Tips for installing a Debian/Devuan VM on a BSD bare metal server running vmd ## Version information * Debian 10.4.0 * Devuan 3.0.0 * OpenBSD 6.7 * 18/6/2020 On BSD bare metal server running vmd: ## Logging on: ssh user@furit.ircnow.org ## vm configuration grep -B1 -A10 "owner USERNAME" /etc/vm.conf` `vmctl status | grep USERNAME` ## making virtual disk vmctl create -s 16G diskname.qcow2 file diskname.qcow2 ls -lh diskname.qcow2 ## controling vm Start: _%25%25vmctl start VMNAME%25%25_\\ Get in: _%25%25vmctl console VMNAME%25%25_\\ Start and get in: _%25%25vmctl start -c VMNAME%25%25_\\ Get out: _%25%25~.%25%25_\\ Get out without get out ssh: _%25%25~~.%25%25_\\ Graceful shutdown: _%25%25vmctl stop VMNAME%25%25_\\ Cut Power: _%25%25vmctl stop -f VMNAME%25%25_\\ Console messes up the screen: _%25%25reset; clear%25%25_\\ ## vm booting * Guess - MBR (no GPT) of diskname.qcow2 * If invalid, cdrom * Can’t be controlled without root or something idk ’bout ===== Inside my vm ===== ## Boot parameters ### Bad: /install.amd/vmlinuz priority=low vga=788 initrd=/install.amd/initrd.gz ### Good: /install.amd/vmlinuz priority=low DEBIAN_FRONTEND=text initrd=/install.amd/initrd.gz --- console=ttyS0,115200 Guesses: * system no like video * system no auto find console or console speed * parameter after — will be copied to system boot menu * curses frontend crashes console === References: === * Debian Boot Parameters https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/amd64/ch05s03.en.html * Console Crashes For No Reason https://marc.info/?l=openbsd-tech&m=159028442625596&w=2 ## Installation ### Initial Menu Advanced options >> Expert install >> edit boot parameters and boot Protip: Type line at end, then Ctrl+B to edit middle - don’t overshoot# ### Pre network questions Defaults are fine. ### Network questions No autoconfigure. Static IP address assigned to you hint: _%25%25dig VMNAME.us5.ircnow.org%25%25_ Netmask: 255.255.255.0 (default) Gateway: 38.81.163.129 (NOT default) DNS: 8.8.8.8 (NOT default) Timeout for link autodetect - efault of 3 is fine. It never times out anyway if you got it wrong and hangs. Protip: You can never enter the network setup menu (or type < to get out of it) to avoid this. Hostname: Don’t think it matters. Domain name: does it have to be us5.ircnow.org??? ### Pre disk questions Protip: ##STARTCODEBLOCK## openssl rand -base64 12##ENDCODEBLOCK## makes a 16 char password Protip: Save password to a file on bare metal computer and copy paste it in Protip: Ctrl+c or Ctrl+shift+c = xsel -b ; Select with mouse = xsel ; Middle mouse button pastes xsel Protip: Can’t only have ssh key because you need to login from console when network is down! Protip: ##STARTCODEBLOCK## grep "Invalid user" /var/log/auth.log | wc -l##ENDCODEBLOCK## ### Disk questions Protip: mbt is called “msdos” here\\ Reminder: GPT no work### i think\\ Protip: ##STARTCODEBLOCK## expr 1024 \* 1024 \* 1024 \* 4%25%25##ENDCODEBLOCK## to get 4GiB instead of 4GB, use suffix b Protip: “10 11” Protip: easier to make swap on a separate .qcow2 ### Final questions Protip: “targeted” works Enable backports with “1 2 3” Select and install software takes a long time do NOT press enter to make it wake up or it will skip choices Don’t install desktop stuff on the SERVER Install GRUB to the MBR You don’t need to “remove the installation media” ### Post installation Protip: Don’t hold keys down or you may lock the console To keep all .dpkg (to make a local archive later): printf '%25s' 'Binary::apt::APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages "1";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99keep-downloaded-packages To trust cdrom: sed -i 's/deb cdrom/deb [trusted=yes] cdrom/' /etc/apt/sources.list To get new kernel: (IMPORTANT!) apt list | egrep 'linux-image.*bpo..-amd64-unsigned' #based on latest above apt install linux-image-5.6.0-0.bpo.2-amd64-unsigned uname -r #still old reboot uname -r #new Now you put your authorized_keys in and switch to ssh instead of console. To see kept .dpkg (to make a local archive later): find /var/cache/apt/archives -name '*.deb' | wc -l du -ah /var/cache/apt/archives | sort -h | tail To find an empty .qcow2 disk to put swap on: lsblk mkswap /dev/DONT_GET_THIS_WRONG lsblk -o name,UUID | grep DONT_GET_THIS_WRONG uuid=$(lsblk -o name,UUID | grep vdc | awk '{print $2}') echo \$uuid #should exist! printf "%25s\n" "UUID=$uuid none swap" >> /etc/fstab #applies on reboot swapon /dev/DONT_GET_THIS_WRONG #applies now swapon #verify have swap now To not need password to sudo /etc/sudoers #edit this file with this line USERNAME ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL ===== Packages ===== apt get apt-file