the
           | early CVS commits for Google, how much work was done by
           | people who ended up not actually becoming employees of Google
           | or having a major part in its story. I think the real genius
           | of Google was treating the web as an object that could be
           | studied and manipulated, and not as some amorphous thing you
           | were part of. That was exciting even if people didn't know
           | how it would be.
        
           | inerte wrote:
           | In the "Measure What Matters" book the author talks about
           | investing in Google in early 1999, and the founders were
           | indeed projecting billions of dollars in revenue, using ads.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | Digitizing all the books in he world was an is an essential
           | component of modern AI, a full two decades later.
           | 
           | I don't know what point you are trying to make.
           | 
           | Googles mission was always to know _everything_ for
           | _everyone_.
        
         | alexsereno wrote:
         | You know I remember hearing this way back in the early 2000s
         | but forgot about it, Carl is pretty low key, no Wikipedia / etc
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | I chatted with him several times. One thing I've noticed is
           | that Larry and Carl both have some behaviors that are
           | consistent with ... inflexible thinking ... that I recognize
           | in myself and have worked to correct.
           | 
           | Anyway ,we chatted about his latest company, which I can't
           | find now. The idea was this: industrial facilities often
           | return really noisy signals on the electrical supply lines,
           | and the electrical company has to do a lot of work to clean
           | it up (hey, I'm not an EE). Like, motors, etc, all severely
           | distort the waveform. So his company made and I guess sold a
           | product that you'd put at your electrical service panel that
           | "cleaned up" the signal before it went back to the power
           | company. In response, the company would give you cheaper
           | power prices.
           | 
           | I was reminded of this when Larry Page met with Donald Trump
           | early in the Trump administration and brought up one of his
           | favorite plans- to rebuild the US electrical grid around DC
           | distribution. He's truly made for another world.
        
       | ignoramous wrote:
       | (tls) mirror: https://archive.is/zCEbG
        
       | humbleferret wrote:
       | This essay isn't a step-by-step guide to building 'Google',
       | rather, a call for young people to consider entrepreneurship as a
       | fulfilling alternative to traditional careers.
       | 
       | To maximise their chances of success, Paul suggests:
       | 
       | 1. Become a builder: Gain expertise in technology or other fields
       | you're passionate about. (Does not have to just be coding,
       | either!)
       | 
       | 2. Start personal projects: Build things you and your friends
       | find useful. Paul suggests this is the fastest way to learn and
       | potentially discover startup ideas.
       | 
       | 3. Collaborate: Work on projects with like-minded people. This
       | fosters skill development and could lead to finding potential
       | cofounders.
       | 
       | I liked how Paul also emphasises the importance of good grades in
       | order to access top universities, where you'll find other bright
       | collaborators.
       | 
       | There are obviously many other paths, but if I wish I had this
       | advice at 14 or 15.
        
         | suyash wrote:
         | So, can we then say the title is 'click bait'?
        
           | omoikane wrote:
           | It might have been better if Paul Graham used one of the
           | companies founded by YCombinator instead, but that would be
           | less impressive to 14 to 15 year olds since those 4000 or so
           | startups are not quite Google-scale yet.
        
         | ckozlowski wrote:
         | This is the best take I've read yet.
         | 
         | I don't disagree with Paul's choice to focus on
         | entrepreneurship and getting rich here. If you're looking to
         | excite people, tell an exciting story. Captivate imagination.
         | No one gets pumped up (especially at that age) at the mediocre
         | story.
         | 
         | What I find great about his advice is that it is by no means
         | limited to entrepreneurship. Working on passion projects, doing
         | well in school, and learning how to build relationships is
         | valuable even if you're working for someone else.
         | 
         | There's a big space in tech jobs between the "grinding away at
         | code/help desk" and "startup bro" that I feel doesn't get
         | described enough. And that's one thing I'd tack on to Paul's
         | advice, notwithstanding the need to sell the message above.
         | That advice he espouses can also lead to being a really
         | standout contributor at a tech firm, and probably with a higher
         | rate of success than getting a startup to stick. One doesn't
         | have to form a startup to contribute ideas, and there's good
         | money to be made in that space.
         | 
         | I think your choice of wording above is important to call out:
         | The advice "maximizes" the chance of success; but it doesn't
         | guarantee it.
         | 
         | Overall, completely agreed. =)
        
           | humbleferret wrote:
           | > "I think your choice of wording above is important to call
           | out: The advice "maximizes" the chance of success; but it
           | doesn't guarantee it."
           | 
           | This is a great observation!
           | 
           | I agree that Paul is framing an inspiring narrative,
           | especially when targeting younger people. You're spot on,
           | suggesting that this advice sets people up for success in
           | general, whether they become entrepreneurs, standout
           | employees, or something else entirely.
           | 
           | We need more narratives about those successful 'in-between'
           | tech roles.
           | 
           | Paul's giving the ingredients for good outcomes, but the
           | recipe is up to the individual.
        
       | memset wrote:
       | I am baffled by the criticisms of this essay. I can't identify
       | any statements here which are false. We're on hacker news, which
       | is a site about programming and startups and capitalism. There
       | theoretically couldn't be a better audience.
       | 
       | I suppose the strongest criticism would be that pg's advice
       | outlines necessary conditions to start the next Google but are
       | not sufficient. Yes, the stuff you "make" needs to feel like a
       | fun project, but without the "...something people want" then your
       | company will not make you rich. As with any advice, there there
       | will always be exceptions ("do you really need a cofounder?") but
       | as far as "here is some advice to achieve x", where x is "create
       | a billion-dollar company" this isn't a bad start.
        
         | nkjnlknlk wrote:
         | It's misleading and poor advice to children. You see this issue
         | a lot in certain immigrant communities where the equivalent
         | "talk" might be: "How to become a Doctor [and be rich and
         | successful]". Becoming a doctor is orders of magnitudes more in
         | an individual's control but even _then_ we observe the plethora
         | of issues that occur.
        
       | alismayilov wrote:
       | I'm wondering if there is a research about which percentile of
       | these two groups became rich: People who started a company vs
       | People who worked for Tech companies.
        
         | tomhoward wrote:
         | Unless you're very early (and/or very lucky), you can't get
         | "rich" (i.e., can choose never to work again and can invest in
         | many other things) as an employee (though of course a highly-
         | paid employee can become very well off and comfortable).
         | 
         | Yes you need to be lucky to get super-rich as a founder too,
         | but you have a lot more control, i.e., you make the primary
         | decisions that determine whether the company will make good
         | products that people will use/buy.
        
           | sahila wrote:
           | While agreed the chances are still low, if you joined Tesla
           | or Nvidia in the last 10 years and especially before 2020,
           | you very well and likely are rich if you're still working at
           | either and kept all your stock.
           | 
           | Hell if you joined Facebook last year and got in when the
           | stock was around 100, your initial equity grant just 5x.
        
             | tomhoward wrote:
             | I edited the parenthesised part of the first sentence from
             | "and very lucky" to "and/or very lucky" to make allowances
             | for your objection. And sure, you can always point out
             | exceptions.
             | 
             | The real point is that it's misguided to try and compare
             | percentages of tech company employees with percentages of
             | founders; they're very different things.
             | 
             | Of course, out of all the founders of all the companies, a
             | relatively tiny percentage will be vastly rich. And out of
             | all the employees of all the tech companies, most will be
             | quite wealthy and comfortable, and a small percentage will
             | be vastly rich.
             | 
             | But that doesn't tell you anything about what is the most
             | reliable path for any given individual to get vastly rich;
             | it entirely depends on whether you're the kind of person
             | you are how well you can learn how to build successful
             | products and companies.
        
             | screye wrote:
             | You could have been investing in Nvidia the whole time.
             | 
             | Decision inertia means that employees often don't sell
             | vested stock, and end up being lucky. Similarly, external
             | investors aren't willing to put 30-50% of their networth
             | into one bet and therefore miss out on the kind of luck
             | that can set them up for life.
             | 
             | There is nothing that a lowly engineer at Tesla or Nvidia
             | knows, that can't be found out by an external investor.
             | They are operating in the same information landscape, but
             | different outcomes when they give into decision inertia.
             | 
             | It's not about joining Tesla or Nvidia early. It's about
             | betting on them.
        
               | logifail wrote:
               | > It's not about joining Tesla or Nvidia early. It's
               | about betting on them.
               | 
               | It's also possible to bet on Tesla/Nvidia and lose.
               | Badly.
        
             | candiodari wrote:
             | Tesla has a VERY bad reputation on that front, as does
             | SpaceX.
        
           | munificent wrote:
           | I live in Seattle. There are plenty of early Microsoft hires
           | around here who are "fuck you money" rich.
        
           | naniwaduni wrote:
           | How rich do you insist on being? The bar to "can choose never
           | to work again" is _surprisingly low_ , it just requires a
           | high savings rate which is _quite achievable_ in this line of
           | work.
        
             | tomhoward wrote:
             | In the context of this article we're talking about the
             | difference between the kind of rich you become from
             | founding a hugely successful ("unicorn?") tech company, vs
             | working hard for a salary for years and saving hard. It's
             | more a qualitative thing than a specific number of dollars
             | saved from a salary.
             | 
             | I'm well aware that the definition of rich can be very
             | different in other contexts. I'm talking about the context
             | of this article.
        
             | vundercind wrote:
             | "Never work again" money is crazy-high for younger folks
             | (like, not already close to qualifying for Medicare) in the
             | US, on account of the costs and financial risks of our
             | healthcare system.
             | 
             | Most of the FIRE bloggers who bother to account for this--
             | like MMM--have a (perhaps implicit) fallback plan of
             | returning to work somewhere with decent health insurance if
             | they or a family member becomes very sick, but that's quite
             | a gamble.
             | 
             | (Never mind that a bunch of those sorts _have jobs_ and
             | couldn't remain comfortably "retired" without them--god I
             | really hate that part of the blogosphere, "look it's so
             | easy you dumb idiot" but then you start reading between the
             | lines and realize how much of it's just a bit)
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > "Never work again" money is crazy-high for younger
               | folks (like, not already close to qualifying for
               | Medicare) in the US, on account of the costs and
               | financial risks of our healthcare system.
               | 
               | Exchange plans are fine enough, and like, they're not
               | that cheap, but they're also not that expensive either.
               | Depending on how much you make from investments on your
               | never have to work again horde, you may be able to
               | qualify for rate subsidies, and then it's even less
               | expensive. In my county, if I were 64 years old, assigned
               | male at birth, I'm looking at about $17,000/year for a
               | Blue Cross Bronze plan (less costly options available),
               | with $9,200 out of pocket max. Budgeting $26,000/year for
               | healthcare means less than $1 M should cover you for life
               | (assume 3% perpetual withdrawal rate). Rates are lower
               | for younger people, but budgeting based on current costs
               | for the oldest people should help the numbers work.
               | Double the budget if you have a spouse; do some math if
               | you have kids you need to cover until they become
               | independent. Definitely make sure you work until you have
               | earned Medicare eligibility, cause it'll be handy when
               | you reach that age.
               | 
               | Is $1-2 M crazy-high? Kind of, but depending on what your
               | annual withdrawal rate target was, maybe you can just say
               | if you've got enough to pull $100,000/year, you're good
               | on healthcare too. Hopefully most years you won't hit the
               | out of pocket max.
        
               | vundercind wrote:
               | > maybe you can just say if you've got enough to pull
               | $100,000/year, you're good on healthcare too.
               | 
               | You'll be exposed to tens of thousands in risk _per year_
               | on top of (low) tens of thousands in premiums per year
               | for a family Exchange plan. You'll be burning nearly half
               | of that (and spending all your free time trying to keep
               | hospitals and insurers taking even more) if one of you
               | gets cancer--or, if it's you who gets cancer, you better
               | hope someone else can handle that.
               | 
               | You also can't withdraw at as high a "safe rate" as
               | people planning for an ordinary retirement at ~65 do,
               | because your fund needs to last a lot longer despite
               | inflation and such. $2m isn't "retire at 35" (... or 45)
               | money. It might be "take a big gamble and _maybe_ get
               | lucky... for a while" money. Or semi-retire money.
               | 
               | [edit] at constant 2% inflation (ha!) you need a _very
               | safe_ source of consistent (not average!) 6% returns to
               | retire with 80,000 /yr income on $2m, without eating into
               | principal. Anything goes wrong ("whoops, 'safe' wasn't as
               | safe as I thought!" or "whoops, we had a year of 7%
               | inflation and my investments didn't benefit from that!")
               | and you can find yourself burning principal _while your
               | account value is already down_. It won't take a lot of
               | that before $80k is no longer your safe-withdrawal
               | amount. A couple such years and you may be back to work.
               | 30+ years is a long time...
               | 
               | [edit edit] also damn under $10k max out of pocket on a
               | family plan at the _bronze_ level for $17k? I gotta get
               | out of my shithole state. That's better than our Gold
               | plans (also our plans tend not to cover like 2 /3 of area
               | providers, which may include 100% of area specialists for
               | certain situations)
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | My budget includes the premiums and the individual out of
               | pocket max. If that's not good enough, what number am I
               | supposed to be looking at? My with a spouse budget is
               | just 2x the individual budget, family out of pockets are
               | usually around 2x individual in my neck of the woods, so
               | that doesn't make a big difference; if there's kids, then
               | it would, but the modelling there gets tricky because
               | you've got to figure out what age you're kicking them off
               | the plan (assuming they don't have a debilitating
               | condition that leaves them dependent on you for their
               | whole life... that falls outside my plan).
               | 
               | > You also can't withdraw at as high a "safe rate" as
               | people planning for an ordinary retirement at ~65 do,
               | because your fund needs to last a lot longer despite
               | inflation and such. $2m isn't "retire at 35" (... or 45)
               | money. It might be "take a big gamble and maybe get
               | lucky... for a while" money. Or semi-retire money.
               | 
               | The $2 M is the budged accumulation only to pay for
               | premiums and out of pocket until you hit Medicare; and
               | that's assuming a spouse. Budgeting that based on
               | perpetual withdrawl rate gives yet another buffer,
               | because it only has to last until Medicare eligibility
               | age. Yeah, there's unknowns, but whatever. I'm not saying
               | $2 M is enough to accumulate for early retirement. It
               | could be, but a lot of people want to spend more money
               | than that. $2 M doesn't generate that much income, so
               | you'll likely qualify for health plan subsidies, which
               | would help a bit too.
               | 
               | Edit: I used zipcode 98110, birthday for illustration
               | 01/01/1960. Going into the less expensive side of my
               | state, zipcode 99336; there's no blue cross out there,
               | but the most expensive bronze plan for that birthdate is
               | $14,000 / year with the same $9200 out of pocket max. And
               | yeah, limited networks suck ... I'm not going to shop for
               | hypotheticals there --- I'm pretty sure if there's no
               | reasonable in network doctors, you can fight your
               | insurance to get covered at a reasonable doctor,
               | regardless of the insurance and state, and if you're
               | early retired, you'll have time for it.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | Some people think that if you can't spend a million
               | dollars a year on healthcare for 50 years, you are poor.
               | In a sense they are right, because nothing is more
               | valuable than life, but if you lower your expectations
               | beyond the tippy top 0.1%, and take up a nice hobby like
               | skydiving or motorcycling, you can get by with a lot
               | less.
        
             | cmrdporcupine wrote:
             | Threshold for wealthy enough to "never work again" is
             | actually _very_ high if you have a mortgage and a couple
             | kids you want to put through school, and are thinking about
             | living past 75. Even here in Canada where healthcare is not
             | really a cost, retirement and nursing homes constitute a
             | huge expense that could go on for _years_ in your last
             | phase.
             | 
             | I'm sitting on the accumulated wealth of 25 rather up-and-
             | downish years in this industry, 10 years at Google, an
             | almost paid-off mortgage, and a decent lump sum I got from
             | when Google bought my employer, I turn 50 this year, and
             | there's no way I can retire. Not without selling my home
             | and moving somewhere a lot cheaper (hard to find here).
             | 
             | Maybe I've made some bad financial choices (not that many),
             | but mostly it's that compensation packages in our industry
             | are set just high enough to keep people on the upper side
             | of comfortable middle class.
             | 
             | If you don't own capital -- haven't invested in rental
             | properties or starting your own business --getting out of
             | the job market isn't really a thing before 65 for most
             | people even in our very well compensated industry.
             | 
             | If I were single or it were just me and my wife, sure.
             | 
             | I've been through tldroptions, and looked at enough options
             | agreement given out by startups in the last few years, to
             | know that as an IC engineer... even if you are lucky enough
             | to be part of the very few startups that have a liquidity
             | event... you're likely gonna get $300k, $400k USD tops.
             | 
             | Unless you're 25 and can shove that in the bank without
             | touching it at all... that's not the life changing event
             | some people think it is. Once the gov't takes their share,
             | it's enough for a house downpayment or a very nice car, and
             | you're certainly not going mortgage free with it.
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | Even very early these days won't get you much. Just a bit of
           | a lump sum you could apply to your 401k/RRSP or whatever and
           | inch you ahead by 5-10 years on retirement. _If_ you got it
           | early enough in your life (20s, 30s) that it can gain
           | interest. VCs and founders are writing stock option
           | agreements these days with very low ownership stakes for even
           | very early employees.
           | 
           | Back in the early y2ks, and late 90s, yes, you could get rich
           | and be up and out if you were lucky and played your cards
           | right. Those days are done.
        
           | adrianN wrote:
           | A SF engineer pulling something like 300k can definitely
           | retire before the age of 60.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | What is "rich"?
           | 
           | There are tens of not hundreds of thousands of people who
           | could retire comfortably after working at Google, Facebook,
           | Apple, MSFT for a decade during their growth years. How many
           | startup founders can do that?
           | 
           | Sure, becoming a billionaire is a different story but who
           | cares?
        
         | takinola wrote:
         | My guess is that it is much easier to get rich from working at
         | a tech company and rising through the ranks. Being a FANG
         | middle manager for a couple of years and managing your money
         | well should put you in a very comfortable position. However, if
         | you want to be private island rich, you need to do your own
         | startup.
        
           | ttul wrote:
           | Certainly in my own circle, people who were fortunate enough
           | to work at FAANG during the right window of time became
           | comfortably rich. Many of my own investors just worked as
           | engineers at Microsoft for the right decade and are worth
           | tens of millions. They worked really hard and sacrificed a
           | lot, but they got paid every step of the way.
           | 
           | Predicting which big tech company will do well enough in
           | future to give you that big stock reward over time is a big
           | gamble, but certainly a smaller gamble than doing a startup.
           | 
           | I know plenty of people who have joined half a dozen
           | startups, none of which yielded any gain. And many
           | entrepreneurs who worked super hard many times and have
           | nothing to show for it but scar tissue.
           | 
           | Whatever you do, the best advice is to ensure you are
           | enjoying the journey. Don't waste your life just to be rich.
           | That path nearly always yields a Pyrrhic victory.
        
         | rguzman wrote:
         | it really depends on what you mean by rich: the surest path to
         | end up with $2-5M over ~10 years is job at ~FAANG, do it well
         | to get promoted, and manage your savings/investments well. that
         | path is very unlikely to get you to $10-100M in the same 10
         | years, and starting a startup seems to be one of the best ways
         | to do that.
        
           | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
           | You forget the higher up you go in these companies, the
           | politics get nasty. Not many people have the appetite for
           | that.
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | You don't need to be a higher up; you just need to be a
             | good cog.
        
         | alexchantavy wrote:
         | Not research, but here's this popular Dan Luu essay
         | https://danluu.com/startup-tradeoffs/
        
       | YossarianFrPrez wrote:
       | PG is remarkably consistent in his advice; much of his writing is
       | about developing a nose for "what's missing" and having the chops
       | and resources to attempt a solution.
       | 
       | Also, I think 'Google' in this instance is more for motivation
       | rather than a literal comparison. He's leaving out the part that
       | Google was founded by graduate CS students a) looking for a
       | thesis, b) into node-link graphs, and c) inspired by academic
       | citation metrics. Would PG advise anyone to go to grad school to
       | learn how to find scientific-discovery-based startup ideas these
       | days?
        
         | cmrdporcupine wrote:
         | This is what is fundamentally missing from most talk about
         | "tech" startups by VC types these days. They're not actually
         | interested in the nerdy stuff, just in the "disruption" stuff.
         | 
         | L&S _were_ , and they hired other people who were. They didn't
         | start with a business idea, but with a technical one. They
         | filled in the blanks on the business side after they survived
         | the .com crash.
         | 
         | I didn't get to Google until 2011, but it became clear to me
         | after joining that in the past they had gone on a very nerdy
         | mission to hire all the nerdy people and collect them into one
         | place to do nerdy things.
         | 
         | (Unfortunately that nerdy thing ended up being selling ads
         | really efficient, but that's another story.)
         | 
         | My fundamental point is that the Google story is very unlike
         | the kind of stories that YCombinator or a16z like. It started,
         | like you said, as a set of intellectual/technical interests.
         | The other stuff, that VCs today like, came later.
         | 
         | In a way they did the opposite of the usual advice. They
         | started with the hammer (the tech) rather than the nail (the
         | business problem.) They certainly didn't start with a "Like X
         | but for Y" statement like seems to be desired by VC today. And
         | they didn't look like the typical .com story at the time (which
         | was usually: give us lots of VC $$ so we can sell something on
         | the web that is currently not sold on the web, but we'll just
         | use the $$ to buy customers and make no profit...)
         | 
         | I would posit that if today's Google came to YCombinator today
         | they'd be shown the "no thanks" door.
        
           | YossarianFrPrez wrote:
           | Very interesting to hear your thoughts and experience.
           | 
           | I wonder if we really shouldn't make a bit more out of the
           | fact that there are different types of startups: those that
           | pick off low-hanging fruit really well, those that combine
           | novel technology with novel problems (for instance, the
           | recent YC LLM meeting note-taking / transcription service),
           | those that are scientific-discovery based (see, for example
           | the NSF Small Business Innovation Research program), etc. I
           | am not experienced enough to create an ontology of startup
           | ideas, but I think it'd be an interesting exercise.
        
             | theGnuMe wrote:
             | The nsf program basically exists to fill the gap between
             | research and product market fit. Except They focus on
             | commercialization plans which we know that in reality is
             | subject to change (aka meaningless).
        
           | light_triad wrote:
           | Hopefully 2 Stanford CS PhD students hacking on their project
           | would be funded by YC today :)
           | 
           | You bring up a good point about starting from the tech rather
           | than the problem. Usually the advice from VCs is to start
           | from the problem and iterate on the tech until you solve it.
           | What was very fortunate for Google is that the tech
           | translated into a great business problem. Open up any CS
           | textbook and 'Search' is always a major section. It was also
           | a great business because the problem is important, frequent,
           | and had not been properly solved by the big players in the
           | mid 90s.
           | 
           | "And then we realized that we had a querying tool..." (Page)
        
             | cmrdporcupine wrote:
             | But that's the thing. "Search" was _not_ a great business
             | problem. It still isn 't. I used Google for years before
             | their IPO and people were always like "how is this thing
             | going to make money" and believe it or not there was a
             | _lot_ of skepticism even at IPO time that they even had a
             | possible reasonable business model. (Same for Facebook at
             | their IPO, too.)
             | 
             | Search is not a good business. _Ad sales_ over top of
             | search turned out to be. AdWords is the thing that
             | catapulted Google towards (insane) profitability. And for
             | the first few years, Google didn 't really sell ads, or
             | market themselves as even _aiming_ to sell ads. But AdWords
             | could only be successful because they had already captured
             | the market on search, and so had a captive audience to show
             | ads to (and relevance information based on their searches).
             | 
             | AdWords rolled out in 2000. Many of us had been using
             | Google as a search engine since before the company had even
             | been founded (1998).
        
               | light_triad wrote:
               | Totally agree. What I mean is many research topics can be
               | very interesting from a technical perspective but don't
               | translate into solving problems that are frequent and
               | important enough to build a business around. In the case
               | of Search many business gurus didn't understand at the
               | time that you can make a fortune with a free product.
               | What matters is who has the traffic and who they're
               | selling it to = eyeball meets ad. Page and Brin initially
               | "expected that advertising funded search engines will be
               | inherently biased towards the advertisers and away from
               | the needs of the consumers" (foreshadowing). Also they
               | tried to sell to Yahoo for $1M so it took time to see the
               | full potential, as you describe.
        
               | neilv wrote:
               | When Google started, you didn't need a business model for
               | a "dotcom" (as we called them, before "tech stocks"
               | became the "tech" that we now call ourselves).
               | 
               | We already realized the necessity of finding information
               | amongst the exponentially growing wealth of Web servers
               | (sites).
               | 
               | And Google obviously worked _much_ better than the
               | existing crawler-based search indexes and curated
               | directories.
               | 
               | And lots of people thought a "portal" was a good place to
               | be, if you could manage it.
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | > And Google obviously worked much better than the
               | existing crawler-based search indexes and curated
               | directories.
               | 
               | Funny thing is I recall using Google from the very day I
               | first saw it come across Slashdot -- probably late 1997
               | -- before they were incorporated even... but I also
               | recall that at some point around 1999 I actually switched
               | back to using AltaVista or something similar for a bit.
               | Because I preferred the search results I got.
               | 
               | It was actually a more competitive situation than people
               | might remember in hindsight.
               | 
               | The big difference is that Google made it through the
               | .com crash filter better than anybody else. That and they
               | kept the good will of their customers by keeping minimal
               | and straightforward and (for a while) ad free.
        
             | neilv wrote:
             | > _Hopefully 2 Stanford CS PhD students hacking on their
             | project would be funded by YC today :)_
             | 
             | Around the dawn of YC, IIRC, when PG did the "summer
             | founders" or something like that, a group of 4 of us Lisp
             | hackers applied as a team. No response.
             | 
             | We were mostly in grad student-like lifestyle modes, and
             | not tied down, were energetic, and already had various
             | applicable experience.
             | 
             | But I think PG was mostly looking for barely-20 year-olds
             | to drop out of college, rent an apartment in Harvard Square
             | together, and sit around hacking in towels.
             | 
             | Since that's what he wrote in one article. Which I guess
             | trumped the article in which he said Lisp hackers are great
             | for startups.
             | 
             | Now his latest article says he's going after 14 and 15
             | year-olds. :)
        
               | eastbound wrote:
               | I always wonder about the success rate of _advice_. Do we
               | have _any_ student from this talk of PG who succeeded
               | later in life? Joined an ivy league school? Proceeded to
               | create a startup? Had success with it?
               | 
               | Don't get me wrong. This folklore is extremely important,
               | if not just to raise the grades of one student. But as a
               | founder, when I give advice, out of inflated ego
               | generally, I also have vertigo from the height of
               | everything that could go wrong about being mistaken about
               | my advice.
        
               | holmesworcester wrote:
               | I feel that worry too, but I can validate his advice,
               | somewhat.
               | 
               | I'm 44 and spent most of my career working individually
               | and with my closest friends on projects that felt
               | interesting, and it went really well for us in all of the
               | ways. I also met these friends at a selective school,
               | though it was a state-funded high school
               | (massacademy.org), not a university.
               | 
               | Also, someone once came to my very conventional
               | elementary school in 5th grade on career day to talk
               | about a very unconventional career path (being a full-
               | time peace activist) and this had a huge impact on me,
               | both because it validated activism as a career and
               | perhaps more importantly because it validated not having
               | a normal job.
               | 
               | Getting a very short lecture in school from an
               | interesting non-teacher can be at least very memorable
               | and perhaps life-changing.
        
           | theGnuMe wrote:
           | Maybe? YC seems to have an inconsistent view on things that
           | are research vs product. But it's probably more nuanced than
           | that. Search was a market though at that time. If you pitched
           | an AI LLM before chat-gpt what would the odds have been?
        
             | cmrdporcupine wrote:
             | I dunno, I toyed with the starting phase of YC application
             | a couple years ago, and started working my way through what
             | was involved in their application process and reading their
             | materials, even watching some YouTube content, etc.
             | 
             | I didn't really see how a business that was starting from a
             | more R&D angle would make it through.
             | 
             | And a lot of it seemed _really_ pitched to the bizdev
             | "hustler" founder personality, not to engineers/nerds.
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | _They 're not actually interested in the nerdy stuff, just in
           | the "disruption" stuff._
           | 
           | I disagree. The AI stuff seems pretty nerdy. Same for GitHub
           | and other levels of abstraction. The disruption talk is just
           | the branding by the media.
        
             | cmrdporcupine wrote:
             | The foundational $$ that has gone into the research to make
             | the LLM stuff happen... was _inside_ the existing big
             | corporations (Google, FB, MS, etc.) and only left there
             | once it had been proven.
             | 
             | Ilya Sutskever (OpenAI) for example was employed inside
             | Google doing that kind of work and only left when he ran up
             | against the limits of what he felt he could get done there.
             | But the fundamental R&D had already been done. When I was
             | at Google I saw some of it from a distance before I ever
             | heard of OpenAI.
             | 
             | The VCs have come along at the _tail end_ of the R &D cycle
             | on this stuff in hopes of cashing in. Same as they did with
             | crypto and N number of trends before. They're trailing, not
             | innovating.
             | 
             | They're primarily interested in successful business models
             | capitalizing on existing technology, not the actual
             | development of new technology. Unless one has distorted the
             | meaning of "technology" significantly.
        
           | downWidOutaFite wrote:
           | The real trick that made Google possible, and the following
           | web 2.0 era startups, was that linux and commodity hardware
           | was all that was needed at the time so engineers could strike
           | out on their own. Comparing it to the current ML era where
           | you need many millions of dollars of data and many millions
           | of dollars of hardware to compete, the guys that wrote the
           | transformers paper are stuck in bigcorp and aren't going to
           | be the next Larry and Sergey. OpenAI might be one of the few
           | new big companies but it's run by a VC/CEO, not the engineers
           | that figured the stuff out, and he had to sell half the
           | company to Microsoft anyway.
        
             | nsguy wrote:
             | These things always happen at intersections. There are lots
             | of smart people with ideas. The magic happens at the
             | intersection of ideas, time (what technology is available)
             | and luck. Apple Newton was too early. Apple iPhone was just
             | right. Doom 3D was just at the right time when commodity
             | hardware could do what the amazing software needed it to
             | do.
        
               | downWidOutaFite wrote:
               | The point I was trying to make is what are the situation
               | where an independent small startup can make it big. Your
               | examples are instructive, engineers were able to make id
               | Software big because you didn't need a lot of hardware to
               | invent 3D shooters, but Jobs gets the credit for the
               | iPhone because the engineers needed hundreds of millions
               | of dollars in capital to pull it off.
               | 
               | pg is giving advice based on him getting rich from that
               | period of time where the small startup could make it big.
               | But those conditions are probably rare going forward.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | maybe. right now, if a startup has a new ML training
               | technique or whatever, for a specific niche, cloud and VC
               | capital will let them make a model that does way better
               | for their niche than repackaging well funded models from
               | OpenAI.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | >is what are the situation where an independent small
               | startup can make it big.
               | 
               | Yes, there are also all kinds of completely unrelated to
               | your idea things that can succeed or kill your business.
               | 
               | Happen to launch your idea the day before a global
               | economic collapse, well, better be exceptionally lucky.
               | 
               | Happen to launch when interest rates drop though the
               | floor and banks are handing out money to anyone. You're
               | going to have a harder time failing.
        
             | ldjkfkdsjnv wrote:
             | Wild to think that potentially the most innovative company
             | of the last five years, and next five, was run/founded by a
             | VC. It goes against all of the VC hate
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | I think there's a connection here to the old adage that
           | "small companies make it possible, big companies make it
           | inexpensive".
           | 
           | The purpose of VC can be viewed as trying to take a company
           | from nonexistent to big while skipping the small stage, but
           | small is where the action really is.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | Yep, unless some new thing is acquired in a buyout, or if
             | an entire group is spun off with almost no oversight, large
             | companies are horrifically bad at creating new things. It's
             | nearly impossible for them to do it in the case where the
             | new product would affect existing revenue streams.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | Google in 1999 had the the fortuitous alignment of every
         | possible factor: brains, Stanford connections, timing,
         | extremely scalable and lucrative business model, funding, etc.
        
           | fuzzfactor wrote:
           | Even more fortuitous was having no ads or anything else that
           | the small number of early Googlers would have considered evil
           | in any way.
        
             | Karrot_Kream wrote:
             | Huh? Did we ask forget about the era of pop-up ads on the
             | Internet?
        
               | fuzzfactor wrote:
               | That's what I mean, when Google became generally
               | available they had none of that on their site.
               | 
               | For quite a while at least before they joined the crowd.
        
         | fuzzfactor wrote:
         | >go to grad school to learn how to find scientific-discovery-
         | based startup ideas these days?
         | 
         | Nope, ended up going to scientific-discovery-based-startup-
         | ideas-R-us instead, by client demand.
        
         | bbor wrote:
         | He should! As I hope to convince people of next month, there's
         | a wealth of classical AI knowledge that's just begging to be
         | applied to modern systems. That's not to speak of the wizardry
         | happening in neuroscience and drug discovery right now...
         | 
         | Isn't "you shouldn't focus on science to start a good tech
         | company" a good indicator that our conception of "tech" company
         | is completely broken? That we're really talking about ways to
         | milk money from gambling billionaires, not change the world
         | with successful products?
        
       | HMH wrote:
       | > You need three things. You need to be good at some kind of
       | technology, you need an idea for what you're going to build, and
       | you need cofounders to start the company with.
       | 
       | So no word about funding from the CIA and NSA. If you want to
       | build something that changes the world in such a profound way as
       | Google did, you can not possibly expect the powerful not having a
       | word with you. I am inclined to believe that these days you will
       | need influential "friends" with aligned interests at some point.
        
       | ak_111 wrote:
       | Am surprised PG gave this talk at a UK school without mentioning
       | an important assumption that they will need to migrate to the US
       | in his opening paragraph.
       | 
       | All the examples he mentioned Google, himself and the Irish
       | Stripe founders had to do the same for their startups.
       | 
       | Sadly in the UK all the current unicorn "startups" are a bit
       | iffy: XTX (high frequency hedgefund), betfair (betting company),
       | tripledot studios (Zynga like company).
       | 
       | Unfortunately mega success in startups doing soemthing innovative
       | is non-existent in Europe and UK in particular. Mistral stands
       | out to how exceptional it is to the rule, and the closest other
       | one I can think of is BioNtech.
       | 
       | Sadly the highest expected route to fortune in the UK remains
       | quant trading in finance. Including starting your own hedge fund.
        
         | zeroxfe wrote:
         | > Am surprised PG gave this talk at a UK school without
         | mentioning an important assumption that they will need to
         | migrate to the US in his opening paragraph.
         | 
         | Seems kinda reasonable for a motivational speech not to mention
         | it (even assuming it's entirely true.)
        
           | ak_111 wrote:
           | No I think it was so obvious to him that he forgot to mention
           | it, or he doesn't think it should be a problem for many young
           | people to move to the US.
           | 
           | It would be dishonest if he intentionally left it out since
           | for some (arguably a minority of _young_ people) it is a deal
           | breaker.
        
         | munificent wrote:
         | You say all this like it's a bad thing, but maybe it's
         | ultimately better for a society if there isn't a financial
         | lottery that enables a small number of people to become
         | insanely wealthy and powerful.
         | 
         | I'd rather a government that enables a thousand mid-sized
         | companies with moderately well-paid executives and employees
         | than one that enables a single monopolistic mega-corporation
         | with billionaires whose power rivals states and whose
         | incentives are not aligned with most of the world.
        
           | palata wrote:
           | This. It's the US system that is broken, not the European
           | ones.
        
           | ak_111 wrote:
           | Of course it is a monumentally bad thing for the UK economy
           | it doesn't have any big tech companies! I actually don't
           | understand your point at all.
           | 
           | To say nothing of the lost revenue from tech export do you
           | think it is better for the UK that it depends on AWS cloud
           | for running the majority of its public services, Apple for
           | almost 70% of the phones used by it's citizens, Google for
           | the other 30%?
           | 
           | Which midsize company is going to be able to compete with AWS
           | on offering cloud computing services, Apple on developing
           | smart phones or Nvidia on GPUs?
           | 
           | Actually the UK has the worst of both worlds: US big tech
           | opens office here leading to well-paid executives and
           | engineer, while all revenue (and none of the taxes) from
           | selling the products these engineers develop goes to the US.
        
             | munificent wrote:
             | Is there truly nothing you can imagine that might be more
             | important than maximizing revenue?
        
         | mike_hearn wrote:
         | Yes, and of course you cannot just move to the USA especially
         | if you're a young guy in the UK. I know, I faced the same
         | issue. 2006, recruited by Google before I'd even graduated. I
         | wanted to go to California but... they hit the H1B cap that
         | year and I wasn't important enough to get one. So I ended up in
         | Switzerland.
         | 
         | If Google in 2006 wasn't powerful enough to get someone as
         | culturally unthreatening as a Brit into the USA, it cannot be
         | easier to do so as a startup founder.
         | 
         | That said I did know someone later who was able to make it in
         | and become a startup CTO there (a German guy). Hilariously he
         | did it by making a viral YouTube video. And by "make" I mean he
         | hired an agency to make it. This was sufficient to get him in
         | on an artist visa, which was easier than getting in on an H1B.
        
         | suyash wrote:
         | Not anymore, London is the biggest startup hub in Europe and
         | top AI companies like Google Deep Mind and Stability AI were
         | founded and HQ is based in London. These days all you need is
         | talent and funding, once you have that you can do it from
         | anywhere.
        
       | bearjaws wrote:
       | Paul Graham sounds like a boomer telling their kids to go apply
       | in person or go door to door for jobs. Especially talking about
       | Software startups, which will increasingly have a lower and lower
       | barrier to entry (aka lower profitability)
       | 
       | Theres simply no way to get away with what Google, Facebook or
       | Uber did today. You will not sneak your software into enterprise
       | customers, you will not be able to skirt regulations.
       | 
       | Hell the big money pot of getting acquired may be dead too, e.g.
       | Figma.
       | 
       | For most startups, you will fail. For the top 1% of companies you
       | can hope to at best make a comfortable living at a multi-million
       | dollar valuation. Only the .0001% will become a Google.
        
       | gist wrote:
       | Entirely and obviously self serving in that not only is this
       | probably the only 'business' world that Paul has been exposed to
       | (he started a tech company) but Paul also benefits (as do VC's
       | and angel investors) from the entire eco system of young people
       | taking chances with a small chance of success. The investor (and
       | YC) wins with lots of people trying regardless of how many fail.
       | 
       | And note that the chances of founders and companies that have
       | passed and been anointed with money is below (how much? I don't
       | know) companies that haven't even made it to that round (to be
       | potentially winnowed out). And have spent time and perhaps family
       | money.
       | 
       | Will point out that I benefit from all of this (let's call it
       | 'pick axe' for short) but I would or could never with a straight
       | face and conscience write or give the same advice to kids in high
       | school. Shoot for the moon? Risky. Sure if you have family money
       | to fall back on possibly take the chance.
       | 
       | Especially and in particular 'how to start google' (meaning
       | something with huge potential).
       | 
       | Oh yeah back in olden times I started a company right out of
       | college and did pretty well and sold it (with ZERO investor
       | money).
       | 
       | Lastly the joke that existed back and forever was someone saying
       | 'find a good lawyer' as if doing so is a matter of knowing you
       | had to do it not the specifics of how to do it.
        
       | jameshart wrote:
       | The blindness to privilege that's tied up in the part about why
       | you 'need' to go to a good (by which he means highly selective)
       | school...
       | 
       | > if you want to start a startup you should try to get into the
       | best university you can, because that's where the best cofounders
       | are...
       | 
       | > The empirical evidence is clear on this. If you look at where
       | the largest numbers of successful startups come from, it's pretty
       | much the same as the list of the most selective universities.
       | 
       | Is it at all possible that the people who are able to take a
       | gamble on founding a startup rather than getting a job are also
       | disproportionately drawn from the wealthy class that is also able
       | to afford the privileges necessary to get their kids over the
       | admissions humps needed to get into highly selective schools?
       | 
       | Because in spite of the suggestion that getting into these
       | schools is a matter of 'doing well in your classes', Graham knows
       | and acknowledges in his footnote that he knows full well that's
       | actually not what these schools are selecting for anyway:
       | 
       | > US admissions departments make applicants jump through a lot of
       | arbitrary hoops that have little to do with their intellectual
       | ability. But the more arbitrary a test, the more it becomes a
       | test of mere determination and resourcefulness.
       | 
       | 'Mere determination and resourcefulness'? Or the background,
       | finances and support and time necessary to make the grade in
       | terms of non academic achievements, volunteer work, experience,
       | extracurriculars, etc?
       | 
       | But even if you get in through academics plus determination and
       | resourcefulness... will you also have the resources to take a
       | risk on turning a project into a startup?
       | 
       | This is cargo cultism. Yes, successful founders are
       | disproportionately drawn from high end selective schools, because
       | they are disproportionately drawn from the community of people
       | who come from a background of privilege, and are academically
       | bright. Such people naturally tend to end up at Stanford or MIT
       | or wherever.
       | 
       | But _getting in to Stanford or MIT_ doesn't magically make you
       | into a member of that privileged class.
        
         | drcongo wrote:
         | I find most of his posts over the last few years to be an
         | exercise in ignoring privilege. It's a very long time since I
         | read one that felt grounded.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | I think you changed more than he did.
        
         | 93po wrote:
         | The overwhelming influential factor of people who start
         | successful businesses is that they have a tremendous amount of
         | resources relative to the average person. I would guess that
         | easily over half of all successful medium to large size
         | businesses started with someone who had a big leg-up.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | That's what he said. "Resourcefulness". Money is a resource
           | as much as brainpower or grit or creativity.
        
         | cmrdporcupine wrote:
         | Yep
         | 
         | > 'Mere determination and resourcefulness'
         | 
         | ... is actually really a test of _class position_. Your
         | motivation to pursue and pass those artificial goalposts is in
         | most cases going to be directly co-related to the values and
         | expectations that the people who surround you have. Mommy and
         | daddy and their friends at the country club expect it.
         | 
         | CS education is good all over the place, not just Stanford or
         | MIT. And CS education pulled out of books and through self-
         | reading is also great. But knowing that said person went to
         | Stanford is a signifier to the VCs that said person is
         | acculturated into the class and culture of capitalist
         | administration.
         | 
         | More mind boggling is seeing them _admitting_ to the  "cargo
         | cultism" (which I'd just call "class bias") instead of the
         | usual ideological cover of entrepreneurialism and the "American
         | dream."
        
         | berkes wrote:
         | In "Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting by in America" Barbara
         | Ehrenreich poses that universities are (in my words) merely a
         | fictional moat, "invented" by the new class that became rich
         | through education and work, rather then before through
         | ownership and capital.
         | 
         | "Education" nor "work" can be passed through generations. If I
         | am a very gifted lawyer, this is not something I can pass on to
         | my daughters or suns (but a castle or land can be). Yet you can
         | employ your network and power to get your daughter or suns into
         | "highly selective" universities. Where, once they are in, being
         | smart (e.g being a gifted lawyer) matters less than "being in".
         | 
         | So, indeed, "cargo cultism" and privilege.
         | 
         | And, I would add, a problem and cause of why the startup world
         | is so shortsighted, monoculture (non-diverse) and dogpiling on
         | similar problems, yet ignoring others entirely. (disclaimer: I
         | too, however, am the typical priviliged bearded white male that
         | "does computers" since late eighties though)
        
           | jdthedisciple wrote:
           | I like your poetic metaphor of sons as bright stars ...
        
         | dmurray wrote:
         | > But getting in to Stanford or MIT doesn't magically make you
         | into a member of that privileged class.
         | 
         | The essay (intentionally, no doubt) doesn't pick a side in this
         | fight.
         | 
         | It's very clear on why you should go to the best university:
         | not because it will make you the best founder, but to meet the
         | best co-founders.
         | 
         | > And if you want to start a startup you should try to get into
         | the best university you can, because that's where the best
         | cofounders are. It's also where the best employees are. When
         | Larry and Sergey started Google, they began by just hiring all
         | the smartest people they knew out of Stanford, and this was a
         | real advantage for them.
         | 
         | It doesn't matter whether elite universities are meritocratic
         | or terribly unfair: either way, they've been the source of very
         | many successful companies over the last 30 years, and Paul
         | Graham is betting on that continuing to be the case. (Unlike
         | Peter Thiel, for example, who is telling kids to drop out).
        
           | jameshart wrote:
           | Yes, I know PG isn't picking a side in that 'fight'. He's
           | pretending it doesn't exist. He's suggesting that _anyone_
           | with the resourcefulness of a founder, who has access to that
           | college network, could have an equal opportunity to find the
           | magic combination of cofounders and ideas to make a Google.
           | 
           | My point is that his empirical evidence and continued
           | willingness to bet on startups that _emerge_ from that path
           | does not justify his claim that that path is the open for
           | everyone to take.
           | 
           | If you are among the stratum from whom startup founders and
           | cofounders will most likely be drawn, then sure, 100%, these
           | schools are a networking opportunity which will help you on
           | that path. Great place to meet cofounders.
           | 
           | If you aren't, going to these schools will not make you
           | magically able to take the financial risks needed to become a
           | founder; they might make you among the smartest people some
           | founders know, and get you a gig working for one.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | Not unlike Peter Thiel.
           | 
           | Gates, Jobs, Dell, Page, Brin, Zuckerberg are all dropouts.
        
         | dasil003 wrote:
         | You're right that PG ignores the privilege and selection bias
         | at play in all stages on the funnel to Google-scale success.
         | I'm okay with that though, because calling out all the
         | statistical realities does not lead to actionable advice for
         | young people; it tends to devolve into hand-wringing and
         | complaining about what "we" as a society should do, but very
         | few are actually empowered or incentivized to address. And, at
         | the end of the day, if you're looking for a single place to
         | find good co-founders, it's hard to argue there is any better
         | place than Stanford or MIT. I think Paul's advice on balance is
         | decent, even for folks starting from less privilege.
         | 
         | That said, I think the biggest risk for ambitious young people
         | reading this is black and white thinking about getting into the
         | right school. Successful founders are relentlessly resourceful,
         | so while it's a decent plan to target a top school, I believe
         | that how you handle rejection and refocus your ambitions says
         | more about your long-term entrepreneurial prospects than being
         | accepted would have. Focus on what you can control, play to
         | your strengths, and on balance you'll get better outcomes.
        
         | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
         | Ya that is the main one. If you are born in midwest usa or god
         | forbid, nigeria, please forget starting google.
        
         | mempko wrote:
         | Exactly, it's not that good technology gets funding, it's that
         | technology that gets funding gets good.
         | 
         | People often get this the wrong way around. They believe you
         | just need a good idea. No, you need social circles that can
         | invest in your idea. Investment improves things over time.
         | 
         | Alan Kay talks about this. That the quality of the project is
         | the quality of the funders.
         | 
         | You can have good ideas, but if you don't have access to
         | funders, your good idea will not have the resources to become a
         | great idea.
        
         | hoosieree wrote:
         | Jumping through arbitrary hoops sounds an awful lot like "push
         | hard, the door sticks".
        
       | ttul wrote:
       | Most startups end up failing. The ones that don't fail succeed
       | only a little and end up as lifestyle businesses. Nothing wrong
       | with that, but it should be acknowledged.
       | 
       | If you want to play the "next Google" game, get ready to be
       | disappointed by Lady Luck.
        
       | mike_hearn wrote:
       | There's a lot to like about this speech, but if a 15 year old
       | heard it and then asked me for more detail I'd have to point out
       | a few things that were glossed over:
       | 
       | 1. 15-25 year olds who do programming passion projects are often
       | attracted to video games. Video game companies are not "startups"
       | in the sense pg means here. You will not get rich by indulging a
       | passion for the entertainment industry.
       | 
       | 2. You do in fact need capital to do a startup, and there is a
       | lot more to getting that than just having cofounders and
       | something you're interested in.
       | 
       | 3. "What you need in a startup idea, and all you need, is
       | something your friends actually want." This isn't really true, is
       | it. I thought there is another pg/ycombinator essay somewhere
       | that warns people away from specific types of startup pitches,
       | and one of them is something like "an app that tells you about
       | events in your local community". Supposedly this is one of those
       | things that everyone wants to use and everyone wants to work on,
       | but which never turns into a successful startup.
       | 
       | There are actually a lot of things that your friends might want
       | which are not startup material anywhere except Sand Hill Road,
       | mostly because there are lots of things people want but won't pay
       | for. A sad example of this is developer tools. If you take pg's
       | advice literally and learn programming, hang out with other
       | people who do that and then do projects with them, soon you will
       | see lots of sticky doors that look like missing bits of
       | infrastructure. Unfortunately startups that do dev tooling aren't
       | a good way to get rich. Developers generally don't or can't buy
       | things, so you have to sell to their CTOs and thus all the money
       | accumulates in companies like Amazon or Microsoft. Example of
       | what happens if you try, even with great PMF: Docker.
       | 
       | Most kids with ideas in the world don't have the contacts or work
       | visas to raise money from US VC firms. They need a project that
       | people will pay money for immediately. Unfortunately, one of the
       | side effects of the size of the US VC ecosystem is that if
       | someone comes up with a good idea that takes off and they try to
       | grow like a normal company, and they _aren 't_ taking VC money,
       | then they will be immediately outcompeted by someone who does,
       | simply because whoever does have that access will engage in
       | market dumping until there's nobody else left except other VC
       | funded startups. One of the US funded companies will end up
       | taking the entire market even if they are burning money with no
       | hope of ever balancing the books, but that's OK because one of
       | the VC's other investments can always be persuaded to give a
       | clean exit.
       | 
       | Example: DailyMotion (European) vs YouTube (US). At the time
       | YouTube was bought they didn't have a hope in hell of ever being
       | a standalone business and didn't even care to try, but they were
       | down the road from Google and were scaring Larry/Sergey/Eric with
       | their success. Buying a company if you can just jump in your car
       | to go visit them is easy, if you need to constantly do trans-
       | Atlantic flights, not so easy. It doesn't make sense to bet on
       | the "grow like crazy and wait for an exit" strategy elsewhere.
       | WhatsApp is another example of an MTV based company that had no
       | strategy beyond grow-and-exit. I actually made a WhatsApp-like
       | app a few years before the smartphone revolution hit, and my
       | friends thought it was awesome, but I had no illusions that it
       | could ever be a business. And indeed none of these messenger apps
       | ever have been. In the world of "startups" (vs small businesses),
       | you don't necessarily need to care.
        
         | jimkoen wrote:
         | Thank you. This is a much more informed post than the article.
         | 
         | There is imo so much wrong with PG's post, but as an European
         | the whole proximity to tech thing feels very real. I remember
         | seeing a talk by Craig Frederhigi where he also made fun of the
         | fact that at least 50% of his success came from just being
         | present in Silicon Valley / Cupertino at the right time.
        
       | gordon_freeman wrote:
       | > "But you will avoid many of the annoying things that come with
       | a job, including a boss telling you what to do."
       | 
       | Isn't this a bit misleading and can only be true for companies
       | that don't take VC money or never go public (ex: Basecamp/37
       | Signals)? For VC funded or public companies, ultimately you'd
       | have to be responsible to answer to your shareholders.
        
         | Kwpolska wrote:
         | Exactly: instead of a boss, you get venture capitalists, plus
         | you probably don't have that pesky work-life balance either.
        
           | rvnx wrote:
           | Not a problem. You don't need work-life balance when you are
           | living in a garage in San Francisco eating ramen on debt that
           | you got from vulture capital.
        
         | quatrefoil wrote:
         | Right, and from all my friends who did take VC money: it's an
         | incredibly demanding period of your life, a large proportion of
         | which isn't about delivering on your vision. You're gonna learn
         | a lot about office space leases, accounting, fundraising,
         | customer pitches, etc. You're gonna have impatient VCs on your
         | board, with the power to fire you, breathing down your neck.
         | You won't be relaxing much and won't be spending that much time
         | with family and non-work friends.
         | 
         | It's a valuable experience with a lot of potential upside in
         | the long haul - but let's not pretend that it's less taxing
         | than a cozy 9-to-5 tech job where your boss might ask you to
         | update your OKRs once in a while.
        
           | bootsmann wrote:
           | Usually by the time VCs have the power to fire you, you have
           | so many different investors that they cannot really do it
           | without some massively difficult political manouvering, at
           | least in software.
        
             | hobobaggins wrote:
             | Someone better tell that to Elon Musk, Steve Jobs, Sean
             | Parker, and Jack Dorsey.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | Tell me more about poor billionaires who suffered the
               | cruel fate of losing their jobs.
               | 
               | Every one of those people was incredibly successful
               | before and after getting fired.
        
         | romeros wrote:
         | Yes, but the VCs trust you to a large extent and they can't
         | delve into the nitty-gritty of daily operations. If they do
         | they will develop a bad reputation.
         | 
         | Your boss's job is to oversee the minutiae of your day-to-day
         | activities. Like in most workplaces, you can't choose to just
         | chill for a few days, work only at night, or choose to avoid
         | meetings for a few days, etc.
         | 
         | You will have a level autonomy and the ability to change
         | directions/features, etc. that you cannot have working for
         | others.
        
           | nostrademons wrote:
           | A good manager is going to trust you to a large extent and
           | not delve into the nitty-gritty of daily operations. With
           | typical reporting loads in knowledge industries, they can't -
           | a manager with 10 reports realistically has 1-2 hours/week to
           | spend on their projects once all the team overhead is taken
           | care of.
           | 
           | My reports absolutely can chill for a couple days, work only
           | at night, or skip meetings. My job is to get them promoted,
           | which can't happen until they land projects that demonstrate
           | business impact.
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | But what a report can't do is change the direction of a
             | company or org leadership that is making bad decisions that
             | lead to impossible demands governed by politics as ultra
             | short-termism. Having the freedom to fail any way I want,
             | but not be empowered to succeed, is a uniquely "employee"
             | problem.
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | Sure, but there are many ways that VCs can force
               | companies into incentive structures that put them in a
               | failing position. If you include stupid executives and
               | poor long-term decisions in the corporate model, you also
               | have to include stupid VCs or board members and poor
               | long-term decisions in the startup model.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | That's true, and since Paul Graham's in the role of VC
         | shareholder or something closely related, he would prefer you
         | didn't realize that.
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | Are you telling me that this blog entry is... marketing?!?
           | Oh, my!
           | 
           | :-p
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | _> "But you will avoid many of the annoying things that come
         | with a job, including a boss telling you what to do."_
         | 
         | Yeah but that boss is paying you mid 6 figs or even 7, plus
         | comp and other stuff, then maybe it's not so bad. Why else are
         | these tech companies inundated with so many job applications if
         | having a boss is supposed to be so bad. I think this guy is
         | still stuck in a '90s or early 2000s 'Dilbert' mindset when
         | salaries were way worse and bosses had more leverage and
         | employees were closer to being like slaves. A lot has changed.
         | .
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | I agree with you overall but the impression I'm getting is
           | that comp is taking a nose dive for premium jobs. Probably
           | 10% of those pay what they used to, 3-4 years ago and the
           | competition is 100x worse, and it was bad before.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | Getting mid 6 to 7 figures as a employee is almost exactly as
           | hard as founding a successful startup.
           | 
           | The vast majority of employees at the largest, most
           | successful companies, do not earn that much.
        
       | antisthenes wrote:
       | This reads like it was written by an LLM trained on self-help
       | books.
       | 
       | Is this the guy that a lot of HNers look up to?
        
         | pclmulqdq wrote:
         | Yes, sadly. If you read between the lines and take his advice
         | more as "understanding the psychology of VCs" rather than as
         | actual advice, his essays are very useful. He has long passed
         | the phases of a manager's life where he has to be right - he is
         | surrounded by yes men who tell him that he is right no matter
         | what.
         | 
         | Matt Levine, as usual, has a great take on the phases of life
         | of a partner/founder of a hedge fund (which a VC fund basically
         | is), and PG is deep in phase 3:
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2023-11-07/bridge...
         | 
         | I will say that unlike GPT-4 he is an objectively good writer
         | (ie has very good style) most of the time, so the essays tend
         | to be somewhat entertaining to read.
        
       | ngd wrote:
       | I'm generally interested if people here think that to a 14-15
       | year old, do those companies sound tremendously cool and does the
       | premise of their value stir exciting thoughts and motivations? My
       | slightly younger kids don't really what Google, Apple or
       | Facebook/Meta means. If I explained this essay to them, I'd at
       | least say "the iPad", "YouTube", "the Oculus" to make it more
       | relatable.
       | 
       | To my mind, to immediately relate to kids in the UK, I would need
       | to say TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, Oculus, iPhone, iPad, and
       | such, and not the company name.
        
       | keiferski wrote:
       | "Learn to code and surround yourself with smart people" is good
       | advice, but it's kind of funny that Google was used as the
       | example of peak success for a group of 15 year olds. I'm fairly
       | willing to bet that most of them think of Google as boring and
       | old, and not exciting or innovative. How to start TikTok or
       | Minecraft would have probably been a more inspiring example.
        
         | Mr-Frog wrote:
         | The story of Minecraft was an awesome inspiration for my peers
         | and me, much more relatable than Google or any SV startup.
         | Markus Persson did not come from a family of academics or
         | engineers; he was just a poor blue-collar kid who liked
         | videogames and coding (unfortunately his political views have
         | stained his image).
        
           | lokimedes wrote:
           | I literally remember following his progress as he posted on
           | Reddit. I imagine following Linus Torvald's posts on Usenet
           | must bring similar memories to the slightly more matured
           | people around here.
           | 
           | With fully 2 datapoints, I conjecture that this odd
           | Scandinavian combination of being highly advanced nations yet
           | isolated from the action in and around Silicon Valley
           | increases the probability of public social Communication, as
           | we (Scandis) are used to not having peers physically around
           | us. The chi^2 is good with this one.
        
         | LarsDu88 wrote:
         | Folks underestimate how incredibly skilled Notch was and is.
         | Unfortunately ludum dare has taken down its historical compo
         | pages, but I remember that he had several games built from
         | scratch in 24 hours which were mind boggling impressive.
         | 
         | One had a full 3d rendering engine implemented in Dartlang
         | written in 48 hours. Another was a minecraft top down rpg
         | clone.
         | 
         | Dude is the Bobby Fischer of tech
        
           | bearjaws wrote:
           | He also wrote Wurm Online with Rolf Jansson, all in Java
           | OpenGL. Was a bit of a mess of a game but it still has an
           | engaged community.
        
           | evilai wrote:
           | Yes, I completely agree, I always fondly remember his game
           | "drowning in problems"[1] because of the notable creativity
           | behind it. Despite barely having an interface, it managed to
           | entertain me until the end.
           | 
           | [1]http://game.notch.net/drowning/
        
           | Pannoniae wrote:
           | Yup.... if you look at Minecraft Classic or one of the
           | similar early versions' code..... it's quite advanced. It's
           | conceptually fairly simple but the game just has so many
           | small nice things which are taken for granted but are not
           | trivial to implement.
           | 
           | It's no surprise that almost all of the iconic things about
           | Minecraft was created in the first few years by Notch....
           | everything else afterwards is just polishing it and adding
           | fluff.
        
           | rightbyte wrote:
           | Notch was a great hacker, but not a good coder. His code is
           | hacks upon hack all the way down.
        
       | dpflan wrote:
       | I am curious how this ethos of the 3 things you need and
       | playfulness/not-intended-to-be-a-startup startups project is in
       | enacted per batch. Like YC's now numerous sales
       | operations/software companies in the past batches: 19-22 years
       | are making email-based-crms for their friends? (I guess a batch
       | and other batches are "friends" so goalposts shift and magically
       | appear). The growth in sales saas companies out of YC seems less
       | of fun project and more of this is a business opportunity for the
       | enterprise. Probably for other spaces as well. Is there
       | dissonance between the tenets of this essay and actually YC
       | companies of late? Does someone have better analysis, would be
       | much appreciated?
       | 
       | """ What you need in a startup idea, and all you need, is
       | something your friends actually want. """
        
         | dpflan wrote:
         | Here is a launch front-page today: Okapi (YC W24) -- A new,
         | flexible CRM with good UX
         | 
         | Nothing about friends, nothing about fun projects. Mainly just
         | looking at Salesforce, knowing its the DB for business-side of
         | the house, and that the UI/X of SFDC is not good, so here is a
         | better UX (much appreciated).
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39755927
        
         | lupire wrote:
         | As a VC (purchaser of startup) pg's main interest is in driving
         | up supply of premoney startups in order to drive down price.
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | > If you look at the lists of the richest people that
       | occasionally get published in the press, nearly all of them did
       | it by starting their own companies.
       | 
       | Actaally if you look at those lists, the largest number made it
       | by choosing their parents correctly.
        
         | petesergeant wrote:
         | Certainly a few, but a quick scan of lists makes it look more
         | like 25% inherited in the top 20 or so
        
           | namdnay wrote:
           | I think it depends where you set the limit between "self
           | made" and "inherited". I don't think it's black or white
           | 
           | Would Gates have made it if Mum wasn't on the board of IBM?
           | Would Bezos have made it without 200k from mum&dad ?
        
             | importantbrian wrote:
             | The real problem with those lists is that they only include
             | people whose wealth is known and can be reasonably valued
             | based on public sources. It's often not easy to trace the
             | net worth of old-money families. It also means you won't
             | find people from countries with very low transparency or
             | dictators on the list. For example, you won't find Putin or
             | any of the Saudi royals on the Forbes list even though they
             | are among the wealthiest people in the world. Perhaps even
             | competing for #1 depending on what estimate of their wealth
             | you find to be the most reliable.
             | 
             | It's impossible to draw any firm conclusions from those
             | lists because they aren't representative samples of wealthy
             | people. They're a sample of wealthy people with public
             | assets, and of course that's going to skew heavily towards
             | people who founded large publically traded companies who
             | live in countries with high degrees of financial
             | transparency.
        
               | secstate wrote:
               | Which makes one feel even shittier when you realize that
               | even with that skewing, the list STILL contains a lot of
               | inherited-wealth or comfortable-highly-educated-wealth
               | people.
        
             | Aunche wrote:
             | > Would Bezos have made it without 200k from mum&dad ?
             | 
             | Bezos was already the youngest Senior Vice President at DE
             | Shaw before he started Amazon, so he wouldn't have any
             | problem finding other investors. His mom had Bezos as a
             | teenager, and his adoptive dad was a young Cuban refugee.
             | His grandfather was rich though.
        
             | YetAnotherNick wrote:
             | I would consider someone who has made >1000x what they were
             | given as self made without any doubt. Yes $200k or being in
             | IBM's board or being US citizen or being able to afford
             | Stanford is not a small thing for many, but saying that
             | those were the biggest determining factor in making them
             | richest is just being cynic on their progress.
        
           | martinohansen wrote:
           | > [...] you need to do well in your classes to get into a
           | good university.
           | 
           | Isn't this also mostly inherited: do most get into the good
           | universities because of their grades or their connections?
           | Can most get good grades without an "inherited" support
           | system?
        
           | sarimkx wrote:
           | Inherited wealth did see an increase in 2023 in the UBS
           | Wealth Report.
           | 
           | https://www.ubs.com/global/en/media/display-page-
           | ndp/en-2023...
           | 
           | https://fortune.com/europe/2023/11/30/billionaire-heirs-
           | over...
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | Except for Waltons or the occasional Saudi, there is much
           | more tech wealth compared to inherited wealth.
        
         | LarsDu88 wrote:
         | Parents who started companies. Lookin' at you Walton kids!
        
         | wilshiredetroit wrote:
         | "choosing their parents correctly" - yes.. having great parents
         | doing their best is probably one of the main indicators of
         | success. (mileage definitely varies) A child can learn a lot
         | from their parents.. things like prudence, patience, work
         | ethic.. a lot of folks think its about "inheritance". imho
        
         | gist wrote:
         | > If you look at the lists of the richest people that
         | occasionally get published in the press, nearly all of them did
         | it by starting their own companies.
         | 
         | And actually it's a stupid point to begin with; making a point
         | by choosing the absolute top percentage as if there is nothing
         | other than 'really' rich (forget whether that is even a good
         | thing I'd argue it's not a plus to have that much money and
         | notoriety). There is of course 'lots of money' or
         | 'comfortable'.
         | 
         | Irony also that Paul is probably not on that list but even if
         | he was it's not because he 'built a google' but rather he
         | decided to be an investor and incubator spreading bets over
         | many potential winners.
         | 
         | Also ironic that Paul had decided rather than making more money
         | he'd rather spend time with his family.
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | I am sure he has at least a billion. That is really rich
        
           | feedforward wrote:
           | Of course you're correct, but forget about that - two thirds
           | of the team that started Viaweb and then Y-Combinator
           | crashed, according to then contemporary reports, 10% of the
           | machines on the Internet for the fun of vandalism or a prank
           | or whatever. The one who was charged did no jail time -
           | Graham wasn't even charged.
           | 
           | He then goes on to exploit young techies to put himself in a
           | very prime position in the relations of production. Nowadays
           | he tweets minimally veiled racist tweets about the supposed
           | biological superiority of his brain compared to the rest of
           | us, especially other races. Talk about privilege.
        
             | user_7832 wrote:
             | > Nowadays he tweets minimally veiled racist tweets about
             | the supposed biological superiority of his brain compared
             | to the rest of us, especially other races.
             | 
             | I'm curious, what are you referring to?
        
         | hintymad wrote:
         | I guess luck plays a big role in one's success. That said, pg's
         | points still hold, as he is telling us how to maximize our
         | chance of success despite of what we are born with.
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | If the goal is to maximize your chances it would not be to
           | start a company. It would be get a degree from decent school
           | + white collar work for 10-20 years (whilst paying off
           | student loans) + diligently investing in index funds and home
           | ownership. That is how guys are getting rich on Reddit 'FIRE'
           | subs at 30-40-years old, not start-ups.
        
             | bdangubic wrote:
             | That can get you rich - not wealthy
        
               | paulpauper wrote:
               | depends on definition of wealthy
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | It's n=1 and huge survivorship bias. There is not that much
         | useful or applicable in this essay. Yeah starting a company is
         | one way to get rich, but the odds are not that good and start-
         | up costs are higher than ever. Nothing is getting cheaper,
         | whether it's advertising, labor, or developing the product.
         | 
         | The $ offered by YC wouldn't even cover a typical salary for a
         | single coder or an adverting budget, although being chosen by
         | YC does help to some degree in the latter though. Same for
         | Thiel Fellowship: Not much $ either. You need a lot more than
         | being offered by these incubators, which is a pittance. Back in
         | the '90s it was easier to get decent funding, plus costs were
         | way lower even adjusted for inflation. Now it's huge
         | competition for bread crumbs, plus huge expenses.
         | 
         | On Reddit investing and 'FIRE' subs, way more young and middle-
         | aged people getting rich (as in 7-8 figures) with lucrative
         | white collar jobs or being early in a start-up, plus investing
         | in stock market and real estate, than creating actual
         | companies.
         | 
         |  _You can do well in computer science classes without ever
         | really learning to program. In fact you can graduate with a
         | degree in computer science from a top university and still not
         | be any good at programming. That 's why tech companies all make
         | you take a coding test before they'll hire you, regardless of
         | where you went to university or how well you did there. They
         | know grades and exam results prove nothing._
         | 
         | Yeah, theoretical computer science is not the same as coding.
         | The guys who did theoretical AI work seem to do okay though.
        
         | oli5679 wrote:
         | https://www.forbes.com/consent/ketch/?toURL=https://www.forb...
         | 
         | If I look here, top 20 are 17 founders and 3 heirs (2 Waltons -
         | Walmart, and one Bettencourt - L'Oreal)
        
           | feedforward wrote:
           | So Musk whose father owned diamond mines is not an heir.
           | 
           | Arnault whose father owned Ferret-Savinel is not an heir.
           | 
           | Gates father was a prominent lawyer, his mother was an
           | heiress who was on a board with the chairman of IBM.
           | 
           | Even looking at those who are not classified as heirs -
           | Zuckerberg's high school currently costs over $50,000 a year.
           | Buffett's father was a congressman and his family owned
           | grocery stores. Not billionaires, but people with more wealth
           | and connections then even our minority of upper middle class
           | people.
        
       | d--b wrote:
       | Inspirational talk for 14 year old to engage into extremely risky
       | ventures for the sake of becoming the richest person in the
       | world.
       | 
       | How irresponsible.
        
         | petesergeant wrote:
         | The actual advice given is "learn to program and then pursue
         | projects that interest you", which is great advice for a 14
         | year old.
        
           | d--b wrote:
           | Yeah right that's definitely what 14 year olds will take away
           | from this.
        
       | n0us wrote:
       | In the YC Youtube videos it's amusing that they (Jason and the
       | other guy) almost always reference Google and Facebook despite
       | the fact that neither of those companies were YC companies and
       | none of the YC companies out of 4000+ funded (not even Stripe)
       | come close to the scale or valuation of either Google or
       | Facebook.
       | 
       | https://www.ycombinator.com/topcompanies/valuation
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | Google and Facebook had 2 decades. Even the most successful of
         | YC companies had a little over a decade. Not a valid
         | comparison. And $100+ billion for Coinbase, Stripe, Dropbox is
         | still huge.
        
         | asfasfo wrote:
         | While thats true they did fund Airbnb which is 100B. So while
         | they haven't funded anyone that big yet, they have come 1/10 of
         | the way.
        
       | mattlondon wrote:
       | I dislike this sort of advice for teenagers. You may as well tell
       | them to be rock stars or professional sports people.
       | 
       | Tell the kids to study, don't sell them an unobtainable dream
        
         | smokel wrote:
         | The amount of survivorship bias ignored in the article is
         | appalling. Why?
        
           | duderific wrote:
           | Because PG is a survivor, and he's biased.
        
           | hbn wrote:
           | It's like all the successful rappers who go on about how "I
           | wanted to be a rapper when I was a teenager, and my guidance
           | counsellor told me it's not realistic, and that I should
           | settle down with a safe, normal job. Now look where I am!"
           | 
           | Your guidance counsellor told hundreds of kids the same
           | thing, and it was good advice for basically all of them. For
           | every guy who made it rich with some crazy risky stock trade,
           | there's hundreds of guys who lost everything. For every
           | business that was about to go under but managed to pull
           | through, there's hundreds that were in the same position and
           | failed. The attitude of following in the footsteps of the
           | lucky few just seems like it's teaching kids to double down
           | on failure.
           | 
           | Everyone can spot the issue when someone is wasting their
           | money in a casino, thinking they're one more pull on the slot
           | machine away from becoming rich. But for some reason it's
           | encouraged when it's reframed as "following your dreams."
        
             | echelon wrote:
             | We're all already dead in geologic time. Why not shoot for
             | the stars?
             | 
             | There's a big difference between a casino and actively
             | throwing yourself at problem gradients, learning, adapting.
        
               | smokel wrote:
               | By the same nihilistic reasoning, why not aim for the
               | path of least resistance?
               | 
               | (I would not even be surprised if some of the survivors
               | did precisely that -- copy behavior of their successful
               | parents, or try to prove their worth in terms of money,
               | lacking other means to receive confirmation.)
        
             | swader999 wrote:
             | Shooting for the google Star and falling short into a mid
             | programming career is a lot better than missing the NBA
             | with not much more than busted knees to show for it.
        
         | duderific wrote:
         | To be fair, he does tell them to study. But only because you
         | have to get into a good college to find other people to found
         | startups with.
        
           | arbuge wrote:
           | Good enough reason I think. Actually it might provide some
           | further motivation for them to do so if they were considering
           | not doing it previously.
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | That is just generic advice. Who would advice against
           | studying. I think this essay is intended to be more
           | inspirational than practical, which is fine.
        
         | mocamoca wrote:
         | The core advice is to _produce_ instead of _consume_. And the
         | second one is to study.
         | 
         | However, packaging it under a "being a mere employee is lame"
         | mantra... Is lame!
         | 
         | But I'm curious. Why do you think that doing something which is
         | maybe not study related is a bad idea?
         | 
         | ("Maybe not" because ie. john Mayer is both a rockstar and a
         | Berkelee grad)
        
       | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
       | Totally insane.
       | 
       | 99% or more of the people who enable Google to do what Google
       | does are employees of Google. Same with every other company. The
       | odds of being the founder of a successful company are probably
       | worse than being a professional sportsball player (if only
       | because they turn over more frequently).
       | 
       | Does anything good come from encouraging kids to think that they
       | will manage to sail through life as a successful business founder
       | rather than an employee?
       | 
       | Does anything good come from encouraging people to ignore the
       | actual situation that the overwhelming majority of the population
       | finds itself in, and instead focusing on some essentially
       | impossible pipe dream?
       | 
       | Obviously, every successful company _does_ have founders. But so
       | does every unsuccessful company. And what actually powers every
       | successful company are its employees, not its founders.
       | 
       | The absolute worst of SV thinking, personified.
        
         | ornornor wrote:
         | If you're a prominent VC that's exactly what you want to happen
         | though, it will let you spread your bets even more.
         | 
         | But like you said, this is peak SV. Luckily there is a whole
         | world outside of SV where the rest of us operate :)
        
         | volkk wrote:
         | > Does anything good come from encouraging kids to think that
         | they will manage to sail through life as a successful business
         | founder rather than an employee?
         | 
         | I would imagine dreaming big is pretty good for children.
         | 
         | A big reason for why I'm optimistic in life is because I have
         | hope for achieving something. I truly can't imagine a life
         | where my father/mother would only hammer in the fact that I am
         | just an average joe and should stick to climbing the corporate
         | ladder. Such an uninspiring take, this one. Depressing.
        
           | jimkoen wrote:
           | > I would imagine dreaming big is pretty good for children.
           | 
           | I would rather have my children dream of becoming astronauts
           | than becoming the next Steve Jobs.
        
             | volkk wrote:
             | i'd argue that's entirely up to the child to dream how they
             | see fit, and up to the parent to support them, build them
             | up and keep a pulse on what the thing is they're focusing
             | on
        
               | slimsag wrote:
               | Most kids want to be social media influencers.
               | 
               | But I do not think most kids today, once adults, will be
               | very happy with their parents if they just blindly
               | support them in that dream, neglecting other realistic
               | career possibilities in blind faith that their kid will
               | be a star.
               | 
               | I'm not saying you should tell your kid 'no! you can't
               | be, I won't let you.' - but like, maybe nudge them in the
               | right direction, have them meet influencers and hear how
               | hard the job actually can be, hear how lucky/unfair who
               | becomes popular and successful can be - then if they are
               | comfortable with and understand those risks, support them
               | in any way possible after that.
        
               | Apocryphon wrote:
               | To be fair, becoming a social media influencer isn't all
               | that conceptually different from becoming a movie star, a
               | professional athlete, a famous musician, or other type of
               | celebrity entertainer. Maybe even marginally more
               | attainable.
               | 
               | Funny enough is successful people like pg themselves
               | become essentially social media influencers after they've
               | achieved things. Fame and following are the next pursuit
               | after wealth.
        
               | volkk wrote:
               | i was hoping it's obvious that as a parent you should
               | still keep guardrails around them but i also specifically
               | mentioned
               | 
               | > and keep a pulse on what the thing is they're focusing
               | on
        
           | pickledish wrote:
           | > I truly can't imagine a life where my father/mother would
           | only hammer in the fact that I am just an average joe and
           | should stick to climbing the corporate ladder. Such an
           | uninspiring take, this one. Depressing.
           | 
           | That is depressing! But also not what the parent comment said
           | -- you seem to have accidentally taken a much more severe
           | meaning from that comment (than I did, at least).
           | 
           | The top-level comment is just talking about being pragmatic.
           | It's hard to walk the line between having idealistic visions
           | and knowing that most of them won't pan out, and probably
           | harder still to teach walking that line to your kids. I think
           | that's what the comment was talking about -- not advocating
           | for falling entirely on the latter side of that line --
           | which, as you say, would be super depressing!
        
             | landryraccoon wrote:
             | The fundamental disagreement I have with the post is the
             | idea that you're foolish for doing something because it
             | probably won't pan out.
             | 
             | So what? Why be so terrified of failure? I think it's
             | better if kids learn to be brave, and pick themselves up in
             | life after they stumble. Living life in utter fear of
             | failing at anything seems like a terrible way for your
             | children to start off life. Besides for which few things
             | are better learning experiences than trying to start your
             | own company.
             | 
             | And who knows. They might even succeed beyond their wildest
             | dreams, as some do.
        
           | feedforward wrote:
           | I find the level-headed realism and appreciation of those of
           | us who work in OP's post refreshing, and the solipsism and
           | wishful thinking of your post depressing.
        
             | volkk wrote:
             | what a weird comment. my entire drive to want to be a
             | business owner is fueled by the desire to be free from
             | inept senior leadership, bad managers and bloated hierarchy
             | mixed with building something people love that stems from
             | my own head. not sure how that translates to solopsism.
             | also, optimism and desire to think big (even if i fail) is
             | depressing to you? you should probably seek therapy, dude
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | If everybody became an entrepreneur then we wouldn't have
           | scientists working on our biggest technological problems.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | (for most research you need a lot of money and people, so
             | out of reach of startups)
        
           | surgical_fire wrote:
           | Eh, maybe it is good to learn that you're not destined to
           | anything grand early on. It gives you resilience, and builds
           | character. Teaches you to value the small things in life.
           | 
           | It can be a lot more depressing to learn you are a loser well
           | into your adulthood, after a long time of thinking very
           | highly of yourself.
        
         | mdgrech23 wrote:
         | That is such a good point. It distracts us from thinking about
         | what our industry really needs right now which is unionization
         | and regulation. The risk of off shore outsourcing and AI and
         | imminent. These kind of posts provide false promises of riches.
         | 
         | I also want to point out it shouldn't be a surprise to anyone
         | that most founders come from well off backgrounds. Their
         | parents can essentially foot the bills while they're getting
         | things off the ground combined w/ the natural access to capital
         | growing up in wealthy circles provides.
        
         | csa wrote:
         | > Does anything good come from encouraging people to ignore the
         | actual situation that the overwhelming majority of the
         | population finds itself in, and instead focusing on some
         | essentially impossible pipe dream?
         | 
         | If one is trying to recruit future Sergeys Larrys, then it's
         | prudent to write to a very narrow audience.
         | 
         | This article addresses that audience perfectly well, imho.
         | 
         | > The absolute worst of SV thinking, personified.
         | 
         | ... or maybe the best.
         | 
         | This is not "general life advice from pg". It's highly targeted
         | and narrow.
         | 
         | That's ok. That needs to be ok. It's one of those things that
         | makes SV unique and uniquely strong, imho.
         | 
         | Edited to add the following:
         | 
         | The advice goes from broad (you don't have to get a job, you
         | can start your own company) to very specific (how to start a
         | hypergrowth startup), with lots of other (good, imho) advice in
         | between.
         | 
         | This will resonate with some folks in the (ostensibly high
         | school) audience, many of whom may be unfamiliar with startups,
         | the startup world, and maybe even the tech world in general. It
         | will fall on deaf ears for most of the rest, because that's not
         | the life or lifestyle they are looking for.
        
         | ldjkfkdsjnv wrote:
         | The odds are actually pretty reasonable if you go to a school
         | like MIT or Harvard. I know its hard for outsiders to grasp,
         | but this is the reality. PG even explicitly calls it out.
        
         | zrm wrote:
         | Startups are high-risk high-reward. That doesn't necessarily
         | mean they're a bad idea. Expected value can be positive even
         | when probability is low. Moreover, a lot of young people can
         | afford to take a chance on something. If you spend a few years
         | living with your parents and attempting to create something,
         | and you fail, you still have several decades of your life to go
         | punch a clock at Big Corp.
         | 
         | And even if you fail to become Google, you might still make a
         | living. Some people would gladly make a modest income doing
         | something they love, with the possibility of making more,
         | rather than working for someone else making three times as much
         | but doing something they hate.
         | 
         | As for what good comes of it, just think about it. Where do new
         | companies come from? Should we have no more of them? What would
         | happen then?
        
           | khazhoux wrote:
           | > Startups are high-risk high-reward
           | 
           | In SV, if you're a founder then it's medium-risk, high-
           | reward. You'll be propped up by investor funding, have
           | acquihire>exec as escape route, and in the slim chance of
           | actual success you'll range from rich to mega-rich.
           | 
           | For non-founders (employees) it's high-risk medium-reward. An
           | acquihire will make you a rank-and-file employee, and if the
           | startup is a true success you might still only bag a moderate
           | sum, thanks to your tiny sub-percent of equity. Only huge
           | IPOs bring wealth to non-founders.
        
           | jakjak123 wrote:
           | I think one should argue that starting a business is high
           | risk, mediocre reward. Most businesses just kinda trudge
           | along, not leaving with the fairy tale returns of FAANG.
           | Those are unicorns for a reason. Most of the businesses I've
           | worked for, some of the founders are still working there and
           | while they are pretty well off, they either havent sold yet
           | (no big payday) or they made a meager sale netting them a
           | very good pay, but probably averaged less than an engineer in
           | SV on a 10 year horizon.
        
             | zrm wrote:
             | It's expecting the high reward which is high risk. Creating
             | a small business that can trudge along and pay you a modest
             | salary is fairly common.
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | The idea behind VC is to lessen the individual financial
           | risk. VC can work but it takes a lot more money than
           | typically offered.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | > Does anything good come from encouraging kids to think that
         | they will manage to sail through life as a successful business
         | founder rather than an employee?
         | 
         | Yes, VCs flourish by it.
        
         | mhb wrote:
         | It doesn't matter, though. If you follow that advice, you'll
         | probably be more successful as an employee.
        
         | richardw wrote:
         | If 10000 more kids shoot for the moon they'll build a lot of
         | skills that the equivalent lifers won't. He's saying things
         | like:
         | 
         | - Get good at tech - Build projects that you want - Get good
         | grades and into the best university you can
         | 
         | I really hope my kid does that. I tried incredibly hard at
         | projects I loved. That built me untold skills. Who cares if
         | they start Google, or fail and get a job or get aquihired,
         | they'll be fine. They'll know what their boss wants. They won't
         | just sit and bitch about parking. And at the back of their
         | minds they might remember that this isn't the only way to live
         | so maybe they'll be braver than they would otherwise.
        
         | clukic wrote:
         | This is a very strange comment to make on the Y combinator link
         | sharing site. A site started as a space for a community of
         | founders and aspiring founders to share their inspiration,
         | ideas and stories. And you're responding to an article written
         | by the founder of that community.
        
           | Apocryphon wrote:
           | This community's relationship and attitudes towards its
           | founders have varied and shifted wildly since its founding.
           | The content shared on this site have also changed over time.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | _99% or more of the people who enable Google to do what Google
         | does are employees of Google. Same with every other company.
         | The odds of being the founder of a successful company are
         | probably worse than being a professional sportsball player (if
         | only because they turn over more frequently)._
         | 
         | Depends on the size of company. A small company maybe is more
         | probable than being a top athlete.
        
         | landryraccoon wrote:
         | I can't disagree more.
         | 
         | I've founded failed startups. I don't regret a single one of
         | them. I've worked at failed startups and big companies and I
         | learned more and had more fun at the startups than I ever did
         | at a big company.
         | 
         | The point is, if you try to found a company, you don't have to
         | make a billion dollars to consider it a success. In terms of
         | personal growth it's easily the equal of any big company job.
        
           | akulbe wrote:
           | One thing I'd add to this, as a Business Management
           | graduate... college won't teach anywhere near as much about
           | business as starting a business will.
           | 
           | You'll get FAR MORE practical and useful knowledge doing it
           | yourself, and being exposed to other businesses.
           | 
           | Most of what you'd get from college can be had reading a
           | handful of well-written books on the subject.
        
         | unraveller wrote:
         | To observers it looks like they missed but observers don't
         | really want to put themselves in the shoes of him who is about
         | to take the shot. In that moment the observer can only win by
         | onlooking, either be reassured that failure is near certain and
         | all risk folly or the observer can be surprised and glad to see
         | the consuming world birth another product.
         | 
         | From a psychological standpoint not aiming high would have been
         | a bigger miss to the person taking the shot. They clearly chose
         | risk no matter how they sulk afterwards.
         | 
         | The ratio of posts about "work-purpose porn" for employee bees
         | and pipe dream madness for misfits is never going to satisfy
         | everyone on HN.
        
         | _cs2017_ wrote:
         | I think your argument is flawed. By the time a company is
         | successful, it has around 100-1000 employees. If those
         | employees are all sampled from the same statistical population,
         | any individual randomness in employee quality will wash out
         | when averaged over 100+ people. So how come a successful
         | company A has better employees than a failed company B?
         | 
         | Maybe a big part of the founders' skill is to actually hire the
         | right management which in turn is capable of hiring the right
         | employees. In which case, the credit goes to the founders after
         | all.
         | 
         | Or maybe the quality of employees does not vary that much
         | (after controlling for the the obvious factors like location /
         | funding / business area). In which case, the company's success
         | is explained by something else. Again, founders' skill? Or
         | maybe something else?
         | 
         | I tend to think that it's a combination of founders' skill and
         | being lucky to start the right business at the right time. I'd
         | understand if others put greater weight on the founders or
         | greater weight on luck.
        
         | csallen wrote:
         | Starting a successful company is not an essentially impossible
         | pipe dream. There are literally millions of businesses in the
         | US that are generating millions in revenue.
         | 
         | Sure, they aren't all mega behemoth tech companies, but what of
         | it? Setting your ambitions high when you're young is still
         | worth it. It can be a major difference maker in motivating you
         | to learn the skills necessary to build a successful business,
         | and it turns out that those same skills are helpful for landing
         | good jobs, too.
         | 
         | Most of the people I know who are doing well now dreamed
         | relatively big when they were young. And many of the people I
         | know who stress about making ends meet never had anyone telling
         | them to aim high when they were young.
         | 
         | If you believe you can, you might try, and you might make it.
         | If you believe you can't, it's madness to true, so you won't
         | try, and you won't make it. These are basic building blocks of
         | motivation and success.
         | 
         | Your pessimistic message could be applied to anything. Why try
         | to build the next Google? It's impossible! Why try to build a
         | smaller business? The odds are against you! Why try to get a
         | high-paying job? Most people work average jobs! Why go for an
         | average job? You're competing with the vast majority of the
         | country! Why get a less-than-average job? It's so stressful and
         | barely worth it.
        
         | rmason wrote:
         | I just posted on X that every high school in Michigan should
         | spend a day discussing startups, even if it truly reaches one
         | kid in fifty the payoff would be immense.
         | 
         | Currently Michigan's idea of business development is to write
         | big checks to folks who promise thousands of jobs.
         | 
         | Yet when the automobile industry got started in Michigan no one
         | wrote them any government checks yet it became our largest
         | industry. We can do much better and more startups is the
         | answer.
        
         | bigthymer wrote:
         | > Does anything good come from encouraging kids to think that
         | they will manage to sail through life as a successful business
         | founder rather than an employee?
         | 
         | I think it probably has a lot to do with the US being the
         | number 1 economy in the world so yes, it does appear to have
         | society-wide benefits. Does it have personal benefits? I think
         | this is probably more controversial. I suspect some people push
         | themselves too hard and would have been happier otherwise,
         | whereas others do indeed benefit from this advice. I suspect
         | that the users of HN probably fall in the latter category.
        
           | advael wrote:
           | I think this distills the crux of the equivocation inherent
           | to this kind of reasoning
           | 
           | Being "the number 1 economy in the world" (Actually kind of
           | debatable by some metrics, but that's beside the point) is a
           | measure of the power of the few that hold it, not the general
           | living conditions of the populace. "Society-wide benefits"
           | being the same as having the richest aggregate economy is to
           | say the least pretty dubious
        
         | zild3d wrote:
         | The essay isn't called "How to optimize your likelihood of
         | retiring comfortably"
         | 
         | > You can't know whether it will turn into a company worth
         | billions or one that goes out of business. So when I say I'm
         | going to tell you how to start Google, I mean I'm going to tell
         | you how to get to the point where you can start a company that
         | has as much chance of being Google as Google had of being
         | Google.
        
         | croisillon wrote:
         | when i was the kids' age, a teacher told us "aim at the stars,
         | you might at least reach the moon" and i always found it
         | motivating
        
       | sarimkx wrote:
       | > If you're not sure what technology to get good at, get good at
       | programming. That has been the source of the median startup for
       | the last 30 years, and this is probably not going to change in
       | the next 10.
       | 
       | Did not expect this tbh. So many people here worried about the
       | future of programming but PG believes we're safe! Alas, something
       | positive!
        
       | a_n wrote:
       | lol why do so many people here have such a loser/average mindset,
       | you can literally achieve anything, literally anything, just
       | because you don't want to work hard, you don't gotta be so
       | discouraging to other people, well I guess people who wanna
       | achieve great things probably don't care about the stupid lazy
       | people, so it's whatever But the fact is you can literally do
       | anything, you just gotta give it your all...
        
         | sarora27 wrote:
         | IMO most folks find it easier to point to the million reasons
         | why something wont work/why someone is speaking from a point of
         | affluence/how luck/finances/etc play a role in success than to
         | just do the thing, learn from their mistakes, and grow. It's
         | probably because doing the latter is hard and forces you to
         | face ambiguity & hard personal growth on a daily basis.
        
           | swader999 wrote:
           | I suffer from this at times. To be fair though, that's sort
           | of my day job. Find holes and flaws in ideas and make them
           | stronger. I don't do it with people anymore at least, I try
           | hard to assume they have the best intent.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | To say I can do literally anything means I can have a 5x body
         | weight deadlift or run a 4 minute mile. There are limits.
        
         | latentcall wrote:
         | A lot of opportunities are locked behind a massive paywall and
         | the system isn't intended for your average Joe to get through
         | that paywall. If it were, you'd have less people to serve you
         | coffee or deliver your meals or advertise to in order to
         | increase shareholder value which the ruling class do not want.
         | Do not be dense.
         | 
         | Pretending like all 8 billion people have the same opportunity
         | to be the next Jeff Bezos/Elon/Jobs is misleading.
         | 
         | My advice for the 99% is to the best you can and foster family
         | and friend relationships, work less, and get out of the
         | mindless consumerist game.
        
         | therealdrag0 wrote:
         | I also don't get why people care so much about what OTHER
         | people do. Will some people fail? Yes of course. But it's good
         | for society to have a ton of people busting their ass and
         | trying new things. And it's good for society if bloggers
         | encourage that.
         | 
         | If you personally want to be an employee, fine, but a cultural
         | value for entrepreneurs is a good thing to have and should be
         | supported.
        
         | malthaus wrote:
         | because most people have something called life experience or
         | come from a culture not brainwashed by the american dream. of
         | course YOU can do anything, but whether you are successful with
         | that or not is up to a million factors you cannot control, no
         | matter how much of your all you give.
         | 
         | go to a casino, throw your life savings on one number. if you
         | win, tell everyone how you gave it all and you manifested it by
         | pure will. if you lose, nobody will ever hear from it.
         | 
         | in addition, pg is so heavily biased on this and should never
         | be taken as gospel.
        
           | gizmo wrote:
           | The belief that luck is the dominant factor in success is
           | false and harmful to the extent that it keeps people from
           | trying. I mean trying for real as opposed to giving up after
           | a bunch of setbacks.
        
             | antisthenes wrote:
             | Yeah, those pesky setbacks like getting injured, working
             | yourself to death and running out of money so you can't
             | feed yourself.
             | 
             | If only people tried for real.
             | 
             | In my experience people most likely to write this are trust
             | fund babies who neglect to mention they're getting
             | essentially a stipend from their parents to take care of
             | all their life necessities, so they can "try for real".
             | Whatever that means.
        
               | gizmo wrote:
               | What I have seen is that people who don't quit eventually
               | become pretty successful. Some people have to quit
               | because of health reasons or other unfortunate
               | circumstances. But in the overwhelming majority of cases
               | people just get demoralized.
               | 
               | 20 years ago I would have agreed with you, but today I
               | don't.
        
       | htsb wrote:
       | * [X] Viable ideas
       | 
       | * [X] Skills to build those ideas
       | 
       | * [ ] Runway to develop those ideas
       | 
       | * [ ] Someone to help find money to provide runway
        
       | erickhill wrote:
       | This has probably been mentioned before on previous posts to Mr.
       | Graham's site, but I find the 1998-ness of the underlying HMTL
       | and simple (if fuzzy) front end (with image map!) that even my
       | PowerBook Pismo can render and appreciate a total blast of fresh
       | air. A mild shame it is running HTTPS so more vintage hardware
       | can't access it, but I understand why.
       | 
       | Anyhoo, props to 1998 era web design. Sincerely.
        
       | tcgv wrote:
       | Finally his blog is using HTTPS :)
        
       | elektrontamer wrote:
       | > But you will avoid many of the annoying things that come with a
       | job, including a boss telling you what to do.
       | 
       | I hear things like this a lot and I'm sick of it. There's nothing
       | wrong with working for someone, in fact it's the best way to
       | improve your skills as a beginner since you're going to be
       | mentored by people much more experienced than you. I still call
       | my first boss to this day.
        
         | swader999 wrote:
         | In fact most knowledge work that's above average really feels
         | like you are working 'with' someone. Self leading teams etc.
        
         | jordanpg wrote:
         | People like PG are at the apex of this weird fawning worship of
         | entrepreneurs and getting rich that particularly affects the
         | tech world. This culture places great intrinsic _real value_ on
         | not having a boss.
         | 
         | But of course this is all made up. Nothing has any _real value_
         | in this sense. We just each get 100 years on Earth and we each
         | get to decide how to spend that time. Those are the facts.
         | 
         | The entrepreneur worship culture is simply about making people
         | who make those choices feel better about those choices. And as
         | another commenter has observed, most of us are no more likely
         | to make it as an entrepreneur than we are likely to play for
         | the Lakers.
         | 
         | So, yeah, "a boss telling you what to do" is fine if it works
         | for you and gets you what you want out of life. Some of us just
         | don't give a shit and don't want to spend a lot of time
         | thinking about things like market fit and business transactions
         | and valuation blah blah blah.
        
       | kleiba wrote:
       | _...including a boss telling you what to do._
       | 
       | You leave that to your customers and stock holders instead.
        
       | BogdanPetre wrote:
       | Start a company to work on exciting projects and potentially get
       | rich, by mastering technology, creating based on interests, and
       | finding like-minded cofounders
        
       | walteweiss wrote:
       | I'm following this advice for about two decades, and I'm not even
       | close to being rich. I'm rather poor at the day.
       | 
       | One of the reasons is my background, besides 'building my stuff'
       | I was very busy fighting the obstacles most of the people in a
       | developed country would never meet. Or most of the people having
       | parents would never meet.
       | 
       | Life got me in the middle of building a very nice thing, giving
       | me obstacles I couldn't manage. Then, when I was climbing out of
       | it, there was the pandemic, which messed many things in my life.
       | 
       | I just migrated to Ukraine back then, and you all know what
       | happened next, the Russian full-scale invasion. That's only the
       | public events, I'm ignoring all the personal stuff here.
       | 
       | Saying that, for me, it was about five years, at least, I paused
       | with my projects. Some of them are slightly irrelevant, some are
       | not. There are ones I still believe are very good, even now when
       | I'm older and more experienced. I got a huge load of non-
       | professional experience over these years, and it helps me to
       | understand the world so much better now. Will I ever find my
       | resources for building my ideas? Nobody knows. If I'll survive
       | the war, I think I will.
       | 
       | During this half a decade I juggled stupid jobs (won't mention
       | why to save time, personal life events) because for a regular job
       | I'm either too qualified or have a very different experience,
       | non-applicable to local market. And I'm way too expensive when I
       | work as an employee. I'm more the founder / employer type than
       | the employee type, unemployable, as they used to brag in the
       | Valley.
       | 
       | And my point is. I regret I never took my time to explore the
       | professional life I despised all my life. This stupid CV/resume
       | and LinkedIn idiocracy. When I had no resources, I could easily
       | manage any enterprise job. I'm very good at stupid politics if
       | needed, but I don't enjoy it. And I'm very good with the software
       | tools, so I can do your average enterprise employee workday for a
       | couple of hours time. That proved my previous years as a
       | freelancer, building my company, and interacting with the people
       | I know from the corporate world.
       | 
       | In time of my need, I was just contemplating others earning way
       | too much for their skills. When I didn't even have a stupid
       | resume, but was usually overqualified for a senior position, not
       | to say a junior one. And no resources to learn the things I
       | missed from this corporate thing.
       | 
       | Now it's getting better due to my personal life changes, but I
       | just lost some years of professional development. Plus loads of
       | money I could earn on a stupid job (I won't burn out type, as I
       | don't give a flying duck type).
       | 
       | While I'm not arguing about the point, especially as a piece of
       | advice for teenagers, I would recommend learning other options,
       | and get as much different life experience as you can, while
       | you're very young. That experience is much more valuable than all
       | the money you can get. I got loads of money and all of that money
       | is burned by now. I could earn more (loss less) if I would be
       | better prepared for personal stuff in my life. As it took way too
       | much energy and affected my work way too much.
       | 
       | Also, I don't believe you build Facebook or Google when you are
       | super young. I would say that is more of a luck thing. I believe
       | you build something valuable when you understand what is around
       | you and how the World works. You can build your super project at
       | 50, why not?
       | 
       | And as the P.S. the Zuck story is a pure manipulation. We all
       | know that wasn't even his idea.
        
       | babl-yc wrote:
       | I couldnt finish reading the essay because I was distracted by
       | the generally smug tone of it.
       | 
       | 99.99% of people who read this article are not going to start the
       | next Google. Being a successful entrepreneur requires an
       | incredible amount of luck, timing, skill, and risk taking.
       | 
       | If you choose that path, great, but that in no way devalues the
       | skill building, network building, and predictable income of
       | working for someone else.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | Perhaps you're not the intended audience.
         | 
         | There are certain people that deeply desire this and that
         | understand their chances of success are low. Nevertheless,
         | these people want to try and find encouragement in these types
         | of essays.
         | 
         | You don't need to be upset that this isn't for you. There are
         | all sorts of shapes of people in the world. We benefit by
         | having curious people at all strata of society, exploring
         | various sorts of ideas and problems. It keeps us from deadlock.
        
           | pepve wrote:
           | > You don't need to be upset that this isn't for you.
           | 
           | The person you're responding to does not seem upset to me.
           | 
           | You add an interesting perspective that some people want to
           | find encouragement in these types of essays. And the personal
           | jab just isn't necessary.
        
             | echelon wrote:
             | > The person you're responding to does not seem upset to
             | me.
             | 
             | I don't think we're reading this the same.
             | 
             | To quote OP,
             | 
             | >> I was distracted by the generally smug tone of it.
             | 
             | The definition of "smug":
             | 
             | > smug /sm@g/ adjective. having or showing an excessive
             | pride in oneself or one's achievements.
             | 
             | > contentedly confident of one's ability, superiority, or
             | correctness; complacent.
             | 
             | This is why I responded. If you don't like the tone of the
             | article, you don't need to suggest that the author has a
             | superiority complex.
             | 
             | > And the personal jab just isn't necessary.
             | 
             | "smug" is a personal jab. I didn't make one.
        
         | gizmo wrote:
         | The tone isn't smug. pg simplified his language for a teenage
         | audience. Simple arguments made simply can come across as smug
         | because they lack caveats and polite hedging, but I don't think
         | the accusation of smugness sticks in this case.
         | 
         | I also disagree about the incredible qualities entrepreneurs
         | need and hardships they have to endure. Many incredible
         | businesses are just good product + good distribution. Many kids
         | think starting a startup is practically impossible, and pg
         | correctly points out that it isn't.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | It's a little easier if you are a PhD study at Stanford, or,
           | in pg's case, friends with a famous genius at MIT.
           | 
           | Starting is trivial. Succeeding is in fact practically
           | impossible.
        
           | gcr wrote:
           | When I was a teen, I had a strong aversion for being talked
           | down to, and was resistant to attempts to patronize even if
           | they were well-intended and even if they benefited me.
           | 
           | Paul's leaving a significant fraction of the intended
           | audience on the table here IMO: teens who are resistant to
           | being told what to do and how to do it. :)
        
             | mkoubaa wrote:
             | That sounds like a disability to me
        
         | newyankee wrote:
         | I mean even basic math cannot uphold the thesis.
         | 
         | All the money and power in the world keeps consolidating
         | upwards with the people closer to the apex of the pyramid
         | deluding others that consistent climbing will help others reach
         | there.
         | 
         | A tale as old as time, but due to exponential growth of tech
         | playing out much faster.
        
       | jankovicsandras wrote:
       | Another point of view:
       | 
       | https://medium.com/insurge-intelligence/how-the-cia-made-goo...
       | 
       | https://medium.com/insurge-intelligence/why-google-made-the-...
       | 
       | (I don't know how truthful these articles are, but found them
       | interesting to read.)
        
       | fuzzfactor wrote:
       | If you reduce it to a very certain first principle that can be
       | applied similarly today, at Google they made electronics do what
       | other people weren't doing so well, ideally things that had never
       | been done before.
       | 
       | Same thing as Packard & Hewlett when they got the ball rolling .
       | . .
       | 
       | Worked for Edison too, he really got in on the ground floor when
       | it comes to electrons.
        
       | paulmd wrote:
       | you could never start google today. when you go to the VCs and
       | make the pitch they say "that business already exists, it's
       | called google".
        
       | quadcore wrote:
       | [deleted]
        
       | sgu999 wrote:
       | > this is the standard way to get really rich
       | 
       | The standard way for a young 15yo to get rich, is to be passed on
       | wealth by their parents. But starting a company can probably
       | work, occasionally enough that we can use it as a smoke screen.
        
       | jp57 wrote:
       | _The trick is to start your own company. So it 's not a trick for
       | avoiding work, because if you start your own company you'll work
       | harder than you would if you had an ordinary job. But you will
       | avoid many of the annoying things that come with a job, including
       | a boss telling you what to do._
       | 
       | This is literally true, but it's disingenuous. Not every job has
       | a boss _telling you what to do_. Many jobs hire people for their
       | expertise and pay them to solve problems for them, and in these
       | kinds of jobs the employee collaborates with her boss on deciding
       | what kinds of problems you will work on. Of course, it will only
       | be enjoyable if the company 's problems are aligned with the
       | employee's interests.
       | 
       | If you are a technical expert with the kind of ability and acumen
       | needed to run a successful start up, I would argue that it is at
       | least as easy to find a company whose problems are aligned with
       | your interests as to find investors who will truly let you pursue
       | your own interests with their money.
       | 
       | "Making it" as a startup founder should be seen in the same class
       | of success as making it as a rock star or an actor. There are
       | lots of aspirants and hardly any of them succeed. Even though
       | some manage to become wildly wealthy, the prior expected payoff
       | is negative.
        
         | pdonis wrote:
         | _> the employee collaborates with her boss on deciding what
         | kinds of problems you will work on. Of course, it will only be
         | enjoyable if the company 's problems are aligned with the
         | employee's interests._
         | 
         | And that's a _huge_ if. PG 's view of regular jobs might be
         | colored by his own experience (working for Yahoo after they
         | bought Viaweb--of course it's going to jar when the thing you
         | built is now owned by someone else that you now have to work
         | for), but it's still the case that even the best case regular
         | job (and of course most regular jobs _aren 't_ the best case)
         | is going to give you significantly less autonomy than owning
         | your own company--because you don't make the final business
         | decisions for a company you don't own. If you're the type of
         | person that's going to jar (and I suspect PG _is_ that type of
         | person), you 're not going to like even the best case regular
         | job.
         | 
         |  _> "Making it" as a startup founder should be seen in the same
         | class of success as making it as a rock star or an actor. There
         | are lots of aspirants and hardly any of them succeed. Even
         | though some manage to become wildly wealthy, the prior expected
         | payoff is negative._
         | 
         | This is probably true if you take VC funding, since VC outcomes
         | are basically bimodal: either "huge win" or "tank". I'm not
         | sure all startups actually need to take VC funding, however.
        
       | xanderlewis wrote:
       | > ...get good at programming. That has been the source of the
       | median startup for the last 30 years, and this is probably not
       | going to change in the next 10.
       | 
       | Interesting comment; seems at odds with what a lot of others seem
       | to think at the moment. But time will tell. I suspect he's right.
        
       | abhayhegde wrote:
       | While I absolutely agree with PG here on identifying a missing
       | link and solving it with technology as your own project is a good
       | way to own a startup, I also feel most of his examples are
       | reminiscent of survivorship bias.
       | 
       | For every one of these giant trillion dollar companies, there are
       | also thousands of companies that couldn't make it. Also, just by
       | the distribution of it all, not every company _can_ be a Google.
       | Not trying to be pessimistic here; everyone should be able to try
       | solving some problem as a project and have fun meanwhile.
       | However, expecting a Google out of it could be a bit too
       | demanding.
        
         | justsocrateasin wrote:
         | I think he answers the second point of "not every company _can_
         | be a Google " though. He says this will get you to the point
         | where your company _could_ be a Google, but makes no promises
         | that it _will_ be one.
         | 
         | I agree with the first point. I do think that the experience
         | would nonetheless be valuable, though, to pilot a failed
         | company.
        
           | paulryanrogers wrote:
           | Why even bring up 'Google' when the odds are (and always
           | were) so long? It's like saying your bet could be the
           | Powerball winner. I mean if his audience is only soon-to-be
           | lottery winners, then it's kind of embarrassingly narrow and
           | niche. And what advice is there to say except be rich enough
           | to buy a lot of tickets?
        
           | xeonmc wrote:
           | "Not every company can become a Google; but a Google _can_
           | come from anywhere."
           | 
           | Peter O'Toole, probably.
        
         | ijidak wrote:
         | Agree. Although, de does mention that a barber shop counts.
         | 
         | I think when someone like him shows up, kids want to hear about
         | the extreme end of financial success.
         | 
         | Hopefully those kids get to hear from other types of business
         | people as well -- those who can talk about more of the middle
         | of the road.
        
         | codethatwerks wrote:
         | Yes he tells you how to increase your odds in the lottery from
         | 1E-11 to 1E-6 perhaps. His advice assumes you won the birth
         | lottery already. Really you can't be motivated by being the
         | next Google because it (approximately) won't happen. Be excited
         | by the other things on the way.
        
       | difflens wrote:
       | It's interesting that this piece mentions "to get really rich" as
       | one of the primary motivators. Especially to high school
       | students. I wonder if that's good advice or if society is better
       | served by motivating students to start companies that make the
       | world better.
        
         | heyoni wrote:
         | I feel like there was a moment where "love was all you needed"
         | and people just followed their passions with real careers as a
         | backup. Hollywood pressed that view (or echoed it) into the
         | zeitgeist and I'm not sure what the turning point was, but
         | people started getting filthy rich. Almost as if the dormant
         | culture combined with the internet made it possible to amass an
         | absurd amount of wealth. Since then, whenever that is, it feels
         | like it's socially acceptable again to do be driven by earning
         | potential and nothing else.
         | 
         | I agree with you, wanting to become "filthy rich" is abhorrent
         | given all of the known implications that comes with. At the
         | very least people should have some shame and keep that to
         | themselves.
        
       | codethatwerks wrote:
       | What is the parallel advice for a 40 year old? I guess the
       | programming and tinkering stuff still applies. But university
       | cannot be redone. Sure I can study but I wont have any connection
       | to most young people. I'll be the old guy. And this assumes I can
       | afford the loss of income.
       | 
       | I assume a lot of start ups are started by older people too.
       | 
       | I think for older people an advantage is to solve older people
       | problems. Like how sucky accessing all kinds of "adulting" things
       | are from aged care to dealing with myriad systems with kids
       | schools or any other problems that have inevitably been chucked
       | at you. Some of these "startups" might actually be
       | lobbying/political work for the good that doesn't make money,
       | some might be startups.
       | 
       | Also being older I don't care about making a unicorn. I see that
       | as an odd goal for a founder of any age but a great goal for an
       | investor.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | 1. Get into Stanford just as Stanford is getting into the VC
       | business.
       | 
       | 2. Use Stanford bandwidth for your web crawler.
       | 
       | 3. See how AltaVista does it; they're in downtown Palo Alto.
       | 
       | 4. Get 100K from the guy who founded Sun.
       | 
       | 5. Move into the space above the bike shop in Palo Alto. (9 major
       | startups began there.)
       | 
       | 6. Get more funding from the guy who founded Amazon.
       | 
       | 7. Sell search ads.
       | 
       | 8. Profit!
        
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